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Wave Amplitude Explained

1. This chapter describes properties of waves including speed, amplitude, frequency, wavelength, and the differences between transverse and longitudinal waves. 2. Key wave properties are defined, including peak, trough, amplitude, wavelength, frequency, speed, and the relationship between wavelength, frequency, and speed. 3. Wave phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and diffraction are explained using models like the ripple tank and examples of their effects are given.

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53 views42 pages

Wave Amplitude Explained

1. This chapter describes properties of waves including speed, amplitude, frequency, wavelength, and the differences between transverse and longitudinal waves. 2. Key wave properties are defined, including peak, trough, amplitude, wavelength, frequency, speed, and the relationship between wavelength, frequency, and speed. 3. Wave phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and diffraction are explained using models like the ripple tank and examples of their effects are given.

Uploaded by

farhanasikder123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

RECAP !

RECAP !
Chapter 14
Properties of waves
LOs

1. Describe wave using – speed,


amplitude, frequency &
wavelength
2. Differences between transverse
& longitudinal
3. Wave speed calculation
4. Describe reflection, refraction &
diffraction
14.1 Describing waves
• Physicists use a model (ripple tank) to describe light, sound
& electromagnetic radiation.
Describing waves

• Peak – the number of waves passing a point each second. The highest point above the rest position.
• Trough – the lowest point below the rest position.
• Amplitude – the maximum displacement (distance) of a point of a wave from its rest position.
• Wavelength – distance covered by a full cycle of the wave. Usually measured from peak to peak, or
trough to trough. Unit - meter
• Frequency – the number of waves passing a point each second. Hertz (Hz)
• Speed – measured as m/s
Wavelength and amplitude
Frequency & period
Wave period (frequency)

Frequency = 1/period
Waves & energy
Wave speed – speed at which wave travels
The speed at which energy is transferred from place to
place

Light & infrared waves Loudspeaker – Water waves – carry Earthquake


sound waves energy
Visualising
Transverse & longitudinal waves
Longitudinal waves
• Vibrations are parallel to the
direction of wave travel.
• Longitudinal waves show areas
of compression and rarefaction:
• compressions
• regions of high pressure
• particles being close together
• rarefactions
• regions of low pressure
• particles being spread further apart

• Examples
• sound waves
• ultrasound waves
• seismic P-waves
Transverse waves

• Up & down or side to side


oscillations
• Travel in a direction perpendicular
to the direction of vibrations
• Examples
• Radio waves
• Microwaves
• Infrared rays
• Light
• Ultraviolet rays
• X-rays
• Gamma rays
Check
PG 265
14.2 Speed, Frequency & wavelength
Wave speed
The wave equation
Characteristics of sound waves

• Frequency and pitch


• Sound waves are
caused by vibrations
• Frequency
• Number of oscillations
per second
• Hertz (Hz)

• High notes (high


pitch) low notes (low
pitch)
*When speed changes – wavelength changes
Frequency remains the same
Wavelength affects pitch
Check
14.3 Explaining wave phenomena

• RIPPLE TANK – model for observing waves


• http://www.falstad.com/ripple/
• https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/wave-
interference/latest/wave-interference_all.html
• https://youtu.be/eHXHkDPlfrk?feature=shared
Reflection of ripples
Refraction of ripples

• A glass plate is used to make the water shallow or deep

https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/bending-light/latest/bending-
light_all.html
A
Diffraction

Diffraction of ripples - When wave


spreads out
as it travels
• https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/wave- through a
interference/latest/wave-interference_all.html gap or past
the edge of
an object
When the gap is smaller than
wavelength - wave does not
pass through
Diffraction due to an edge

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