UNIVERSIDAD DE MONTERREY

Calculus

Second Partial Project

Packaged Water Consumption in Recent Years in Italy

Author

San Pedro Garza García, N.L. october 26th, 2022

Introduction:
A recent study showed statistics regarding the annual consumption of packaged water in Italy from
2010 to 2019. In 2010, 10.91 billion liters of packaged water were consumed annually in Italy, this
number increased to 12 billion liters by 2019. That’s a difference of 1.09 billion liters with an overall
positive trend in recent years. The objective of this informative essay is to analyze the different
variables we must have in order to discover the exact tendency, these variables are: the year and the
million liters of water . Also, we will carry a mathematical concept, which is named: the general
equation of any straight line. And we will use Excel and a regular calculator to solve and predict the
packaged water consumption in the years: 2020, 2021 and 2022.

Data:
x y
(dependent variable) (independent variable)
year million liters of water

2010 10,909.2

2011 10,925.6

2012 11,053.8

2013 10,803.3

2014 10,727.2

2015 11,458.5

E2016 11,409.1

2017 12,160.9

2018 11,993.7

2019 12,057.2
The data shows the dependent and independent variable which is highlighted in yellow. The function
is a general equation of any straight line and the mathematical concepts follow the following formula:
y=mx+c.

Procedure:
Model: equation of a straight line, y = mx + c

f(x)=156.93(x)-304779

x=2020 x=2021 x=2022

y= 156.93(2020)-304779 y= 156.93(2021)-304779 y= 156.93(2022)-304779

y= 12,219.6 y= 12,376.53 y= 12,690.39

Using a basic calculator, and Excel we could solve our problem. The black straight line represents the
positive tendency the packaged water consumption has in Italy, this line is a representation of the
polynomial function: f(x)=156.93(x)-304779. The red dot represents the prediction for the next year
2020, which would be: 12,219.9 million liters of water.

Conclusions:
In the procedures we can observe how through the general equation of any straight line the
dependent variable increases as the independent variable, which is the year, advances and
goes forward. Based on this we could have an approximate of the amount of the annual
consumption of packaged water in Italy. Some of our limitations to our investigation were
that since there are results from another country, we could figure out how reliable the
statistics that we found but after looking through more sources we did an average and worked
based on that. Another limitation that we faced is that it was just an approximate, the formula
has a margin of error since there are external variables and factors that may alter the annual
consumption of packaged water such as campaigns of saving water or the increase in
population in the country, etc. We already knew how mathematical modeling worked and
how it could be applied in almost every aspect of our daily life, but we learned how it looks
in a situation when maybe the government or administrations that take care of water usage in
italy want to have an approximate of the consumption statistic, and how to implement this
model is implemented in a fun way.

References:
UNESDA. (October 1, 2020). Annual consumption of packaged water in Italy from 2010 to 2019 (in million
liters) [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved October 26, 2022, from
https://www.statista.com/statistics/620367/packaged-water-consumption-in-italy-annual/