QUANTITIES IN CHEMICAL

REACTION
Meaning of a Balanced Equation
Mole-Mole Calculations
Mass-Mass Calculations

Discussant: Margie B. Bugarin

 MEANING OF A BALANCED REACTION

In the late 1700s a French named Antoine

Lavoisier observed that the total mass of all
substances present after a chemical reaction is the
same as the total mass before the reaction.
Law of conservation of mass
2K + 2H2O 2KOH + H2
Reactant Product
K-2 K-2
H-4 H-4
O-2 O-2
 BALANCING CHEMICAL EQUATIONS

Balance the equation by inspection, starting with

the most complicated molecule(s).
The formulas of the compounds must never be
changed in balancing a chemical equation.
The subscript in a formula cannot be changed,
nor can atoms be added or subtracted from a
formula.
 Practice Exercise
1. Zn + AgCl  ZnCl2 + Ag
2. N2 + H2  NH3
3. NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + H2O
4. KNO3  KNO2 + O2
 Mole

Chemists created a unit for the number of

particles in a given mass of substance. These
particles may either be atoms, molecules or ions.
A mole is made up of 6.022 x 10 23 particles, a
number called Avogadro’s number.
Which has a greater number of particles, a mole of gold or a mole of hydrogen?

Both contain 6.022 x 10 23

particles
How many molecules does two moles of sodium
chloride contain?

1.2044 x 10 24
 Mole ratio
2K + 2H2O 2KOH + H2
2 : 2 : 2 : 1
ratio of coefficients of any two substances in a
balanced chemical equation

A mole ratio converts moles

of one compound in a balanced
chemical equation into moles of
another compound.
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 Example

Reaction between magnesium and oxygen to

form magnesium oxide. ( fireworks)

2 Mg(s) + O2(g) 2 MgO(s)

Mole Ratios:

2 : 1 : 2
 Mole-Mole Calculations
How many moles of water can be obtained from
the reaction of 4 moles of O2?
2 H2 (g) + 1 O2 (g) → 2 H2O (g)

4 mol O2 2 mol H2O

x = 8 mol H2O
1 1 mol O2

Mole Ratio
13
 How many moles of NH3 can be obtained from
the reaction of 8 moles of H2?
__
3 H2 (g) + __
1 N2 (g) → __
2 NH3 (g)

8 mol H2 2 mol NH3

x = 5 mol NH3
1 3 mol H2

Mole Ratio
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 Practice Exercises
How many moles of sulphur react with 3
molecules of O 2?
2 S + 3 O2  2 SO3
 Mole-Mass Calculations
2 Al (s) + 6 HCl (aq) → 2 AlCl3 (aq) + 3 H2 (g)
What mass of hydrogen gas can be produced by
reacting 6 moles of aluminum with HCl?

6 mol Al 3 mol H2 2.0 g H2

x x = 18 g H2
1 2 mol Al 1 mol H2

Mole Ratio Molar Mass

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2 Al (s) + 6 HCl (aq) → 2 AlCl3 (aq) + 3 H2 (g)
What mass of HCl is needed to react with 6
moles of aluminum?

6 mol Al 6 mol HCl 36.4 g HCl

x x = 655 g HCl
1 2 mol Al 1 mol HCl

Mole Ratio Molar Mass

17
 Practice exrecises
 1.50 mol of KClO 3 decomposes. How many
grams of O2 will be produced?

2 KClO 3 2KCl + 3 O2
We want to produce 2.75 mol of KCl. How
many grams of KClO 3 would be required?

2 KClO 3 2KCl + 3 O2
 Mass-Mass Calculations
Sn(s) + 2 HF (g) → SnF2 (s) + H2 (g)
How many grams of SnF2 can be produced from
the reaction of 30.00 g of HF with Sn?

30.00 g HF 1 mole HF 1 molSnF2 156.7 g SnF2

x x
x
1 20.01 g HF 2 mol HF 1 mol SnF2

= 117.5 g
Molar Mass
SnF2 Molar Mass
Mole Ratio
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 How many grams of hydrogen gas are needed to
produce 105.0 grams of water?
2H2 + O2 2H2O

105.0 g H2O x 1 mol H2O x 2 molH2 x 2.0 gH

2
1 18.0 g H2O 2 mol H2O 1 mol H
2

11.67 g H2
 Practice exercises
How many grams of hydrogen gas are needed to
produce 85.2 g of ammonia?
N2 + 3H2  NH3
How many grams of chlorine can be liberated
from the decomposition of 64.0 g of AuCl 3?
AuCl3  2Au + 3 Cl2
 The end!
Thank you for listening!