Tutorial 6

Principles of Epidemiology

Q1. In the retirement community, there are 1,000 residents aged 65 and above. You have collected
data from healthcare providers, conducted cognitive assessments, and reviewed medical records.
You have identified 50 residents with a confirmed diagnosis of dementia. Your study has also
gathered demographic information, including age and gender. Please calculate the prevalence of
dementia in this retirement community based on the provided data. Express your answer as a
percentage. Prevalence = (Number of cases with dementia / Total number of residents aged 65 and above) * 100
In this case, you have identi ed 50 residents with dementia, and there are 1,000 residents aged 65 and
above.Prevalence = (50 / 1,000) * 100 = 5%

Q2. Imagine you are a researcher investigating a new infectious disease in a specific region. You
collect data over one year and find the following information: At the beginning of the year, there
were 5,000 individuals in the population. During the year, 200 new cases of the disease were
reported. At the end of the year, 4,500 individuals from the initial population remain without the
Prevalence = (4,800 / 5,000) x 100
disease. Prevalence = (0.96) x 100
Prevalence = 96%
- Calculate the incidence rate of the disease for the given year.

a) 4%
b) 4.5%
c) 4.0 per 1000
d) 0.4%

- Calculate the prevalence of the disease at the end of the year.

a) 5%
b) 4%
c) 4.5%
d) 0.5%

- Which of the following best describes incidence?

a) The total number of cases in a population.

b) The total number of new cases in a population during a specific time period.
c) The total number of deaths in a population.
d) The total number of cases resolved in a population.

- Which of the following best describes prevalence?

a) The total number of cases in a population.

b) The total number of new cases in a population during a specific time period.
c) The total number of deaths in a population.
d) The total number of cases resolved in a population.

Q3. What is the difference between incidence rate and cumulative incidence?
incidence rate considers the rate of new cases over
time, while cumulative incidence measures the
proportion of new cases over a nixed ume perod