SCOPE/DIVISIONS/DOMAINS/BRANCHES/UNITS OF

FORENSIC SCIENCE

1) FORENSIC PHYSICS
It analyses building materials like adulterated cement samples, cement sand
proportions, strength of building materials etc. also involves analysis of glass,
sand, soil, paint, dirt etc. It also involves tool and cut marks identification,
restorations of obliterated marks, writings or numbers etc. it also takes cases
related to audio/ video authentication, tape authentication, speaker
recognition.

2) FORENSIC BIOLOGY
The examination Of biological fluids, skeletal remnants, diatoms, hair, seeds,
pollens, maggots, vegetable fibres, wood, plants etc. are undertaken by this
division. Besides, it also helps out the investigating agencies in crime cases
involving rapes and murders on the spot. Further serological examinations
such as grouping Of blood/semen/saliva and DNA typing in criminal and
paternity dispute cases forwarded by Police as well as from Hon'ble Courts is
carried out in this division.

3) FORENSIC SEROLOGY
It is created due to load of ever increasing of serological examination. It is
responsible to find out the species of origin, blood groups, substance,
enzymes, serum, protein etc. Biological material such as milk, urine, sweat
etc.

4) FORENSIC CHEMISTRY
Chemical analysis both qualitative and quantitative, also organic and
inorganic analysis. Analysis of adulterated petroleum, fertilizers, medicines
and burnt remains.

Analysis Of Narcotics Drugs And Psychotropic Substances Also Analyses

Precursor Chemicals Used For Manufacturing Drugs And Psychotropic
Substances ( Ndps)

5) QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS
It involves the analysis of handwriting and type written documents to
ascertain the authenticity of source. Analysis of paper and ink, indentations,
obliterations and erasures . analysis of printers of documents, burnt or charred
documents can also be studied in this division.

6) FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
This unit examines and records physical evidence at the crime scene and at
suspects location. It also involves use of digital imaging, infrared, ultraviolet,
X- ray photography to make invisible information visible to the naked eye.

7) FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY
It examines body fluids and organs in order to determine the presence and
identification of drugs and poisons in the viscera. It also undertakes chemical
analysis of all materials related to suspected poisoning the cells, the stomach
wash, gastric lavage, injection site etc.

8) VOICE PRINT ANALYSIS

This unit is involved in cases of telephonic threats or tape recorded messages.
It also uses digital generated voice print to compare samples. In this unit,
investigators may be able to connect a voice to a particular suspect.

9) FINGERPRINTS
This unit processes and examines evidences for latent fingerprints like on
glass, doorhandles and so on.

10) FORENSIC ENTOMOLOGY

it involves the study of insects and their developmental stages and their
relation to determine the time of death by knowing when those stages
normally appear in the insects life cycle.

11) FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY

It is basically the study of human behaviour and legal proceedings.
Applicable to both civil and criminal cases. Competency often needs to be
determined. Criminal trial, insanity plea, M’Naghten rule, evaluation of
behaviour disorder is often required in order to establish to create
psychological profile of a suspect. lie detectors, brain fingerprintring, narco
analysis are used which are an essential tool for the crime investigation rather
than forensic scientists. Moreover it is maintained and used at police
departments.

12) FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY

deals with the dental evidences, forensic odontologist can match bite marks to
a suspects teeth. Dental x rays, anomalies, restorations, diseases, cavities etc
can be matched with medical records in case bite marks are not found. Moulds
and casts can be made using dental alginate. Plaster of paris for examination.
13) FORENSIC ENGINEERING
It is used to analyse construction elements and the cause and origin of fire or
explosions.

14) FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY

Identification and examination of skeletal remains in order to determine if the
remains are human or non human, human stature, sex determination, age
estimation and ethnicity, can often be determined by a forensic
anthropologist. They also assist in creating facial reconstructions to aid in
identification of skeletal remains found in the cases of mass disaster like
plane crashes, earthquakes amd mass killings.

15) FORENSIC PATHOLOGY

It involves the investigation of sudden unnatural, unexplained or violent
death. If a cause cannot be found through observation an autopsy is normally
performed.

16) DIGITAL FORENSICS

it involves investigation of Digital evidence like email, text messages, files and
documents extracted from hard drives, electronic financial transactions, audio
files, and video files, CCTV, door access records, phone logs, routers, firewalls,
servers, monitored phone calls, and recorded messages, laptops and desktops.
The main types of cyber attacks include Phishing Attacks, Malware Attacks,
Denial-of-Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attacks.
Others are Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks, SQL Injection, Cross-Site
Scripting (XSS), and Whale-Phishing Attacks are also investigated.

17) WILD LIFE FORENSICS

The types of evidence analyzed by a wildlife forensics lab include any part of plant
and animal including wood, timber, flowers, blood and tissue samples, carcasses,
hair, teeth, bones, claws, talons, tusks, hides, fur, feathers, or stomach contents.
Killing wild animals that are protected from hunting by laws, also called poaching,
is one of the most serious crimes investigated by wildlife forensic scientists. Other
crimes against wildlife include buying and selling protected animal and plant
based products. Identification of pug marks is also done.

18) BALLISTICS
Ballistics is the study of firearms, ammunitions and firing mechanisms.
Bullets, firearms, cartridge cases, GSR, glass are the major types of evidences
examined.

19) FORENSIC MEDICINE

it is the application of knowledge of medicine to determine cause of death in
medicolegal cases, conducting medico-legal autopsy, study of death in all its
forms, various types of injuries, poison etc.

20) FORENSIC DNA PROFILING

used for criminal and victim Dna profiling, maternity and paternity disputes.
Dna extraction, amplification are carried out.