1.

TÉTEL
CONVERSATION
Nowadays city dwellers (lakók) must face (szembe kell néznie) different kinds of pollution. Among (között) the
most serious (komoly) types are noise, light, visual and thermal pollution.

1) What is noise pollution and what can it caused by?

Noise pollution refers to (utalni valamire) any loud sounds that are either (bármelyik) harmful (káros) or annoying
to humans and animals. Noise pollution can be generated by airplanes, helicopters and motor vechicles as
well as (valamint) human activities such as (úgymint) sporting events, concerts, construction or demolition. For
example I want to buy a house near Budapest. I looked at a house in Vecsés, but Vecsés is next to the airport
and because of (valami miatt) that it is terribly (rettentő) noisy.
2) How does noise pollution affect (befolyásolni) humans and animals in your region?
I live in a smaller city where noise pollution is not particularly (nem kimondottan) disruptive (bomlasztó). In my
town it is mainly (főként) caused by heavy traffic in mornings and afternoons and constant road works
especially (különösen) in summer. Fortunately, there are no open-air concerts and festivals in Gyömrő. My
home is located a small street near the main street. And the noise of the traffic and roadworks rarely (ritkán)
impedes (akadályozza) my life and don’t causes mental stress for me not when the windows are open on I’m
outside in the yard. We are in lucky position because this small noise pollution not affect the animals here.
We hear the chirping of birds (madarak csicsergése) in the spring, we feed them in the winter, they live here
with us in the town. There is a forest behind our house, if we are quiet enough, you can see the deer.
3) What is light pollution?
Light pollution is the brightening of the night sky by the use of improper (helytelen, nem megfelelő) lighting
especially by cities that run lights all night long. It can be caused by extra, unnecessary lights around the
home or street lamps that shine light in all directions, instead of pointing light downwards the street. For
example, I don’t understand why the chain bridge is lit (megvilágított) all night when no one is on the street.
When there was a curfew (kijárási tilalom) after 8 pm because of the covid-19, it was still lit all night. I think it
causes light pollution and is not economical (gazdaságos).
4) What are the negative consequences (következmények) of light pollution?
Lighting pollution not only inhibits (gátolni) they visibility (láthatóság) of starts and planets but it may (talán)
also affect human health and sleep cycles. Excessive (túlzott) light on the retina causes discomfort to the eyes
especially during the night. Bright light strains (megerőltetni) the eyes and also causes headaches and
migraine. Light pollution is also a waste (pazarlás)of energy because street lamps generally (általában) use
more energy by shining more light up instead of (ahelyett) down. In this way brighter bulbs (izzó) are needed
for the same (ugyanannyi, azonos) amount (összeg) of light. Light pollution is not good for wildlife (élővilág).
Continuous (folyamatos, állandó) lighting confuses (összezavarni) the biorhythms of plants and animals and they
cannot distinguish (megkülönböztetni) night from day.
5) Is there light pollution where you live? If yes, what is it caused by? If not, can you think of some
famous cities? How are they affected (érintett) by light pollution?
My town is not especially affected by light pollution but unfortunately an increasing number of world’s
leading cities want to have an unique (egyedi) identity (identitás) by lighting important landmarks (tereptrágyak,
nevezetességek) to create inspiring visual experiences. For example Budapest, Szeged or all big city in
Hungary.
6) What is visual pollution?
Visual pollution is what we call anything unattractive or visually damaging to the nearby landscape. Visual
environmental pollution van be annoying, ugly or even depressing. You can see a lot of them in Budapest
for example graffities on underpasses (aluljáró) or rubbish (and everything else) on Deák Ferenc square on
Sunday morning after a busy Saturday night.
7) Is there visual pollution where you live?
Visual pollution is not a such (ilyen) a big problem in my town. Although (habár) there are some abandoned
houses and junkyards (ócska udvarok) there are no skyscrapers or panel houses that block the natural view.
Graffiti or carving (faragás) on trees, rocks or other natural features is not a frequent (gyakori) here as in big
cities or tourist resorts (üdülő). If I think about it more, there is a lot of graffiti at the train station, but I don't
know anything else in Gyömrő. However, I’m strongly against billboards (óriás plakátok), which should be
banned in cities, for many reasons. Especially before general (általános) and local elections (választások) they
are erected (felállított) all over the town, many of them illegally and it takes a lot of time to have them
removed.

DEBATE
Making the child do household chores (házimunka) is the best punishment tool.
You will have a conversation with your examiner about the above statement. Give your opinion and argue
for or against the proposition (javaslat). Your examiner sometimes contradict (ellentmond). React to the
counter-arguments (ellenérv) of your examiner, too. You have 30 seconds to think you points over.
The following points may help you:
 misbehaving (rossz viselkedés)
 teaching responsibility
 overburdening children
 voluntary housework
Arguments
Pros Cons
Being forced to (kényszerít) do housework can make Taking away misbehaving children’s smart phones
misbehaving children reconsider (átgondolni) and is a much more effective (hatékony) way of
change their bad behaviour in the future. punishment.
Sine the cleanliness (tisztaság) and order of the
Obligatory (kötelező) housework will end up (végül)
household have to be maintained (fenntartott)
making the kids even more rebellious (lázadó) than
anyway, making the children participate (részt venni)
before.
in the cleaning routines will help the parents.
Explaining (elmagyarázni) to children your
Doing tiresome (fárasztó) and boring housework
expectations (elvárások) and the possible negative
instead of (ahelyett, helyette) surfing the net or gaming
consequences of their mischief (baj), can work
can teach misbehaving children a good lesson.
better than punishing them with housework.
Children are already overburdened by doing their
By being forced to help around the house, children
best at school, rushing (rohanni) to the training
will get used to (megszokni) do it. What begins as a
lessons or taking part in extracurricular (tanórán
punishment, might develop into an important habit.
kívüli) activities after school.
Making the children do the housework by force
In the course of (valami során) the punishment,
might lead to them hating this type of work in the
children will learn to work with various utensils
future. It is better if children take their share
(felszerelés), appliances (készülékek) and products.
voluntarily.
Being punished with housework will teach children Children might not be able to handle (kezelni) some
that every bad decision they make and the types of housework because they are too young or
following actions from it have consequences in life. too awkward (kínos). They might not even
 understand the meaning of the punishment then.

S: I disagree with the statement, because much more effective ways to punish children who misbehave. In
my opinion housework should not be a punishment, but let it be something that the child learns because it’s
necessary for life. I think taking away their smart phones is a better type of punishment but the thuth is the
deep talk and a lot of patience helps children to understand their misbehaviour and do it better next time.
E: I see what you mean but, in some cases (esetek), it may not be enough. Having to do the housework can
make them reconsider and change their bad behaviour in the future.
S: I see. The truth is the cleaning helps me to reorganize my thoughts. So, when I depressed or sad about
something I like cleaning the house. Maybe this action helps children to think about what they do wrong.
But I’m afraid it will end up making the kids even more rebellious than before. Explaining to them your
expectations and the possible negative consequences of their mischief can work better than punishing them,
especially with housework.
E: I see your point, but since the cleanliness and order of the household have to be maintained away, making
the children participate in the daily or weekly cleaning routines will definitely (egyértelműen) help the parents
and also teach misbehaving children a good lesson.
S: That is true, but before burdening the children with household chores, parents should think over how
overburdened their child might already (már) be. Just think of the everyday stress of doing your best at
school, rushing to the training session (foglalkozás) or taking part in extracurricular activities after school.
E: I see your point, but by helping around the house, even without wanting, the child will get used to do it.
What begins as a punishment, might develop into an important habit.
S: You are wrong there, because in this way parents burden the mind of the child with negative experiences.
Making the children do something by force might lead to them hating this type of work in the future. It is a
better idea to make the children understand the importance of housework and encourage (ösztönözni) them to
take their share voluntarily.
E: I’m afraid it doesn’t work this way. Moreover (ráadásul), in the course of the punishment the kid will learn
to work with various utensils, appliances, and products. For instance (például) if a girl is punished with
ironing the clothes, she might not like it but she will definitely remember how to use the iron.
S: I see, but some children might not be able to handle the cleaning, the washing or some other type of
household task because they are too young or too awkward. They might not even understand the meaning of
the punishment then. In most cases it would be better and more productive to think of some other way teach
the kid a lesson.
E: I see what you mean, but I still think that being punished with housework will teach children that every
bad decision they make and the following actions from it have consequences in life.

INDIVIDUAL LONG TURN

These pictures show different substance addictions (szerfüggőségek). Look at the pictures and speak about the
possible causes and consequences of smoking, drinking alcohol, taking drugs and compulsive (kényszeres)
eating. When you have finished talking, the examiner may ask you a few questions.
Smoking, drinking alcohol, taking drugs and compulsive eating are the most common (gyakori) substance
addictions. Despite (annak/ennek ellenére) the fact that tobacco causes serious chronic diseases to both smokers
and passive smokers and it is responsibe for the death of millions each year all over the world, smoking is
still widespread (széles körben elterjedt). Smokers often start the habit in their teens when the urge (sürgetni) to fit
in (beilleszkedni) is enormous (hatalmas). Teenagers don’t want to be viewed as a weirdo (különc) who won’t try
new things that friends, classmates or role-models (példaképek) are doing. Smoking is also seen as a risky
behaviour, which is very appealing (vonzó) to many young people who want to challenge parental authority
(szülői iránytás) and boring school rules. Many people use the cigarette as a kind of medicine or consolation
(vigasz). They believe that smoking helps them become calmer or concentrate better. Fortunately, the number
of smokers has been decreasing since smoking was made illegal in public places, including offices,
nightclubs, restaurants and pubs. It also helps that cigarettes can no longer be advertised. In my experience,
it’s easier to get used to a cigarette than to quit. When I was a teenager, I smoke a lot for the reasons given
but I quit it 3 years ago. It wasn’t easy except on the first week. When I felt the need to smoke, I went to run.
Not only I did quit smoking, but I also lost 5 kilograms. It was one of the best decision of my life.
Alcoholism is a disease that affects people from all walks (minden területről) of life. Psychological, genetic,
and behavioural factors can contribute (hozzájárul) to having disease. Alcohol addiction can easily develop,
since alcohol is widely (széles körben) available and accepted in western societies (társadalmak). It’s often at the
centre of social situations and closely (szorosan) linked (összekapcsolva) to celebrations and enjoyment (élvezet).
Moreover, may people value (érték) drinking alcohol because it helps to alleviate (enyhteni) their netagive
feelings and removes, at least temporarily the steress of anxiety (szorongás). Alcohol can change mood and
behaviour, and make it harder to think clearly and move with coordination. Drinking a lot can cause
irregular (szabálytalan) heartbeat, high blood pressure or stroke. It can also damage the liver weaken (gyengyül)
the immune system and cause cancer. Quitting alcohol is not easy due to (következtében) the severe (szigorú)
withdrawal symptoms (elvonási tünetek). I don’t like drinking because alcohol can change the mood and not
always in the right direction. My family is constantly drinking in the countryside when we are together,
especially brandy. And the boys in my family have a beer in the summer. In the New Year’s Eve, I drink
champagne once time in the year. There is a Hungarian proverb what is true in my opinion: alcohol kills,
fools and decides misery (szenvedés, nyomor).
Drug addiction is a disease that affects the brain and behaviour. Drug addicts can’t resist the urge to use
certain (bizonyos) substances no matter how much harm the drugs may cause. It isn’t just a question of street
drugs as well. People can become addicted to drugs because they are usually effective in relieving
(megkönnyebbülés) pain and getting rid (megszabadulni) of reality. Fortunately, I haven’t experience with drugs.
But I see the drug is expensive and not just rich people buy it. Many times, the poor people buy something
which is cheaper and they know nothing about it. When I lived on Kőbánya I went across the Hős street
every day by bus. Every day there were people standing on the side of the road who looked like zombies.
Food can also affect brain chemistry in ways (módon) that might lead to (vezet) an addiction. People who
compulsively (kényszeresen) overeat may use food as a way of coping (megküzdés) with negative emotions, as a
stress reliever or as a means of (valamit jelent) comfort when they are depressed. As a result, they often feel
that their eating is out of control. They think about food all the time and feel guilty, ashamed (megszégyenülve),
or depressed after eating. Compulsive eating is one of the main reason for obesity. I think there is another
problem, the sweetness addiction. For example, the chocolate includes happiness hormone, because of this
many people, especially girls eat a lot of sweetness when they are in a bad mood. A lot of sweets cause
obesity and ruin the teeth. By the way I love sweets!
Questions
1) What substance addictions have you heard of?
Fortunately, I encountered (találkozni) few addictions. In addition to the above (az említetteken kívül) I know
coffee addicted people or illegal drug addicted people. There are women who eat cotton wool to keep
themselves slim.
2) How and why does smoking develop in most cases?
Smoking is very appealing (vonzó) to many young people who want to challenge parental authority (szülői
iránytás) and boring school rules. Teenagers don’t want to be viewed as a weirdo (különc) who won’t try new
things that friends, classmates or role-models (példaképek) are doing. The consequences of smoking cannot be
felt immediately (azonnal). It takes years for a disease to develop. Many people don’t even think they can be
sick. That’s why a lot of people don’t quit or they afraid of obesity because they will eat instead of
cigarettes.
3) What do you know about regulation (szabályzás) of smoking and its effect (hatás)?
In Hungary, smoking is prohibited (tiltott) in closed public spaces, at stops and train stations. As a result
(valaminek az eredményeképp) of the regulation, non-smokers are not exposed (kitenni valaminek) to passive
smoking. I didn’t like to smell cigarettes in the restaurant or pub. I don’t think these rules are hard to follow,
but it’s much better for non-smokers.
4) Why do many people abuse (visszaélés) alcohol?
I think the alcohol is the easy way to run away from the daily problems. Alcohol can change you bad mood,
If you drunk you feel yourself stronger, better, smarter and I think these features are attractive for people.
5) What are the most common consequences of alcoholism?
First of all, you lose the control of your life. After that you lose your friends and family because they want to
help you but you don’t want to help yourself. Drinking a lot can cause irregular (szabálytalan) heartbeat, high
blood pressure or stroke. It can also damage the liver weaken (gyengyül) the immune system and cause cancer.
And eventually (végül) you can die in it.
6) What do you know about drug addiction?
Drug abuse means the repeated and excessive (túlzott) use of chemical substances to achieve a certain effect.
No matter whether (hogy) these substances are illegal drugs, usually called street drugs, or drugs prescribed
(előírt) by doctors, they are really dangerous. When the compelling (kényszerít) urge to use drugs becomes
more and more powerful, the addition disrupts (megzavarja) works, relationships, and health. Nowadays you
can often read and hear about so-called (úgynevezett) club drugs, which are, unfortunately, especially popular
with the young.
7) What is compulsive eating and what are its consequences?
Food can also affect brain chemistry in ways (módon) that might lead to (vezet) an addiction. People who
compulsively (kényszeresen) overeat may use food as a way of coping (megküzdés) with negative emotions, as a
stress reliever or as a means of (valamit jelent) comfort when they are depressed. As a result, they often feel
that their eating is out of control. They think about food all the time abd feel guilty, ashamed (megszégyenülve),
or depressed after eating. Compulsive eating is one of the main reason for obesity.