Development Of Model Egg Incubation Using Split Unit Air Conditioning System

Muhamad Haziq Fikri Bin Othman1 & Ts Faizal Amin Nur Bin Yunus2
1&2
Faculty of Technical &Vocational Education, UTHM.
haziqfikri028@gmail.com

Abstract

The development of egg incubation chamber using split unit air conditioning give the
breeders to produce eggs in chickens in large quantities without using the chicken hen. This
system is more focused on poultry farming. The objective of this study is to develop an egg
incubator chamber using a split unit air conditioning and determine its functionality. This
study is a product design study. The design of this study was developed based on the ADDIE
model design. Development begins with the design process, component material splitting,
assembly, testing, finishing and evaluation. In order to ensure that the machine developed
achieves the objective, the researcher has selected three individuals for skilled and
experienced in the field of HVAC and poultry farming as an expert in the evaluation process.
It involves three main aspects of the suitability of the design, functionality, and suitability of
the model for the actual product. Evaluation is based on the model developed using the
questionnaire. As a result of the analyzed analysis findings, the 8 have hatch from 30 eggs.
Besides that researchers found that assessors provided positive feedback and constructive
comments for future improvements. Overall, it can be concluded that the objectives and
questions of the study are achieved based on the data and feedback from the experts. The
conclusion that the incubation of egg incubation chamber using split unit air conditioning
units can provide ideas and concepts to the outside industry in producing products that they
want to market or commercialize
Keywords: ADDIE, HVAC

Introduction
Farming is an important area for humans as it is a source of protein in human daily lives
(Fauziah 2002). This animal was initially acquired by humans by hunting in the jungle. But
after the efforts to preserve nature, some wild animals have become pets, and hunting
activities in the woods are no longer done after these animals are naturally reared by breeders.
The farming sector has its own interests and benefits among them is to generate a lucrative
source of income, as well as it can provide job opportunities to unemployed who want to
venture into this field. In addition, livestock farming can also reduce import goods from
foreign countries and increase exports so that the economy can be improved. In a study
conducted by Salleh (2010), the progress of a field cannot be separated from the progress of
the field research. In this statement it is clear that the field of rearing is one of the important
factors for the development of a country to develop. The livestock sector to the country's
economy is relatively small, but it has been increasing over the years and is a key industry in
the development of state agriculture especially in Malaysia (Aliah N. A & Hifzan 2015). The
incubator technology in animal husbandry has become a major concern in the field of
livestock breeding it is designed to replace the incubation process by the animal heels with
which it has a temperature control system. Using this temperature control system temperature
and humidity can be controlled by using an incubator machine. Incubators are the best way to
maximize the production of animal farm animals in the fields. Use of Incubators for a long
time, in accordance with Boleli's (2016) process. In summary the incubator allows us not to
rely entirely on the mother to hatch the egg

Problem Statement
The result of the discussion in the background of the problem described, this study was
conducted to develop incubation chamber products aimed at addressing the problem of
incubation of chicken eggs. Among the sources identified is the existing product does not use
a combination of cooling systems in the design of the product that has been designed. For
example, designs that use a lightbulb machine depend on only the bulb power of the bulb and
have no other function. In addition, the Heater type incubator chamber that uses the heating
device is not suitable for use as the temperature in the heating box will rise rapidly. However,
the temperature will be even as it has a fan blowing. The disruption of this type of Automatic
Heater (Heater) chamber is the use of too much electricity. The most compact heating need
200w of electricity (one circle). Additionally it is used for large capacity only.
The temperature control system is important for conducting this study, which is maintained at
35ºC to 40ºC, as the main focus of the study. Temperature control using thermostat is
intended to control the temperature in the chamber. With this temperature adjusted perfectly
without worrying about overheating Existing products are also scarce in some places because
such products are rarely marketed and their usage is very limited. Thus a study was
conducted to produce egg incubation chamber products using the system split air conditioner.
Literature Reviews
In a study conducted by Tapsir, et al, (2008), hatching of eggs can be done in two ways that
are conventional and artificial. Artificial hatching is done through naturally occurring process
by using a parent hen while artificial hatching is done by humans using hatcheries. The
working principle of the hatchery is to condition the egg as it is in the master curing. Eggs in
the machine also undergo a curing process for 21 days. Temperature stability is done with a
thermostat that has been installed on a machine called thermostat, which works automatically
to determine the temperature conditions by using the thermometer. Egg reversals, ventilation
and air humidity arrangements are arranged in such a way that the actual curing conditions
are created

Research Objective
The main objective of this product is:
i. Designing chicken egg incubation chamber using split unit air conditioning.
ii. Develop a chicken egg incubator chamber using a split unit air conditioning
iii. Determine the functionality of the chicken egg incubation chamber using split unit air
conditioning the based on temperature, and air humidity

Purpose of Study
The purpose of this study was to develops a egg incubator chamber product using separate
type air conditioning system. It can provide the chickens to the chickens to save their time
and not have to wait for a chick to set up chicken eggs and easy to handle.

Block Diagram
Function block diagram is also to give a actual situation of how this project works. This tool
consists of several parts input, process and output. Figure 1 shows the overall block diagram
for this project.

REBAN
KEBUK
AYAM
 Figure 1 : Block Diagram

When the unit is switched on,

the compressor will operate and
compress the coolant to pressure
the coolant. Subsequently, the refrigerant flows into the condenser where another pipe is
designed through a chicken egg incubator box. the heat removal process takes place with the
help of a fan motor to accelerate heat removal. Subsequently, the coolant will flow to the
metering device before entering the evaporator. The purpose of the metering device is to
control the flow of the refrigerant and lower the pressure of the incoming refrigerant into the
evaporator. For heating systems, they operate automatically. This system is controlled by
thermostat. It operates as a tool for controlling the temperature in the chicken box. If the
temperature is reached at the set level, the incubation chamber will function as desired. With
eliwell digital thermostat the temperature can be controlled precisely and perfectly

Methodology
After some studies conducted, researchers have chosen to use the design model in the ADDIE
process developing this project. This is because, this ADDIE design model is a model that is
suitable for developing products based on product based. Table 1 show the step has been
done on develop
this project.
 Table 1: ADDIE design model (Aris, 2001)

Product Design
These initial ideas are grouped and incorporated into the morphological charts to be
generated and then combined to be the best product design. After this initial idea was made a
researcher had made a morphological chart to combine this initial idea into a desired product
design.The model to be developed by researchers has been designed using Solidwork
software. The paintings done by the researchers will be 3D-shaped with dimension
measurements on each part of the model. The diagram below is an early painting of the
model that has been made by the researcher after conducting the design concept design and
evaluation of technical specifications. Actual drawing will be carried out by researchers in the
form of orthographic and isometric, and will be placed in the next chapter of the product
design. The measurement unit for the sketches made by the researcher is in the millimeter
unit.
 Figure 2 : Isometric Drawing

Results
This section will discuss the result from this study.

i. Temperature analysis and air humidity against time

Temperature analysis and air humidity against this time can be made after the egg
incubation chamber and the separable air conditioning unit are functioning and
operating well. The data taken is from the number of eggs placed in the chamber.
Temperature analysis is made to ensure the designed model works perfectly. The
analysis was done after the charging process using pressure and ampere readings. Air
humidity is taken when making the first analysis during the new switch being
switched. The time taken during the first analysis during the new system switch is
switched to reach 40 ℃ at the capacity of 30 eggs already laid
 Table 2: Result of temperature analysis and air humidity against time
Time % Air Incubation
(Miniteus) Humidity Temperature℃
2 86 18℃
4 84 24℃
6 80 27℃
8 78 30℃
10 75 35℃
12 73 40℃
15 70 45℃

Based on the above table, air humidity is interconnected with the temperature
that has been taken. It can be summarized as the lower the value of the temperature
taken is higher the value of the required air humidity, but it also depends on the water
vapor in the air To achieve the desired incubation temperature of 40 ℃ and air
humidity by 85%. The capacity of the egg is 30 times the maximum capacity of the
incubation chamber. The temperature of the incubation chamber before the heated
system is 18 ℃ and when the system is switched on the temperature increases and at
one point it will reach the desired temperature of 40 ℃. Air humidity will also change
depending on the water vapor in the air. At 18 ℃ air humidity is 86% at 24 ℃, 27 ℃,
30 ℃ and 35 ℃ air humidity is about 70% up to 85%. The desired temperature is 40
℃ until 45 ℃ air humidity is about 80 to 90%.

ii. Time analysis for hatching eggs

For this section researchers have experimented for a cycle of chicken hatching
process. Experiment was done using 30 eggs for this trial. The main switch is opened
and set a temperature of 30 ℃ up to 40 ℃ ie temperature for incubation for chicken
eggs. Additionally a container containing water is placed below to keep the air
humidity in the incubation chamber. Before the incubation, this egg was examined by
doing a light shine so that the eggs that had been incised did not occur when it was
hatching. Sometimes the eggs are not seeded, then the eggs can be removed or
isolated from the incubation process. Table 3 shows the experimental analysis done by
the researchers for the time to hatch the chicken eggs.
 Table 3: Time analysis for percentage of egg fertilization
Day Percentage of fertilization Notes
2 5%
4 10% 2 eggs were damaged
6 20%
8 35% 5 eggs were damaged
10 40%
12 50% 8 eggs were damaged
14 60%
16 70%
18 85% 7 eggs were damaged
19 100%

Based on the table 5.4 shown can be seen on the 2nd day of the 19th egg
incubation process as normal. The real time for egg incubation process is as long as
21 days but in this study the researchers face the limitation of time study into a major
problem in producing the perfect egg incubation. Although the incubation process is
performed for 19 days the egg produced to be a chick is done well without any
problems. A total of 30 eggs were placed in the incubation chamber for hatching but
as many as 8 tees were successfully hatched into chicks. On the 4th day, 2 eggs were
removed because the quality of the egg to produce chicks did not reach the desired
specifications. It continues on day 8 where 5 pua eggs are removed. On the 12th day,
8 eggs were removed for the same time. One egg hatch full of 7 eggs was removed
because it broke itself because the fetus had died. The average number of eggs
damaged was 22 seeds and 8 eggs had undergone the desired egg incubation process

iii. Expert and user validation

The validation was made by two experts who is the lecturer of Faculty of Technical
and Vocational Education FPTV, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) and
farming manager. The validation that has been done base on the objective. All set
objectives are successfuy achieved by researchers. However, there are some and the
need to do this model as result of expert advice.
 iv. Final product

Figure 3 : Final Product

Discussions
The researcher developed egg incubation chamber using split-type air-conditioning unit to be used for
breeders in order to produce high quality hatched eggs. In addition, the development of this model
also provides the concepts and ideas to the industry so that such models can be commercially in the
future . As such, the overall aspect of the discussion in this chapter is to be a guideline for future
researchers to make improvements to the model that has been built. The findings from the
questionnaires were approved by the experts on the design aspect of egg incubation chambers
developed. Based on the analysis findings, experts have agreed that the designs are portable and easy
to operate. The findings of an analysis of an expert questionnaire form, experts say the egg incubation
chamber using separation type air conditioning works well as a whole. All the experts agree that the
eggs that are roasted can be heated at specified temperature and humidity. The specialist also agrees
that the electronic components used work well to make the machine safe to us.

Conclusions
In conclusion, the objective of developing the egg incubation chamber using a separate air-
conditioning unit was achieved and was able to answer the questions raised in this study. It
was also found that three aspects were the suitability of model design, product fitability, and
functionality aspect identified through the questionnaire analysis conducted. Overall this
model works well to produce the desired temperature but so to do the actual incubation
process needs to be re-tested because the components to be used to go through this process
require a high cost to be developed. But after passing the rating of three experts in the field of
cooling and air conditioning some of the improvements that need to be made in the future to
produce a model can work well and attract. Researchers hope that by developing egg
incubator chambers using this kind of air-conditioning, it can give industry-minded ideas and
ideas to produce a good product and can be commercialized in the future.

References
Aris. B. (2001). Fakulti Pendidikan Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.

Boleli IC, Morita VS, Matos Jr, Thimotheo M, Almeida VR (2016), Poultry Egg Incubation :
Integrating and Optimizing Production Effeiciency, Brazilian Journal of Poultry
Science, ISSN 1516-635X Oct-Dec 2016.

Fauziah, E. 2002. Ke Arah Pembangunan Industri Unggas yang Mampan dan Mesra Alam.
Kertas Kerja Seminar Unggas. Jabatan Perkhidmatan Haiwan, Pontian, Johor

Saleh, Abdul. (2010). Kajian Sebaran Topik Penelitian Bidang Peternakan Yang Dimuat Di
Jurnal Ilmiah “MEDIA PETERNAKAN”. 10.

Tapsir, S. dan Sarmin, S. (2008). Ekonomi pengeluaran dan pemasaran. Dalam: Panduan
Penternakan ayam pedaging, Ed. ke-2 , m.s. 80-90. Serdang: MARDI.