European Action Plan for the Prevention of Runway Incursions Page i

Global Plan for the Prevention and Mitigation of Runway Excursions

1. Statement of Commitment from participating Organizations

2. Introduction and background

2.1 RSI Effort description and participants
2.2 RSI Basic Information
2.3 Analysis of Excursions
2.4 Causal Factors leading to Runway Excursions
2.4.1 Cause and Effect Diagrams

3. Recommendations
(Recommendation categories could reflect the headline items from Section
2. showing how to mitigate against them)
3.1 Approaches
3.1.1 ATC
3.1.2 Flight Crew
3.1.3 Environment
3.1.4 Weather
3.1.5 Runway Condition, measurement and reporting
3.2 Operation on Runway
3.2.1 Aerodrome design (Annex 14)
3.2.2 Landing
3.2.2.1 Runway Condition
3.2.2.2 Flight Crew
3.2.3 Take-off
3.2.3.1 Runway Condition
3.2.3.2 Flight Crew
3.3 Recovery/Survivability
3.3.1 Aerodrome design (Annex 14)
3.3.2 Contingency Planning

4. Briefing Notes & Best Practices

4.1 Approaches
4.1.1 Approach and Go-Around Briefing
4.1.2 CRM and the Approach
4.1.3 Stabilized Approach
4.1.4 Constant Angle Non-Precision Approaches
4.1.5 Precision and Precision-Like Approaches
4.1.6 ATC Role in Stabilized Approaches
4.1.6.1 Selection of Runway in Use
(including impact of late changes)
4.1.6.2 Approach Types

Working draft 1.1Release 1

 (precision, non-precision, visual, VFR and their respective association
with approach stability)
4.1.6.3 Radar Vectoring
(in particular closing to final approach and contribution to a stable
approach)
4.1.6.4 Use of Speed Control
(when to use and limitations of what can/should be requested, and
impact on aircraft approach)
4.1.6.5 Use of Visual Aids
(PAPIs, RETILS, and runway and approach lighting, etc.)
4.1.6.6 Communications
4.1.6.7 Weather
(effect of crosswind, tailwind, etc.)
4.1.6.8 Transmission of Aerodrome and Met Data
(requirements and ‘best practices’ of ‘what’ and ‘when’)
4.1.6.9 Training
(inclusion of excursion awareness in ATC training, covering items
such as how to recognize circumstances & local peculiarities that may
contribute to an unstable approach)
4.1.7 Go-Arounds
4.1.8 Landing Distance Calculations
4.1.9 Energy Management on Approach
4.1.9.1 Energy State Management
4.1.9.2 Windshear Awareness
4.1.10 Visual Phenomenon
4.1.10.1 Visual Illusion Awareness
4.1.10.2 Acquisition/Loss of Visual References
4.1.11 Landing Techniques
4.1.11.1 Final Approach Speeds
4.1.11.2 Landing Distances
4.1.11.3 Deceleration Devices
4.1.11.4 Wet or Contaminated Runway Operations
4.1.11.5 Wind Information
4.1.11.6 Crosswind Landings
4.1.11.7 Bounced Landings
4.1.12. Abnormal Operations
4.1.12.1 Inoperative Thrust Reversers
4.1.12.2 Hydraulic System Malfunctions and Failures
4.1.12.3 Tire Failures
4.1.12.4 Nose-Wheel Steering Malfunctions
4.2 Runway (from perspective of Pilots, ATC, and Airport Operator)
4.2.1 Runway Physical Characteristics
(ICAO Annex 14 SARPS and other guidance concerning runway physical
characteristics)
4.2.2 Contaminated runway description and measurement
4.2.3 Aircraft Manufacturer Data on Contaminated Runway Operations
4.2.4 Visual Aids
(ICAO Annex 14 SARPS; relevance to maintaining accurate guidance on
centreline during take-off roll, landing roll, entering and vacating the runway
under different weather/daylight conditions)
4.2.4.1 Lighting
 4.2.4.2 Marking
4.2.4.3 Signs
4.2.5 Use of Navigation Aids for guidance
4.2.5.1 Takeoff Roll
4.2.5.2 Landing Roll
4.3 Survivability
4.3.1 Emergency Planning
4.3.1.1 Aerodrome Emergency Planning - General
Introductory Note — Aerodrome emergency planning is the process
of preparing an aerodrome to cope with an emergency occurring at
the aerodrome or in its vicinity. The objective of aerodrome
emergency planning is to minimize the effects of an emergency,
particularly in respect of saving lives and maintaining aircraft
operations.

The aerodrome emergency plan sets forth the procedures for

coordinating the response of different aerodrome agencies (or
services) and of those agencies in the surrounding community that
could be of assistance in responding to the emergency. Guidance
material to assist the appropriate authority in establishing
aerodrome emergency planning is given in the Airport Services
Manual, Part 7.

An aerodrome emergency plan shall be established at an aerodrome,

commensurate with the aircraft operations and other activities
conducted at the aerodrome.

The aerodrome emergency plan shall provide for the coordination of

the actions to be taken in an emergency occurring at an aerodrome
or in its vicinity.

The plan shall coordinate the response or participation of all existing

agencies which, in the opinion of the appropriate authority, could be
of assistance in responding to an emergency.

Note.— Examples of agencies are: — on the aerodrome: air traffic

control unit, rescue and fire fighting services, aerodrome
administration, medical and ambulance services, aircraft operators,
security services, and police; — off the aerodrome: fire
departments, police, medical and ambulance services, hospitals,
military, and harbor patrol or coast guard.

The plan shall observe Human Factors principles to ensure optimum

response by all existing agencies participating in emergency
operations.
4.3.1.2 Aerodrome Emergency Exercise
The plan shall contain procedures for periodic testing of the
adequacy of the plan and for reviewing the results in order to
improve its effectiveness.
Note — The plan includes all participating agencies and associated
equipment.
 The plan shall be tested by conducting:
a) a full-scale aerodrome emergency exercise at intervals
not exceeding two years; and
b) partial emergency exercises in the intervening year to
ensure that any deficiencies found during the full-scale
aerodrome emergency exercise have been corrected;
and reviewed thereafter, or after an actual emergency, so as to
correct any deficiency found during such exercises or actual
emergency.
4.3.1.3 Emergencies in Difficult Environments
The plan shall include the ready availability of and coordination with
appropriate specialist rescue services to be able to respond to
emergencies where an aerodrome is located close to water and/or
swampy areas and where a significant portion of approach or
departure operations takes place over these areas.
4.3.2 Aircraft Crash Worthiness & Design Survivability
4.3.2.1 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
4.3.2.2 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
4.3.2.3 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
4.2.2.4 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
4.3.3 Airport Design & Layout
4.3.3.1 Runway End Safety Areas
4.3.3.2 Dimensions of Runway End Safety Areas
4.3.3.3 Disabled Aircraft Removal
4.3.3.4 Rescue and Fire Fighting

5. New Technological Solutions

6. Appendices - Guidance Material and Best Practices

6.1 Approaches
6.1.1 Aircraft Manufacturers Best Practices
6.1.2 Aircraft Operator / Flight Crew Best Practices
6.1.3 ANSP Best Practices
6.1.4 Regulators Best Practices
6.2 Runway
6.2.1 Aircraft Manufacturers Best Practices
6.2.2 Aircraft Operator / Flight Crew Best Practices
6.2.3 Airport Operator Crew Best Practices
6.3 Surviveability
6.3.1 Airport Operator Best Practices
6.3.2 Aircraft Operator / Flight Crew Best Practices
6.3.3 ANSP Best Practices
6.3.4 Regulator Best Practices
Member Organisation Signature
Flight Safety
President Foundation

VP Safety, Operations, Infrastructure IATA, Montreal

IFALPA
Chairman

ERAA, London
AEA, Brussels
AAPA, Kuala
Lumpur
Airbus, Toulouse

Boeing, Seattle
Embraer,
EASA, Cologne
EUROCONTROL,
Director General Brussels

ACI, Geneva

BAA, London

CANSO. The
Netherlands