Commutative justice, understood as the principle to give to each person that to

which he or she is entitled, according to the rules of the price system, means to
give him or her that to which he or she is entitled, if the price context complies
with its own rules.
Distributive justice refers to the perceived fairness of an allocation or, more
broadly, to how people judge what they receive. It was probably the first type of
justice to gain the attention of organizational justice scholars and continues to
receive wide attention.
Offence
a breach of a law or rule; an illegal act.
Crime
an illegal act for which someone can be punished by the government
Felony
The term “felony” refers to a serious crime for which the defendant can be
sentenced to more than one year in prison. Furthermore, when serving a
sentence for a felony, a person is typically incarcerated in a state or federal
prison, rather than a local or county jail.
Malum in se
is a Latin phrase meaning 'wrong' or 'evil in itself'. The phrase is used to refer
to conduct assessed as sinful or inherently wrong by nature, independent of
regulations governing the conduct.
Malum prohibitum
is a Latin phrase used in law to refer to conduct that constitutes an unlawful
act only by virtue of statute, as opposed to conduct that is evil in
Classical or Juristic Theory – posits that a human person is essentially a moral
creature with an absolute free will to choose between good and evil. It asserts
that one should only be adjudged or held accountable for wrongful acts if free
will appears unimpaired.
Legal positivism is a philosophy of law that emphasizes the conventional
nature of law—that it is socially constructed. According to legal positivism, law
is synonymous with positive norms, that is, norms made by the legislator or
considered as common law or case law.
Eclectic or Mixed Theory – It is a combination of positivist and classical
thinking wherein crimes that are economic and social in nature should be dealt
in a positive manner, thus, the law is. more compassionate.
Law Enforcement Agencies
The Philippine National Police, the National Bureau of Investigation, the
Bureau of Customs, the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency, and the Bureau
of Fire Protection