SCambridge Assessment

International Education
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J.V. PAREKH Cambridge nternational School

SVKM J. V. Parekh International School

Name: Date: Roll no:
Grade: II Subject: English

Reference Material 4 (2023-24)-PoemElements

This material is for children's reference only. It is not compuisory to remove a print of the same.
What is Poetry?
Poetry is atype of literature, or artistic writing that attempts to stir a reader's imagination or emotions.
Ihe poet does this bycarefully choosing and arranging language for its meaning, sound, and rhythm.
Some poems,such as nursery rhymes, are simple and humorous. Other poems may try to express some
truth about life, to tell astory, or to honor a personor agod. People throughout the world have been
writing poems for thousands of years. Poetry appears in a great many forms and styles.

Stanza

One thing that makes poems different from other types of writing is their structure. The words of a
poem are arranged in lines and groupsof lines, called stanzas. For example, here is the first stanza of
the poem "From a Railway Carriage," about an exciting train ride, by Robert Louis Stevenson:

Faster than fairies, faster than witches,

Bridges and houses, hedges and ditches;
And charging along like troops in a battle,
Allthrough the meadows the horses and cattle:
All of the sights of the hilland the plain
Fly as thick as driving rain;
And ever again, in the wink of an eye
Painted stations whistle by.

Rhythm
Poets use patterns of rhythm to create various effects. Some syllables, or parts of words, in a line
naturally receive more emphasis, or stress, than others. For example, in the phrase "hedges and

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ditches," the hedge and ditch sounds are stressed more than the other sounds.
The stressing of
certain syllables creates a particular rhythm. Apoem's rhythm is called its meter.

For example- The Pickety Fence by David McCord

The pickety fence
The pickety fence
Give it a lick it's

The pickety fence

Give it a lick it's

A
clickety fence
Give it a lick it's a lickety fence
Give it a lick

Give it a lick

Give it a lick

With a rickety stick

piety
pickety
pickety
pick.

The rhythm in this poem is fast -to match the speed of the stick striking the fence.

Rhyme and Rhyming Patterns

Poets also use patterns of sound. Some poems rhyme, or use two or more words that end with
the same
sound, such as hat and bat. Apoem may repeat sounds in many other ways. For example, in
"high as a kite,"
the long "" sound is repeated. In "a stroke of luck," the "k" sound is
repeated.
Poets can choose from avariety of different rhyming patterns.
AABB -lines 1 &2 rhyme and lines 3 &4rhyme
ABAB-lines 1 & 3 rhyme and lines 2 &4 rhyme
ABBA -ines 1 &4 rhyme and lines 2 &3 rhyme
ABCB-ines 2 &4 rhyme and lines 1&3 do not rhyme

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For Example- AABB Rhyming Pattern

First Snow by Marie Louise Allen
Snow makes whiteness where it falis.

The bushes look like popcorn balls.

And places where I always play,

Look like somewhere else today.

Repetition
Repetition is an important poetic technique that sees poets reusing words, phrases, images, or structures
multiple times within a poem. It creates a pattern, increases rhythm and strengthens feelings, ideas and
mood in a poem.
For example
The Sun by Sandra Liatsos
Someone tossed a pancake,

Abuttery, buttery,pancake.
Someone tossed a pancake
And flipped it up so high,
That now Isee the pancake,
The buttery, buttery pancake,
Now Isee that pancake
Stuck against the sky.

Mood

Mood is the atmosphere, or emotion, in the poem created by the poet. It can be happy, angry, silly, sad,
excited, fearful or thoughtful. The poet uses words and images to create mood.

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For example
Joyful by Rose Burgunder
summer day is full of ease,
A
a bank is full of money,
our lilac bush is full of bees,
And Iam full of honey.

The mood in this poem is happy.

"Writing a poem is discovering!"

Poetry. the best words

inthe best order."