Perturb and Observe Technique

Ravi Vasudevan PVMD

Delft University of Technology
Learning objective
1. Maximum Power Point Tracking
1. Introduction to MPPT
2. Indirect Methods
3. Perturb and Observe
4. Incremental Conductance
5. Cost and Overview
2. Cables
3. Batteries
1. Introduction to Batteries
2. Characteristics of Batteries
3. Charge Controller
How to Power-Point Track
I P
Current [A] PMPP

Power [W]
ISC

IMPP MPP

Voltage [V] VMPP VOC V

MPPT Techniques

Indirect

MPP Tracking

Direct
MPPT Techniques

MPP Tracking

Direct
Perturb and Observe Method

• Make incremental changes in the voltage and monitor the power

Perturb and Observe Method

• Make incremental changes in the voltage and monitor the power

Prior Change Next

Perturbation in Power Perturbation
Positive Positive Positive
Positive Negative Negative
Negative Positive Negative
Negative Negative Positive
Perturb and Observe Method

• Make incremental changes in the voltage and monitor the power

P
Prior Change Next PMPP
Perturbation in Power Perturbation

Power [W]
Positive Positive Positive
Positive Negative Negative
Negative Positive Negative
Negative Negative Positive

Voltage [V] VMPP V

Perturb and Observe Method

• Make incremental changes in the voltage and monitor the power

P
Prior Change Next PMPP
Perturbation in Power Perturbation

Power [W]
1
Positive Positive Positive
Positive Negative Negative
Negative Positive Negative
Negative Negative Positive

Voltage [V] VMPP V

Perturb and Observe Method

• Make incremental changes in the voltage and monitor the power

P
Prior Change Next PMPP 2
Perturbation in Power Perturbation

Power [W]
1
Positive Positive Positive
Positive Negative Negative
Negative Positive Negative
Negative Negative Positive

Voltage [V] VMPP V

Perturb and Observe Method

• Make incremental changes in the voltage and monitor the power

P
Prior Change Next PMPP 2
Perturbation in Power Perturbation

Power [W]
1 3
Positive Positive Positive
Positive Negative Negative
Negative Positive Negative
Negative Negative Positive

Voltage [V] VMPP V

Perturb and Observe Method

• Make incremental changes in the voltage and monitor the power

P
Prior Change Next PMPP 2 4
Perturbation in Power Perturbation

Power [W]
1 3
Positive Positive Positive
Positive Negative Negative
Negative Positive Negative
Negative Negative Positive

Voltage [V] VMPP V

Perturb and Observe Method

• Make incremental changes in the voltage and monitor the power

P
Prior Change Next PMPP 2 5 4
Perturbation in Power Perturbation

Power [W]
1 3
Positive Positive Positive
Positive Negative Negative
Negative Positive Negative
Negative Negative Positive

Voltage [V] VMPP V

Perturb and Observe Method

• Make incremental changes in the voltage and monitor the power

P 6
Prior Change Next PMPP 2 5 4
Perturbation in Power Perturbation

Power [W]
1 3
Positive Positive Positive
Positive Negative Negative
Negative Positive Negative
Negative Negative Positive

Voltage [V] VMPP V

P&O Block Diagram

VPV(n)

P&O Algorithm VPV(n+1)

IPV(n)
VPV(n-1) & IPV(n-1) stored
Potential Drawback of the P&O Method

P
PMPP
Power [W] A

Voltage [V] V
Potential Drawback of the P&O Method

P
PMPP
1A
Power [W]

Voltage [V] V
Potential Drawback of the P&O Method

P
PMPP
1A B
P’MPP
Power [W]

Voltage [V] V
Potential Drawback of the P&O Method

P
PMPP
1A 2B P’MPP
Power [W]

Voltage [V] V
Potential Drawback of the P&O Method

P
PMPP
1A 2B P’MPP
Power [W]

Voltage [V] V
Different P&O Techniques

• Classic
- Perturbations are constant (0.37% of VOC, for example)
Different P&O Techniques

• Classic
- Perturbations are constant (0.37% of VOC, for example)

• Three points weight comparison

- Current point (A)
- Perturbation with respect to A in one direction (B)
- Perturbation with respect to A doubly back (C)