MODULE 2 - CITIZENSHIP TRAINING

Prof. Abdulrasid T. Lucman, Faculty Member, College of SPEAR

Khayam D. Guimba, Registrar II, Office of the Registrar
Prof. Mahid, Faculty Member, KFCIAAS

Learning Outcomes:

At the end of the lesson the students are expected to:

1. Understand the preamble of the 1987 Philippine Constitution.
2. Understand the importance of Bill of Rights.
3. Understand and apply the duties and responsibilities of Filipino Citizen.
4. Understand and explain the united nations principles on human rights.
5. Develop individual self-respect and to value human dignity.
6. Understand and explain the flag heraldic code of the Philippines.
7. Apply the good values of a citizen.
8. Understand the rights of citizen to vote.
9. Define what is Good citizenship values.
10. Enumerate the four categories of good values citizenship.
11. Describe and explain the Filipino values in community setting.
12. Explain the voter qualifications and disqualifications.

Learning Resources:

PowerPoint presentation, Paper and Pens, Television/Laptop/Mobile Phone, Online

resources, and NSTP Module.

Methodology:

Structured Learning Exercises (SLE), Lecture, Film Showing, Role Playing, Group
Discussion

Learning Concepts:

Lesson 1: The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines

THE PREAMBLE

“We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to
build a just and humane society and establish a Government that shall embody our
ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our
patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of
independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice,
freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.”

Pres. Corazon C. Aquino began her term by repealing many of the Marcos-
era regulations that had repressed the people for so long. In March, she issued a

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 unilateral proclamation establishing a provisional constitution. This constitution gave
the President broad powers and great authority, but Aquino promised to use them
only to restore democracy under a new constitution. This new constitution was
drafted in 133 days by an appointed Constitutional Commission of 48 members and
ratified by the people in a plebiscite held on February 2, 1987. It was largely
modeled on the American Constitution which had so greatly influenced the 1935
Constitution, but it also incorporated Roman, Spanish, and Anglo law.

Branches of Philippine Government

A. Executive Branch/Department

The executive branch of government comprises the Cabinet and all executive
departments, led by the president. The president and vice president are directly
elected separately by national popular vote for a term of six years. While the vice
president may be re-elected once, the president is barred from seeking re-election.
The incumbent president and vice president are Bongbong Marcos and Sara Duterte,
respectively, who were elected in 2022.

President
The president of the Philippines is the country's chief executive,
serving as the head of state and head of government. The president heads
all executive departments. The heads of the departments, which make up
the cabinet, are appointed by the president subject to the approval of
the Commission on Appointments. The president also supervises all local
government units. The president may also give executive issuances,
grant pardons, and exercise the power of eminent domain. Aside from having
the power to veto any bill, the president also sets the legislative agenda for
Congress.

Vice president
The vice president of the Philippines, the deputy chief executive, is
the first in line for succession if the president resigns, is removed after
impeachment, is permanently incapacitated, or dies. The vice president is
usually, though not always, a member of the president's cabinet and may be
appointed without the approval of the Commission of Appointments.

If there is a vacancy in the position of vice president, the president will

appoint any member of Congress (usually a party member) as the new vice
president. The appointment must then be validated by a three-fourths vote
of the Congress.

B. Legislative Branch
The legislative power is vested in the Congress of the Philippines. The
Congress is bicameral, consisting of the Senate of the Philippines and the House of
Representatives. The two chambers have roughly equal powers, and every bill or

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 resolution that has to go through both houses needs the consent of both chambers
before being passed for the president's signature. The upper house is
located in Pasay, while the lower house is located in Quezon City; both are in Metro
Manila.
House of Representatives
The House of Representatives of the Philippines is the lower house of
the Congress. The House consists of district and sectoral representatives
elected for a term of three years and may be re-elected for three consecutive
terms. Each bill has to be approved by the House, after which it is sent to the
Senate. Furthermore, all franchise and money bills must originate from the
lower house. The House of Representatives also has the power to impeach
certain officials.
The House of Representatives is headed by the speaker of the House
of Representatives. The current speaker is Martin Romualdez.

Senate
The Senate of the Philippines is the upper house of the Congress.
Senators are elected for a term of six years; they can be re-elected but may
not run for a third consecutive term. Once a bill is approved by the House of
Representatives, it is passed to the Senate. A bill must first be approved by
the Senate in order to be passed for the president's signature to become a
law. Only the Senate can concur with treaties and try impeachment cases.
The Senate is led by the president of the Senate. The current Senate
president is Senator Migz Zubiri.

C. Judicial Branch

The judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court of the Philippines and
lower courts established by law. The Supreme Court, which has a chief justice as its
head and 14 associate justices, occupies the highest tier of the judiciary. The justices
serve until the age of 70. The justices are appointed by the president on the
recommendation of the Judicial and Bar Council of the Philippines. The sitting chief
justice is Alexander Gesmundo, the 27th to serve in that position.
Other types of courts, of varying jurisdiction around the archipelago, are the
following:
 Lower Collegiate Courts:
 Court of Appeals
 Court of Tax Appeals
 Sandiganbayan (a special appellate court)

 Regular Courts:
 Regional Trial Courts
 First-level courts:
 Metropolitan Trial Courts

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  Municipal Trial Courts
 Municipal Trial Courts in Cities
 Municipal Circuit Trial Courts
 Sharia Courts:
 Sharia District Courts
 Sharia Circuit Courts

Independent Constitutional Commissions

A. Civil Service Commission

The Civil Service Commission (Filipino: Komisyon ng Serbisyo Sibil,

abbreviated as CSC) is one of the three Constitutional Commissions of the
Philippines with responsibility over the civil service. It is tasked with overseeing the
integrity of government actions and processes. The commission was founded in
1900 through Act No. 5 of the Philippine Commission and was made a bureau in
1905. The Civil Service Commission (CSC) is the central personnel agency of the
Philippine government responsible for the policies, plans, and programs concerning
all civil service employees.

B. Commission on Election

The Commission on Elections (Filipino: Komisyon sa Halalan), abbreviated

as COMELEC,*2+ is one of the three constitutional commissions of the Philippines. Its
principal role is to enforce all laws and regulations relative to the conduct
of elections in the Philippines.

C. Commission of Audit

The Commission on Audit (COA; Filipino: Komisyon sa Awdit) is an

independent constitutional commission established by the Constitution of the
Philippines. It has the primary function to examine, audit and settle all accounts and
expenditures of the funds and properties of the Philippine government.
The Commission on Audit is a creation of the 1987 constitution. It was preceded by
the Office of the Auditor in 1899, renamed as the Bureau of the Insular Auditor in
1900, then to the Bureau of Audits in 1905. The 1935 constitution created the
General Auditing Office (GAO), and was led by the Auditor General. The 1973
constitution renamed the GAO to the Commission on Audit, a collegial body led by a
chairman, with two commissioners. That setup was retained by the 1987
constitution.

THE BILL OF RIGHTS

Section 1. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due

process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws.

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 Section 2. Private property shall not be taken for public use without just
compensation.

Section 3. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers,
and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and
whatever purpose shall not be violated, and no search warrant or warrant of
arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to be determined by the judge, or
such other responsible officer as maybe authorized by law, after examination
under oath or affirmation of the complainant and the witnesses he may produce,
and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to
be seized.

Section 4.
1. The privacy of communication and correspondence shall be inviolable
except upon lawful order of the court, or when public safety and order require
otherwise.
2. Any evidence obtained in violation of this or the preceding Section shall
be inadmissible for any purpose in any proceeding.

Section 5. The liberty of abode and of travel shall not be impaired except upon
lawful order of the court, or when necessary in the interest of national security,
public safety, or public health.

Section 6. The right of the people to information on matters of public concern

shall be recognized. Access to official records, and to documents and papers
pertaining to official acts, transactions, or decisions, shall be afforded the citizen
subject to such limitations as may be provided by law.

Section 7. The right to form associations or societies for purposes not contrary to
the law shall not be abridged.

Section 8. No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or

prohibiting the free exercise thereof. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious
profession and worship, without discrimination or preference, shall forever be
allowed. No religious test shall be required for the exercise of civil or political
rights.

Section 9. No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, or the press,
or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for
redress of grievances.

Section 10. No law granting a title of royalty or nobility shall be enacted.

Section 11. No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed.

Section 12. No ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall be enacted.

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 Section 13. No person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-payment of a poll tax.

Section 14. No involuntary servitude in any form shall exist except as a

punishment for a crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted.

Section 15. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended
except in cases of invasion, insurrection, or rebellion, or imminent danger thereof,
when the public safety requires it.

Section 16. All persons, shall have the right to a speedy disposition of their cases
in all judicial, quasi-judicial, or administrative bodies.

Section 17. No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense without due
process of law.

Section 18. All persons, except those charged with capital offenses when evidence
of guilt is strong shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties.
Excessive bail shall not be required.

Section 19. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall be presumed innocent
until the contrary is proved, and shall enjoy the right to be heard by himself and
counsel, to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation against him, to
have a speedy, impartial, and public trial, to meet the witnesses face to face, and
to have compulsory process to secure the attendance of witnesses and the
production of evidence in his behalf. However, after arraignment, trial may
proceed notwithstanding the absence of the accused provided that he has been
duly notified and his failure to appear is unjustified.
Section 20. No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself. Any
person under investigation for the commission of an offense shall have the right
to remain silent and to counsel, and to be informed of such right. No force,
violence, threat, intimidation, or any other means which vitiates the free will shall
be used against him. Any confession obtained in violation of this section shall be
inadmissible in evidence.

Section 21. Excessive fines shall not be imposed nor cruel or unusual punishment
inflicted.

Section 22. No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for the same
offense. If an act is punished by a law and an ordinance, conviction or acquittal
under either shall constitute a bar to another prosecution for the same act.

Section 23. Free access to the courts shall not be denied to any person by reason
of poverty.

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 DUTIES AND OBLIGATIONS OF CITIZENS

Section 1. It shall be the duty of the citizen to be loyal to the Republic and to
honor the Philippine flag, to defend the State and contribute to its development
and welfare, to uphold the Constitution and obey the laws, and to cooperate with
the duly constituted authorities in the attainment and preservation of a just and
orderly society.

Section 2. The rights of the individual impose upon him the correlative duty to
exercise them responsibly and with due regard for the rights of others.

Section 3. It shall be the duty of every citizen to engage in gainful work to assure
himself and his family a life worthy of human dignity.

Section 4. It shall be the obligation of every citizen qualified to vote to register

and cast his vote.

Assessment:

1. Divide the class into 5 groups. Each group will pick a topic. Discuss the topic within the
group then make a presentation to the class.

Lesson 2: UNITED NATIONS PRINCIPLES ON HUMAN RIGHTS

Article 1. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are
endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of
brotherhood.

Article 2. Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration,
without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or
other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no
distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status
of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust,
non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.

Article 3. Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.

Article 4. No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be
prohibited in all their forms.

Article 5. No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading

treatment or punishment.

Article 6. Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.

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 Article 7. All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal
protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in
violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.

Article 8. Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national
tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by
law.

Article 9. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.

Article 10. Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an
independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and
of any criminal charge against him.

Article 11.
1. Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed
innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he
has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence.
2. No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or
omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or
international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier
penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal
offence was committed.

Article 12. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family,
home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has
the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.

Article 13. Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the
borders of each state.
1. Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return
to his country.

Article 14.
1. Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from
persecution.
2. This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising
from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and
principles of the United Nations.

Article 15.
1. Everyone has the right to a nationality.
2. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to
change his nationality.

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 Article 16.
1. Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality
or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled
to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.
2. Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the
intending spouses.
3. The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is
entitled to protection by society and the State.

Article 17.
1. Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with
others.
2. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.

Article 18. Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this
right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone
or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or
belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.

Article 19. Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right
includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and
impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.

Article 20.
1. Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.
2. No one may be compelled to belong to an association.

Article 21.
1. Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly
or through freely chosen representatives.
2. Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in his country.
3. The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this
will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by
universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent
free voting procedures.

Article 22. Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled
to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in
accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic,
social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development
of his personality.

Article 23.
1. Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and
favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.
2. Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal
work.

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 3. Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration
ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity,
and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection.
4. Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of
his interests.

Article 24. Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of
working hours and periodic holidays with pay.

Article 25. Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and
well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and
medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the
event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other
lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.
1. Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance.
All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same
social protection.

Article 26.
1. Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the
elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be
compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally
available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis
of merit.
2. Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality
and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental
freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among
all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the
United Nations for the maintenance of peace.
3. Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given
to their children.

Article 27.
1. Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the
community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its
benefits.
2. Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests
resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the
author.

Article 28. Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and
freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.

Article 29.
1. Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full
development of his personality is possible.

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 2. In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to
such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing
due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of
meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general
welfare in a democratic society.
3. These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the
purposes and principles of the United Nations.

Article 30. Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group
or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the
destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.

Assessment:

Activity : Role Play

Instruction: Divide the class into 4-5 groups. Each group will present in role playing in
scenarios that shows Human Rights.

Lesson 3: Flag Heraldic Code of the Philippines (RA 8491, s. 1998)

THE NATIONAL FLAG

A. Design of the National Flag

 The flag of the Philippines shall be blue, white and red with an eight-rayed golden-
yellow sun and three five-pointed stars, as consecrated and honored by the people.

B. Hoisting and Display of the National Flag

 The flag shall be displayed in all public buildings, official residences public plazas,
and institutions of learning everyday throughout the year.
 The flag shall be permanently hoisted, day and night throughout the year, in front
of the following; at Malacanang Palace; the Congress of the Philippines building;
Supreme Court building; the Rizal Monument in Luneta, Manila; Aguinaldo Shrine
in Kawit, Cavite; Barasoain Shrine in Malolos, Bulacan; the Tomb of the Unknown
Soldier, Libingan ngmga Bayani; Mausuleo de los Beteranos dela Revolucion; all
International Ports of Entry and all other places as maybe designated by the
Institute.

The flag shall be properly illuminated at night.

 The flag shall also be displayed in private buildings and residences or raised in the
open flag-staffs in front of said buildings every April 9 (Araw ngKagitingan); May
1 (Labor Day); May 28 (National Flag Day) to June 12 (Independence Day); last
Sunday of August (National Heroes Day); November 30 (Bonifacio Day); and
December 30 (Rizal Day); and on such other days as may be declared by the
President and/or local chief executives.

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 The flag may also be displayed throughout the year in private buildings or offices or
raised in the open on flag-staffs in front of private buildings: Provided, that they
observe flag-raising ceremonies in accordance with the rules and regulations to be
issued by the Office of the President.

 All government agencies and instrumentalities, and local government offices,

government-owned corporations and local government units are enjoined to
observe flag day with appropriate ceremonies. Socio-civic groups, non-
government organizations and the private sector are exhorted to cooperate in
making the celebrations a success.
 The flag shall be flown on merchant ships of Philippine registry of more than one
thousand (1000) gross tons and on all naval vessels.

On board naval vessels, the flag shall be displayed on the flagstaff at the stern when
the ship is at anchor. The Flag shall be hoisted to the gaff at the aftermast when the
ship is at sea.

 The flag, if flown from a flagpole, shall have its blue field on top in time of peace
and the red field on top in time of war; if in a hanging position, the blue field shall
be to the right (left of the observer) in time of peace, and the red field to the right
(left of the observer) in time of war.

The flagpole staff must be straight and slightly tapering at the top.

 If planted on the ground, the flagpole shall be at a prominent place and shall be of
such height as would give the flag commanding position in relation to the buildings
in the vicinity.

If attached to a building, the flagpole shall be on top of its roof or anchored on a sill
projecting at an angle upward.

If on stage or platform or government office, the flag shall be at the left (facing the
stage) or the left of the office upon entering.

 When the Philippine flag is flown with another flag, the flags, if both are national
flags, must be flown on separate staffs of the same height and shall be of equal
size. The Philippine flag shall be hoisted first and lowered last.

If the other flag is not a national flag, it may be flown in the same lineyard as the
Philippine flag but below the latter and it cannot be of greater size than the Philippine
flag.

 When displayed with another flag, the Philippine flag shall be on the right of the
other flag. If there is a line of other flags, the Philippine flag shall be in the middle
of the line.

When carried in a parade with flags, which are not national flags, the Philippine flag
shall be in front of the center of the line.

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  A flag worn out through wear and tear shall not be thrown away. It shall be
solemnly burned to avoid misuse or desecration. The flag shall be replaced
immediately when it begins to show signs of wear and tear.
 The flag shall be raised at sunrise and lowered at sunset. It shall be on the mast at
the start of official’office hours, shall remain flying throughout the day.

 The flag may be displayed:

a. Inside or outside-a building or on a stationary flagpoles. If the flag is displayed

indoors on a flagpole, it shall be placed at the left of the observer as one
enters the room;
b. From the top of a flagpole, which shall be at a prominent place or a
commanding position in relation to the surrounding buildings;
c. From a staff projecting upward from the window sill, canopy, balcony or
facade of a building.
d. In a suspended position from a rope extending from a building to pole
erected away from the building;
e. Flat against the wall vertically with the sun and stars on top; and
f. Hanging in a vertical position across a street, with the blue field pointing east,
if the road is heading south or north, or pointing north if the road is heading
east or west.

The flag shall not be raised when the weather is inclement. If already raised, the
flag shall not be lowered.

 The flag shall be hoisted to the top briskly and lowered ceremoniously.

The flag shall never touch anything beneath it, such as the ground, flood, water
or other objects.

After being lowered, the flag shall be handled and folded solemnly as part of
the ceremony.

C. Conduct of Flag Raising Ceremony

 All government offices and educational institutions shall henceforth observe the
flag-raising ceremony every Monday morning and the flag lowering ceremony
every Friday afternoon. The ceremony shall be simple and dignified and shall
include the playing or singing of the Philippine National Anthem.
 The office of the President upon the recommendation of the Institute shall issue
rules and regulations for the proper conduct of the flag ceremony.
 The observance of the flag ceremony in official or civic gatherings shall be simple
and dignified and shall include the playing or singing of the anthem in its original
Filipino lyrics and march tempo.
 During the flag-raising ceremony, the assembly shall stand in formation racing the
flag. At the moment the first note of the anthem is heard, everyone in the
premises shall come to attention; moving vehicles shall stop. All persons present

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 shall :.ace their right palms over their chests, those with hats shall uncover, while
those in military, scouting, security guard, and citizens military training uniforms
shall give :.-.£ salute prescribed by their regulations, which salute shall be
completed upon the last note of the anthem.

The assembly shall sing the Philippine national anthem, accompanied by a band, r
available, and at the first note, the flag shall be raised briskly.

The same procedure shall be observed when the flag is passing in review or in parade.

 During the flag lowering, the flag shall be lowered solemnly and slowly so that the
flag shall be down the mast at the sound of the last note of the anthem. Those in
the assembly shall observe the same deportment or shall observe the same
behavior as for the flag-raising ceremony.

D. Half-Mast

 The flag shall be flown at half-mast as a sign of mourning on all buildings and
places where it is displayed, as provided for in this Act, on the day of official
announcement of the death of any of the following officials:

a. The President or a former President, for ten (10) days;

b. The Vice-President, the Chief Justice, the President of the Senate, and the
Speaker of the House of Representatives, for seven (7) days; and
c. Other persons to be determined by the Institute, for any period less than
seven (7) days.

The flag shall be flown at half-mast on all the buildings and places where the decedent
was holding office, on the day of death until the day of interment of an incumbent
member of the Supreme Court, the Cabinet, the Senate or the House of
Representatives, and such other persons as may be determined by the Institute.

The flag when flown at half-mast shall be first hoisted to the peak for a moment then
lowered to the half-mast position. The flag shall again be raised briskly to the peak
before it is lowered for the day.

E. Casket

 The flag may be used to cover the caskets of the honored dead of the military,
veterans of previous wars, national artists, and of civilians who have rendered
distinguished service to the nation, as maybe determined by the local government
unit concerned. In such cases, the flag shall be placed such that the white triangle
shall be at the head and the blue portion shall cover the right side of the caskets.
The flag shall not be lowered to the grave or allowed to touch the ground, but
shall be folded solemnly and handed over to the heirs of the deceased.

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 F. Pledge to the Flag

 The following shall be the Pledge of Allegiance to the Philippine Flag:

Ako ay Filipino
Buong katapatang nanunumpa
Sa watawat ng Pilipinas
At sa bansang kanyang sinasagisag
Na may dangal, katarungan, at kalayaan
Na pinakikilos ng sambayanang
Maka-Diyos,
Makatao,
Makakalikasan, at
Makabansa.

Such pledge shall be recited while standing with the right hand palm open raised
shoulder high. Individuals whose faith or religious beliefs prohibit them from making
such pledge must nonetheless show full respect when the pledge is being rendered by
standing at attention.

G. Flag Days

 The period from May 28 to June 12 of each year is declared as Flag Days, during
which period all offices, agencies and instrumentalities of government, business
establishments, institutions of learning and private homes are enjoined to display
the flag.

H. Specifications of the National Flag

 The flag shall have the following proportions. The width of the flag, 1; the length of
the flag, 2; and the sides of the white triangle, 1.
 The technical specifications shall be as follows:

The blue color shall bear Cable No. 80173; the white color, Cable No. 80001 the red
color, Cable No. 80108; and the golden yellow, Cable No. 80068.

 In order to establish uniform criteria in the making of our national flag and to
guarantee its durability by the use of quality materials, the following standards
and procedures shall be observed:

a. All requisitions for the purchase of the Philippine National Flag must be based
on strict compliance with the deisgn, color, craftmanship and material
requriements of the Government;
b. All submitted samples of flags by accredited suppliers offered for purchase for
government use shall be evaluated as to design, color and craftmanship
specifications by the Institute, through its Heraldry and Display Section, which
shall stamp its approval or disapproval on the canvass reinforcement of the

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 flag sample submitted. The samples shall be sent to the Institute by the
requisitioning office, not by the flag supplier; and
c. The Industrial Technology Development Institute (ITDI) or the Philippine
Textile Research Institute (PTRI) of the Department of Science and Technology
(DOST) shall evaluate the quality of material of all flag samples and certify
whether the fabric for the blue, white, red and golden yellow colors, including
the canvass submitted, conforms to government requirement as to quality of
the material. The samples shall be submitted by the said office to the Institute.

 All deliveries of the flags requisitioned by the government shall be inspected by the
requisitioning agency’s internal inspector and by the Commission on Audit (COA)
using the flag stamped approved by the Institute as reference.
 In carrying out its responsibilities under Section 4 hereof, the Institute, COA, the
ITDI/PTRI shall prepare guidelines to be approved by the Office of the President.
 All government agencies and instrumentalities shall ensure that the requirements
under this Act with respect to the standards, requisitions and delivery of the
national flag are strictly complied with.
 All departments, agencies, offices, and instrumentalities of the government,
government-owned or controlled corporations, local government units, including
barangays, shall include in their annual budgets the necessary outlay for the
purchase of the national flag.

I. Prohibited Acts

 It shall be prohibited

a. To mutilate, deface, defile, trample, on or cast contempt any act or omission

casting dishonor or ridicule upon the flag over its surface;
b. To dip the flag to any person or object by way of compliment or salute; and
c. To use the flag:
1. As a drapery, festoon, tablecloth
2. As covering for ceilings, walls, statues or other objects;
3. As a pennant in the hood, side, back and top of motor vehicles;
4. As a staff or whip;
5. For unveiling monuments or statues; and
6. As trademarks or for industrial, commercial or agricultural labels or
designs.
d. Display the flag:
1. Under any painting or picture;
2. Horizontally face-up. It shall always be hoisted aloft and be allowed
to fall freely;
3. Below any platform; or
4. In discotheques, cockpits, night and day clubs, casinos, gambling
joints and places of vice or where frivolity prevails.
e. To wear the flag in whole or in part as a costume or uniform;
f. To add any word, figure, mark, picture, design, drawings, advertisements, or
imprint of any nature on the flag;

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 g. To print, paint or attach representation of the flag on handkerchiefs, napkins,
cushions, and other articles of merchandise;
h. To display in public any foreign flag, except in embassies and other diplomatic
establishments, and in offices of international organizations.
i. To use, display or be part of any advertisement of infomercial; and
j. To display the flag in front of buildings or offices occupied by aliens.

THE NATIONAL ANTHEM

 The National Anthem is entitled Lupang Hinirang.

 The National Anthem shall always be sung in the national language v/ithin or
without the country. The following shall be the lyrics of the National Anthem.

Bayang magiliw,
Perlas ng silanganan,
Alab ng puso
Sa dibdib mo’y buhay.
Lupang hinirang,
Duyan ka ng magiting,
Sa manlulupig
Di ka pasisiil.
Sa dagat at bundok,
Sa simoy at sa langit mong bughaw,
May dilag ang tula
At awit sa paglayang minamahal.
Ang kislap ng watawat mo’y
Tagumpay na nagniningning;
Ang bituin at araw niya,
Kailan pa ma’y di magdidilim.
Lupa ng araw, ng luwalhati’t pagsinta,
Buhay ay langit sa piling mo;
Aming ligaya na ‘pag may mang-aapi,
Ang mamatay nang dahil sa ‘yo.

 The rendition of the National Anthem, whether played or sung, shall be in

accordance with the musical arrangement and composition of Julian Felipe.
 When the National Anthem is played at a public gathering, whether by a band
or by singing or both, or reproduced by any means, the attending public shall
sing the anthem. The singing must be done with fervor.

As a sign of respect, all persons shall stand at attention and face the Philippine
flag, if there is one displayed, and if there is none, they shall face the band or
the conductor. At the first note, all persons shall execute a salute by placing
their right palms over their left chests. Those in military, scouting, citizen’s
military training and security guard uniforms shall give the salute prescribed by
their regulations. The salute shall be completed upon the last note of the
anthem.

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 The anthem shall not be played and sung for mere recreation, amusement or
entertainment purposes except on the following occasions:

a. International competitions where the Philippines is the host or has a

representative;
b. Local competitions;
c. During “signing off” and “signing on” of radio broadcasting and
television stations;
d. Before the initial and last screening of films or before the opening of
theater performances; and
e. Other occasions as may be allowed by the Institute.

 All officials and employees of the national and local governments, and any
agencies or instrumentalities thereof, including government-owned or
controlled corporations, privately-owned entities of offices displaying the
national flag and government institutions of learning are hereby directed to
comply strictly with the rules prescribed for the rendition of the anthem.
Failure to observe the rules shall be a ground for administrative discipline.

Lesson 4: GOOD CITIZENSHIP VALUES

 Definition of Citizenship Values

Citizenship values are thus the collection of rules developed by society to enable peaceful
and harmonious communal living. They are in charge of guiding both social interactions and
peaceful cooperation between citizens.
Filipino Values is something, as a principle, quality or entity intrinsically valuable or
desirable. More comprehensively, values or “worth” are more lasting genuine merit resting
on deeper intrinsic and enduring qualities of human personality which have an abiding
worth under the test of civilized society.
 According to the Prophetic Traditions (Hadiths)
“The best of men is he from whom good accrues to humanity”
“The best of men are those who seen, remind of God; and the worst of people are
the tale-bearers, those who do mischief and separate friends and seek for the defeat of the
righteous.”
“The best of men is he who is (socially) the most use full.”
“He is the best man whose life is long and his actions good. He is the worst man
whose life is long and his actions bad”
 Who are the citizens of the Philippines?
According to Sec 1, Art, of the Philippine Constitution, the following are citizens of the
Philippines:

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 1. Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of this
constitution;
2. Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines.
3. Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippines
citizenship upon reaching the age of majority; and
4. Those are naturalized in accordance with law.

 Good Citizenship Values:

1. Perceives the knowledge, attitude, and competency to be acquired as
valuable building.
2. Strong force to unite us as people despite our differences.
3. Building a better Philippines.
4. The one who is responsible for his duties and obligations to the
government and society.

 Four categories of Values:

1. Personal Values
Personal values like honesty, reliability, promptness and trust, help
determine how one will empathize with people and have a socially
and politically correct worldview.
2. Cultural Values
Cultural values, (arising from religious beliefs, and customs and
traditions), are tenets that maintain ones’s link with his cultural roots.
Cultural values bred by ethnicity, religion help one’s connection and
social interaction to a larger community of people with similar
cultural background.
3. Social Values
Social values are brought by social norms that indicate how one can
relate meaningfully to others in groups or in any social situations,
including those involving family, friends, associates, superiors and co-
workers.
4. Work Ethics and Values
Work values are behavioral guidelines in professional contexts and
relationship. They define work ethics and standards on how one work
and relate to co-workers, superior, and clients/customers. They help
and one and all to maintain equilibrium and harmony in the work
place.
The various institutions in which members of a society take part must instill them.
Family comes first, followed by school, and then any other organizations in which you are
involved.
It is crucial to underline that until social and political institutions establish a
commitment to promoting social inclusion, freedom, equity, and the individual rights of all
who comprise a society, it will be difficult for citizenship education to achieve its goals.

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 Other Filipino Values are:

1. Responsibility
This is arguably the most crucial citizen value. Responsibility has to do with the
responsibilities each individual has in relation to the choices he or she takes and the
potential outcomes of those choices.
2. Respect
is necessary for the concept of duty to exist. This value makes it possible for a
person to acknowledge, accept, and esteem the qualities and rights of others. Respect
means realizing that there are other people's rights and liberties in addition to one's own.
For peaceful coexistence and effective communication with others, this value is necessary.
3. Honesty
People have the ability to tell good from bad. 'Moral consciousness' is the term used to
describe this quality. Therefore, living and expressing such awareness is what it is to be
honest as a human attribute. In essence, it involves speaking and acting consistently and
sincerely. This implies that your words and deeds must be consistent. Honesty
demonstrates respect for both oneself and for others.
4. Cooperation
Cooperation cannot be disregarded because maintaining peaceful social connections is
mostly a function of citizen ideals. The support provided to complete a task in common
constitutes cooperation. It's done to achieve a common objective. These social realities
take place in the setting in which people develop, much as the other values.
5. Solidarity
Solidarity is a necessity for peaceful social coexistence. Helping others comes under this
virtue, regardless of their political views, gender, or culture. Social ties that bind the many
members of a society together are formed via the practice of solidarity.This value entails
having emotions like love, empathy, a sense of justice, and a willingness to provide a
helping hand. Furthermore, it is only through solidarity that real, beneficial measures may
be taken to meet the needs of other citizens.
6. Humility
is another crucial quality for coexisting peacefully in society. The absence of arrogance can
be used to describe this. Being modest, showing respect for others, and not considering
themselves more significant than others due to their accomplishments are characteristics
of humble people. This virtue also entails being aware of one's own shortcomings and
limitations and behaving accordingly. But humility is a concept that's frequently
misunderstood. Even if ostentation is avoided, it appears impossible to demonstrate one's
abilities because not everyone is willing to acknowledge what others have accomplished.
7. Loyalty

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Loyalty is a fundamental virtue for living in peace with others. This virtue grows in
consciousness and includes keeping a promise made, especially in the face of challenging or
shifting circumstances. It also involves having a strong commitment to the things and
people we hold dear. Loyalty and trust go hand in hand. Being loyal entails being reliable.
Anyone who is not loyal cannot be a good citizen because of their activities, which are not
consistent with those that promote peaceful cooperation in society.
8. Tolerance
Respect and tolerance are two values that go hand in hand. It has to do with having the
capacity to accept differences in social, cultural, racial, political, and religious views. It also
involves being able to listen and accept others for who they are without passing judgment
on them.
You can live in a society where people are appreciated for their differences, from their
thoughts to their acts, because of tolerance. However, regardless how far the world and the
civilizations that make it up have come, tolerance is a value that is lacking in many societies.
9. Justice
One of the virtues that is more closely related to peaceful cohabitation among citizens is
justice. It is based on a collection of guidelines and standards that have been established to
ensure proper interactions between individuals and institutions.
This is what enables the authorization, prohibition, or authorization of specific acts in the
relationship between people and institutions. In a nutshell, this value is concerned with the
idea of what is best for everyone who belongs to the same society.
In actuality, it serves the function of identifying what belongs to and belongs to each
individual. Justice ensures that people's security and rights are upheld while also rewarding
their efforts.
10. Transparency
This value focuses on being honest in all of one's deeds. Understanding that family, friends,
neighbors, teachers, and other people have entrusted you with performing actions of
common interest is essential. Should be communicated to all parties concerned.
This suggests that you must behave honestly and openly. Public transparency, for example,
requires that all decisions made by a nation's leaders that affect its population be made
known to the general public.
11. Citizen involvement
Participation refers to the action of taking part in social activities within the community to
which one belongs. In essence, it entails "participating" in all of the activities that advance
societal wellbeing.

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Along with this ideal, all citizens have a responsibility to support national development and
state preservation. This is something that is accomplished not only by carrying out other
civic obligations, but also by making use of tax privileges.
A society can only enhance its living conditions and ensure the resolution of its social issues
through citizen participation.
12. Commitment
As a value, commitment entails abiding by the law and any agreements made with others.
It is crucial to feel a sense of commitment in order to be decent citizens.
Being committed means keeping your word, which entails making your actions consistent
with your past statements. On the other hand, being committed to society also means
acting in a way that benefits the group of people who live in your neighborhood.
Additionally, it is crucial to teach young people the importance of making time to study and
get ready for the future. In addition to earning a living, they also need to offer answers to
the issues that develop in their surroundings.
13. Punctuality
Being on time has to do with how much you value your time, especially that of others. It
also has to do with your capacity to finish a job or fulfill a commitment ahead or on time.
This value is regarded as a gesture of consideration toward the waiting parties. So much so
that in some cultures, impunity can be seen as an insult and implies disrespect for the time
of others.
14. Self-determination
A person's capacity for self-determination relates to their capacity for independent
judgment. It involves acting in accordance with your interests, preferences, and capabilities
without letting this affect how other people see you. Each person should think for
themselves and act independently, not allowing others to control their actions.
15. Order
People carry this principle with them for the rest of their life after learning it at home when
they are young. Additionally, it is a habit that may be applied to several spheres of life.
Order includes not only how things are arranged in a physical space, but also how thoughts
are arranged and how life is lived generally.

 Filipino Values in the Community Setting

During the NSTP sessions that discussed the different Filipino characteristics and Filipino
Citizenship values, an understanding of the Filipino culture and Filipino value system was
explained. It reiterated that actions, decisions and manner an individual acts and thinks can
be attributed to the values they were taught and practiced since their birth.

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For this chapter, it will discuss the different values that are exemplified in the social setting
especially in the community. It is better to keep in mind that these values are very essential
in bringing forth changes and progress in the community. These values can be an important
instrument in influencing the people in the community towards productive change and
development.
Below are several values that can help in bring together people for a common goal and
advocacy.
1. Pakikisama / Camaraderie – refers to an interpersonal relationship where people are
friendly with each other. To be with someone and to get along with each other indicates
basic human friendliness and affinity. It is a basic tendency for Filipinos and is expressed in
their private lives, their public workplaces, and in their relationship with their neighbors.
Filipnos believe that they live and act together with co-equals and consider it only natural
that the consideration they show other will be reciprocated. So, people show a strong
tendency to help, share and cooperate with those they are with.
2. Familial / Close Family Ties – Filipino are said to value and take good care of their family.
Genuine concern for the family is manifested in the honor and respect given to parents and
elders, in the support and care extended to children and in the great sacrifices one endure
for the welfare of the family. This family orientation makes every member develop a feeling
of belongingness and sense of safety and security.
3. Hospitality – refers to the warm welcome that the Filipino gives to visitors who come to
his and her home, especially strangers. Filipinos tend to create relationship and open their
homes regardless of any stereotypical biases. They are easy to get along with and treats
them as though they were family members.
4. Damayan System – refers to the sympathy for people who suffered lost and in
unfavorable situations. Filipinos tend to express their sympathy very easily and pull people
in their intimate circle for comfort and support.
5. Flexibility and Adaptability – Filipinos can keep up with whatever life throw at them.
They deal with the challenges and changes in their everyday lives as it happens. They easily
conforms to the situation as well as in dealing with the unexpected. This is the ability of the
Filipinos to adjust to the norms of other groups to attain smooth and harmonious
relationship. This is exemplified during disaster wherein many families are displaced in
evacuation centers and need to cope with the hard times.
6. Resiliency – nothing can keep the Filipino down. Even in dire situation, Filipino always
find a reason to laugh at the difficulties and proceed with their lives. This is the ability to
recover and regain readily one’s particular state and recover without intervention. This can
be summed up with the phase “to rise from the rubble”.

Lesson 5: VOTER CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION

The Right to Vote

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Three documents contain the human right to vote: The Universal Declaration of Human
international covenant on civil and political rights, as well as the 1987 Constitution of the
Philippines. The three documents that govern the Philippines are identical in demand
voting secrecy, equal access to public services, and the universality of rights.

Article 21 (1-3) of the Art.25 (a-c) of International Art. V, Sec. 1-2 of The 1987
Universal Declaration of Covenant on Civil and Philippine Constitution
Human Rights (December Political Rights, (March
10, 1948) 1976)

1 Everyone has the right to
take part in the government
of his country, directly or
through freely chosen
representatives. 2 Everyone
has the right to equal access
to public service in his
country. 3 The will of the
people shall be the basis of
the authority of the
government; this will shall
be expressed in periodic and
genuine elections, which
shall be by universal and
equal suffrage and shall be
held by secret vote or by
equivalent free voting
procedures.
Every citizen shall have the
right and the opportunity,
without any of the
distinctions mentioned in
article 2 and without
unreasonable restrictions:
(a) To take part in the
conduct of public affairs,
directly or through freely
chosen representatives; (b)
To vote and to be elected at
genuine periodic elections
which shall be by universal
and equal suffrage and shall
be held by secret ballot,
guaranteeing the free
expression of the will of the
electors; (c) To have access,
on general terms of equality,
to public service in his
country.
1 Suffrage may be exercised
by all citizens of the
Philippines not otherwise
disqualified by law. 2 The
Congress shall provide a
system for securing the
secrecy and sanctity of
ballot as well as a system for
absentee voting by qualified
Filipinos abroad. The
congress shall also design a
procedure for the disabled
and the illiterates to vote
without the assistance of
other persons. Until then,
they shall be allowed to vote
under existing laws and such
rules as the Commission on
elections may promulgate to
protect the secrecy of the

The people’s right to suffrage is the foundation of the electoral process. If people are not
allowed to vote freely, then the whole process of elections becomes absurd and
superfluous.
Suffrage: “The right to vote, or the exercising of that right.” –Andrew Heywood; Politics
(Second Edition); p. 432.
As a human right, the right to vote is connected to democracy and the will of the people.
sovereignty. A common definition of sovereignty is the idea of unrestricted, absolute power.
beneath the According to the democratic 1987 Constitution, only the people can exercise

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sovereignty. They could hence, make judgments that are enforceable by all persons,
organizations, and institutions. including choosing the people who would head the country.

Art. II, Sec. 1 of The 1987 Philippine Constitution: “The Philippines is a democratic and
republican State. Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority
emanates from them.”
I. Voter qualifications and disqualifications
All Filipino nationals who have been residents of the country for at least one year and are at
least eighteen years old at least six months in the city or municipality where he/she intends
to vote over the past year. Those in the immediate run-up to the election are eligible to
vote.
a. Any person who has received a court judgment ordering them to serve time in jail
for not more than a year. He/she may, however, regain the ability to vote following the five
years after the sentence has been served.

b. Any individual who has received a final judgment from a court or other institution
possessing engaged in any offense involving treason to the legitimately established
government such as insurrection, sedition, breaking the anti-subversion and gun legislation,
or any other. Unless their full civil and political rights are restored, those who commit
crimes against national security according to the law, provided that he or she will
automatically reclaim their right to vote. five years following the completion of the
sentence.

c. Insane or incompetent persons as declared by competent authority.

RA 9189, often known as the Overseas Absentee Voting Law, grants all Filipino citizens
abroad the following rights: not otherwise prohibited by law, and foreign nationals and
residents with an affidavit of
with the intention of returning to the Philippines and casting a national election ballot:
President, Vice President, Senators, and Representatives on Party Lists.

Assessment:

2. Divide the class into 5 groups. Each group will pick a topic. Discuss the topic within the
group then make a presentation to the class.

References:

https://lawphil.net/consti/cons1987.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_the_Philippines

https://www.set.gov.ph/resources/philippine-constitutions/1973-constitution

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 https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights

MAPUA, NSTP module (2019)

MSU-IIT, NSTP Module edition (2019).
ISMAIL, USTAZ ILJAZ, Islamic ethics and Morality, (1981)
MAGUIGAD, LOLITA “LOY”, (2012)

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