In extract 1 the writer provides an introduction into the topic to help the reader

develop an understanding of the subject, however the writer does not provide a
name or descriptive account of the energy mentioned. The writer later identifies the
form of energy that will be described and gives a brief description on “fossil fuels”
and “embodied energy” where a positive connotation was made with phrases such
as “energy needed” in contrast to when talking about fossil fuels, “used
inefficiently”, “squander heat” clearly stating his stance. In the extract the topic is
clearly identified, and linked to the first sentence, to continue developing one’s
understanding of the topic.

In contrast to Extract 1, Extract 2 follows a very structured explanation. The writer

introduces the relationship between water and concrete, highlighting the subject of
study and its importance in understanding the behaviour of concrete. The writer
then goes into more detail by highlighting the steps in the relationship between
water and the capillary voids. The text progresses from an explanation to an example
based extract which can be shown through the language used such as, ”can occur
through”, “occurs due to” in contrast with “have lower capillary penetration”,
“than”. This is taken further through the use of citations and references to other
literature, which is why the present tense is used. The writer states facts with
certainty “ is also”, “occurs due to” and, “have” which show a strong stance.

Extract 3 has a similar structure to Extract 1, since all the information is presented in
one paragraph, showing a less structured approach. In the first sentence a problem
is identified and then expands to an explanation by highlighting the different stages
of deterioration. It is evident that the extract progresses to a descriptive explanation
“occur when”,“ in which”, in contrast to when it expands into the stages “resulting
in”, “main effects on”. The stages are clearly highlighted in order to make it easier to
understand, however as a consequence long sentences are used. In comparison to
Extract 2 the writer also uses the present tense since factual information is being
stated, and although a different approach towards the text’s structure is used, it is
clearly still structured.

Extract 1's structure provides an overview.In contrast, Extract 2 gives an in-depth

explanation by using both technical and descriptive language. In terms of structure,
Extract 2 offers a comprehensive, step-by-step explanation. Extract 3 discusses the
subject using technical vocabulary particular to concrete. Extracts 2 and 3 use
specific vocabulary connected to their actual themes, whereas Extract 1 keeps to a
more generic, broader language. Extract 1 provides a broader overview of energy
utilization, whereas Extracts 2 and 3 provide detailed information on specific
features of concrete.