CLARIANES, ARIANNE GAILE M.

5 BS ARCHITECTURE

Related Literature and Studies Summary Overview of the reviewed sources (Related Literature)

Authors Country Purpose Type of Source Summary points

Esteban, M., Philippines To provide and highlight International One journal published in the
Ishigaki, T., the insight into the Academic Journal International Journal of
Itakura, H., effectiveness of typhoon- Article Disaster Risk Reduction,
& resilient evacuation centers titled "Assessing the
Sandoval, and emphasize the effectiveness of typhoon
S. (2017) importance of resilient evacuation centers
designing them to be in the Philippines,"
resilient to disasters. conducted a case study in
the Philippines to evaluate
the performance of
evacuation centers during
Typhoon Haiyan in 2013.
The study found that
typhoon-resilient evacuation
centers, which were
designed with reinforced
concrete and elevated above
the ground, performed
significantly better than
traditional evacuation
centers in terms of safety,
accessibility, and
functionality.

Lutero, N. Philippines To emphasize the Journal of Civil The study highlighted the
A. C., importance of resilient Engineering and need for structures to be
Berdos, B. design in ensuring the Architecture, 11(11), designed to withstand severe
P. F., safety and protection of 1287-1295. typhoon winds and the
& communities during importance of
Ramos, L. typhoons. The study Appropriate site selection,
F. (2017) provides valuable elevation, and orientation to
information for those ensure resilience. (Lutero et
involved in disaster al., 2017).
preparedness and response
efforts in typhoon-prone
areas.

UNDRR. Geneva, To provide an United Nations The report highlighted the

(2019) Switzerland overview of the new Office for need for evacuation
 the standard building that DisasterRisk centers to be designed with
is friendly and accessible Reduction appropriate
to people with building materials, adequate
disabilities. And to ventilation, and accessibility
highlight the for people with disabilities
importance of designing (UNDRR, 2019)
evacuation centers that
meet the needs of
evacuees and promote
their safety and well-
being during disasters.
The report provides
valuable information for
policymakers, disaster
managers, and architects
involved in designing and
constructing evacuation
centers in disaster-prone
areas.

Overview of the reviewed sources for (Foreign Related Studies)

Authors Country Purpose Type of Summary points

Source
Jae-kyung South Korea To plan the materials Theses This study examines
Park, that is needed for the The design and
Dong-woo development of Construction of
Shin, and typhoon-resilient typhoon-resilient
Seung-Hee Evacuation Centers evacuation centers in
Kanf design strategies for South Korea. The
(2016) the constructions and authors propose
proper site selected Guidelines for the
Construction of such
centers, including the
Use of reinforced
Concrete structures,
raised platforms, and
flood-proofing
measures. Theyalso
Recommend that
evacuation centers by
located in areas that
are not prone to
flooding or landslide

Labarda, C., Del Japan (2017)
Pilar Labarda, M.
Lambaerte, E.E
The purpose of a
responsive local health
system in post-disaster
settings, resilient health
facilities, particularly
hospitals, are essential.
Research This paper examines the
experiences of two public and
private hospitals in Tacloban
City, Philippines, following a
super typhoon. The study focuses
on the impact of Typhoon Haiyan
 This paper examines
the experiences of two
institutions (public and
private) in Tacloban
City, Philippines, in the
aftermath of a super
typhoon and their
respective health
service delivery in such
a setting. with the
design methodology
approach that described
the effects of Typhoon
Haiyan on the capacity
to deliver health
services and the factors
that contributed to the
resilience of the case
hospitals. Lessons
learned from the
hospitals' experiences
were also extracted,
both at the hospital
personnel and
institution levels.
Several resilience
domains were used to
evaluate the
institutions'
preparedness for
disasters. We
conducted key
informant interviews
with stakeholders and
extracted key themes
on disaster resilience.
Wedawatta, South-Western The purpose of Case Study
G., Kulatunga, Bangladesh The development of
U., Amaratunga, effective disaster risk
D. and Parvez, reduction (DRR)
A. (2017), strategies for
communities at risk of
being impacted by
natural disasters is
regarded as essential,
particularly in light of
recent reports of
devastating disaster
events worldwide. As
part of a larger study
investigating
community
perspectives on extant
and prospective
strategies for enhancing
natural disaster
resilience, community
on health services delivery
capacity and the factors affecting
the resilience of the hospitals.
Disaster preparedness scores
were assessed across various
resilience domains. Key
informant interviews were
conducted among stakeholders,
revealing that disaster
preparedness scores varied
among hospitals. The study is
exploratory, with a retrospective
design prone to recall bias. The
use of self-report measures for
hospital resilience needs
validation by more objective
measures. The study highlights
the responsibility of public health
in disasters, the need for
flexibility in disaster
preparedness and planning, the
importance of coordination, and
the need for integration of
disaster preparedness in daily
hospital processes.
The paper investigates the
development of effective disaster
risk reduction (DRR) strategies
for communities at risk of natural
disasters in the Patuakhali region
of South-Western Bangladesh.
Focus group discussions were
held with local community
leaders and policymakers to
gather their perspectives. The
findings revealed that
infrastructure and structural
protection requirements, such as
multi-purpose cyclone shelters,
permanent embankments, and
improved transport infrastructure,
are critical in reducing disaster
risk and reducing the dependence
of coastal communities on these
measures. The research design
aimed to answer research
 perspectives on
infrastructure and
structural protection
requirements were
investigated. This paper
intends to address these
issues.
Overview of the reviewed sources for (Local Related Studies)
Santos, K. Philippines The purpose of t h e
M. M. T., the study is to develop
Regidor,J. design criteria for
R.F,2018) typhoon-resilient. The
purpose of this is to provides
extensive study which
includes the planning and
design modification in order
to make a typhoon-resilient
evacuation center effective
and efficient to the user. The
purpose of this study is to
develop design criteria for
typhoon-resilient evacuation
centers in the Philippines,
taking into account the
country's climate, geography,
and culture. The design
criteria include locally-
sourced materials, natural
ventilation, and solar energy
to ensure the evacuation
centers are sustainable and
resilient in the face of
typhoons.
Uy, F . A. Philippines The purpose of the study is
A. (2019) to explore the use of
Parcon, E. community-based
A., Roguel, approaches to the
J.L., & construction and
Strohmeier, management of typhoon-
A.P. (2018) resilient evacuation centers
in the Philippines. And
recommend the use of green
infrastructure, such as rain
gardens and green roofs, to
mitigate the impact of
typhoon.
questions and inform local
policymakers on community
perspectives, thereby promoting
community engagement in
implementing DRR activities.
The study's findings underscore
the importance of community
involvement in DRR initiatives
and the need for improved
infrastructure and structural
protection measures.
Theses This study investigates
the design of typhoon-
resilientevacuation
centers in the Philippines. The
authors propose a set of design
criteria that takes into account the
country's climate, geography, and
culture. These criteria include the
use of locally-sourced materials,
natural ventilation, and solar
energy. It recommends a further
study on how the concept of a
typhoon resilient building
conforming the analysis of the
needs and preferences for the
affected of the disaster.
Theses The studies conducted by foreign
as well as local researchers are
related and pertinent to the
current investigation. The studies
demonstrate the significance of
pertinent concepts and design for
the proposed typhoon-resistant
evacuation center. More resilient
construction reduces societal
benefits. If a community can
recover from a catastrophe more
quickly, the economic impact on
vital systems such as health care
and education will be diminished.
Importantly, hazard resilience
enables the saving of lives.
typhoon.
 But architects and designers of
this have a different incentive:
keeping construction costs low.
This is why most new
construction projects just meet
codes projects, instead of making
extra investments to weather
disasters well. Builders do not
often consider reconstruction
costs as the money that owners,
insurance agencies, and tax
payers will spend in the future to
recover after the first structure
fails in a storm. “We need to
change how and where we build,
to be ready for a future of more
extreme weather”. T. Reed
Miller, 2016.

Overview of the reviewed sources for Related Structures

Guiuan, T. Eastern The multi-purpose Article The building called the

UNICEF, Samar evacuation center will
Fuji TV provide safe shelter for up
to 350 people if an
emergency hits. It will
also serve as a space for
the community to gather
and socialize during
normal periods. The
building, able to
withstand category 5
winds and magnitude 8
earthquakes, combines
international best
practices in disaster-
resilient design for mass
evacuation centers with
local construction
technologies and locally
available materials. This
will allow the structure to
be replicated at other sites
across the Philippines.
Sirungan ha Guiuan (Shelter of
Guiuan), was designed with
ample lighting to minimize
bullying and gender-based
violence in crowded
emergency situations, as well
as ramps and handrails for
people with disabilities and the
elderly. The design maximizes
natural light and ventilation
and allows space for the
registration and information
sharing needed during mass
evacuations. It also has storage
space for supplies, generators,
and fuel. Importantly for the
humanitarian community, a
dedicated evacuation center is
a better alternative to the
common practice of using
schools as evacuation centres
during emergencies, which can
disrupt schooling for large
numbers of children for
extended periods. At present,
8 disaster-resilient domes
stand in Barangay Busay in
Mercedes which will function
as evacuation centers - not just
for the people of Busay but
also for those in nearby
barangays. They are also
planning to build more domes

Tet Albay The purpose is to Article
Triunfante Legazpi City emphasize the importance
Local Area of integrating gender in
Coordinato disaster risk reduction
r for the (DDR) plans. And have a
PCW- solution for gender-
AECID responsive evacuation
centers, health kit for
women, and livelihood
programs that can sustain
the income generation.
Oro Central Cagayan de Provide a step to facilitate Research
Oro sewerage conveyance and Article
on-site irrigation,
reducing water
consumption on washing,
toilet flushing, gardening,
and other similar uses.
The building will also
have water-efficient
fixtures. Moreover, storm
runoff is mitigated
because uncollected
rainwater is filtered
through plantings and
permeable pavers that will
remove contaminants,
thus decreasing the load
of the city's drainage
system. During disasters,
the rainwater harvesting
system can provide for the
facility's emergency water
requirements for months.
Anticipating the worst in
times of disasters, Oro
soon.
Tet Triunfante, Local Area
Coordinator for the PCW-
AECID, emphasizes the
importance of integrating
gender in disaster risk
reduction (DRR) plans. The
group has proposed solutions
such as gender-responsive
evacuation centers, health kits
for women, and livelihood
programs for sustained income
generation. JICA Emergency
Evacuation Centers are being
considered for integration into
the newly polished DRRM
plans for Albay. Disasters kill
poor people, make them
poorer, and breed more poor
people, making social justice a
fundamental basis of
DRR/CCA. The state's duty is
to save the vulnerable from
disasters and climate change,
with a zero-casualty goal being
a socially desirable goal.
People have the basic right to
adapt, and relief, recovery, and
rehab is state imperatives due
to the socio-economic impacts.
Oro Central will produce its
own renewable energy by way
of Building Integrated
Photovoltaics (BIPVs)
installed sideways in its
southwestern wall, along
Yacapin SOLAR PANELS
Street. Each of the Figure 2.3
Solar Panels 1,069 PV panels
can produce 1 kiloWatt hour
(kWhr) of energy per day - or
a total of 390,185 kWhr per
year. This translates to Php3.9
M revenue every year based on
the Php10/kWhr prevailing
tariff of solar power by the
Energy Regulatory
Commission (ERC). The long-
term plan is to operate Oro
Central independently of the
electric grid in Mindanao. The
building will also have water-
efficient fixtures. Moreover,
storm runoff is mitigated
because uncollected rainwater
 Central is planned as self-
sufficient in terms of food
supply, water supply,
power supply, and
communication facilities,
among others. It will be
the last building standing
in Cagayan de Oro when
disaster strikes.
Taito Ward Karonga Its structure used to
Office District struggle to find a safe
Mwabulambo place whilst ensuring that
Evacuation our children, property and
Center elderly are safe. It is
Northern Part stated that this structure is
of Malawi no stranger to disasters.
As community members
finalize the construction
of the newly built
Mwabulambo Evacuation
Centre in the district, they
speak of their
preparedness as the
community should
disaster strike and how
the Center will make a
difference in peoples'
lives.
Shaw, R. Enhancing Provide a pre-disaster
and the Local preparedness that is
Matsuura, Responses essential for schools to
S. Through play their role effectively.
Disaster This includes developing
Resilient disaster preparedness
Schools in plans, training staff, and
Japan students, and building
is filtered through plantings
and permeable pavers that will
remove contaminants, thus
decreasing the load of the
city's drainage system. During
disasters, the rainwater
harvesting system can provide
for the facility's emergency
water requirements for
months. Anticipating the worst
in times of disasters, Oro
Central is planned as self-
sufficient in terms of food
supply, water supply, power
supply, and communication
facilities, among others. It will
be the last building standing in
Cagayan de Oro when disaster
strikes.
Research The Mwabulambo Evacuation
Article Centre in Karonga district,
Malawi, has been designed to
address the challenges faced
by women during floods. The
center, which has been built in
response to the lack of
evacuation sites in the area,
has been built to accommodate
women and their children. The
center is designed to be a
single, compact structure that
can withstand major storms
and double as both a school
and a community emergency
shelter. The center is built to
accommodate the needs of the
community, who have been
particularly vulnerable during
the recent floods. The center is
designed to provide a safe
space for women, children,
property, and the elderly, and
to ensure the safety of the
community during the ongoing
disasters. The center is
expected to make a significant
difference in people's lives.
Book Schools in Japan play a crucial
Article role in disaster risk reduction
and community bonding. This
chapter explores the
experiences of six cities,
including Kamaishi,
Kesennuma, and Natori, which
were affected by the tsunami.
 relationships with local
communities. the purpose
of this is to help design
and construct multi-
purpose evacuation
centers that are resilient to
typhoons and other
climate-related hazards.
How to use schools as
multi-purpose evacuation
centers in a way that
supports community
resilience and disaster
preparedness. How to
ensure that multi-purpose
evacuation centers are
accessible to all people,
including those with
disabilities and older
adults.
Despite some schools being
destroyed, people spent
significant time in other
schools as evacuees. Pre-
disaster preparedness of
schools and communities
significantly contributed to
this. Saijo, Owase, and Oobu
cities in West Japan
demonstrated preparedness for
future disasters. The chapter
emphasizes that school-
centered disaster preparedness
before a disaster leads to
effective roles during the
disaster and facilitates post-
disaster recovery with schools
as the center.