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Apportionment and Voting Methods Guide

This document discusses different methods of apportionment and voting. It describes the Hamilton method of apportionment, which uses a divisor to initially allocate whole seats to states based on population quotients, with leftover decimal amounts determining where additional surplus seats are allocated. It also outlines majority voting, which requires over 50% of votes, and plurality voting, where the candidate with the most votes wins and ties are resolved through run-off elections. The document provides an example application of the Hamilton method to allocate 20 seats across 4 states based on population size.

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93 views11 pages

Apportionment and Voting Methods Guide

This document discusses different methods of apportionment and voting. It describes the Hamilton method of apportionment, which uses a divisor to initially allocate whole seats to states based on population quotients, with leftover decimal amounts determining where additional surplus seats are allocated. It also outlines majority voting, which requires over 50% of votes, and plurality voting, where the candidate with the most votes wins and ties are resolved through run-off elections. The document provides an example application of the Hamilton method to allocate 20 seats across 4 states based on population size.

Uploaded by

untalanchyon1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Week 17

A pportionment
M ethod
Mr. Armando U. Miranda Jr., MATM 111 Instructor
Methods of Apportionment
What is Apportionment?
This refers to equal proportion. It is a method of dividing a whole into various parts. It
also means that the numbers of representative (the seat) is proportion to the population size
being represented.

What are the methods of apportionment?

The Apportionment Huntington-Hill


The Hamilton Plan The Jefferson Plan
Principle Apportioned method
Hamilton Method
The Hamilton Method
This is also known as the Vinton Method. This method sets the
divisor as the proportion of the total population per house seat.
After each state’s population is divided by the divisor, the whole
number of the quotient is kept and the fraction dropped. This will
result in surplus house seats. The first surplus seat is assigned to the
state with the largest fraction after the original division. The next is
assigned to the state with the second-largest fraction and so on.
Hamilton Method
Let’s take an example!
Given 4 states A, B, C, and D with their respective population indicated in the table below,
determine the number of seats to be allocated to each state if there are 20 seats available in the
House of Representatives.
State Population Quotient First Allocation Left Over Seats Apportioned STEP 1: Set the divisor by (a)
of Seats Decimal (Final) adding the population of all states,
and (b) dividing the sum by the
A 2871 no. of seats.

B 3456
2871+3456+1012+5214 = 12 553
C 1012
12553/20 = 627.65
D 5214
Total Seats = 20 seats
Hamilton Method
Let’s take an example!
State Population Quotient First Left Over Seats STEP 2: Divide each population by
Allocation Decimal Apportione the divisor 627.65 and determine
the first allocation of seats.
of Seats d (Final)
Example:
A 2871 2871/627.65=4.58 4
State A – 2871/627.65 = 4.57
B 3456 3456/627.65=5.51 5 (rounded off to two decimal
C 1012 1012/627.65=1.61 1 places)

5214/627.65=8.31 8 Take the whole number part as the


D 5214 no. of first allocated seats. In this
Total Seats = 20 seats example it is 4.
Hamilton Method
Let’s take an example!
State Population Quotient First Left Over Seats STEP 3: Sum up all first allocated seats
and subtract the sum from the total
Allocation Decimal Apportioned available seats.
of Seats (Final)
Solution:
A 2871 2871/627.65=4.57 4 0.57 5 20 – (4+5+1+8) = 20 – 18 = 2
B 3456 3456/627.65=5.51 5 0.51 5 This means that there are 2 seats left.
C 1012 1012/627.65=1.61 1 0.61 2 STEP 4: Determine to which state/s the
5214/627.65=8.31 8 0.31 8 surplus seats is/are to be allocated. To do
D 5214 this, check the left over decimal of the
quotient and find out which one/s is/are
Total Seats = 20 seats the highest. In this example, the two
highest are 0.61 and 0.57.
This implies that each of the remaining
seats is to be allocated to states A and C.
Voting Methods
Voting is a powerful tool
in decision making.

It is a method that uses


votes to determine the
winner.
Voting Methods

Majority Voting PLURALITY METHOD


Majority Vote: over 50 % of the  Each voter votes for one candidate,
people voting must vote for the and the candidate with the most
votes wins.
candidate
 In-case of ties, voting should be
done using the run-off election.
Examples:

Which among the four candidates won


(a) by Majority (b) by Plurality By Majority – no one wins
By Plurality – B wins
Examples:
- End of discussion -

D o you have
any questions?

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