RULE 17

14) Explain 4 Stages of Collision ( VCD & PDV ) with model . ( PDV & PDV ) with model .
PDV vs PDV
Stage (1) (over 8 miles)
- Both vsls are at long range before ROC exists.
- So, both vsls are free to take any action, sir.

Stage (2) (Approx: 5-8 miles)

- ROC first begins to apply.
- According to Rule 15, this is crossing situation.
- This is give-way vsl. This is stand-on vsl.
- According to Rule 16, the give-way vsl must take early and substantial action to keep well clear.
(Action : Alter course to stbd)
- According to Rule 17 a(i), the stand-on vsl must keep her course and speed,sir.

Stage (3) (2-3 miles)

- When it becomes apparent that the give-way vsl is not taking appropriate action as per COLREG 72 Rules,
- the stand-on vsl must give at least 5 short and rapid blasts warning signal as per Rule 34(d)
and assess the situation carefully.
- According to Rule 17 a(ii), the stand-on vsl may take action by her manoeuvre alone to avoid collision.
- According to Rule 17 (c), in the crossing situation, the stand-on vsl must not alter to port side.
(Action : Alter course to stbd, One round turn & pass astern of give way vsl.)
- According to Rule 17 (d), the give-way vsl is not relieved of her obligation to keep out of
the way,sir.
Stage (4) (<2-3 miles)( 4~5 times ship's length of give-way vsl)
- Distance is so close and collision cannot be avoided by the action of the give-way vsl alone.
- According to Rule 17 (b), the stand-on vsl must take action as will best aid to avoid collision,sir.
(Action : Can alter to either direction / depends on give-way vsl's action)
(Prefer : Alter course to stbd )
VCD vs PDV
Stage (1) (over 5-8 miles)
- Both vsls are at long range (before ROC exists.)
- (So, both vsls are free to take any action, sir.)
- According to Rule 18 (d)(i), PDV must avoid impeding the safe passage of VCD.
- ROC is likely to develop.
- PDV is the vsl not to impede and VCD is the vsl not to be impeded.
- According to Rule 8 (f)(i), PDV must take early action to allow sufficient sea-room for the safe
passage of VCD. (Action : Can alter to either direction, Prefer : Alter course to Stbd)
- According to Rule 34(d), VCD give at least 5 short and rapid blasts on her whistle, supplemented
by light signals and carefuly checked the situation.
(Action : 18 d (ii))

Stage (2) (Approx: 5-8 miles)

- If PDV didn't not take any action, two vessels are approaching and ROC involve.
- According to Rule 8 (f)(ii), PDV is not relieved her obligation of Rule 8(f)(i) and must comply
with Part-B, Steering and Sailing Rules.
- According to Rule 8 (f)(iii), VCD must also comply with Part-B, Steering and Sailing Rules.
- According to Rule 15, this is crossing situation.
- VCD is the give-way vsl. PDV is the stand-on vsl.
- According to Rule 16, VCD must take early and substantial action to keep well clear.
(Action : Reduce speed)
- According to Rule 17 a(i), PDV must keep her course and speed,sir.

Stage (3) (2-3 miles)

- When it becomes apparent that VCD is not taking appropriate action as per COLREG 72 Rules,
- PDV must give at least 5 short and rapid blasts warning signal as per Rule 34(d)
and assess the situation carefully.
- According to Rule 17 a(ii), PDV may take action by her manoeuvre alone to avoid collision.
- According to Rule 17 (c), in the crossing situation, PDV must not alter to port side.
(Action : Alter course to stbd, One round turn & pass astern of VCD)
- According to Rule 17 (d), VCD is not relieved of her obligation to keep out of the way,sir.

Stage (4) (<2-3 miles) ( 4~5 times ship's length of give-way vsl)
- Distance is so close and collision cannot be avoided by the give-way vsl's (VCD) action alone.
- According to Rule 17(b), PDV must take action as will best aid to avoid collision,sir.
(Action : Can alter to either direction / depends on give-way vsl's action)
(Prefer : Alter coures to stbd, One round turn & pass astern of VCD)