2102 APP A Categorisation Manual v5.0

Version 4.
2102 APP A: Defect

Categorisation Manual
Version 5.0 May 2019
WHO AM I FOR? WHAT AM I?

Vehicle Inspectors, Auditors and Trainers A list of defects and wear thresholds, to categorise maintenance standards.
The way forward is simple “ If you cannot do it safely, don’t do it”
1
First Inspection and Audit Defect Categorisation Manual
Revision State @ Version 4.9
Date Change By / Approved
28th October 2011 Pg 96 / Operational Equip : GreenRoad checks simplified By John Bickerton,
SOP38 v4.3 Pg 125 / IM54: criteria for ball joint gaiter condition amended. Interim changes, ahead of
Pg 127 / IM54, pg 128 / IM57, pg 134 / IM59: check added for dust full update to reflect
cover condition, “leakage or dirt ingress likely to occur”. VOSA standards
introduction in Jan
2012
7th Nov 2011 Major revision to reflect VOSA’s revised MOT standards from Jan 2012 By John Bickerton,
SOP38 v4.4 – see full list of amendments overleaf. approved at EDSG
Particularly, pg 99 & 100 added to reflect Service Brake Operation 7th November 2011.
criteria & ABS functional checks.
Note: page numbers reflect the location in this version of the manual –
pages may have been revised compared to previous versions.
21st October 2012 New smoke emission criteria for vehicles registered after 1st January 2008: By John Bickerton, to
SOP38 v4.5 X - average smoke above 1.5m-1 & D – average smoke above reflect updates to
1.3m-1 VOSA roadside and
Brake imbalance criteria clarified for tests where one or both wheels lock MOT standards.
Operation of tachograph clock now explicitly included within function of
tachograph (including digital tachographs)
EBS failure criteria clarified as “where required”.
PLUS various revisions of D defects to X status, to reflect VOSA requirements
or improve First standards.
2
New & amended failure criteria
These checks are new.

October 2014
Entrance Doors
Inward Gliding Doors - check clearance
between the door frame (not including flaps b. D – An inward gliding door fails the minimum clearance check
2. Check door between the door frame and floor.
operation or rubber seals) and entrance flooring over
the full range of movement
Note: Use the manufacturers recommended
clearance, if none are provided then 9 mm
should be used as a minimum clearance
November 2014
122 Ride Heights Removed from manual – manufacturers technical

Table removed documentation is the authority
113 - Exhaust b) check that exhaust outlet does not protrude b) D - exhaust outlet protrudes more than 12.5mm (1/2 “).
protrusion limits vehicle body by more than 12.5mm (½”) .
removed
June 2016 12 Change in tyre pressure limits and

categorisation
Wheels/Hubs/Tyres 12 e)
12 f)
15. Change in limits of tyre tread wear and

defect categorisation
3
New & amended failure criteria
These checks are new.

March 2019 Revision for removal of company 75% limit
All on wear criteria.
4
Version 4.7 First Inspection and Audit Defect
Content: Page Number Content: Page Number
Licences & Registration Plates 8 Chassis/Body/Underframe 45
Destination Equipment 9 Condition of Body, Engine & Gearbox 47

Transfers/Adverts/ID Plates 10 Auxiliary Belts/Drive Shafts 48
Seat Belts & Secondary Restraints 12 Bulkhead/Air Cleaner/Trunking 49
Smoke Emissions 19 Access Flaps and Engine Covers 50
Wheels/Hubs/Tyres 21 Hand Rails/Grab Rails 51
Front/Rear Axle 26 Platform/Platform Lighting 52
Vehicle Coupling 27 Transfers and Interior Notices 53
Tow Eyes/Bumpers 28 Fire Extinguishers/First Aid Kit/fire Suppression 54
Exterior Panels and Wheel Arches 29 Seat Frames and Cushions 56
Body Condition – Exterior 31 Interior Lights 57
Emergency Exits – Exterior 33 Windows/Ventilators 58
Entrance Door 35 Communication Bell/Strip 59
Emergency Exits/Warning Devices- Interior 39 Interior Panels/Trims/Mouldings 60
Cab Door/Frame/Step/Floor 41 Interior Condition 61
Radio/Ticket Equipment 42 Stairs and Stair Light 62
Heater/Demisters 43 Floor/Floor Traps 63
Drivers Seat 44 Interior Mirrors 64

5
Mirrors / Indirect Vision Devices 65 Service Brake Operation / ABS 97
Sun Visor/Periscope/CCTV 66 Electrical Wiring/Starter Motor/Alternator 100
Windscreen/Windows-Cab Area 67 Panel Lights/Switches 101
Windscreen View to Front 68 Electrical Control Boards/Wiring 102
Accessibility Features (DDA) 69 Batteries/Battery Box 103
Windscreen Wipe/Wash 72 Chassis Wiring 104
Windscreen Wipers 73 General Cleanliness 105
Speedometer/Tachograph/Speed Limiter 74 Waste Leaks 106
Horn/Vandal Alarm/Reversing Alarm 79 Oil Leaks 107
Fuel Shut Off/Engine Stop-Start 80 Radiator/Cooling System 108
Foot Pedals/Driving Controls 81 Engine Auxiliary Components/Pipes/Hoses 109
Steering Wheel/Column 83 Fuel Tank(s) System/Filler Cap 111
Air Pressure Build Up 86 Exhaust System 113
Gauges/Low Pressure Signal 87 Suspension 114
Handbrake Levers/Controls 88 Steering Swivels/Wheel Bearings 124
Brake System and Linkages 90 Steering Lock 126
Warning Lights 95 Steering Box/Linkage 127
Operational Equipment 96

6
Power Steering 129
Engine to Gearbox Coupling 130
Transmission Shafts 131
Retarder/Controls 134
Front/Rear Brake Systems 135
Hydraulic/Vacuum Systems 137

Reservoirs and Air Drain Tanks 139
External Lights: Rear Position Lamps, Reg. Plate Lamp 140
External Lights: Reflectors and Mkr Boards, Side Lamps 141
External Lights: Rear Fog Lamps 142
External Lights: Stop Lamps/Reversing Lamps 143
External Lights: Headlamps 144
External Lights: Direction Indicators/Haz. Warn. Lamps 149
Service Brake Performance 151
Secondary Brake Performance 154
Brake Performance Calculation 156
Park Brake Performance 157

7
First Inspection and Audit Defect
For a full explanation of defect coding refer to Engineering SOP 2102.
Note: A component should only be considered defective if it has clearly reached the
stage where repair or replacement is required either immediately or will reach that
stage prior to the next inspection.
“X” Category Defect must be reserved for “Dangerous deficiencies” constituting a direct and immediate
risk to road safety or having an impact on the environment, that would attract a prohibition from the
relevant traffic authority or would be a reason for rejection at MOT.
“D” Category Defect must be reserved for “Major deficiencies” that may prejudice the safety of the
vehicle, have an impact on the environment, put other road users at risk or other more significant non-
compliances. Or:
• Smoke levels greater than VOSA’s smoke test threshold
• Defect(s) that would lead to an imminent breakdown
• Any defect on First Bus Safety Systems
Any D Category fault that does not require immediate repair may be deferred and planned for a later
date, prior to the next Vehicle Safety Inspection. In all cases where this occurs an auditable trail must be
present using First Bus engineering documentation.
“A” Category Defect. Minor – deficiencies having no significant effect on the safety of the vehicle or
impact on the environment and other minor non-compliances. If only defects of a minor nature are
present, a test certificate will still be issued.

8
Licences & Registration plates IM1
Functional
Check Checks and Failure Criteria
Information
1. Ensure that all excise licences, operators and 1. D - Licences, ownership discs not in order or
ownership discs (where applicable) are clearly displayed.
displayed, current and correct.
2. Check licence holder is secure and glasses 2. D - Licence holder insecure, damaged or dirty so
are clean and undamaged as not to see contents.
3 Check that there is a registration plate at 3. X – A registration plate

both the front and the rear of the vehicle, a. Missing
and check each one for b. Insecure
a.Presence
b.Security
4. Check the registration mark for 4. X – A registration mark

a.presence a. Missing
b.legibility b. Illegible
c.compliance with vehicle documents c. Does not comply with documentation
or records or records
9
All Destination Equipment VOSA IM Ref 20, 21, 42
Check Functional Checks and Information Failure Criteria
1. Visually check the presence, 1. Destination equipment:

condition and security of all a) X - insecure.
destination equipment and blinds. b) D - missing.
c) D - in poor condition.
a) D - with winding gear not working.
b) D - not displaying dayglo blinds.
c) A - with blinds twisted
d) A - with back light showing through
aperture (white light).
2. Check destination lights/all wiring 2. a) X - Destination wiring in a condition
serviceable and secure. that constitutes a fire risk
b) D - Destination lights not working or
flickering/wiring damaged or
insecure.
3. Check condition of destination glass. 3. a) X –Insecure, likely to detach/injure.
b) D - Glass missing, damaged,
insecure or dirty.
4. Check security, condition and 4. a) X –Insecure, likely to detach/injure.
presence of interior panels and b) D - Interior panels or panel locks
panel locks. insecure, missing or damaged.
5. Check condition of destination 5. D - Destination view glass missing,
interior view glass. insecure, dirty or damaged, rubber
seal likely to permit water ingress.
10
Transfers/Adverts/Identification Plates VOSA IM Ref 16,20,21,23

Functional Checks and
Check Failure Criteria
Information
1. Check that statutory / 1. The following markings not present, positioned incorrectly,
required markings are illegible or covered by adverts:
present, positioned a) D -‘Off’ position for fuel cut off.
correctly and legible. b) A - unladen weight of vehicle.
c) A - legal address.
d) A - all electrical isolation switches including location.
e) A - windscreen wipers – applicable method of operation.
f) X - emergency exits/operation.
g) X - entrance door operation.
h) D - emergency engine stop transfer.fuel cut off.
2. Check presence and 2. D - A Company required marking, missing, illegible or in poor
condition of Company condition.
required markings and X - Encroaching into the wiper swept area by 40mm or more
adverts. X - An advert obstructing drivers view to the front or side.
3. Check front and rear 3. D - Number plates illegible or insecure.
number plates for NOTE: Although this is not an X cat defect, prosecution action
presence, condition and could be taken by Police if number plates are missing.
security.
4. Check that the registration 4. D - registration plate is dirty or illegible.
plate is clean and legible A - registration plate is cracked. (Assess for servicability, VI
and secure on to record if appropriate and Supervision to plan for
panel/mounting brackets.
completion).
D - loose on panel/mounting brackets.
11
Transfers/Adverts/Identification Plates (continued)

Information
5. Check presence and 5. D - Manufacturers identity plate and
security of manufacturers where applicable Head Light Angle Plate
identity plate and, where and Vehicle Length Plate missing, illegible
fitted as Original or insecure. (Serviceable, VI to record
Equipment, Head light and Supervision to plan for completion).
Angle Plate and Vehicle
Length Plate. 6. X - Chassis number not permanently fixed
to vehicle or in such a condition that it is
6. Check presence and unreadable or not in an easily accessible
condition of Chassis position (VOSA Ref: PSV Inspection
number. Manual, Chapter: About this Manual, Sub
Section: Acceptance for Test)
Note:
This is not an annual test failure but a
reason for VOSA to refuse to test the
vehicle.
12
Seat Belts & Secondary Restraints VOSA IM Ref. 3
Inspection Schedule Failure Criteria

Obligatory Seat Belts
This inspection applies to any vehicles with seat belts fitted (see below).
Vehicles used from 1st October 1988:
Minibus (not exceeding 3500kg

Seat Position Coach
gross weight)
Three point adult belt.
Specified Passengers If alongside the driver the belt

must lock and release with a
single action.
Three point adult belt or lap belt Three point adult belt designed for an adult
Any other foremost forward facing front
designed for an adult. or disabled persons belt.
Three point adult belt designed for an adult

Other forward facing (not protected by high or disabled persons belt.
back seat(s) and crew seat(s).
Note: A harness belt may be used as an alternative to a three point or lap belt. The requirements for a
buckle to lock with a single action does not apply to harness belts.
13
Seat Belts VOSA IM Ref. 3

Check Information
Failure Criteria
Obligatory Seat Belts

1. Obligatory seat belt (see table overleaf): 1.
a) check to ensure seat belts are present a) X - seat belts missing.
where required. b) X - seat belt is of incorrect type.
b) ensure the seat belt is of the correct type c) X - is not a lap or lap and diagonal belt
(three point / lap belt etc). fixed at three points (if vehicle first used
c) check that the belt is a lap or lap and before 1st April 1981).
diagonal belt fixed with three points. d) X - belt does not restrain the upper part
d) ensure the belt restrains the upper part of of the body (vehicles first used before 1st
the body. April 1981).
Anchorages
1. Check each anchorage point for: 1. Pull each seat belt webbing 1. a) X - corrosion, deterioration or a
a) any corrosion, deterioration or a against its anchorage to see that fracture is visible within 300mm of the
fracture in load bearing member it is properly secured to the anchorage.
within 300mm of the anchorage. vehicle structure. b) X - the anchorage is not securely
b) secure fixing to the seat or vehicle fixed to the seat or vehicle structure.
structure.
14
Locking Mechanism, Stalks,

Retracting Mechanism and Fittings
1. Check the mechanism and stalks to 1.

ensure: a) X - the mechanism does not lock or
a) the locking mechanism secures and release the belt as intended.
releases the belt as intended. b) X - attachments/adjustments are
b) attachment or adjustment fittings are fractured, deteriorated or inoperative.
not fractured, deteriorated or c) X - flexi stalk is corroded or
inoperative. deteriorated to the extent it is likely to
c) no corrosion deterioration of the flexi fail under load.
stalk. d) X - flexi stalk strands are broken.
d) the flexi stalk strands are not broken d) This may involve wiggling each flexible e) X - does not retract all the webbing
e) the retracting mechanism retracts stalk and listening for a clicking noise and leaves the belt slack.
the webbing and takes the slack from indicating broken strands.
the belt with the locking mechanism e) With the seatbelt fastened in an
fastened and the seat is unoccupied. unoccupied seat, ensure excess seat belt
webbing can be rewound into the
retracting unit.
15

Functional Checks
Check and Information
Failure Criteria
Condition of Webbing (Strap)

1. The webbing (strap) should be checked to 1. a) X - cuts to the fibres
ensure: b) D - webbing is fluffing or frayed.
a) there are no cuts in the fibres. c) X - badly frayed or fluffing and restricting free
b) there is no fluffing or fraying. movement, insecure, incomplete or repaired
c) stitching is not frayed, insecure, incomplete stitching.
or repaired.
Seat Belt Fittings

1. All seat belt fittings should be checked for 1.
structural weaknesses to any guide, stalk or X - guide, stalk or pivot weak and likely to
pivot. fail.
Seat or Seats
1. All seats should be checked for: 1.
a) insecurity. a) X - seat(s) insecure.
b) cracked, fractured legs or framed. b) X - frame, leg fractured, cracked.
c) Seat frame repaired by welding c) X - sharp edges left by poor weld finish
Installation Defect Found on Annual Test

1. Check for any obvious installation defects. 1. X - Installation is incorrect, insecure, inadequate.
16

Check Information
Failure Criteria
Installation Inspection
1. Check seat belt and fixings for: 1.
a) cuts or reworking to webbing. a) X - webbing is knotted, fraying or fluffing has
b) any sharp edges likely to cut or abrade been
the webbing. removed/sealed by burning.
c) any anchorage not secured by b) X - installation is cut and sharp.
standard seat belt mounting bolts and c) X - bolts and washers are not of standard
washers. specification.
d) an insecure anchorage. d) X - anchorage loose, insecure.
e) drilled tubular seat frames for the e) X - drilled tubular seat frame.
purpose of attaching a seat belt. f) X - anchorage is not fixed to a load bearing
f) anchorages are attached to a load member
bearing member or reinforced. or reinforced.
g) retrofitted three point belts are g) X - retrofits are not mounted on a suitable area.
mounted on a suitable structure (load
bearing member / reinforced). h) X - legs have not been reinforced with
h) tubular frame legs and H pattern legs buttressing.
are reinforced with buttressing and
diagonal bracing. i) X - buttressing present close to a seat leg where
i) buttressing where a floor mounted seat a floor mounted seat belt is fitted.
belt is fitted.
j) seats are suitably reinforced and / or j) X - seat is insecure or weak.
modified.
17

k) all hand rails and grab rails on any sharp k) X - hand rails, grab rails and
objects are padded to avoid injury. sharp objects are exposed (risk of
l) lower anchorages are at least 320mm apart. injury).
m) loading does not allow the cushion to move l) X - lower anchorages are less
forward or compress allowing the occupant to than 320mm apart.
move forward. m) X - the cushion moves forward
n) reinforcement plates of suitable size and when the belt is loaded.
contour are fitted where anchorages are n) X - plate is missing or of
attached to the anchorage belt. incorrect size and contour.
o) all load spreading washers are present on o) X - washers are missing.
the anchorage belt. p) X - mountings are inadequate for
p) adequate means of securing claw type claw type seat
mountings. mountings.
q) seats fitted to rails have adequate bolts that q) X - bolts do not pass through the
pass through the leg, rail or floor and a suitable leg, rail or floor and / or do not pass
structural member or is suitable reinforced. through a reinforced floor or
r) loose tracking. structural member.
r) X - tracking is insecure / loose.
18

Functional
Inspection Schedule Checks and Failure Criteria
Information
s) no more than 25mm free movement for s) X - movement is greater than 25mm in any loop belt.
looped belts.
t) Upper anchorage of three point belt is no t) X - anchorage is less than 475mm above the seat
less than 475mm above the seat cushion cushion.
(measured parallel to the seat back).
u) upper anchorage of three point belt is less u) X - anchorage is less than 110mm from the centre line of
than 110mm from the centre line of the The SRS
malfunction the seat.
seat.
indicator lamp (MIL) v) X - lap section is incorrectly positioned (ie across the
v) incorrect positioning of the lap section of a may display a stomach).
three point belt. symbol similar to w) X - the seat belt or fixing intrudes the gangway.
w) any part of the seat belt fixing intruding into that below, one
the gangway. depicting a person
wearing a seat
2. Check the seat belt load limiter belt.or alternatively 2) X - A seat belt load limiter missing when known to be
3. Check the pretensioner for presence and the letters ‘SRS’. standard
suitability 3) X - pretensioner is missing or not suitable for the vehicle
4. As far as practicable, check that 4) X - An airbag
a. all driver and passenger airbags fitted a. missing when known to be fitted as standard
as original equipment, are present b. obviously defective
b. are not obviously defective.
5. Check the SRS warning light does not indicate a 5) X - The SRS warning lamp indicates any kind of failure in
fault the system
19
Smoke Emission VOSA IM Ref.5
Smoke
Meter Test
Free 1. Free acceleration test for turbocharged and non- b). After a total of six accelerations have been
acceleration turbocharged CI engines using the smoke meter (This completed, the average smoke opacity recorded
test includes engines fitted with a supercharger): for accelerations 4, 5 and 6 is more than:
(i) unless the brake pressure build-up check has taken For vehicles used before to 1 July 2008:
place immediately before this inspection, clear the • i. 2.5m-1 for non-turbocharged engines or the
exhaust system of accumulated soot by running the level specified on the manufacturer’s plate, where
engine for 30 seconds at just below the maximum it is lower.
governed speed. • ii. 3.0m-1 for turbocharged engines or the level
(ii) check and ensure that the engine is at or near normal specified on the manufacturer’s plate, where it is
running temperature. lower.
a) check the first acceleration For vehicles first used from 1 July 2008:
• iii. The level specified on the manufacturer’s plate
b) if the pass criteria is achieved, no more testing will be
or 1.5m-1 for all CI engines, where the plate value
carried out. Otherwise the test will continue with up to 6
is not available.
further accelerations
For vehicles first used from 1 January 2014:
• iv. The level specified on the manufacturer’s plate
or 0.7m-1 for all CI engines, where the plate value
is not available.
D – After a maximum of six accelerations, the
exhaust emits smoke of a level greater than that of
equivalent metered levels.
20
Smoke Emission (cont) VOSA IM Ref.5
c) During free acceleration check observe c) X - excessive smoke of any colour or

exhaust output vapour which is likely to obscure vision.
CRT (Continuously Regenerating Trap)

Check
1. CRT Back Pressure 1. Check CRT back pressure using the gauge
provided.
Note:
a) A - monitor back pressure as readings
If the back pressure
a) back pressure reading of over 55. may reduce or increase over the
reading suddenly drops to
next 28 days.
“zero” this is an indication
that the unit may have b) ADL/Scania vehicles back pressure reading b) D - ADL/Scania vehicles back pressure
“exotheremed” and the of over 80. reading of over 80-CRT filter
back pressure must be requires cleaning (send for
confirmed and the unit sent cleaning).
to Eminox for investigation.
c) Volvo vehicles back pressure reading of
over 90 c) D - Volvo vehicles back pressure
reading of over 90-CRT filter
requires cleaning (send for
cleaning).
d) Reading below 28mb d) D - Indicates a trap failure, requires

investigation.
21
Smoke Emission (cont) VOSA IM Ref.5
Exhaust System Check that exhaust aftertreatment system is D - Emission control equipment fitted by the
complete and has not been tampered with or manufacturer absent, or obviously
incorrectly repaired. defective or shows any signs of obvious
tampering.
Check that any vehicle with an exhaust after- D – A vehicle equipped with a Diesel
treatment system containing a DPF does not Particulate Filter shows any visible
. shows visible smoke from tailpipe signs of smoke.
Emissions warnings Check that the engine MIL:

A) Lights initially when ignition is turned on D – Engine MIL inoperative or indicating a
B) Is not showing an emissions defect. malfunction..
22
Wheels/Hubs/Tyres (Torque) VOSA IM Ref.6,7,8

1. Check for compatibility of wheel 1. X - A wheel and ANY of its fixings not
and fixings. compatible.
2. Road wheel condition 2. Examine each road wheel part by part, 2.
check in particular for: a) X - a fracture on a wheel.
a) fracture of a flange. b) X - a weld breaking away.
b) weld breaking away. c) X - any sign of elongation of a stud hole
c) stud hole visibly worn. in a wheel or evidence that a nut is
digging into the metal surface of a wheel
rim hole.
d) wheel stud missing. d) X - a wheel stud missing or damaged.
e) wheel nut missing. e) X - a wheel nut loose, missing or
damaged.
f) X - a wheel damaged or distorted.
f) a wheel damaged or distorted.
g) D - exposed threads heavily corroded,
g) exposed stud threads for cleanliness. soiled or painted.
h) cracked spigot wheelnut washer. h) X - spigot wheelnut washer cracked.
3. Check that each wheel not fitted 3. D - A wheel, with wheel nut indicators
with wheel trims, is fitted with missing, indicators mis-aligned, dirty or
wheel nut indicators/security are not clearly visible.
device and they are clean and
clearly visible.
4. For Spigot mounted wheels, 4. D - Wear between wheel knave and hub
check for wear at spigot at spigot mounting of 3mm or more
mounting between wheel knave across the diameter.
and hub.
23

5. Check wheel nuts: 5. Wheel nuts: 5. Wheel nuts:
Notes: a) hammer tap nuts to indicate tightness a) X - loose or not fully located against the
i. the torque check should and establish that they are fully located wheel disc.
be recorded on the against the wheel discs.
Inspection Record as b) check wheel nuts for torque to specified b) X - loose or not to recommended torque.
“Torque Check”. Any nuts vehicle setting.
that require torque a
quarter of a turn should be
recorded as “Quarter
Turned”.
ii. loose wheel nuts that
have de-torqued a quarter
of a turn or more must be
noted for rechecking.
iii. Where torque is correct
but a gap is found, the
wheel must be removed
for investigation
6. Check hubs for damage 6. X - A hub cracked, badly damaged or
and contamination. contaminated.
7. X - A half shaft bolt/planet gear, nut or stud
7. Check planet gear
loose or missing or any ‘O’ ring leaking.
carrier half shaft bolts for
security and ‘O’ rings for
leakage.
24

Functional Checks
and Information
8. Check that a re-cut tyre has not 8. D - A re-cut tyre fitted in the front position.
been fitted in a front position
9. Check if rear tyres appear to 9. X - Wholly or partly re-cut tread pattern is not to the manufacturers re-
have been re-cut and note the cut tread pattern.
re-cut pattern.
10.Check that remould tyres are 10. a) D - A remould tyre fitted in a front position,
not fitted in a front position or to b) D - remoulds found fitted to a vehicle fitted with a tachograph.
any position on vehicles fitted (Coaching operation)
with a tachograph. (Coaching
operation)
11.Check visually that the tyre is 11. X - A tyre incorrectly seated upon its wheel.
correctly seated.
12.Check tyre for: 12.A tyre:
a) cuts. a) D - with a cut more than 25 mm long, or 10% of the section width,
b) lumps, bulges or tears. whichever is greater and deep enough to reach the ply cords.
c) exposed ply or cord/damaged b) X - with a lump, bulge or tear caused by separation or part failure of
cords. its structure (this includes any lifting of the tread rubber).
d) obvious visual under inflation. c) X - with exposed ply or cord – damaged cords.
e) check tyre pressures with gauge. d) X - which is obviously visually under inflated/flat.
f) lifting of the tread rubber. e) X – with a pressure lower than the First Bus or OEM Severe limit
MUST be categorised as an X Defect and removed for further
inspection.
f) D – that is underinflated. Note: Tyres that have deflated more than
5% of operating pressure but less than the Severe limit, are to be
subjected to a further check 24 hours after inflating to ensure that
there is no tyre or valve damage.
g) f) X - tread rubber lifting.
25

13. Check rear inners and outers Note: where possible the tyre with the 13. D - Rear tyres where there is a
for difference in diameter and greatest wear should be replaced to match difference in diameter or the tread
uneven tread wear between tyres. the depth and tread pattern of the other tyre wear is uneven to the other tyre by
or a new matched pair fitted. more than 4mm.
14. Check tyre rating 14 All vehicles used in stage carriage must 14. X - Incorrect tyre rating fitted to the
Note: J rated tyres may be fitted have a minimum of ‘J’ rated tyres front or rear wheels.
to private hire vehicles providing a fitted. All private hire vehicles must
sticker is placed at the rear of the have K, L or M rated tyres fitted. D - Speed/Load rating not readable.
vehicle indicating the maximum J = 62.5 mph
vehicle speed is 50mph. Drivers K = 68 mph
must be instructed not to exceed L = 75 mph
this speed limit.
M = 81 mph
15. Check tyre tread depth 15. Using a calibrated digital tyre depth 15. X - A tyre with a minimum tread depth of
gauge measure the depth of the grooves of less than 1mm. SVIR Process to be instigated
the tread pattern across the breadth and D - A tyre with a minimum tread depth of less
around the entire circumference of the tyre. than 1.6mm. Immediate tyre change required
before vehicle is permitted to enter service.
Recording the minimum tread depth to one
VOR.
decimal place.
D - A tyre with a minimum tread depth of less
than 2.5mm. Serviceable, plan to change but
Note: Refer to diagram on next page for not allowing minimum tread depth to fall below
information on the acceptable tread depth 1.6mm.
band. A - A tyre with a minimum tread depth of less
than 3.6mm. Serviceable, Tyre to enter 14day
recheck process.
16. Check tyre for fouling any part 16. X - A tyre fouling any part of the
of the vehicle. vehicle.
26
Condition of Tyres
The following diagram shows the acceptable positions of the minimum tread depth band, for vehicles over 3500kg
design gross weight, which must be measured at right angles to the axis of the wheel. Figures 1-4 show cambered
wear and Figure 5 shows more detail of how the tread band is measured. For vehicles of 3500kg or less the band is
the central ¾ of the breadth of tread and it is not necessary for tread depth to be visible on the remainder.
27
Front/Rear Axle VOSA IM Ref. 6, 53

1. Check axles for security and 1. X - An axle insecure in its location or in
condition. poor condition.
X - An Axle or stub axle cracked.
2. Check wheel/tyre for 2. From underneath the vehicle check 2. X - A wheel/tyre not conforming to
conformity hidden parts of wheels/tyres for conformity. respective failure criteria.
3. Check differential pinion/pinion 3.

seal for excessive play/lift or a) D - A differential pinion / pinion seal
leaks. with excessive play/lift
b) D - leaking.
4. Check rear axle breather for 4.

presence, security and operation. a) D - Rear axle breather missing,
insecure.
b) D - leaking.
5. Check for oil leaks from rear 5. X - Contamination of brake shoes or

hubs contaminating brake shoes exhausts.
or exhausts.
6. Check front hub oil level and 6. D - Record and report to Supervision if
condition where applicable. front hub oil level low or contaminated.
28
Vehicle Coupling VOSA IM Ref. 11
This examination applies to all articulated buses.

Check Information
Failure Criteria
1. Examine condition of coupling Covers and or inspection panels 1. X - Coupling bracket insecure, excessively
articulating bracket, operating member may need to be removed to worn – load bearing member cracked – safety
and safety device. check couplings and associated device missing.
components fully.
2. Check bellows for security – damage 2. Bellows:

and safety chain sheathing not a) X - insecure.
damaged. b) X - torn.
c) X - damaged.
d) X - safety chain damaged – sheathing
damaged.
3. a) Turntable floor – check for 3.

security. a) X - turntable floor – insecure
b) check floor covering. b) X - floor covering lifting/worn smooth.
4. Check articulation rams for security 4. X - Rams insecure/leaking fluid.

and any fluid leaks.
29
Towing Eyes/Bumper Bars VOSA IM Ref.9
1. Examine bumper bars and 1. X - Loose/worn/fractured bumper bar,

ensure they are secure to their mounting, or mounting bracket.
mountings and the mountings
are secure to the vehicle.
2. Check the bumper bars for tears 2. X - Bumper bar with jagged edges or
or jagged edges. projections.
3. Check towing eye 3. D - Towing eye sockets/bracket damaged

sockets/brackets (where fitted) or unserviceable.
are undamaged and
serviceable.
30
Exterior Panels and Wheel Arches VOSA IM Ref. 14,20,41

Functional Checks
and Information
1. Examine the body exterior for: 1.
a) Condition and security of body a) X - Panels, frame members, fittings or components which are
panels and frame members. insecure, excessively deteriorated, holed, corroded.
(Includes bonded panels). D - missing or loose rivets.
b) X - A check strap/strut damaged or insecure.
b) Presence, condition and c) X - i. Damage that would make the vehicle unroadworthy.
effectiveness of check straps.
D - ii. Any damage that renders the vehicle aesthetically
c) Accident damage. unsuitable for presentation to the public. (Assess for
serviceability, VI to record if appropriate supervision to plan
for completion).
d) Body panels to Company d) D - Body panels that are bare metal / fibre-glass repairs not
Livery. undercoated.
e) Condition of Accident Damage e) D - Poor rectification ie Filler not smoothed over/unpainted
Repairs. etc
2. Examine all wings or other 2. A wing or any similar fitting:
similar fittings, etc to see that they
are: a) X - missing
a) in position b) X - loose or rubbing on a tyre
b) securely fixed c) X - holed/damaged or badly corroded
c) not badly affected by corrosion d) X - torn or has jagged edges
d) free from tears and jagged e) X - which is rubbing or will rub on a tyre
edges
f) X - suffering water ingress
e) not rubbing on a tyre
f) not leaking water
31
Exterior Panels and Wheel Arches VOSA IM Ref. 14,20,41

Information
3. For integral bodied 3. For integral bodied vehicles:
vehicles, where the body
panels
form part of the overall
strength of the vehicle,
check where any
replacement panels have
been fitted that:
a) any materials used for a) X - the materials used for replacement panels
replacement panels are are obviously unsuitable for their purpose.
suitable for their purpose. b) X - The replacement panels are not adequately
b) the replacement panels are secured to the body with the appropriate type of
secured to the body using a fasteners.
sufficient number of the
appropriate type of
fastenings
32
Body Condition – Exterior

Check Information
Failure Criteria
1. Exterior Condition a) D - Fuel spillage around filler cap

b) D - Handprints and oil marks
c) A - Dirt around fittings
d) A - Localised paint wear and dulling
e) D - Vinyl damage and wear
2. Wheels a) D - Wheel rims not fitted in matching colour sets.

b) A - Unpainted mating face showing at front axle.
c) A - Paint flaking and rust spots
d) D - Wheel trim missing where originally fitted
3. Destination Equipment a) A - Dirt on inside of glass

b) D - Faulty display
c) A - Size and wording inadequate
d) D - Failure to meet Corporate font
e) D - Failure to meet DDA legislation
33
Body Condition – Exterior

Check Information
Failure Criteria
1. Exterior Repairs a) D - Unpainted panels

b) D - Adhesive residue
c) D - Part numbers still showing
d) D - Unacceptable repair methods
2. Glass Etching a) D - Heavily etched windows or those containing

offensive words must be replaced or have the
amount of etching reduced by film application.
3. Notices and Sign work a) D - Damaged signs and adverts

b) D - Out of date advertising
c) D - Badly applied, non level, creased etc
d) D - Adhesive residue
34
Emergency Exits (Exterior) VOSA IM Ref.16

Information
1. Examine the general condition 1.
of all emergency exits, a) X - an emergency exit broken, incomplete or missing.
including sealing rubbers. b) D - sealing rubbers damaged to the extent of not
providing a seal (otherwise assess for serviceability, VI
to record if appropriate and Supervision to plan for
completion).
2. Emergency exit operation 2. Open and close the 2. X - An emergency exit jammed or deliberately secured so
emergency exits to their that it cannot be opened or cannot be consistently
maximum extent, which opened to its fullest extent.
should be at least 90
degrees.
3. Check access to and from 3. X - Access through an emergency exit obstructed.
emergency exits.
4. Check markings, describing 4. X - Markings describing the presence and method of
the presence and method of opening an emergency exit missing, illegible or
opening the emergency incorrect.
exit(s), are readily visible on
or adjacent to the exit and
that they are legible.
5. Check the operation of 5. An emergency exit opening mechanism:
opening mechanisms of a) X - defective or with excessive wear or damaged to the
emergency exits. extent that a door or emergency exit is difficult to open
or incapable of being opened.
b) X - with control buttons insecure, or with excessive
movement before operation, or sticking.
35
Emergency Exits (Exterior) VOSA IM Ref.16

6. Check any device for 6. While the doors are opened to their 6. X - A device for holding a door open is not
holding door an open. fullest extent, check that any device for effective.
holding a door open is effective.
7. Check hinges and door 7. Check security of and play in hinges 7. X - Excessively worn hinges or insecure door
pillars. and structural condition of door pillars. pillars which could adversely affect
operation of doors or emergency exits.
8. Supplementary locking 8. X - Supplementary locking devices can not

devices can be be overridden.
overridden by all of the
associated door controls.
9. Check the devices for 9. X - An emergency exit which does not remain
holding emergency exits securely closed, or is likely to open
securely in the closed inadvertently.
position.
36
Entrance Door VOSA IM Ref.16

Information
1. Examine the general condition of all 1. X - A door incomplete, damaged or missing.
passenger doors.
2. Check door operation 1. Open and close each door 2.

to the fullest extent.
Note: All doors should be
a. X - A door jammed or deliberately secured so that it
opened a minimum of 5 times to
see if they consistently open and cannot be opened, or cannot be consistently
close to the fullest extent. opened to the fullest extent.
b. D – An inward gliding door fails the minimum
2. Inward Gliding Doors - clearance check between the door frame and floor.
check clearance between the
door frame (not including flaps
or rubber seals) and entrance
flooring over the full range of
movement
Note: Use the manufacturers
recommended clearance, if none
are provided then 9 mm should
be used as a minimum clearance
3. Check markings describing the presence 3. X - Markings describing the presence and method of
and method of operation are fitted on, or operation missing, illegible or incorrect.
adjacent to the exit and are legible.
4. Check the emergency operation of power 4. X - A power operated door not capable of being opened
operated door controls. manually from inside or outside the vehicle using the
emergency controls for opening the door.
5. Check that markings describing how to open 5. X - Markings describing how to open the doors in an
the doors in an emergency are readily visible on emergency are missing or not adjacent to the door or are
or adjacent to the door and are legible. illegible.
37

Information
6. Check the operation of 6. A door opening mechanism:
opening mechanisms of a) X - defective or with excessive wear or damage to the
doors. extent that a door or emergency exit is difficult to open of
incapable of being opened.
b) X - control buttons loose, or with excessive movement
before operation, or sticking.
7. Check presence, condition 7. D - Draught excluder missing, torn or insecure (assess for
and security of draught serviceability). VI to record and Supervision to plan for
excluder. completion.
8. Check any device for 8. While the doors are 8. X - A device for holding a door open is not effective.
holding a door open. open to their fullest
extent check that any
device for holding a
door open is effective.
9. Check hinges/rollers and 9. Check security of and 9. a) X - Excessively worn hinges/rollers or insecure door
door pillars. play in hinges/rollers pillars which does or could adversely effect operation of
and structural surround doors.
of doors and pillars. Note: “could” is very subjective and as such if there is any
potential for the operation of the doors to be effected the
defect should be categorised X . In all other cases
categorise as “D”
10. Check the devices for 10. X - A door will not remain securely closed, or is likely to
holding doors securely in open inadvertently.
the closed position.
38

11. Check the presence and 11. X - A door release handle guard missing or
security of guards intended insecure.
to prevent the accidental
operation of door release
handles.
12. Check door operation does 12. With the engine switched off, 12. X - Repeated operation of the doors depletes
not effect braking system. check that the repeated operation the braking system air/vacuum below the
of power operated doors does pressure/level of vacuum at which the
not adversely effect the operation braking system circuit protection valve should
of the braking system. operate.
13. Check door operation. 13. Operate the door control and 13. X - The door opens or closes slowly,
check that the door opens in a suddenly or with excessive force.
smooth and controlled manner to
prevent injury to persons or
damage to the vehicle.
14. Check access to entrance 14. X - Access to an entrance or an exit is

and exits. obstructed.
15. Check for air leaks. 15. Check for air leaks with the doors 15. D - An air leak from any of the doors
in the Open and Closed position. operating mechanism.
16. Check that tactile plates 16. A - Tactile plate not fitted (where applicable).
(for blind assistance) are VI to show serviceable and Supervision to
fitted. plan for completion
39

17. Check that sensitive edges 17. 17.
are operation (where fitted a) Trigger the sensitive edge by hand a) X - A door sensitive edge on either leaf (on
or mandatory). as the door closes and check that rear doors, or on front doors where fitted)
the edge on both leaves causes inoperative.
the door to re-open.
b) Close the door using a 60mm b) X - A sensitive edge causes the door to re-
‘sensitive edge block’ and cycle, except when “sensitive edge blocks”
ensure that the edges are (60mm) are used for test.
deactivated when the door
approaches the fully-closed
position.
18. Plug doors (where fitted) 18. Check that plug doors operate in 18. X – A plug door opens or closes suddenly or
a smooth and controlled manner with excessive force and is likely to injure.
and are not likely to injure.
40
Emergency Exits/Warning Devices Interior VOSA IM Ref. 16

1. Check emergency door operation. 1. Open and close the emergency 1. X - An emergency exit jammed,
exits to the fullest extent, which hinges stiff/tight, or deliberately
should be at least 90 degrees. secured so that it cannot be
opened, or cannot be
consistently opened to the fullest
extent.
2. Check any device for holding the door open. 2. While the doors are opened to 2. X - A device for holding a door
their fullest extent, check that any open is not effective.
device for holding a door open is
effective.
3. For fixed type emergency exits such as 3.
“break glass” which require a hammer; a) X - Hammer for opening fixed
a) Check that hammer is present. type emergency exits
Check that the glass panel is fitted. missing.
b) Check that the glass frosted section is b) X - Glass frosted panel
correctly fitted so as the rough side is incorrectly fitted.
facing inwards.
4. Check that hammers not fitted behind glass . 4. X - Hammers not correctly
are correctly located, secured and readily located, secured or not
accessible readily accessible.
5. Check markings, describing the presence and 5. X - Markings describing the
method of opening the emergency exit(s), presence and method of opening
are readily visible on or adjacent to the exit an emergency exit missing,
and that they are legible. illegible or
incorrect.
41
Emergency Exits/Warning Devices Interior VOSA IM Ref. 16

Check Information
Failure Criteria
6. Check the operation of 6. An emergency exit opening mechanism:

opening mechanisms of a) X - defective or with excessive wear or damaged to
emergency exits. the extent that a door or emergency exit is difficult
to open or incapable of being opened.
b) X - with control buttons insecure or with excessive
movement before operation, or sticking.
7. Check the devices for holding 7. X - An emergency exit will not remain securely
emergency exits securely in closed, or is likely to open inadvertently.
the closed position.
8. Check the presence and 8. X - A door release handle guard missing or insecure.
security of guards intended to
prevent the accidental
operation of door release
handles.
. Note: Audible devices should 9. X - A door or emergency exit “open” warning device
9. Check for the presence and sound when the missing or inoperative.
operation of any emergency emergency handle is
exit “open” warning device operated and the window
including operation and is still in the closed
condition of micro switches position
42
Cab Door/Frame/Step/Floor VOSA IM Ref.16,17,23

Information
1. Examine the condition of the floor 1. X - Floor/floor covering lifting, torn, insecure or badly
and floor covering in the driver’s deteriorated.
area.
2. Check that the driver’s area is free 2. X - Presence of tickets roll(s), rubbish or other items likely to
from ticket rolls, rubbish and/or other effect proper control of the vehicle.
items.
3. Examine the general condition of the 3. X - A door missing, incomplete or damaged.
driver’s cab door.
4. Check cab door operation. 4. Open and close the door to 4. X - A door jammed/locked so that it cannot be consistently
the fullest extent. opened to the fullest extent.
5. Check cab door hinges and door 5. Check security of and play in 5. X - Worn hinges or insecure door pillars which could
pillars. hinges and structural adversely affect operation of the door.
condition of door pillars.
6. Check cabin partition frames/panels 6. X - Loose, broken or cracked frame/brackets/panels or
for security and presence of fastenings missing.
fastenings.
7. Check for damage, presence, 7 a) D - A vandal/forward assault screen missing where
security of vandal and forward normally fitted.
assault screen where fitted. b) X - Vandal/forward assault screen insecure and likely
fall out or to cause injury
c) D -As above but not likely to fall out or cause injury
d) X - If scratched so as likely to obstruct vision,
8. Check cab light for operation and 8. D - Cab light inoperative or with lenses missing or cracked.
missing or cracked lenses.
43
Radio/Ticket Equipment/Gear Change Footbrake Interlock
1. Check radio equipment for 1. D - Radio equipment insecure or

security and associated loose/damaged wiring.
wiring for correct X - Wiring in a condition that
fitment/damage. constitutes a fire risk
2. Check Ticketing Equipment 2. D - Ticketing Equipment insecure or with

for security of mountings sharp edges. (Vault light inoperative,
sharp edges and that vault record serviceable and supervision to
lights are operational. plan for completion).
3. Check associated wiring for 3 D - Associated wiring loose/damaged.

correct fitment/damage. X - Wiring in a condition that constitutes a
fire risk
4. Check Gear 4 D - Interlock inoperative/insecure

change/Footbrake interlock
for correct
operation/security.
44
Heaters/Demisters VOSA IM Ref. 17

Check Information
Failure Criteria
1. Check presence and condition 1. D - Demisting or defrosting equipment missing,

of demisting or inoperative or blocked.
defrosting equipment.
2. Check presence and condition 2. a) D - Heating equipment missing, inoperative.

of heating equipment. b) D - Leaking (mark for immediate attention if this
creates a health and safety risk to passengers
c) X – Leaking and likely to soil clothing.
3. Check cleanliness of 3. D - Ducting contaminated with dust/rubbish.

convector heating.
4. Check thermostat is fitted and 4. D - Thermostat missing or at incorrect setting.
set correctly.
5. Check air conditioning unit 5. D - Air conditioning equipment leaking or inoperative.

operates correctly.
45
Drivers Seat VOSA IM Ref.18
Functional
Information
1. Examine the drivers seat 1. X - Drivers seat frame/seat back supports broken, fractured or
frame/seat back supports damaged.
for breaks and fractures.
2. Examine its mounting and 2. X - Drivers seat mounting or seat adjusting mechanism insecure,
any seat adjusting broken, fractured or damaged. Excessive radial movement on
mechanism, noting pedestal or slide mechanism failing to engage.
movement.
3. Examine condition/security 3. a) X - Jagged edges on seats,likely to cause injury
of seat and seat cushion. b) X - seat or seat cushion insecure.
c) X - seat cushion torn or flat
d) X - any part of a seat or seat cushion dirty and likely to soil
clothing
e) D - seat or seat back in any other condition
4. Adjustment of driver’s seat Note: it is not 4. a) X – Driver’s seat so insecure that it could cause the driver to
necessary to lose control of the vehicle
ensure that seat b) X – Driver’s seat cannot be adjusted fore and aft.
can be secured c) D - seat cannot be freely adjusted with all available functions
in all possible (recline, tilt, height etc).
positions at
MOT. d) D - seat cannot be secured throughout the range of adjustments
available.
46
Chassis/Body Underframe VOSA IM Ref. 19,20,41
Inspection Schedule Functional

Checks and Failure Criteria
Information
Note: For vehicles without a chassis (ie integral) the body must be examined insofar as its construction acts as a chassis.
1. Check the condition of the body around the mounting 1. X - Excessive corrosion, cracks, holes or damage
points. of a load bearing member which affects its strength
near the body mountings.
2. Check chassis main and cross members for 2. X - Chassis main or cross member deformed,
deformation, fractures, advanced corrosion or cracking. cracked, holed, fractured or with advanced corrosion,
likely to affect strength/integrity. (Other than above
assess for serviceability, VI to record if appropriate,
Supervision to plan for completion).
3. Check frames/cross member junctions, outriggers for 3. X - Insecurity of flitch plates. Loose or insecure
indications of movement. Check securing bolts/rivets. fastening between frame and cross members or
Note: The following areas of Metrobus should be outriggers.
checked as stated above. X - Outriggers loose or insecure.
- N/S and O/S No. 2 outrigger gusset plates
- N/S and O/S No. 3 / No. 6 outrigger gusset plates.
4. Check welding for integrity 4. X - A weld cracked or breaking away.
5. Examine the condition and security of sub-frames and 5. Any sub-frame, mounting or security bracket:
mountings to chassis and check for: subject to loss of strength/integrity.
a) fractures. a) X - fractured.
b) looseness. b) X - loose.
c) deterioration. c) X - badly deteriorated.
d) presence. d) X - missing.
e) corrosion. e) X - corroded.
47
Chassis/Body Underframe VOSA IM Ref. 19,20,41
Functional Checks
Failure Criteria
6. Check chassis/body under frame for 6. X - Chassis/body under frame contaminated such
general cleanliness. that inspection of the vehicle is inhibited. (Report if
dirty).
7. Examine the following items for 7. X - Insecurity of the body and its supporting
security, freedom from fracture or members to the chassis.
distortion, excessive wear or damage and D - Other than above, loose fixings not likely to
check that none are missing: cause insecurity.
a) all fixings (eg brackets) securing the
body and its supporting members to the X - Structural (stress) panels/pillars holed,
chassis. excessive corrosion, cracked or damaged.
b) fixings (eg brackets) securing the body
to a sub-frame or supporting member.
c) securing bolts, rivets or welds for the
above fixings.
d) structural (stresses) panels.
8. Check for damage to rust proofing. 8. D - Areas where rust proofing has deteriorated
(assess for serviceability, VI to record and Supervision
to plan for repair with Brulox).
48
Condition of Body,Engine & Gearbox Mountings VOSA IM Ref.19,43

Information
Note: “Chassis” includes the under frame
on integrally constructed vehicles.
1. Examine all mountings 1 a) X - Any mounting (engine/gearbox) and/or
(engine/gearbox), and sub-frames for sub-frame or security bracket missing, or
security to the chassis. Check for unable to fulfil its function
splits, looseness or deterioration. b) X - Split, loose or badly deteriorated/oil
contaminated.
2. Examine the following items for 2. a) X - More than 1 in 3 brackets/fixings
security, freedom from fracture, missing/loose.
distortion, excessive wear or damage: b) X - More than 1in 3 fastenings loose/missing
a) all fixings (eg. brackets) securing the on brackets/fixings, securing the body to
body and its supporting members to chassis/sub-frame or supporting member.
the chassis. c) D - Otherwise than above in each case
b) all fixings (eg. brackets) securing the d) X - Excessive corrosion, cracks, or damage
body to the sub-frame or supporting of a structural panel.
member. NOTE: When assessing loose fixings/fastenings, the
c) securing bolts, rivets or welds for the examiner should be mindful of safety / non
above fixings. safety critical areas
d) structural (stress) panels.
3. Check the condition of the body and its 3. X - Insecurity, distortion, wear or damage of the
supporting members to the chassis. body and its supporting members to the chassis.
4. Check for damage to rust proofing. 4. D - Areas where rust proofing has deteriorated
(assess for serviceability). VI to record and
Supervision to plan for repair.
49
Auxiliary Belts/Drive Shafts VOSA IM Ref 54

Information
1. Check for presence, condition 1. a) X - A drive belt missing, deteriorated or

and adjustments of all drive belts. loose so that is is likely to slip.
b) D - air-conditioning pump seized
2. Examine drive shafts for wear 2. D - A drive shaft missing, badly worn or with
and missing or loose bolts etc. loose/missing bolts.
3. Check for condition of 3. X - Drive pulley cracked or loose.

compressor drive pulley.
50
Bulkhead/Air Cleaner/Trunking VOSA IM Ref.20,21,41

Information
1. Inspect the engine bulkhead and 1. X - Excessive corrosion, cracks or damage of
support for security, examine a load bearing member which seriously affects
plate for condition, corrosion, its strength near the body mountings.
cracks, welds and bolt security.
2. Check the security and 2. X - Seals missing or in poor condition. Fumes
effectiveness of any access entering passenger area – sound deadening
panels fitted to the bulkhead and material insecure/adrift/missing.
bulkhead sound deadening
material for security.
3. Check engine cover for security 3. X - An engine cover insecure allowing fumes
and condition. into the saloon, or a fire risk, or endangers
passengers.
4. Check welding for soundness. 4. X - A weld breaking away.
5. Check air filter casing for 5. D - Air filter casing insecure/damaged.

security/damage.
6. Examine air trunking for security 6. D - Air trunking insecure, damaged, collapsed
damage and signs of collapse or or split.
splitting.
7. Check filter restriction indicator 7. D - Filter indicator showing red or damaged.
(where fitted) for “Red” signal, Indicator broken.
high reading indicating possible
filter obstruction or lens indicator
broken.
51
Access Flaps & Engine Covers VOSA IM Ref.20
1. Examine the body exterior for: 1.

a) security and condition of access a) X - A door or flap likely to become
doors and flaps. insecure.
b) means of fastening access doors b) X – A door of flap that cannot be
and flaps in the open and closed secured in both the open and
position. closed position.
2. Check presence, condition and 2. D - Engine door micro switch

operation of engine door micro missing or inoperative.
switches.
3. Check condition and operation of 3. An engine door lock/catch/hinge
engine door locks and hinges. a) D - Seized, missing or
inoperative.
b) D - Stiff to operate. (Access for
serviceability VI to record if
appropriate, Supervision to plan
for completion).
c) D - Worn or adrift.
4. Where fitted check for condition and 4. D – Under tray – loose /

security of engine undertrays. excessively damaged.
52
Handrails/Grab Rails VOSA IM Ref.21,24

Information
1. Check the condition and 1. X - A handrail/grab rail, stanchion, guard

security of passenger rail or barrier missing/insecure or with
handrail/grab rail, stanchions, sharp edges.
guard rails and barriers.
2. Check the condition of any 2. D - Coating worn to the extent that the
coating applied to passenger base material can be seen over a large
handrail/grab rails and area of the handrail/grab rail/stanchion,
stanchions to aid vision. but would not present a sharp protruding
edge. (Assess for serviceability, VI to
record if appropriate, supervision to plan
for completion).
3. Check padding on relevant Grab rail padding is required where 4. X - Padding missing/badly damaged.
grab rails. there is a possibility that
passengers could injure their
head on any harsh object.
It should cover at least 300mm
directly in front of a passenger.
It can be either 50mm thick and
unable to compress more than
25mm or 25mm thick and unable
to compress more than 5mm.
53
Platform/Platform Light VOSA IM Ref.21
Functional Checks
and Information
1. Check condition and security of 1. X - Any floor, tread plate, step or platform weakened
floors, tread plates, steps and and likely to collapse in normal use or nosings
platforms. lifting/torn.
2. Check floor coverings on floors, 2. X - Floor coverings or floors, gangways, steps and
steps and platforms for platforms in a poor condition or insecure.
contamination wear, damage and
security.
3. Check platforms and steps are 3. X - Bulbs out or inadequate illumination of steps,
adequately illuminated. platforms and other facilities due to dirty broken light
units/lenses.
54
Transfers/Interior Notices VOSA IM Ref.21

Information
1. Check for the following statutory warning or 1. D - Statutory warning or advice notice
advisory notices: missing.
a) Passenger Carrying Capacity (must be able
to be viewed from outside the vehicle).
b) Conditions of Carriage.
c) “No Standing” notices where applicable.
d) Vehicle height notice
2. Check condition and security of Passenger Note: 2. D - PIN holders insecure, damaged or
Information Notice (PIN) holder where Remove all excess glue dirty.
fitted. and paper where PINs
have been stuck to the
window.
3. 3.
a) Check for presence and condition of the a) D - A card holder or the unfit sign
vehicle defect card holder. missing damaged or illegible
b) Check for presence and condition of b) A - A Company notice missing, in poor
company notices including date. condition or out of date (see Paint
and Transfer Drawings and
Advertisement position proformas).
Assess for serviceability, VI to
record if appropriate, supervision to
develop plans for completion.
55
Fire Extinguishers/First Aid Kit Fire Suppression Equipment VOSA IM Ref. 21

Functional Checks
Check
and Information
Failure Criteria
1. Check fire extinguisher for Note: Fire 1. A fire extinguisher:

presence, accessibility, condition, type extinguishers should be a) X - Missing
and marking. AFFF foam and be b) X - Inaccessible
marked BS 5423 or BS
EN 3 and have a c) X - Obviously discharged, or gauge showing red
minimum fire rating of d) X - In an obviously poor condition
8A or 21B (1 litre) or 8A e) X - Of the incorrect type / rating (see note)
34B (2 litre). f) X - Not marked to BS 5423 or EN3
g) D - Anti-tamper seal is damaged or missing
h) D - Out of date (over 5 years from date stamp on
extinguisher ie 5 years from manufacture or
5 years from re-charge).
2. Check fire extinguisher glass for Some vehicles may 2. a) X - Glass, insecure or incorrectly fitted.
presence, security, correct fitment and have had the glass Sandblasted surface facing outwards or “break
correct indication of “break here”. removed for ease of here” transfer missing.
access b) D - Glass missing where originally fitted
3. For vehicles in use on Private Hire Note: A bus marked as 3. First aid equipment :
only, check that first aid equipment carrying first aid a) D - Missing
is present and not obviously equipment must be b) D - Inaccessible
damaged or contaminated. so equipped.
c) D - Contaminated
d) D - In poor condition
e) D - Seals no longer intact.
56
Fire Extinguishers/First Aid Kit Fire Suppression Equipment VOSA IM Ref. 21
1. Check fire suppression gauge Note: Suppression tanks should be unclipped 1. D - Needle in the red area.
(where fitted) for correct and agitated as per manufacturer
pressure reading. recommended periodic servicing and
replaced in the bracket with the clips secured.
Gauge should also be checked as above.
57
Seat Frames and Cushions VOSA IM Ref. 21

Check Information
Failure Criteria
1. Examine all passenger seats for: Note: Any surface contamination of 1. A passenger seat:
a) Position the seat coverings should not a) X - layout which has been changed
take into account dust in the without approval
seat fabric or loose surface dust. b) X - frame crack/fracture,
b) security, or bent/distorted
distortion/bend or looseness in seat
c) tip-up seat operation frame/back/missing
c) X - tip-up seat not staying in the
d) condition and cleanliness raised position, springs weak
d) X - covering likely to soil
e) pull down seats marked with “pull down” passengers clothing
transfer D - any seat cushion torn.
e) D - pull down seats not marked with
f) seat cushions of the correct size are fitted “pull down” transfer
(not protruding into gangway) f) X - a cushion of the incorrect size
g) cushion/back seat padding. fitted (protruding into gangway)
g) A - seat cushion/seat back padding
flat (able to feel wood).
58
Interior Lights VOSA IM Ref. 21

Information
1. Check interior lights for presence, 1 a) D - Any interior light inoperative,
operation and security. missing or insecure.
b) X - insecure and likely to detach.
2. Check illumination at entrance/exit 2. X - not providing adequate illumination

step
3. Check diffusers to ensure that 3. a) D - Diffusers dirty, insecure or missing

saloon interior facilities are – not providing adequate illumination.
adequately illuminated. b) X - insecure and likely to detach.
59
Windows/Ventilators VOSA IM Ref. 21, 23

1. Check presence and security of all 1. a) X - Any window missing or
side, roof, or rear windows and insecure
rubbers ensuring that water is not b) X - any defect which allows water
leaking into the passenger areas. to leak through window gaskets into
passenger saloon.
2. Visually check the condition of all 2. a) D - A crack, surface damage or
side, rear and door significant discoloration in glass or
windows for cracks, surface other transparent material.
damage and discoloration. b) X - any damage likely to injure a
passenger.
3. Check for presence, security and 3. X - A guard rail or barrier at window,
condition of guard rails or internal screen or partition missing,
barriers at windows. insecure or damaged.
4. Check windows are made from Note: Acceptable marks include:- 4. X - Windows not made from safety
safety glass and displaying an BS 857, BS AU 178 glass displaying
acceptable mark. An ‘E’ followed by a number in a square an acceptable mark.
BS 5282 (on first use after April 1985)
TP GS (Only on vehicles first used before Oct 1986)
TP GSE (as above)
‘E’ including No. 43 R
Unacceptable marks:- Kite mark & BS 6206
5. Examine ventilators, roof hatches 5. X - Ventilators, roof hatches or
and windows that open for opening windows insecure, defective
ventilation, for security, condition or blockage to drainage channels.
and where applicable, that
drainage channels are clear.
60
Communication Bell/Strip VOSA IM Ref. 21
1. Check presence and Note: Ceiling mounted strip bell should be 1. X - The device intended for use of
operation of any operational along the entire length of the passengers to alert the driver missing,
device (visual or strip. inoperative or inaudible to the driver.
audible) operated by
passengers to alert or
request the driver to
stop the vehicle.
2. Check interior bus 2 a) X - Bus stopping sign insecure or not

stopping sign for working.
security, operation b) D - Partially illuminated.
and illumination.
61
Interior Panels/Trims/Mouldings VOSA IM Ref. 21

Information
1. Examine parcel racks / newspaper tray for 1. X - A parcel rack / newspaper tray in
security and condition. such condition that it could cause injury
to passengers or articles could fall out.
2. Examine interior surfaces, including roof 2. X - Interior surfaces including roof
linings, side panel coverings and their linings or side panels and their
retaining mouldings for security, condition, coverings or retaining mouldings
cleanliness and graffiti. insecure, damaged, protruding or
contaminated by offensive graffiti.
(Other graffiti to be booked under
vehicle presentation and Supervision to
assess for serviceability and plan for
completion).
3. For integral bodied vehicles, where the body 3) For integral bodied vehicles:
panels form part of the overall strength of the
vehicle, check in cases where any
replacement panels have been fitted, that: a) X - materials used for replacement
a) any materials used for replacement panels panels are obviously unsuitable for their
are suitable for their purpose. purpose.
b) the replacement panels are secured to the b) X - replacement panels are not
body using a sufficient number of the adequately secured to the body with the
appropriate type of fastenings. appropriate type of fasteners.
62
Interior Condition

Information
1. Interior Condition a) D - Dirt build up evident
b) D - Spillages not having been cleaned
up
c) D - Dirty/Broken Light Diffusers
d) D - Unacceptable materials and
methods of repair Includes use of
plates, rivets, staples and non
appropriate fixings
2. Seats a) D - Mismatched Moquette (If original
materials are not available standardise
on each deck by exchanging seats
between vehicles)
b) D - Unacceptable seat cover repair
methods
3. Destination Equipment a) A - Dirt on inside of glass
b) D - Faulty display
c) D - Size and wording inadequate
d) D - Failure to meet Corporate font
e) D - Failure to meet DDA legislation
63
Stairs and Stair light VOSA IM Ref. 21
Functional Checks
and Information
1. Check condition and security of 1. X - Any floor, riser, treadplate, step, gangway platform or
risers, treadplates, stairs, partition weakened, insecure, worn or damaged.
gangways, platforms and
partitions.
2. Check mats and coverings on 2. X - The surface of mats and coverings of steps /
steps / staircases for staircases
contamination, wear, damage insecure, worn, damaged or contaminated with
and security. offensive
graffiti. (Other graffiti is to be reported under vehicle
presentation and Supervision to assess for
serviceability
and plan for completion).
3. Check floor traps / floor trap 3. X - A floor trap / floor trap locking device likely to
locking devices for condition, collapse, insecure, protruding, damaged, worn or
security, protrusion, wear and defective.
effectiveness.
4. Check security and condition of 4. a) X - Any light insecure and likely to detach, (otherwise
interior lights to ensure that D)
steps, staircases, platforms and b) D - inoperative, damaged or not adequately
other facilities are adequately illuminated i.e. dirty lenses.
illuminated.
5. Check presence, security and 5. X - Head protection device missing, insecure or
condition of head protection damaged.
device where fitted.
64
Floor/Floor Traps VOSA IM Ref.14,21

1. Check condition and security of 1. X - Any floors, tread plates and
floors, tread plates and gangways weakened and likely to
gangways. collapse in normal use.
2. Check floor traps for: 2.

a) condition and security. a) X - floor trap likely to collapse or
b) locking devices for defects, wear insecure.
and effectiveness. b) X - a floor trap locking device
c) check floor traps and defective, or so worn that the
edgings/finishing strips for locking device is not effective.
protrusion. c) X - floor trap/floor trap ring
d) sound deadening material fitted protruding/missing/lifting or with
and secure. (Where fitted. As sharp edges.
original). d) D - sound deadening
missing/insecure or damaged.
3. Check condition and security of 3. X - Interior wheel arch corroded,

interior wheel arch. holed, insecure and/or liable to
allow water ingress.
65
Interior Mirror VOSA IM Ref.22

Information
1. Check interior mirror and 1. X - A mirror or mounting bracket
mounting bracket for security broken, insecure or in poor condition.
and condition.
2. Check that a person sitting in 2. D - A person sitting in a drivers seat

the drivers seat can see clearly cannot see clearly to the rear of the
to the rear of the saloon. saloon.
3. Check that the edges of any 3. X - An internal mirror not surrounded

internal mirrors are surrounded by protective material or with
by protective material. damaged protective material.
4. Check the condition of the 4. D - Poor condition of reflective

reflective material. material.
66
Mirrors or indirect vision devices VOSA IM Ref. 22

Information
1. Check that N/S and O/S mirrors are Note: “Indirect vision device" means a 1. X - N/S and O/S mirror (or IVD) missing
fitted. device to observe the traffic area adjacent or broken
to the vehicle which cannot be observed by
direct vision. This can be a conventional
2. Check the condition of each mirror mirror(s), camera-monitor(s) or other 2. A mirror reflecting surface
reflecting surface and whether a person device(s) (but not a periscope) able to X - Deteriorated or broken, or in such a
sitting in the drivers seat can see clearly present information about the indirect field position that a person sitting in the
to the rear. of vision to the driver. drivers seat cannot see clearly to the
rear.
3. Check each mirror and mounting 3. A mirror mounting bracket:
bracket for security and condition. X - Loose, or
X - In a deteriorated structural condition
4. Check height of mirror to floor. Note: Some vehicles, by design, are 4. D - Not to required height (below 2
2 metre height (applies to unable to meet this criteria. metres)
mirrors not viewed through the Failure criteria to be applied
windscreen) where 2 metre height can be
achieved or where obvious
modification has resulted in
mirror height being lowered.
67
Sun-visor/Periscope/Video Camera VOSA IM Ref.22,23
1. Check for fitment and 1. X - Sun-visor not fitted, damaged or

condition of sun-visor. will not stay in position.
2. Check for fitment, security 2 a) X - Periscope insecure or

and glass condition of damaged and likely to cause injury.
periscope mirror/viewing b) D - Periscope mirror missing or
monitor screen. unable to view through
c) X - Viewing monitor insecure or
damaged and likely to cause injury.
d) D - Not working.
3. Check for security and 3. D - Security equipment insecure,

presence of video security damaged or missing.
equipment if fitted.
68
Windscreen/Windows – Cab Area VOSA IM Ref.23

Functional Checks
and Information
1. Visually check the condition of all windscreens 1. A crack, surface damage or discoloration in glass
for cracks, surface damage and discoloration. or other
transparent material which
a) X - impairs the driver’s view of the road.
b) D - does not impair drivers view of the road.
(Assess for serviceability).
2. Visually check the condition of all other glass 2. D - A crack, surface damage or significant
for cracks, surface damage and discoloration. discoloration in glass.
Note: Report all dirty windows. (Assess for serviceability, VI to record if
appropriate and supervision to plan for
completion).
3. Check presence and security of all windows 3. X - Any window missing, or insecure. Any rubber
and rubbers, side,rear, destination and door damaged exposing sharp edges.
windows or rear windows.
4. Check water is not leaking into the cab area. 4. D - Water is leaking into the cab area.
5. Check for presence and security of destination 5. D - Destination glass masking missing or
glass masking. damaged. (Serviceable, VI to record and
supervision to plan for completion).
6. Check all glass displays an approved marking. 6. X - Any glass not made from safety glass or not
displaying an approved marking.
7. Check presence and operation of drivers 7. X - Drivers signal window missing
signal window, including fitment handles. D – Inoperative/incomplete or handle defective.
69
Windscreen View to Front VOSA IM Ref.23
1. Check view from cab seat 1. Sit in drivers seat and check that there is a 1. X - The position or size of any object
good view of the road ahead. A drivers view restricting the drivers view of the
must not be obstructed by stickers or any road ahead or encroach more than
other items (inc. fan motors, running board 40mm into the swept area, bearing
storage) that encroach more than 40mm into in mind the original design of the
the swept area. vehicle.
2. Check for damage / 2. Check from drivers seat that the area in front 2. X - A screen damaged/discoloured
discolouration of the centre of the steering wheel is free in the area in front of the centre of
from damage/discoloration the steering wheel.
D - Otherwise as above assess for
Note: Zone "A" is 350mm wide, in the serviceability, VI to record if
swept area of the screen and centred on appropriate and supervision to plan
the centre of the steering wheel. Zone for completion.
"B" is the remainder of the swept area.
Zone "C" is the remainder of the screen
not covered by Zones "A" or "B".
Examiners should have regard for the

three separate "zones" when assessing
damage or discolouration. A greater
amount of damage or discolouration
could be accepted in zone "C" than in
zone "B".
70
Accessibility Features VOSA IM Ref. 24

Check Information
Failure Criteria
Boarding Devices – Lifts, Ramps and
Portable Ramps
1. Check the boarding device to ensure: 1.
a) presence. a) X - missing or incomplete
b) function. b) X - is difficult to, or does not operate.
c) security. c) X - insecure, likely to detach.
d) any signs of structural weakness. d) X - structurally unsafe.
e) no sharp edges. e) X - edges are sharp and dangerous.
2. Check the boarding ramp for: 2.
a) operation to ensure it can be a) X - does not deploy fully.
deployed/lowered to the surface on which
the vehicle is sitting. b) X - ramp has sharp edges and/or
b) no sharp edges or protrusions. protrusions likely to cause injury.
c) contrasting colours around abutting c) X - contrasting colours missing or
edges for presence and condition. deteriorated/faded.
3. Check stowage devices for: 3.
a) safe stowage and correct operation of a) X - ramp cannot be stowed safely.
any stowage device.
b) stowage webbing. b) D - webbing is cut, frayed or
c) ease of operation of stowage device. deteriorated.
d) the vehicle cannot be driven unless the c) X - stowage device does not operate.
ramp is stowed correctly. d) X - vehicle can be driven with ramp
deployed.
71

Check Information
Failure Criteria
Portable Ramps
1. check that portable ramps: 1.
a) can be stored in a suitable position and a) X - ramp cannot be stored in a suitable,
cannot cause injury to the driver. safe position.
Wheelchair Spaces (Rearward Facing Only)

1. Check all wheelchair padded backrests for: 1.
a) presence. a) X - missing.
b) security. b) X - insecure.
c) general condition. c) D - in poor condition / deteriorating /
ripped.
2. Check each side of the wheelchair space for: 2.
a) a stanchion, retractable rail, partition or side a) X - missing, insecure or not functional.
wall.
Signs and Markings
1. For each wheelchair space check: 1.
a) there is a sign indicating the direction the a) X - sign missing, illegible or incorrect
wheelchair should face. instructions
b) there are signs explaining the use of (ie facing the wrong way).
wheelchair space. b) X - sign missing, illegible or incorrect.
Communication Devices
1. Check every wheelchair space to ensure: 1.
a) device to signal the driver is present and a) X - device missing
operational.
72
Lighting
1. Check interior and platform lighting: 1.

a) sufficient lighting for safe entry and exit. a) X - lighting insufficient or
inoperative.
Floors and Gangways
1. Check the condition of slip resistant 1. X - Slip resistant surface

surfaces. deteriorated (floor slippery).
Steps
1. Check condition of step/platform for: 1.

a) slip resistant material. a) X - slip resistant material
deteriorated, no longer
b) band of contrasting colour for presence, effective.
condition b) X - band missing,
and visibility. deteriorated, not visible.
Kneeling System
1. Check that the kneeling system operating 1. X - Operating controls are not
controls clearly identified and/or
are clearly identified and operational. inoperative.
73
Windscreen Wipe/Wash VOSA IM Ref.25,42

Checks Failure Criteria
Information
1. Check for presence of wiper and washer 1. X - A wiper switch and/or washer switch missing.
switch.
2. Turn on windscreen wiper and washers NOTE: As a general guide, 2. X - Wiper blades do not move over an area of
and check if wipers move over an area of single speed wipers windscreen sufficient to give the driver an adequate area
windscreen glass sufficient to give the should operate at through which to look, or do not continue to operate
driver an adequate view of the road in approximately 45-55 automatically – do not park when switched off. Wiper
front and forward of near side and offside, cpm and Twin speed blades move through slightly reduced arc or foul screen
and continue to operated automatically wipers at 30 – 5 cpm edges.
and park when switched off. minute on “slow” and
50 – 5 cpm on “fast”.
3. Check wiper blades for effectiveness. 3. X - Wiper blades ineffective not clearing screen.
4. Check that the windscreen washer(s) 4 a) X - Windscreen washers do not work satisfactorily, or
function satisfactorily. volume of water is not enough to clean the windscreen in
a) non stage carriage service conjunction with wipers. Vehicles used on service
b) Stage carriage service other than stage carriage operations
c) Check security and condition of washer b) D - windscreen washers not working
bottle. c) D - Washer bottle insecure, leaking cap, missing or in
poor condition.
5. For air operated wipers examine: 5.

a) the condition of all visible piping. a) D - pipes leaking, inadequately clipped or supported.
b) the function of the operating mechanism. b) X - incorrect function of the operating mechanism.
c) the function of necessary valves to protect c) X - incorrect operation of protection valves.
the braking systems.
d) D - wiper motor leaking air.
d) wiper motor for leaking air.
6. Check that switch is clearly marked for 6. D - Wiper/washer switch not clearly marked for on and
wiper/washer for on and off position. off position.
74
Windscreen Wipers VOSA IM Ref.25

Information
1. Check wiper blades/arms for Note: Check that blade is of 1. X - Wiper blade missing, insecure or so
presence, security and correct length and secure to deteriorated that it does not clear the
effectiveness. the correct length of arm. windscreen effectively – does not move over an
adequate area, or work continually when
switched on.
2. Check windscreen washer Use Washer mix only not plain 2. D - Windscreen washer bottle insecure, leaking
bottle for condition and water to avoid Legionnaires’ or in poor condition or with low screen wash
security/mounting and that disease. fluid.
screen wash fluid is topped
up.
3. Check for excessive wear in 3. D - Excessive wear or resistance in spindle

spindle. bushes.
4. Check where washer pipes are 4. D - Washer pipe insecure or fouling any part of
clipped to wipers that they are the mechanism.
clipped adequately and no foul
condition occurs.
75
Speedometer/Tachograph/Speed Limiter VOSA IM Ref.26,33,42

Information
Speedometer
1. Check that speedometer is fitted. 1. X - Speedometer is not fitted.
2. Check the condition of the speedometer. 2. X - Speedometer not complete, dial
glass broken or missing.
3. Check that the speedometer can be illuminated. 3. X - Speedometer cannot be illuminated.

(Where multiple bulbs are fitted and one
is not working record as a “D” defect for
planned repair)
4. Check speedometer operation 4. Check the operation when the 4. X - Speedometer clearly not working.
vehicle is being driven to the test
area and there are no
fluctuations.
Tachograph (when used as Speedometer only)
As above plus: Note: There is no requirement for a 1. X - Installation/Calibration plaque
re-calibration of these systems missing, insecure or damaged.
• Only if the tachograph is marked in KPH alone - after six years provided that the
Check installation/calibration plaque for presence system has been initially
and condition, date of calibration is clearly visible. calibrated and sealed, and that
the calibration plaque and
necessary seals remain intact.
2. Check “Dil Switch” covers and seals for presence Note: It is sufficient to check that 2. X - Dil switch cover missing, insecure,
and condition and that they are the correct type. there is an approved marking broken glass or damaged through
present. interference.
76
3. If a speed limited is required (which is 3.

sensed from the tachograph head)
check: a) X - seal is missing or broken.
a) seal fitted and not broken. b) X - an official seal not fitted.
b) an official seal is fitted.
4. If a speed limiter is not required check: Note: 4.

a) a seal has been fitted within the There is NO requirement for the a) X - seal is missing.
tachograph head. gear box sender unit to be sealed b) X - seal broken.
b) the seal is not broken. c) X - seal is not official.
c) the seal is official.
.
5. SPEEDO ONLY sticker fitted and 5. D - SPEEDO ONLY sticker not

legible. fitted and not legible.
6. Check dummy disk is fitted if not in use. 6. D - Dummy disc not fitted.
77
Speedometer/Tachograph/Speed Limiter VOSA IM.26,33,42

Information
Tachograph (when used as Tachograph)
1. Check that a tachograph is: Note: 1.
a) fitted. Ensure a Tacho disk is fitted a) X - tachograph is not fitted.
b) Operational (including clock). when submitting the vehicle for b) X – tachograph or clock inoperative.
c) shown in Kilometres per hour. MOT test. c) X - tachograph not displaying
d) can be illuminated. Kilometres per hour.
e) Dil switch cover is fitted and d) X - not illuminating.
undamaged. (Where multiple bulbs are fitted and one
is not working record as a “D” defect
for planned repair)
e) X - Dil switch missing, insecure or
damaged.
2. Check the tachograph manufacturers 2. X - Tachograph not displaying
serial number/date plaque and check for manufacturers serial number/data
“E” marking. plaque and/or “E” marking.
3. Check tachograph calibration/installation Note: 3. X - Calibration/installation plaque
plaque for presence/condition and date Installation/calibration expires missing, date of calibration not clearly
of calibration is clearly visible and valid. after six years. visible or out of date. (Date is more
than six years since installation or last
calibration).
4. Check that the two yearly check plaque 4. D - Plaque missing or illegible.
is visible and in date. (This is in the (Vehicle serviceable but not to be
head of the tachograph). used for private hire until checked).
78

Information
5. Check tachograph seals and 5. a) X - A seal missing or defective or where a
condition that that K Factor clearly “non mandatory” seal has been fitted in
Plaque is installed and clearly place of an “official” seal (This vehicle can
visible. not be used on private hire)
b) X - A K Factor plaque missing or not
6. Check size of tyres comply clearly visible.
with calibration plaque. 6. X – Tyres do not comply with plaque.
Digital Tachograph Note:
Check the following: Supervision to plan for completion of
1. The Tachograph is fitted and rectification work.
complete and operational 1 X - Not fitted, incomplete or not operational,
(including clock) including clock
2. The K factor plaque is present
3. The DIL switch covers and all 2 X - K factor plaque missing
seals for presence, condition 3 X - A DIL switch cover or a seal missing,
and they are the correct type damaged or of an incorrect type
4. That a printout can be 4 X - Unable to obtain a print out
obtained from the digital
tacho.
5 X - The K factor reading differs to that
5. That the tachograph has the displayed on the tachograph calibration plaque
same K factor as displayed on (there is no tolerance allowed on Digital
the tachograph calibration tacho’s)
plaque
79

Functional Checks
and Information
Speed Limiter Plate (where fitted)
1. Check that a speed limited plate is securely fixed in the 1. X - A plate missing or insecure.
drivers compartment.
2. Check that the plate is clearly visible. 2. X - The plate is not in a clearly visible position.
3. Check that the plate is clearly and indelibly marked 3. X - The plate is not clearly and indelibly marked with
with the set speed at which the speed limiter has the set speed.
been set.
4. Check that the set speed marked on the plate does 4. X - The set speed marked on the plate exceeds the
not exceed: relevant speed for the category of vehicle.
- 62.14mph for a vehicle first used on or after the 1
Jan 1988.
- 70mph for a vehicle first used on or after 1 April
1974 and before 1 Jan 1988.
5. Check any exposed actuating rods/cables for 5. X - Actuating rods/cables disconnected or damaged
disconnection or damage. to the extent that the operation of the speed limiter
is obviously affected.
6. Check any visible electrical wiring which energises the 6. X - Electrical wiring is obviously disconnected or can
speed limiter for disconnection or potential easy be easily disconnected by unauthorised means.
disconnection by unauthorised means.
7. Check as far as possible the presence and condition of 7. X - Tamper-proof device missing or defective, or
tamper-proof devices such as seals, lock nut, pins, showing evidence of obvious disturbance.
wires, plastic inserts, sealing compound or sealing
paint on mechanical and electrical connections.
80
Horn/Vandal Alarm/Reversing/Handbrake Alarm VOSA IM Ref.27

Information
1. Check security of 1. X - Horn control insecure/missing.
horn/reversing horn control.
2. Check that horn/reversing 2.

horn functions, noting the a) X - horn does not sound.
character of the sound. b) X - horn operates but the sound has such a
low volume that is unlikely to be heard by
other road users.
c) X - horn sound is intermittent and volume is
variable.
3. Check security of horn, 3. X - Horn insecure/missing, brackets broken or

bracket and wiring. wiring insecure.
4. Check condition and 4. D - Vandal alarm inoperative.

operation of vandal alarm.
5 Check Operation of 5 X – Handbrake warning system not working

Handbrake Off Warning correctly
System
81
Fuel Shut Off/Engine Stop-Start VOSA IM Ref.28,45

Information
1. Check that a means of stopping the 1. X - A means of stopping the engine not
engine is provided and operates at provided or inoperative.
idling and at half revs.
2. Check mechanical linkage and all 2. X - Evidence of worn or stiff linkage,

adjacent pipes and wiring. leaks, chaffed/insecure pipes or poor
wiring condition.
3. Check presence, accessibility, 3. D - An Emergency fuel cut-off device

condition, marking and operation of a missing, inaccessible, defective, or its
fuel emergency cut-off device. location and method of operation NOT
clearly marked.
4. Check fuel “cut off” device and pipe 4. X - Any leak detected from fuel “cut off”
work is free from leaks. device or associated pipe work.
5. Check additional engine start control 5. D - Engine start control inoperative or in

(where fitted) for operation and poor condition.
condition.
82
Foot Pedals/Driver Controls VOSA IM Ref.28,37

1. Check driver 1. While sitting in the drivers seat, by operating the 1.
controls. driving controls, where appropriate, check that a) X - functionally incomplete.
they are: b) X - cracked, fractured or
a) functionally complete. excessively corroded.
b) not cracked, fractured or excessively corroded. c) X - obstructed or impeded in its
c) not obstructed or impaired in their travel. travel.
d) positioned so that they can be satisfactorily d) X - positioned so it cannot be
operated without impairing proper control of the operated without impairing proper
vehicle. control of the vehicle.
e) secure. e) X - insecure.
f) excessively stiff or seized f) X – excessively stiff or seized.
2. Check anti slip 2. X - Anti slip provision loose,
provision on pedals. missing or worn smooth.
3. Check pedal bearing 3. Move pedal from side to side and examine 3. Pedal:
and pivot. condition of pedal bearing and pivot. a) X – Has excessive side movement
Note: (If this cannot be checked from drivers area it must at right angles to its normal
be checked from under the vehicle) movement, indicating a badly
worn pedal pivot.
b) X – Pedal does not release correctly
4. Depress pedal to 4. X - Pedal fouling parts of the
check for fouling on vehicle so that free movement of
other parts of the pedal is obstructed.
vehicle.
83
Foot Pedals/Driver Controls VOSA IM Ref.28,37

Information
5. Check pedal/floor clearance. 5. Depress pedal fully and check 5. X - When pedal is fully depressed, there is not
its position relative to the floor sufficient reserve clearance between the pedal
and floor. This does not apply to power
operated braking systems, provided valve is
fully open before the pedal is fully depressed.
6. Check security of pedal and 6. X - Insecurity of any attachments to pedal or
pedal operating lever. operating lever.
7. Check condition of pedal 7. X - A part of the pedal assembly fractured,
assembly. cracked, excessively corroded or incomplete,
or will not function correctly.
8. Check for presence of treadle 8. X - A circlip missing.
centre pin circlip.
9. Check that any means of 9. X - A means of stopping the engine inoperative.
stopping the engine is
functioning.
10. Check gear selection switch 10. X - Gear switch insecure or gear button not
for security and operation. operating correctly/illuminating where
applicable.
11. Check that the vehicle does 11. X - Vehicle drives in neutral.
not drive forward/reverse in
neutral.
12. Check forward/reverse gears 12. D - A forward or reverse gear inoperative.
operating correctly.
84
Steering Wheel/Column Play VOSA IM Ref.30
1. Check steering wheel free 1. With road wheels in the straight ahead 1. If a point on the rim of the steering
play position, lightly turn the steering wheel to the wheel moves without the road wheels
left and right as far as possible without moving for a distance of more than:
Note: turning the road wheels and note amount of a) X - 1/5 of the diameter of the steering
free play. wheel, e.g. 76mm on a 380mm
(I) vehicles with power
steering must be inspected diameter wheel, except on rack pinion
with the engine running. steering.
(II) while the power steering b) X- on rack and pinion steering, 1/30 of
pump is working but not the steering wheel diameter, e.g.
provided hydraulic 13mm on a 380mm diameter wheel.
assistance, the steering
wheel play is slightly greater c) Free play of up to 1/8 of diameter, e.g.
than with manual steering 48mm on a 380mm diameter wheel is
systems. acceptable where the steering wheel.
• is placed forward from rack and pinion
steering, and
• has a number of joints to the rack.
85

2. Check steering wheel 2. Rock the steering wheel from side to a) X - movement between steering
condition side at right angles to steering wheel column shaft and steering wheel
column and apply firm downward and indicates that there is looseness
upward pressure to steering wheel rim between them.
(in line with column). X - steering wheel hub fractured.
X - steering wheel rim fractured.
X - a steering wheel spoke fractured.
X - jagged edges on steering wheel
rim.
Refer to ADL Service Bulletin 712 April 2005
3. Check steering wheel 3. For vehicles with adjustable steering 3. X - Any foul condition or incorrect
adjustment. wheels check for: operation at any position.
a) correct operation at top, middle and X - A steering wheel misaligned.
bottom adjustment positions. D - A steering wheel spoke obscuring
b) steering wheel locks into position gauges.
c) Steering adjuster is interlocked to X - Steering wheel does not lock into
prevent use in motion position securely.
D - A steering wheel adjuster interlock
inoperative
86
Check for: Functional Checks and Information Failure Criteria

4. Where possible check 4. X - A steering wheel hub retaining device
retaining device on steering is not fitted/loose.
wheel hub is fitted and
secure.
5. UJ Wear 5. Try to fit the steering wheel in line with 5. X - Excessive movement of centre of
the steering column and note the steering wheel in line with steering column
movement at the centre of the steering (end float) or knocking indicating wear in
wheel. Check for knocking to ascertain the UJ.
if UJ worn.
6. Side play movement 6. Push steering wheel away sideways and 6. X - Side play of more than 2mm per side
return. Note any excessive side play indicating a badly worn top bearing or
movement. insecure top mounting brackets.
7. Flexible coupling 7. While steering wheel is rotated, check 7. X - A flexible coupling or joint deteriorated,
deterioration for deterioration in any flexible coupling. worn or insecure.
8. Check earth strap is 8. D - Earth strap broken/insecure.

secure and in good
condition.
9. Where practical, check 9. X - A coupling clamp bolt or locking device
any clamp bolts for loose or missing.
presence and security
locking devices. (May be in
engine compartment or
under chassis).
87
Air Pressure Build Up VOSA IM Ref.34

Information
1. Check air build up. 1. Completely empty all 1. a) D - build up of pressure/vacuum is
reservoirs by repeatedly slow i.e. time between starting the
applying the foot brake pedal engine and warning device ceasing to
and hand brake lever. Start operate should be no more than two
Note: the engine and run it at just minutes pressure systems or one
If the time recorded for the vehicle below governed speed. minute for vacuum systems.
is apparently longer than expected b) X - Low Air Warning device failing to
from that type of vehicle, this should operate or stays on
be taken to indicate undue wear or a Note down the time it takes for
defect in the equipment. the warning to go off and to c) X - Air pressure build up time to
reach full operating pressure. system minimum working pressure
(approx 45 psi or 3.2 bar) greater than
3 minutes.
2. Check for any air leaks within the 2. X - Air leak(s) along the supply line.
supply line from the compressor to
the MCPV including air dryer unit and
condenser drain valve, and any other
associated valves/pipe work.
88
Gauges/Low Pressure Signal VOSA IM Ref.34

1. Check that a low air pressure Note: 1. X - No visual low air pressure warning
visual warning device is fitted or, Minimum air pressure necessary to turn off audible device fitted or, for vehicles first used on or
for vehicles first used on or after warning must not be less than 45 psi. after 1 April 1983, no visual or audible
1 April 1983, that a visual or warning low air pressure device fitted.
audible low air pressure warning
device is fitted.
2. Check that the mandatory visual 2. X - A mandatory visual warning device
warning device is illuminated which cannot be seen by the driver.
and can readily be seen in Note: Post 1983 only one device is
darkness by the driver. required to operate
3. Check operation of gauges, 3. Apply the foot brake (service brake) repeatedly, 3.
warning devices and multi circuit gradually depleting the air/vacuum system and: a) X - a required warning device/gauge not
protection valve. a) watch for operation of the warning device or working correctly.
gauge. b) X - not enough assistance to give at least
b) when warning device sounds check for at least two further full brake applications.
two further assisted brake application. c) X - incorrect sequence of air tank
c) check for correct operation of air system multi depletion.
circuit protection/quad valves. With the service d) X - Incorrect sequence of air pressure
system fully charged engine stopped with ignition build up
on deplete park brake air system low air warning Note: There are a number of variants by
should operate when air reaches threshold, further design which effect functionality of
deplete system observing that air gauges of MCPV’s.
service system do not fall below threshold for
MCPV. If the sequence of depletion and build up
are suspected identification of the valve
d) Check MCPV correct operation on air build up. and its functionality will need further
Park brake should remain on until minimum investigation.
operating pressure is reached in service system
and low air warning device ceases to operate
89
Inspection Manual
Handbrake Levers/Controls VOSA IM Ref.36,39

Inspection Schedule Functional Checks and Information Failure Criteria
Note: In some cases, it is not possible to check this item completely from the drivers area but only to get an indication of its condition. If a
defect which cannot be verified from the drivers area is suspected, the inspection must be continued from under the vehicle.
1. Examine brake lever for: 1. Brake lever:

a) fractures or cracks. a) X - fractured or cracked.
b) corrosion. b) X - badly corroded.
c) insecurity c) X - insecure.
d) position.
d) X - so positioned that it cannot be
operated satisfactorily.
2. Check lever pivot side play and security of 2. With the brake lever in the OFF position: 2.
mechanism. a) note the amount of side play in lever pivot by a) X - play in lever pivot suggests
moving the lever from side to side. early failure is likely, or pawl
b) check the condition and security of the pawl disengaging by accident.
mechanism and lever pivots, and their b) X - condition of pawl mechanism
mountings. or lever pivots or their mountings
likely to cause early failure.
3. Check operation of pawl mechanism. 3. Without operating pawl mechanism, apply 3. X - Pawl spring is not pushing
brake slowly and check effective operation pawl positively into ratchet teeth or
of pawl mechanism by listening for definite the ratchet has broken or
and regular clicks as pawl moves over excessively worn teeth.
ratchet teeth. X – Ratchet does not disengage as
required.
90
Inspection Manual
Handbrake Levers/Controls VOSA IM Ref.36,39

4. Check security of handbrake lever in “ON” 4. When brake is fully applied: 4.
position. a) knock top and each side of brake hand a) X - when knocked, lever not held
lever, checking that the brake is held in “ON” position.
securely in “ON” position. b) X - when brake is fully applied
b) assess if lever is at the end of its working there is not sufficient further
travel. movement of the lever because it is
at the end of its working travel on
c) Check that lever is not impeded in its travel. the ratchet.
c) X - lever is impeded in its travel.
5. Check for presence of locking or retaining 5. X - Locking or retaining devices
devices. not fitted or insecure.
Air Note: This inspection covers all hand operated valves which control secondary brakes, spring brakes, parking brakes or lock actuators.
1. Check control for loose connections or 1. X - Connections loose or a leak in

leaks. the system.
2. Check that the valve is functioning correctly. 2. X - A malfunction of the valve
including impeded travel.
3. Check valve for condition and security on 3. X - Valve insecure on mounting
mounting bracket. bracket or wear in the gate or lever
locating mechanism.
4. Check security and condition of mounting 4. X - Mounting plate insecure,
plate to fascia and all fixings are present. cracked and/or any fixings missing
(Particularly check Volvo B6, B10B, B10L). or loose.
5. Check hand control lever is marked for on 5. D - Hand control lever not clearly
and off position. marked for on and off position.
91
Brake System/Linkages VOSA IM Ref. 36, 59

Information
Flexible hoses and plastic pipes
1. Examine all flexible hoses and 1. A flexible hose or plastic pipe:
plastic piping for: a) X - hose or connector not to correct
a) acceptability of material. specification.~
b) sufficient room to move as b) X - fouling on any part of the vehicle.
necessary without fouling any part of
the vehicle. c) X - kinked.
c) kinks. d) X - stretched or twisted.
d) stretching or twisting. e) X - excessively chaffed or deteriorated
e) chafing or deterioration. (reinforcement visible).
f) corrosion / deterioration at f) D - couplings corroded / deteriorated
couplings. such that the fitting will not turn without
g) security. fracturing the coupling
h) exposure to excessive heat. g) X - not adequately secured / clipped.
h) X - exposed to excessive heat.
2. Check for leaks in system 2. X - Leaking (anywhere in the system).

particularly when brakes are applied.
3. Examine hoses for signs of 3. X - Bulging or other signs of weakness.

weakness under pressure with foot
brake fully applied.
92

Checks Failure Criteria
Information
Brake Pipes
4. Check all accessible rigid brake pipes to 4. A brake pipe:

ensure they are free from:
a) fouling by moving parts, or chafing. a) X - fouled by moving parts or
b) external corrosion. excessively chafed.
c) damage. b) X - excessively corroded.
d) repair. c) X - damaged.
d) X - repaired, other than a proper
sleeved repair to a rigid air brake pipe
e) leaks. (brazed pipe).
e) X - leaking.
5. Check brake pipes are adequately 5. X - A brake pipe inadequately
secured. secured.
6. Check compression type joint fittings have Note: Compression type joint 6. X - A brake pipe inadequately repaired
not been used for repairs or fitting fittings are not suitable for the or with unsuitable joint fittings.
replacement pipes on hydraulic brake use on hydraulic brake systems.
systems.
93

Information
Mechanical Components
7. Examine the mechanical components of the 7.
brakes which can be seen without dismantling; a) D - brake rod or lever reduced in
check in particular for: diameter by more than 1/4 of the
a) badly chafed rod or levers. original.
X - reduced by more than 1/3 of original
diameter
b) corroded, frayed or knotted cables. b) X - a brake cable corroded, knotted or
with wires broken so that it is weakened
c) any corroded or damaged rod, lever or significantly.
linkage; wear in eyes of relay levers. clevis c) X - serious weakening of any part due to
joints, stationary pins or pivots. excessive wear, damage or corrosion.
Note: d) X - a locking device insecure or absent.
d) presence and security of locking devices.
e) restriction of free movement of the system. Locking devices might not e) X - restricted free movement of brake
be obvious on some components.
f) abnormal movement of levers, indicating vehicles with Type f) X - abnormal movement of levers
incorrect adjustment or excessive wear. Approved braking indicating incorrect adjustment or
systems. excessive wear.
g) condition of cable guides
g) X – cable guide defective
94

Information
Valves
8. Check valves for: 8. A valve:
a) security and mounting. a) X - insecurely mounted.
b) damage. b) X - damaged or excessively corroded.
c) leaks. c) X - leaking.
d) excessive discharge of oil from brake d) X - with excessive discharge or oil from
pedal exhaust valve, unloader valve and/or brake pedal exhaust valve, unloader valve,
governor valve. and/or governor valve/air dryer unit
e) operation. e) X - defective in operation.
9. Check unloader valve (allow one 9.
complete cycle) for: a) X - air leak.
a) air leaks (from ¼ “ air dryer pipe).
Note: Damp patches around

valves or adjacent components
should not be considered a reason
for rejection. Where there is
evidence of heavy discharge of oil
from the valve at the time of test,
i.e. during depletion or build up of
pressure, this is a reason for
rejection.
95
Valves (Continued)
9. Check load sensing valves for: Note: This includes all 9. A valve
a) presence and connection. compensating linkages a) X – shows evidence that a load sensing valve has
and brackets connecting been removed or disconnected when it is known to be
b) condition. the load sensing valve to a standard fitment
the suspension and axles. b) X - load sensing valve seized or restricted in its free
c) condition of mechanical movement.
operating linkage.
c) X - linkage or brackets cracked, defective or out of
adjustment.
10.Check load sensing valve data 10.Load sensing valve data plate:
plate, where fitted / required, for: Note: LSV data plate
a) presence requirement applies only to
vehicles registered on or a) X - missing
b) legibility after 29th October 2011.
c) correct fitment for vehicle type b) X - illegible
c) D - incorrect for type of vehicle
96
Warning Lights VOSA IM Ref.38,42,63

Functional
Information
1. Check that the function is clearly marked on all 1. X - The function not clearly marked on any switch or
warning lights or switches and that warning lights are warning light necessary for the safe operation of the
operational. vehicle and/or warning lights not operational.
2. Check visible electrical wiring for: 2. Electrical wiring:

a) condition. a) X - not adequately insulated/damaged.
b) security. b) X - not adequately secured.
c) position. c) X - positioned so that it is chafing or clipped to a fuel
line or likely to be damaged by heat so that the
insulation will become ineffective.
d) signs of overheating. d) X - with evidence of overheating.
e) heavy oil contamination. e) D - heavily contaminated with oil.
f) pay particular attention to all wiring security, f) X - any wiring identified as a potential fire risk must
insulation and routing, assessing for risk or potential be coded for immediate repair
risk of fire.
3. Check security of dash panelling. 3. D - Dash panelling insecure.
4. Check rear fog lamp tell tale is fitted and can be 4. X - Rear fog lamp tell tale not fitted, not working, or
seen by the driver to indicate that rear fog lamps are not readily visible to the driver.
switched on.
5. Where applicable to vehicle, with engine running 5. D - If E.D.C. yellow warning light intermittent, record
check E.D.C (Electronic Diagnostic Control) warning on inspection sheet and report to supervision.
light for any fault codes. (Ensure ignition key is in (Supervisor to check stored codes before submitting
correct position to permit check. vehicle for service).
97
DriveGreen equipment check Operational Equipment

1 Use a Dallas key and check that 1 If the bus has been left standing for 1. D - Damage to the LED hood or Dallas
GreenRoad LED warning lights 10 minutes or more the LED’s will Probe.
show in sequence and an audible not be active. 2. D - Steady light does not show if vehicle has
‘beep’ is heard. 2 If the bus has been standing for less not been standing for more than 10 mins.
2. Check Drivegreen LED Hood and than 10 minutes the LED display
3. D - Lights do not show in sequence when a
Dallas probe. will show a steady light.
Dallas probe is used.
3 In any case - when you touch the
Dallas key to the probe on the 4. D - Audible beep is not heard when a Dallas
dashboard – the unit will beep. At probe is used.
the same time the LED’s will light
up briefly as the system does a
self check.
Top Tip: if lights do not show in

sequence and no audible beep
is heard when a Dallas key is
used, try cleaning the probe on
the dashboard.
1. Check visible GreenRoad electrical 1. Electrical wiring:
wiring for: a) X - not adequately insulated/damaged.
a) condition. b) X - not adequately secured.
b) security.
c) X - with evidence of overheating.
c) position.
d X - any wiring identified as a potential fire
risk must be coded for immediate repair
98
Service Brake Operation VOSA IM Ref. 38

This check relates to vehicles fitted with ABS checking systems only.
Note: Mercedes Citaro articulated vehicles are not included as a static ABS test is not available.
1. Check ABS DENNIS TRIDENT (ALEXANDER)

1. Turn ignition on and check that the 1. X - ABS light does not illuminate.
ABS light illuminates. 2. X - ABS light does not illuminate or does not
2. Turn ignition on for a second time stay on for 2 seconds.
and check that the ABS light illuminates
for 2 seconds.
1. Check ABS VOLVO B7 TL (ALX400, PLAXTON,
GEMINI) 1. X - ABS light does not illuminate before the
1. Turn ignition on and check that the other lights in the cluster, or does not illuminate at
ABS light illuminates before the other all.
lights in the cluster. 2. X - ABS light extinguishes before all other lights
2. Check that the ABS light stays on in the cluster.
and extinguishes at approx 3 seconds
after the other lights in the cluster.
Note: If a fault is detected on either of the above chassis types the light will remain illuminated, all error codes should
then be cleared. In the case of the Volvo B7 TL the vehicle will need to be driven over 7kph if fault codes are
stored in the memory.
1. Check ABS MERCEDES 0405GN
1. Turn ignition on and check that ABS 1. X - ABS light does not illuminate or
light illuminates and stays illuminated. extinguishes prior to
Note: The ABS light will remain moving the vehicle
illuminated until the vehicles travels
over 7kph.
99
Functional
Information
1. With air pressure or vacuum systems with reservoir 1. X - Air pressure or vacuum systems gauge
at maximum pressure or vacuum, fully depress the reading drops when pedal depressed
pedal and note the change in gauge readings to see indicating a leak in the system.
if they give indications of a leak in the system.
2. Hydraulic systems (other than full power systems): 2. Hydraulic systems (other than full power
Fully depress the pedal and keep it depressed under systems):
steady pressure.
a. check that the pedal does not creep down a) X - pedal creeps down when depressed
under full pressure.
b. check there is no sponginess b) X - sponginess when pedal depressed.
3. For brake systems assisted by engine vacuum, 3. X - Brake systems assisted by engine vacuum,
deplete the vacuum, partly depress the pedal, start the pedal does not dip when engine started,
the engine, and check if the pedal can be felt to dip. indicating lack of assistance.
4. For full pressure hydraulic systems, check that the Loss of pressure will 4. X - Full pressure hydraulic systems, the system
be indicated by the
system pressure is maintained for at least 10 minutes operation of the low pressure is not maintained for 10 minutes
when the brakes are off and the engine is stopped pressure warning when the brakes are off and the engine is
device. stopped.
100
Checks /
Info
1. If the vehicle is fitted with an ABS or ESC system, check 1. The warning lamp:
that a warning lamp: a) X - is missing
a. is fitted b) X - does not illuminate
b. illuminates c) X - indicates a fault
c. does not indicate a fault d) X - for ABS, does not follow the correct sequence
d. follows the correct sequence of operation of operation
(ABS only)
2. Vehicles fitted with ABS and or ESC: 2. Vehicles fitted with ABS and or ESC
a. Check the presence and condition of all visible a ) X - An ABS or ESC system component obviously
ABS and ESC system components. missing or excessively damaged.
b. Check the condition of all visible ABS and ESC
system wiring. b) X - ABS or ESC system wiring excessively
c. Check all ABS and ESC system components for damaged.
any c) X - An ABS or ESC system component
inappropriate repair or modification. inappropriately repaired or modified.
d. Check the presence, condition and operation of d) X - An ESC system component missing, insecure
ESC components including MIL lamp. or faulty.
3. On Vehicles fitted with electronic brake systems (EBS) On vehicles fitted with electronic brake systems (EBS)
check:
a. the warning device functions correctly a) X - the warning device malfunctions
b. the warning device does not indicate an EBS b) X - the warning device indicates a fault with the
fault EBS
c. any EBS connecting lead is present c) X - EBS connecting lead missing (where required)
101
Check Checks / Info Failure Criteria
Electronic Braking Systems (EBS) Check EBS/ABS warning X - MIL inoperative or any red MIL illuminated
ABS/EBS equipped vehicles lamps are operative X - No available evidence of EBS function
Vehicles fitted with ABS and EBS must have D - Yellow MIL illuminated (see note 3b).
mandatory red and amber/yellow MILs fitted.
Anti-lock Braking Systems (ABS) Check ABS warning lamp X - ABS Warning light inoperative or indicates a fault.
ABS only vehicles is operative
Vehicles fitted with ABS only must have a
mandatory warning malfunction indicator lamp
(MIL) that illuminates when the system is
energised (ignition or battery master switch on).
102
Electrical Wiring/Starter Motor/Alternator VOSA IM Ref.42

Information
1. Check all electrical wiring for: 1. Note: Electrical wiring 1. Wiring:
a) condition/insulation. encased in a sleeve or a) X - not adequately insulated.
b) security/correct clipping. protected such that the b) X - not adequately secured/clipped.
insulation of the wiring is
c) position. not in direct contact with c) X - positioned so that it is chafing or
d) signs of overheating. fuel pipe is acceptable clipped to a fuel line
e) heavy oil contamination. d) X - with evidence of overheating.
f) pay particular attention to all wiring e) D - heavily contaminated with oil.
security, insulation and routing, assessing f) X - any wiring identified as a potential fire
for risk or potential risk of fire. risk code for immediate repair
2 Check all heat sensors for: 2 X - Any heat sensor missing, corroded, dirt
presence, corrosion, dirt encrustation, encrusted, insecure, damaged or obviously
damage, operation and security inoperative
3. Ensure the alternator and starter motor 3 Alternator/starter motor:

are secure and wiring to both is not chafed a) X - nor adequately secured or clipped
or exposed and that the starter motor b) X - not adequately insulated.
terminals are protected.
c) X - wiring and components show evidence
of overheating.
d) D - heavily contaminated with oil.
e) D - protective boots missing on starter
motor live terminals.
f) X - any wiring identified as a potential fire
risk must be coded for immediate repair
103
Inspection Manual
Switches/Panel Lights VOSA IM Ref.42

1. Examine switches controlling all 1. Insecurity or malfunction of a switch
lights: controlling:
a) head lamps. a) X - head lamps.
b) front position and front end outline b) X - Front position and front end outline
lamps. lamps.
c) rear position and rear end outline c) X - rear position and rear end outline
lamps. lamps.
d) direction indicators. d) X - direction indicators.
e) hazard warning lamps. e) X - hazard warning lamps.
f) rear fog lamps. f) X - rear fog lamps.
2. Check that the function is clearly 2. X - The function not clearly marked on
marked on all switches and warning any switch or warning light necessary
lights necessary for the safe for the safe operation of the vehicle.
operation of the vehicle including test
circuits etc.
3. Check that high voltage circuits (eg. 3.
florescent lighting) are protected by a) X - high voltage circuits not completely
double pole switches or isolating isolated by operation of one isolating
switches, situated inside the vehicle switch.
and accessible to the driver. b) X - a switch which is obviously single
pole used as an isolating switch for
double insulated circuits.
c) X - a switch not accessible.
d) X - a switch which does not remain in
the off position.
104
Electric Control Board(s)/Wiring VOSA IM Ref.42

Information
1. Check all electrical wiring, circuit 1. Wiring:
breakers and fuses for: a) X - not adequately insulated.
a) condition. b) X - not adequately secured.
b) security. c) X - positioned so that it is chafing or clipped
c) position. to a fuel line or likely to be damaged by heat
so that insulation will become ineffective.
d) signs of overheating. d) X - with evidence of overheating.
e) heavy oil contamination. e) D - heavily contaminated with oil.
f) water ingress. f) D - with evidence of water ingress.
g) grommets installed where g) X - grommets missing, insecure and/or
required. deteriorated.
h) X - Any wiring, circuit breaker or fuses
identified as a potential fire risk must be
coded for immediate repair
2. Check operation and condition of 2. D - Insecure, inoperative, partly seized or in

electrical isolation switches. poor condition.
105
Batteries/Battery Box VOSA IM Ref. 42

Functional Checks
Failure Criteria
1. Check battery tray, carrier and locking 1) a) X - Battery tray and / or carrier insecure,
device for security, holed, cracked or likely to become displaced.
condition and smooth operation. b) D - Hinges / slides worn / stiff,
locking device inoperative / missing.
2. Check: 2. a) X - battery insecure

a) batteries for security b) X - battery case leaking
b) batteries for leaks c) X - battery box inadequately vented
c) battery boxes are vented d) X - battery cell closures missing or insecure
d) battery cell closures are fitted and secure e) D - battery terminals dirty, loose or corroded
e) battery terminals for tightness and f) D - a battery surface excessively
cleanliness contaminated
f) battery surface excessively contaminated g) X - acid fumes leaking into passenger
g) battery and fumes. compartment.
3. Check all electrical wiring for: 3. Wiring

a) condition a) X - not adequately insulated
b) security b) X - not adequately secured
c) position. c) X - positioned so that it is chaffing or clipped
to a fuel line or likely to be damaged by heat so
that insulation will become ineffective.
d) X - with evidence of overheating
e) D - heavily contaminated with oil.
f) D - any wiring identified as a potential fire risk
must be coded for immediate repair
106
Chassis Wiring VOSA IM Ref. 42

1. Check all electrical wiring for: 1. Wiring:
a) condition. a) X - not adequately insulated.
b) security. b) X - not adequately secured.
c) position. c) X - positioned so that it is chaffing or
clipped to a fuel line or likely to be
damaged by heat so that insulation will
d) signs of overheating. become ineffective.
e) heavy oil contamination. d) X - with evidence of overheating.
f) risk of fire e) D - heavily contaminated with oil.
f) D - Any wiring identified as a potential
fire risk must be coded for immediate
repair
107
General Cleanliness VOSA IM Ref.44

Information
1. Check for instances 1. X - Excessive oil or dirt build-up on engine and/or in the
of excessive oil and engine compartment.
dirt build-up on the
engine/in the engine
compartment.
2. Check interior of 2. X - Dirty areas which will soil passengers clothing. (Record in
vehicle for areas presentation area on inspection document and inform
which will soil supervision).
passengers clothing.
108
Waste Leaks VOSA IM Ref. 44

Check
Information
Failure Criteria
1. Any leakage from toilet Note: This includes leakage 1. X - leakage which, when the vehicle is in motion, can
system, including inability which is likely to contaminate the vehicle such that it causes a health or
of toilet flushing system to create unpleasant fire risk.
operate correctly. conditions
109
Oil Leaks/Levels VOSA IM Ref.44 53

Information
1. Check vehicle for oil leaking Note: 1. a) D - Any oil leak from any assembly. (Oil leaks
from any assembly to the The engine should be run at idle should be marked as a D Category defect for
ground, and/or which could speed to check if there are any immediate attention)
be deposited on surrounding oil leaks. (if there are doubts b) X - Any oil leak from any assembly which
bodywork or onto the exhaust on oil leaks VI should request deposit fluid on the ground at a rate of a 75mm
system. engine to be steam cleaned). diameter pool in 5 minutes, or a number of
Note: leaks which would collectively deposit fluid at
X - Any PAS leak is a reason the same rate.
for immediate failure c) X - leakage which, when the vehicle is in
motion, can contaminate the vehicle such that it
causes a health or fire risk.
2. Check oil level and filter 2. D - oil level and filter condition not in
condition of hydraulic cooling accordance with manufacturers guidelines
fan in accordance with
manufacturers guidelines.
3. Check oil levels – check 3. a) D - oil level outside maximum or minimum

engine oil, gearbox and PAS marks
filler caps for security. b) X - A filler cap insecure or missing/leaking.
110
Radiator/Cooling System VOSA IM Ref 74

Information
1. Inspect water pump, fan motor, all Note: 1. D - Water pump, fan motor, hose, pipe,
water hoses, pipes and connections, Radiator location will differ connectors, radiator or header tank
radiator and header tanks for coolant depending on vehicle type. unstable, leaking or chafed.
leaks.
2. Check pipe work is secure in cleats and 2. X - Pipe work in cleats or chafing –
not chafing, check pipe work insulation insulation damaged/insecure or possible
for security / damage. fire risk.
3. Check radiators for damage, external 3. D - Radiator or filter damaged, blocked
blockage and security mountings and or insecure.
associated tie bars. Where filters are
fitted check for blockage.
4. Check coolant level and concentration: Concentration should be: 4. a) D - coolant level low.
50% for all vehicles. b) D - coolant concentration mix
incorrect, report to supervision for
planned repair.
5. Check cooling system integrity, top up 5. D - Top up integrity switch not working.
switch for operation.
6. Check sight glass for cleanliness – 6. D - Sight glass dirty – not illuminated.
illumination.
111
Engine Auxiliary Components,Pipes,Hoses Etc VOSA IM Ref.45
1. Check all hoses and pipes are free 1. D - Hoses leaking, insecure or
from leaks and are correctly secure in chafing.
cleats and not chafing.
2. Examine pipes to see they are 2. D - Damaged (restricted/cracked)
securely clipped to prevent damage by chafed or insecure pipes likely to fail.
chafing or cracking.
3. Check pipes for damage (e.g. not 3. X - Pipes damaged or in such a
kinked or flattened). Check they are position that they are fouled by
securely clamped (particularly injector moving parts of the vehicle.
pipes) and not in a position where they
will be fouled by moving parts.
4. Check that no fuel pipes runs Note: 4. X - A fuel pipe immediately adjacent
immediately adjacent or in direct Electrical wiring encased in a to or in direct contact with electrical
contact with electrical wiring. sleeve or protected such that the wiring.
insulation of the wiring is not in
direct contact with fuel pipe is
acceptable.
5. Check engine idling speed. 5. D - Engine idling speed too fast or
too slow.
6. Where practicable, check for security 6. X - Pump insecure or its drive system
of power steering pump and condition missing or defective.
of its drive system.
112
Engine Auxiliary Components,Pipes,Hoses Etc VOSA IM Ref.45
7. Check for wear/damage in engine 7. D - Worn/damaged engine control

control throttle linkages and cables. throttle linkage or cable.
8. Check for wear/damage in 8. D - Worn/damaged gearbox load

gearbox load sensing linkages. sensing linkage.
9. Inspect all other auxiliary engine 9. D - Auxiliary engine components and

components for security and wear pipe work insecure, chafing or in a foul
including associated pipe work. condition.
10. Check that there is no possibility 10. X - Spilt or leaking fuel or Adblue
of fuel or Adblue spillage leakage contaminating or accumulating inside
contaminating or accumulating the vehicle.
inside the vehicle.
11. Check presence and security of 11. D - A dip stick missing or not secure in
dip stick and tube. tube – tube insecure.
113
Fuel Tank(s)/System/Filler Cap VOSA IM Ref. 45
1. Check security and condition of 1. X - Fuel/gas tank insecure, damaged,

fuel/gas tank(s). distorted or badly corroded.
2. Check tanks for leaks. 2. X - Fuel/gas tanks leaking.

3. Examine fuel tank straps or 3. X - Tank retaining straps or supports
supports and mounting brackets to missing/insecure or
see that they are all present secure weak.
and free from fracture.
4. Check that the tank filler cap is 4. X - A filler cap missing, unsuitable or in
present, of the correct type, secure such condition that it would not prevent
and seated properly. fuel leaking or spilling.
5. Check system for leaks. 5. X - Any part of a system leaking so that
fuel is dripping/leaking from the vehicle.
6. Examine pipes to see they are 6. X - Damaged (restricted/cracked)
securely clipped to prevent chaffed or insecure pipes
damage by chafing or cracking. likely to fail or leak.
7. Check pipes for damage (eg not 7. X - Pipes damaged or in such a
kinked or flattened). Check the they position that they are fouled by parts of
are not in a position where they the vehicle.
can be fouled by moving parts.
114
Fuel Tank(s)/System/Filler Cap VOSA IM Ref. 45

Check Information
Failure Criteria
8. Check that no fuel pipe runs Note: Electrical wiring encased in a 8. X - A fuel pipe immediately adjacent to
immediately adjacent to or in direct sleeve or protected such that the or in direct contact with electrical wiring.
contact with electrical wiring. insulation of the wiring is not in
direct contact with the fuel pipe is
acceptable.
9. Check high pressure vessels (eg 9. D - A high pressure vessel outside its
Compressed Natural Gas tanks) are certification period.
within certified period.
115
Exhaust System VOSA IM Ref. 46

Check Information
Failure Criteria
1. Examine the exhaust system and check for: 1. An exhaust system:

a) condition. a) D - severely corroded.
b) security. b) X - insecure.
c) leaks. c) X - with any leak or fumes.
2. Check for presence of silencer and assess 2. X - An exhaust silencer missing, or in
its effectiveness in reducing noise caused by such condition it is not effective in reducing
the exhaust. exhaust noise.
3. Check that the exhaust does not foul or is 3. X - Any exhaust fouling of likely to be a
likely to be a fire or fume hazard. fire or fume hazard.
4. Note: Exhaust outlets should 4.
a) check security, condition and position of be at the rear or offside of the a) X - exhaust outlet insecure, damaged or
exhaust outlet. vehicle. wrongly positioned.
5. Check for presence and adequacy of 5. X - Missing or inadequate heat/grease

exhaust heat/grease shield. shield.
116
Suspension VOSA IM Ref. 48

Check Information
Failure Criteria
General
1. Check if any suspension unit is so 1. X - A suspension unit so weak that the body
weak that it is not holding the body far or other part of the vehicle is fouling the
enough away from the road wheels. road wheels or is likely to do so if the
vehicle is laden.
2. Check for presence and security of 2. D - Rebound rubbers missing or insecure.
rebound rubbers.
Leaf Springs
1. Check each spring for: 1. A spring
a) defects and, in particular, for fractures a) X - with a cracked or fractured leaf, this
of leaves, especially near the anchor eye includes that part of a leaf curled to prevent
of main leaf. disengagement from a slipper.
b) repairs by welding. b) X - repaired by welding.
c) distortion of leaves. c) X - with a leaf permanently distorted or
d) condition of spring eyes. so deteriorated that it is likely to fail.
e) lateral location of spring leaves (in d) X - a spring eye cracked, fractured or
relation to leaf splay). bush worn as to foul chassis.
f) correct location to axle for symmetry. e) X - the leaves of a multi-leaf spring
g) leaves for longitudinal displacement. splayed so that spring action is impaired, or
likely to foul other parts of the vehicle.
f) X - fitted so that axle is misaligned.
g) X - longitudinal displacement of leaves.
117

Check Information
Failure Criteria
Leaf Springs (Continued)

2. Check condition and security of: Note: Wear measurements 2.
a) spring anchor and shackle meeting the failure criteria must be a) X - an anchor or shackle bracket loose, cracked,
brackets. planned for immediate repair. damaged or corroded.
(Engineering SOP 2102 refers) b) X - wear criteria:
b) spring anchor bracket 2mm in 12mm diameter pin
pins/brushes.
1/8 of diameter for larger pins
c) X - deterioration of rubber bush resulting in
excess movement.
c) pins/bushes of spring shackle.
3. Check that: Note: The amount of movement 3.

a) anchor shackle pins are at the free end must be limited to a) X - a shackle or pin not correctly positioned or
correctly positioned and secure. reduce the adverse effect of loose in its bracket.
fretting on the fixed and securing b) X - a shackle or anchor pin retaining or locking
b) retaining and any locking arrangement i.e. movement device, missing or insecure.
devices are fitted and secure. between pin/bracket at free end
should not exceed 1mm for
smaller assemblies, increasing to
2mm for larger assemblies.
118
Leaf Springs (Continued)
4. Check spring for excessive 4.

side play in brackets. a) X - play for above 6mm
5. Examine condition of slipper 5. X - A slipper excessively worn, cracked,

and rebound pin. insecure or its rebound pin missing .
6. Check that the spring saddle 6. X - Evidence that the spring saddle is
is not fractured. fractured, or moving relative to the spring.
7. Check: 7.
a) security of spring and axle a) X - spring or saddle loose on axle.
saddle. b) X - A nut or bolt, holding a spring to an axle
b) for presence of nuts and loose/missing or broken.
bolts securing spring to axle.
119

Check Information
Failure Criteria
Coil Springs
1. Check each spring for: 1. A coil spring:
a) completeness and general condition. a) X - incomplete.
b) cracks or fractures. b) X - fractured.
c) correct location at each end. c) X - not correctly located.
d) wear or corrosion. d) X - worn or corroded so that its cross sectional area
is so reduced that it is seriously wakened.
e) welding repairs.
e) X - repaired by welding.
Air Suspension
1. Check air suspension / air bag for: 1. Air unit:
a) displacement or total deflation. a) X - displaced or totally deflated.
b) damage or deterioration to outer b) D - outer rubber layer damaged / eroded
rubber layer. c) X - fouled by moving parts likely to cause
c) fouling by moving parts. damage.
d) exposed cords.
d) D - cords exposed
e) broken cords
e) X - cords broken.
2. Check for any air leak from unit, valves 2. X - An air leak in the system.
and piping.
3. Check for security of: 3.

a) levelling valves. a) X - a levelling valve not secure.
b) air supply pipes. b) X - air supply pipe not secure.
4. Check vehicle ride height. 4. D - Height outside of manufacturers dimensions.
5. Check levelling valves for operation. 5. X - Levelling valve not working.
120

Check Information
Failure Criteria
Independent and Other Suspension
1. Check linkage pins are correctly 1. X - A linkage pin not correctly positioned or
positioned and secure. loose in its bracket.
2. Check retaining and locking devices 2. X - A linkage pin retaining or locking device
are fitted and secure. missing or insecure.
3. Check front suspension wish-bone 3. X - Wish-bone rubbers excessively worn,

rubbers for wear. cracked or deteriorated.
Suspension Sub-Frames
1. Check sub-frame for: 1. A suspension sub-frame:

a) security of chassis body. a) X - insecure to chassis and body.
b) cracks and fractures. b) X - cracked or fractured.
c) excessive damage, corrosion or c) X - seriously weakened by damage,
distortion. corrosion or distortion.
121

Bonded Suspension Units
1. Examine bonding of flexible element 1. X - Failure of bonding between

to its associated metal fixing. flexible element and metal so that part
of the unit is likely to become displaced.
2. Check general condition of unit for 2. X - The unit is so damaged or

damage and deterioration of flexible deteriorated that it is no longer capable
element. of carrying out its proper function.
Torsion Bars
1. Check bars for: 1. A torsion bar:

a) cracks and fractures. a) X - cracked, fractured or bent.
b) excessive corrosion and pitting. b) X - corroded or pitted so that it is
seriously weakened and likely to fail.
2. Check end-fixing for: 2. End-fixings:

a) security. a) X - insecure.
b) excessive free play. b) X - with excessive free play.
c) bush wear. c) X - bushes worn.
d) mounting brackets secure. d) X - mounting bracket insecure.
122

Check Information
Failure Criteria
Arms and Linkages

1. Check the following arms and 1.
linkages (where fitted) for cracks, Any part of a suspension arm or linkage:
fracture, distortion, excessive wear and a) X - cracked / fractured or bent.
corrosion. b) X - severely distorted or bent.
• suspension arms (wishbones etc) c) X - so corroded or worn that its strength
• radius arms is seriously reduced.
d) X - not fitted to an axle where it is a
• torque / reaction arms standard part of the suspension system.
• anti-roll bars and linkages (stabilising e) D - excessively worn (for ‘V’ link joints
beams) total wear should not exceed 2mm)
• balance beams and linkages f). X - ‘V’ link ball joint gaiter torn.
(equalising beams) g) X - modified in such a way that it would
• trailing arms adversely affect the functioning of the
• shackles system
• levelling valve linkages
• ‘V’ link joints.
• ‘V’ link ball joint gaiter torn.
123

Inspection Schedule Information
Failure Criteria
Arms and Linkages (Continued)

Check for: a) X - an arm or linkage loose or locking device
a) security at fastening or adjustment insecure or missing.
points. b) X - a levelling valve linkage defective,
b) presence/security of levelling linkage. obviously incorrectly adjusted or disconnected.
Shock Absorbers
1. Check for presence of shock 1. a) X - Any shock absorber unit missing
absorbers.
2. Check anchorage of each shock 2. a) D - A shock absorber unit which can be
absorber for security and fractures. twisted by hand with resistance
b) X - other than above
c) X - an anchorage point fractured.
3. Check each shock absorber for fluid Note: Slight seepage 3. X - Fluid leaking from unit.
leaks. producing a thin film of fluid on
a shock absorber is not a
reason for failure, but any sign
of dripping is NOT acceptable.
4. Examine condition of: 4.
a) pivots. a) X - an excessively worn pivot or rubber bush
b) linkage and linkage brackets. b) X - linkage missing, linkage or bracket
c) rubber bushes. cracked, fractured or excessively worn.
d) sleeves. c) X – shock absorber function impaired.
d) D - a telescopic sleeve damaged.
124
Steering Swivels/Wheel Bearings VOSA IM Ref. 53

Note: Before marking any item as defective because of excessive wear, play or lift, note the vehicle manufacturer’s
recommended allowance. Check hub endfloat if necessary to confirm movement.
1. Check lift between stub axle 1. While raising and lowering the steered 1. D - Excessive lift between stub axle
and axle beam. wheels, check for excessive vertical and axle beam
movement between stub axle and axle X - Hives type bearing 1.6mm
beam, or between swivel joint and housing. otherwise 1.0mm
Note: This inspection may be carried out
either while lifting or lowering the axle with As a general guide, the lift in a stub axle
the jack, or by lifting each wheel with a bar would normally be considered excessive if
placed underneath it, while the vehicle is greater than 1.6mm.
raised of the ground.
2. Check king pin and swivel joint 2. While each wheel is rocked note 2. X - King pin loose in axle beam or
condition. amount of movement between stub axle swivel joint excessively worn or insecure.
and axle beam and check for movement in
swivel joints, security of attachment to stub
axle and suspension arms.
3. Check movement of wheel Note: The wheel should be rocked, either 3. X - Play in wheel bearings well in
relative to stub axle, to assess by using wheel play detector plates in the excess of the vehicle manufacturer’s
amount of play in wheel bearings. side to side mode or by lifting the wheels recommendation
clear of the ground and rocking each in
turn with a bar.
125
Steering Swivels/Wheel Bearings VOSA IM Ref. 53

Check Information
Failure Criteria
4. Check wear between king pin and 4. With the wheel braked 4. D - Wear of king pin and/or bush must not
bush. check for wear between king exceed 6mm. (Plan for completion at 5.5mm).
pin and bush Note: Volvo B6, B7, B10B/L – wear of king pin
must not exceed 5mm. (Plan for completion at
4mm).
Mercedes Sprinter range of vehicles have front
suspension ball joints without springs, these joints
are allowed up to 3.0 mm of axial play (lift) and 3.0
mm of radial play.
5. Where possible, check king pin 5. X - Missing or insecure king pin retaining device.
retaining device for presence and
security.
6. Check swivel joint retaining and 6. X - Missing or insecure swivel joint retaining or
locking devices for presence and locking device.
security.
126
Steering Lock VOSA IM Ref. 54

1. Check for tyres fouling 1. With the engine running and the road wheels off the 1.
and presence of lock stops. ground, rotate steering wheel through its full working a) X - any component, road wheel
range, and check for: or tyre fouling any part of the
a) fouling of tyres or any other component, including vehicle.
drag links etc with any part of the vehicle. b) X - a steering lock stop insecure,
b) presence, security and adjustment of steering lock missing, incorrectly adjusted or not
stop. fulfilling its function
Note: Vehicles with independent front suspension

should be checked with the suspension in the normal
laden position using a heavy duty independent
suspension jack, grease plates or other similar devices.
If these are not available, the suspension must only be
jacked up sufficiently to relieve tyre load to allow easy
movement of the steering wheels.
2. Check steering 2. With the road wheels off the ground, turn the 2. X - Roughness or undue
smoothness. steering wheel from lock to lock. Check steering for stiffness in the operation of the
smoothness of operation. steering.
127
Steering Box/Linkage VOSA IM Ref. 54

Note:
i. Before assessing an item as defective because of excessive wear, remember that play between moving parts is necessary if
they are to function correctly.
ii. Due to forces, which can be exerted by the power steering, take care not to mistake possible movement of a ball joint against
a long spring loaded seating for excessive play in the ball joint.
1. Check for: 1. With the road wheels on the ground 1.

a) ball joint gaiters missing and steering wheel rotated clockwise a) X - any ball joint gaiter missing or severely
or split. and anti clockwise against road deteriorated such that leakage or dirt ingress is likely
resistance, examine steering to occur.
b) movement between mechanism from the point where b) X - relative movement between sector shaft and
sector shaft and drop arm. sector shaft and drop arm are secured drop arm.
c) looseness at ball pin to the point where the steering arms c) X - a ball pin shank loose.
shank. are secured to their fixings. d) X - movement in the same direction of the spring
d) wear in ball pin loaded joint ie greater than 2mm axially. Additionally
e) looseness or Note: Clean new or recently-fitted no abnormal movement is allowed in the same joint,
misalignment of track rod or components to remove protective perpendicular to the spring.
drag link ends. grease which could be mistaken as e) X - a track rod or drag link end loose or misaligned.
f) lock stops for installation, evidence of a lubricant leak. f) X - a steering lock stop insecure, missing or not
security and function. fulfilling its function.
g) for leaks g) X - leak of oil or grease
h) gear casing for fractures h) X - gear casing fractured
128
Steering Box/Linkage VOSA IM Ref. 54

Check Information
Failure Criteria
i) excessive wear at pivot points. i) X - excessive wear in a pivot point (eg an

intermediate drop arm).
j) security of any part fixed to the j) X - a part fixed to the chassis insecure (eg
chassis (eg intermediate drop arm pivot intermediate drop arm pivot housing).
housing).
k) movement between steering arms k) X - movement between a steering arm
and their fixings. and its fixings.
l) a fractured, cracked, damaged or l) X - a component fractured, cracked,
deformed component. damaged or deformed.
m) presence and security of locking m) X - absence or insecurity of a retaining
and retaining devices. or locking device.
n) steering damper loose, bush worn or n) X - steering damper loose, leaking or
leaking. steering bush worn
o) ball joint housing / locking bolts not o) X - ball joint housing / locking bolts
fouling chassis. fouling chassis.
2. Check for welding repairs and for 2. X - A steering linkage component
evidence of excessive heat having been repaired by welding or showing signs of
applied to components. excessive heat having been applied.
129
Power Assisted Steering VOSA IM Ref. 54

1. Check power 1. With the engine running and wheels on the ground, 1.
steering rock the steering against road resistance and check: a) X - power steering malfunctioning or inoperative
operation and a) by feel at the steering wheel, that the system is or evidence that power assistance has been
condition. operating. removed or disconnected.
b) for leaks in the system. b) X - any fluid leak from any part of the power
c) that feed pipes are free from damage and are not steering system.
chafing on other parts of the vehicle. c) X - a feed pipe excessively corroded, damaged or
d) dust covers for presence and condition fouling other parts of the vehicle.
e) inappropriate repair or modification d) X - dust cover missing or severely deteriorated
such that leakage or dirt ingress is likely to occur
f) cables/hoses damaged, excessively corroded. e) X - with an inappropriate repair or modification
g) Malfunction Indicator Lamp does not indicate a fault f) X - with Cables/hoses damaged, excessively
corroded
g) X - Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) indicates a
fault
h) X - reservoir fluid below minimum level.
2. Check power 2. a) if applicable, check ram anchorage for cracks and 2.
steering security to frame or other fixed members of the a) X - a cracked damaged or insecure ram
operation and vehicle. anchorage.
condition. b) if applicable, check ram for cracks and/or damage b) X - a cracked or damaged ram body or excessive
and movement indicating wear at the anchorage point. free play at a ram anchorage point.
c) with engine stopped and steering wheel lightly
rocked, check for excessive free play between ball-pin c) X - excessive free play between ball-pin and
and valve. valve.
(If you suspect excessive free play, check further by
applying manual effort to ball-pin or ram body at right
angles to the ram centre line)
130
Transmission VOSA IM Ref.57
Functional Checks
and Information
1. Check for: Note: During this 1.
a) missing or loose flange bolts. inspection, it is a) X - a loose or missing flange bolt.
b) cracked or insecure flanges. important that the b) X - a flange cracked, or loose on the transmission
vehicle is in shaft.
c) wear in shaft bearings. neutral gear and
d) security of bearing housing. parking brake c) D - excessive wear in a shaft bearing which may
applied. cause the shaft to vibrate or become noisy,.
e) cracks or fractures in bearing d) X - a bearing housing insecure to its fixing.
housings. Steering wheel e) X - a cracked or fractured bearing housing.
f) wear in universal joints. cover and wheel f) X - excessive wear exceeding 1.5mm in a universal
g) deterioration of flexible couplings. chocks must also joint (lift or side movement).
be used. g) X - serious deterioration of a transmission shaft
flexible coupling.
h) distorted, damaged or cracked shafts.
h) X - a damaged, cracked or bent shaft.
i) deterioration of bearing housing
flexible mountings. i) X - serious deterioration of a flexible mounting of a
bearing housing.
j) X - evidence of fouling between any transmission
j) clearance between transmission shafts and adjacent component.
shafts and adjacent components. k) X - dust cover missing or severely deteriorated such
k) dust covers for presence and that leakage or dirt ingress is likely to occur
condition
2. Visually check gearbox alignment. 2. D - Gearbox out of alignment
131
Transmission Shafts VOSA IM Ref. 57

Check Information
Failure Criteria
1. Examine the transmission; in Note: During this 1.

particular check for: inspection, it is important a) X - a loose or missing flange bolt.
a) missing or loose flange bolts. that the vehicle is in neutral b) X - a flange cracked, or loose on the
b) flange condition. gear and transmission transmission shaft.
c) wear in shaft bearings. brake (if fitted) released. c) X - excessive wear in a shaft bearing which
d) security of bearing housings. may cause shaft to vibrate.
e) cracks or fractures in bearing d) X - a bearing housing insecure to its fixing.
housings. e) X - a cracked or fractured bearing housing.
f) wear in universal joints. f) X – excessive wear in a universal joint
g) deterioration of bearing housing g) X - a damaged, cracked or bent shaft.
flexible mountings. h) X - evidence of fouling between any
h) clearance between transmission transmission shaft and an adjacent component.
shafts and adjacent components. i) X - grease shield missing, insecure, damaged
i) presence and security of grease or contaminated.
shield where fitted. j) D - propshaft hoop missing, insecure or
j) presence and security of propshaft damaged.
hoop where fitted.
132
Retarder/Controls VOSA IM Ref. 58

Check Information
Failure Criteria
Note: Most retarders are mounted in the transmission and dissipate the braking energy:
• as heat from a rotor retarded by electromagnetic resistance (e.g Telma).
• by the vehicle transmission driving an oil filled turbine system which dissipates heat through an oil cooler
(e.g Voith).
• by the vehicle exhaust gases being restricted by a valve system (ie exhaust brake).
Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) and Electric Vehicles (EVs) where the power train equipment acts as a regenerative brake to comply
with the additional braking requirements the unit(s) should be inspected as if it is an additional braking device.
1. Examine the device, its contacts and 1. X - A device, or component not working, missing,
other components for presence, condition damaged, contaminated or insecure.
and security.
2. Check for adequate clearance between 2. X - Inadequate clearance between the device
the device and other components. and other components.
3. Check for presence and condition of 3. X - A heat shield missing or damaged.
heat shields if required.
4. Check for signs of overheating of a 4. X - Overheating of a component or its
component or its surroundings. surroundings.
5. Check for condition, position and 5. X - Wiring in poor condition, badly positioned or
security of electrical wiring and switch not secure.
gear. X - Switch gear inoperative.
6. Check for oil leaks (electric, hydraulic 6. X - Exhaust gas or oil leaks from the device.
or friction type) or exhaust leak (exhaust
brake).
133
Front/Rear Brakes VOSA IM Ref. 59
1. Check automatic slack adjuster for 1. X - An automatic slack adjuster

components missing, disconnected, component missing, disconnected,
insecure, inoperative or worn. insecure, inoperative or worn.
2. Check brake shoe running clearance: 2. D - Brake shoe running clearance not
Refer to Manufacturer recommendations to tolerance.
e.g. Volvo: (0.015” – 0.064”)
3. Check release torque of slack 3. D - Torque less than 18Nm

adjuster (Haldex only) and record torque (D category defect for immediate repair)
reading on inspection record.
4. Check for leaks in system particularly 4. X - Leaking (anywhere in the system).

when brakes are applied.
Note: Hand brake must be in off
position where spring brakes are fitted.
5. Check brake liners for condition. 5. X - a brake, lining or pad, missing,

incorrectly fitted, insecure or
with the lining/pad below 1.5mm in
thickness
134

Check Information
Failure Criteria
6. Examine the mechanical components 6. a) D - a brake lining or pad less than 2 mm thick at
of the brakes which can be seen without any point. Plan for change, (brake linings changes
dismantling; check in particular for: should be assessed on the thickness of lining at the time
a) security or excessive wear of brake of inspection and the wear likely to occur within 28 days,
linings/pads. based on the work rate of the vehicle).
Note: Refer to Engineering SOP 2102

b) X - insecure or fractured brake drum or disk.
b)security or fractures of braked drums or c) X - restricted free movement of brake components.
c) Note: Refer to diagram on d) X - abnormal movement of levers indicating incorrect
disks.
page 136. adjustment or excessive wear.
c) free movement of the system.
d) abnormal movement of levers, e) X - a brake back plate or calliper securing bolt loose
indicating incorrect adjustment or or missing.
excessive wear (including brake cams). f) X - a brake wear indicator warning light illuminated, a
e) presence and security of brake back brake failure/abs warning light illuminated.
plate/calliper securing bolts.
f) check the dashboard display for brake Note: As part of the planning process for brake pad
warning lights. replacement , consider the specific OEM wear limit
against known wear rates of the particular duty cycle to
ensure that the vehicle is planned for repair at the
optimal time whilst maintaining continued
roadworthiness.
135
Disc Brakes
The diagram below shows the types of damage which are likely to be found on brake discs
and gives guidance on how much damage is acceptable before failing the vehicle. This
should be a visual assessment.
A. Interlinked cracks or surface crazing = acceptable
B. Cracks running towards hub centre up to max. 75% of the width of the friction surface,
and a maximum of 1.5mm wide or deep = acceptable
C. Unevenness in the disc surfaces less than 1.5mm = acceptable
D. Cracks running from edge to centre = not acceptable
136

7. Check each brake actuator for: Note: The white 7. A brake actuator:
a) security. powder deposit often a) X - insecure.
b) leaks. found on alloy brake b) X - leaking air.
c) operation. actuators is not by c) X - defective in operation.
d) cracks, fractures or damage. itself regarded as d) X - cracked, fractured or damaged.
e) corrosion. corrosion. e) X - excessively corroded
f) condition of dust covers f) X - dust cover missing or severely deteriorated
such that leakage or dirt ingress is likely to occur
8. Check travel of operating Note: Refer to 8. X - Excessive or restricted travel of operating
pistons/diaphragm mechanisms. manufacturer piston/push rod or diaphragm mechanism, indicating
recommendations a need for adjustment. Push rod travel for Volvo
B10B and B10L should not exceed the following
dimensions:
Vehicle Front Axle Rear Axle
B10B 40mm 50mm
B10L 45mm 50mm
9. Examine each hydraulic brake cylinder for: 9.
a) security. a) X - a cylinder insecurely mounted.
b) leaks. b) X - a cylinder leaking.
c) cracks or fractures or damage. c) X - a cracked, fractured or damaged cylinder.
d) presence and security of stop pins. d) X - a stop pin missing or insecure.
e) presence and security of locking devices. e) X - a locking device missing or insecure.
f) travel of operating mechanism. f) X - excessive travel of operating mechanism
indicating a need for adjustment.
137
Hydraulic/Vacuum System VOSA IM Ref.59

Information
Reservoirs (vacuum) including accumulator
and other types of pressure vessels.
1. Check reservoirs for: 1.

a) damage. a) X - a reservoir with dents which
reduce the reservoir capacity or
b) excessive corrosion. with severe structural damage
(angled dents).
c) security of mounting.
b) X - excessive corrosion.
d) filler cap/blanking cap
missing/leaking/damaged. c) X - a reservoir insecurely
mounted.
d) X - filler cap/blanking cap
missing/leaking/damaged.
2. Check security straps for: 2.
a) cracks, fractures and excessive corrosion. a) X - a security strap cracked,
fractured or excessively
b) chafing on fittings or reservoirs. corroded.
b) X - a securing strap chafing the
reservoir or other fittings.
3. With pressure or vacuum build up, check 3. X - A reservoir leaking/a leak from
for leaks in the system. any part of the system.
138
Hydraulic/Vacuum System VOSA IM Ref.59

Information
Master cylinders and reservoirs
(hydraulic)
1. Examine any master cylinders and 1. A master cylinder or reservoir:
hydraulic reservoirs for:
a) security and correct fluid level. a) X - insecure or fluid levels outside
maximum or minimum marks.
b) leaks. b) X - leaking.
c) where practical, that reservoir cap is c) X - cap missing or damaged.
fitted. d) X - low level warning unit defective, wiring
d) low fluid warning unit operation. damaged.
Servos
2. Check servos for: 2. A servo:

a) security and mounting. a) X - insecurely mounted.
b) damage. b) X - damaged or excessively corroded.
c) leaks. c) X - leaking
d) where an adjustment indicating rod is d) X - adjustment indicating rod shows brake
provided, check if brake adjustment is adjustment is necessary.
necessary.
139
Reservoir / Air Drain Tanks VOSA IM Ref. 59

1. Check reservoirs for: Note: The term reservoir included 1. A reservoir which:
a) damage. accumulators and other types of a) X - has dents which reduce the
pressure vessels. reservoir capacity or likely to cause
b) excessive corrosion. severe structural damage (angled
c) security of mounting. dents).
b) X - is excessively corroded.
c) X - is insecurely mounted.
2. Check securing straps for: 2. A securing strap:
a) cracks, fractures and excessive a) X - cracked, fractured or excessively
corrosion. corroded.
b) chafing on fittings or reservoirs. b) X - a securing strap chafing the
reservoir or other fixings.
3. Check for leaks in reservoirs. 3. With full pressure or vacuum built up, 3. X - A reservoir leaking.
check for leaks in reservoirs.
4. Check system condition 4. Drain all air tanks and assess system 4. D - Any excessive amount of oil or
condition based on the discharge. water
140
External Lights VOSA IM Ref.62,63,66,67

Functional
Information
Rear Position Lamps
1. Check that two rear position lamps and if 1. X - An obligatory rear position lamp, or if
applicable outline marker lamps are fitted to the applicable, outline marker lamp missing –
vehicle and correctly positioned. incorrectly positioned.
2. Check that the lamps are: 2. A lamp:
a) in good working order and lenses are not a) X - (i) not working, or with a lens missing,
missing or cracked or damaged. cracked or broken.
X - (ii) obviously dim due to internal
b) emit red light. deterioration or dirt within a lamp.
c) are secure and not obscured. b) X - does not emit red light or emits white light.
d) do not flicker (where accessible lamps should c) X - insecure, or lens obscured.
be lightly tapped by hand). d) X - flickers.
e) are not affected by the operation of any other e) X - is affected by the operation of any other
lamp. lamp.
f) are secure on the panel. f) X - loose on panel.
Rear registration plate lamp
1. Check that a rear registration plate lamp is 1. X - A rear registration plate lamp missing, not
fitted, is in good working order and that the in good working order or lens dirty or loose on
lenses are clean and secure on panel. panel.
2. Check that the lamp does not show white light 2. X – A registration plate lamp shows white light
to the rear of the vehicle. to the rear of the vehicle.
141

Functional Checks
and Information
Obligatory Rear Reflectors and Marker Boards
1. Check that two obligatory red reflectors are 1. X - An obligatory red reflector missing.
fitted to the vehicle, one on each side.
2. Check that each reflector is vertical, facing 2. A reflector:
squarely to the rear, clean and undamaged and a) X - not fitted facing squarely to the rear, or broken.
is of good reflective quality and secure.
b) X - cracked, dirty or deteriorated.
3. Check that articulated buses have the correct
rear marker boards fitted. Marker boards c) X - ineffective I.e. not reflecting a torch beam.
should be clean secure, undamaged and of d) X - loose.
good reflective quality. 3. A marker board
a) X - cracked, dirty or deteriorated.
b) X - ineffective I.e. not reflecting a torch beam.
c) X – loose
Side Lamps
1. Check that two front position lamps, and if 1. a) X - an obligatory front position lamp or, if applicable, a
applicable, two front end outline marker lamps, front end outline marker lamp missing, not working, or with a
are fitted to the vehicle, working and lenses are lens missing or broken.
not missing, cracked or damaged, incorrectly b) X - a lens cracked (otherwise assess for serviceability, VI
positioned – emitting a dim light – or flickers to record if appropriate and supervision to plan for
when tapped/is affected by the operation of any completion.
other lamp/or insecure.
c) X - incorrectly positioned.
d) X - emitting a dim light.
e) X - flickers when tapped.
f) X - affected by another lamp.
g) X - loose on panel.
142

Information
Rear Fog Lamps
1. For vehicle manufactured on or 1. In the case of vehicles manufactured on

after 1 October 1979 and first used or after 1 October 1979 and first used on
on or after 1 April 1980, check that: or after 1 April 1980:
a) a rear fog lamp is fitted. a) X - no rear fog lamp fitted.
b) no more than two rear fog lamps b) X - more than two rear fog lamps fitted.
are fitted. c) X - a rear fog lamp incorrectly positioned.
c) either one rear fog lamp is fitted on
the centre line or offside of the
vehicle.
2. Check that no rear fog lamp: 2. A rear fog lamp:
a) is illuminated by the application of a) X - illuminates when a brake is applied.
the brakes. b) X - emits light of colour other than red.
b) emits light of a colour other than c) X - (i) lens missing or broken.
red. X - (ii) lens cracked and emitting white
c) lenses are not missing, cracked or light
damaged. D - (otherwise assess for serviceability,
d) insecure on the panel/mounting VI to record if appropriate and Supervision
bracket. to plan for completion).
d) X - insecure on panel/mounting bracket.
143

Information
Stop Lamps
1. Check that at least two stop lamps are 1. X - An obligatory stop lamp missing, or incorrectly
fitted to the vehicle, one on each side, and positioned.
correctly positioned.
2. Check that each stop lamp: 2. A stop lamp:
a) is in good working order, and the lens is a) X - (i) does not operate or the lens is missing
not missing, cracked or damaged. or broken.
X - (ii) is obviously dim due to deterioration or
b) emits a steady light. dirt within the lamp; or the lens is cracked.
b) X - does not emit a steady red light when the
c) is not obscured or obviously incorrectly braking system, which operates the lamp, is
positioned. applied or does not go out when the brake is
released.
d) does not flicker when lightly tapped by
hand. c) X - is obscured, not securely fitted or is
incorrectly positioned.
d) X - flickers when tapped by hand.
3. Check that the illumination of any stop 3. X - The illumination of any stop lamp is affected
lamp is not affected by the operation of by the operation of any other lamp.
any other lamp.
Reversing Lights
1. Check that reversing lights are working 1. D - A reversing light not working or with a lens
(where fitted) and the lens is not missing, missing or broken or Insecure on panel.
cracked or damaged and secured onto
panel
144

Information
Head Lamps
1. Check that the vehicle is fitted 1. X - A head lamp missing/not forming part of a
with a matched pair of head matched pair.
lamps operating on main and
dipped beam.
2. Check that: 2.
a) each head lamp is in good a) X - a head lamp is not working, not secure
working order and the lens is or obviously dim due to internal deterioration
not missing, cracked or or dirt within the lamp, or with a lens missing,
damaged. cracked or damaged.
b) each head lamp is secure, and b) X - a head lamp lens obscured or not
not obscured. securely fitted.
c) each head lamp is correctly c) X - a head lamp forming part of a matched
positioned. pair is not in the same place as the other
d) each head lamp emits a lamp.
steady light. d) X - a head lamp not showing light of these
e) both head lamps show the appropriate colours or flickers when tapped
same colour. lightly by the hand.
f) the illumination of a lamp is e) X - if one of the matched pair does not show
not affected by the operation light of the same colour and intensity as the
of any other lamp. other lamp.
f) X - the illumination of a lamp is affected by
the operation of any other lamp.
145

Information
Head Lamps (cont.)
3. Check main beam operation 3. Where applicable switch on main 3. X - A main beam head lamp that cannot be
beam head lamps and check that switched off by operating switch, which at the
main beam can be switched of by same time, leaves a pair of dipped beams
one switch, which at the same from the outermost pair of head lamps/ head
time leaves a pair of dipped lamps dip to right side of the vehicle.
beams from the outermost pair of
head lamps and dips to the left
hand side of the vehicle.
4. Check for correct functioning of 4. X - Dim/dip system not working.
dim/dip system.
5. Check main beam warning light on 5. X - Main beam warning light inoperative, or
dash panel. does not extinguish appropriately.
6. For European standard head 6. For head lamps with dipped beam pattern
lamps (see fig 1, page 144) and shown in fig 1, or a head lamp marked ‘C’
where head lamps are marked with above an ‘E’ or ‘e’, if:
a ‘C’ above an ‘E’ or ‘e’ mark, a) X - with a head lamp, the centre of which is
check: not more than 850mm of the ground, the
a) height of head lamp centre above horizontal cut-off line on the right hand side of
ground. the screen is less than 0.5%, or more than
2.0% below the horizontal 0% line.
b) X - with headlamps, the centre of which is
b) position of horizontal cut-off line in more than 850mm of the ground, the
relation to 0% line. horizontal cut-off line on the right hand side of
the screen is less that 1.25%m or more than
2.75% below the horizontal 0% line.
146

Head Lamps (cont.)
c) where the horizontal cut-off line Note: When setting the aim of an ‘E’ c) X - any case, the point where the
meets the 15 degree cut-off line in beam head lamp the horizontal cut-off horizontal cut-off line on the offside
relation to vertical 0% line as should be ideally: and the 15 degree cut-off line meet
indicated on the head lamp aim 1.25% below the horizontal 0% line for is to the right, or more than 2.0% to
plate. headlamps mounted at a height of not the left, of the vertical 0% line.
more than 850mm.
2.0% below the horizontal 0% line for
head lamps mounted at a height of
more than 850mm. This will give a
range of about 45 metres without
undue risk of dazzle.
7. For British Pattern Head Lamps if 7. British Pattern Head Lamps

dipped beam pattern is as shown a) X - the upper edge of the hot spot is
in Fig 2, check: above the horizontal 0% line, or
a) position of upper edge of area of more than 2.75% below the
maximum intensity (hot spot) in horizontal 0% line.
relation to the horizontal 0% line. b) X - the right hand edge of the hot
b) position of the right hand edge in spot is to the right of the vertical 0%
relation to the vertical 0% or 2% line, or more than 2% to the left of
lines. the vertical 0% line.
147

8. For British Pattern Head 8. For British Pattern Head Lamps tested on
Lamps tested on main beam main beam, the centre of the brightest part of
check if the dipped beam is the main beam is:
not as shown in fig 3, the a) X - above the horizontal 0% line.
head lamp is not marked with b) X - to the right of, or more than 2% to the left
a letter ‘C’ above an ‘E’ or ‘e’ of, the vertical 0% line (see fig 3).
mark and the head lamp also
emits a main beam. Check c) X - for head lamps whose centre is more
the position of centre of the than 850mm of the ground, the centre of the
brightest part of the main maximum intensity is more than 2% below
beam in relation to the the horizontal 0% line.
horizontal and vertical 0% d) X - for head lamps whose centre is more
lines (see fig 3). than 850mm of the ground, the centre of the
maximum intensity of the main beam is more
than 2.75% below the horizontal 0% line.
LED (Light Emitting Diode)

Lights
1. Check operation of all LED 1. D - Must have 50% or more LED’S in
light clusters. operation.
148
Figure 1: European Standard Headlights
149
Direction Indicators/Hazard Warning Lamps VOSA IM Ref.62,63,66,67

1. Check that one or more direction 1. X - A direction indicator missing or not
indicators are fitted and visible to the visible whether to the front or to the
front and to the rear on each side of rear on each side of the vehicle.
the vehicle.
2. Switch on the direction indicators 2. An indicator:
and check if: a) X - (i) not working, or with a lens
a) every direction indicator is in good missing.
working order and the lens is not X - (ii) with a cracked lens emitting
missing or cracked or damaged. white light
b) flashing light indicators are fitted and D - (otherwise access for
flash at a rate of 60 to 120 times per serviceability, VI to record if
minute (with the engine running if appropriate and Supervision to plane
necessary). for completion).
c) every direction indictor emits amber b) X - flashing indicator not working or
light. does not flash at appropriate rate.
d) indicator lamp is clearly visible.
e) the rate of flash or the illumination is c) X - does not show light of appropriate
affected by the operation of any colour.
other lamp. d) X - dim due to deterioration or dirt
f) indicator light is secure on panel. within the lamp.
e) X - rate of flash or illumination is
affected by the operation of any other
lamp.
f) X - loose on panel.
150
Direction Indicators/Hazard Warning Lamps VOSA IM Ref.62,63,66,67

Information
1. Switch on the direction indicators 1. X - Tell tale not working or not readily visible to
and check the tell tale is in good the driver.
working order and clearly visible
to the driver.
2. Check security of indicator switch 2. X - A switch insecure or damaged.

on steering column.
3. With the engine stopped operate 3. X - The hazard warning lamps do not operate
the hazard warning device. Check with the engine stopped (regardless of the
with the ignition on and off. ignition circuit state).
4. Check that all the direction 4. X - All the direction indicator lamps do not
indicator lamps illuminate operate simultaneously.
simultaneously.
5. Check that a tell tale lamp is 5. X - The tell tale lamp does not operate when the
provided to flash in conjunction hazard warning relay device is switched on or
with any direction indicator when the operation of the hazard warning lamp is not
the hazard warning relay device readily visible.
is switched on, and is readily
visible to the driver.
151
Service Brake Performance VOSA IM Ref. 71
Check Note Failure Criteria

Note 1: To avoid damage to the vehicle/test equipment no tyre must be obviously under inflated.
Note 2: All recorded brake test results must be fully examined, and ‘PASS’ must not be relied upon. For
completeness each independent brake reading must be assessed to ensure that the vehicle is fully roadworthy.
Note 3: Imbalance failure will not apply if both wheels lock, or if one wheel locks and the brake effort of the locked
wheel is less than the unlocked wheel
1. Check each wheel for binding. 1. a) D - A brake on any wheel binding in excess of 3% of
measured axle weight. (For immediate repair)
b) X - bind in excess of 4%
2. Apply and release the brake pedal slowly and 2. X - Brake mechanism on any wheel sticking.
check each wheel for abnormal time lag in operation.
3. Check ovality: Apply and hold a steady pedal 3 a) D - Ovality of the drum/warped disc or brake effort
pressure and check for brake force fluctuations on fluctuation of greater than 40% of the maximum brake effort
each wheel (this check only applies to steered recorded.
wheels). b) X - Ovality greater than 30% of maximum brake effort
recorded
4. Apply the brake until the road wheel is just at the 4. a) X - little or no braking effort at any wheel.
point of slip relative to the rollers or until the service b) X - the specified brake effort is not met.
brake is fully applied. Record figures for each For performance figures, see page 153
wheel.
5. Check imbalance across the axle 5. a) X - Brake imbalance across an axle exceeds 30%
(see Note 3 above)
152
Service Brake Performance VOSA IM Ref. 71

Deceleration Test
Note: A deceleration test is only to be undertaken
when the rolling road is out of commission.
6. Carry out deceleration 6. Set the decelerometer on the vehicle in 6. a) X - The vehicle deviates appreciably
test. accordance with the manufacturers instructions and from a straight line.
at a speed of approximately 15mph apply the service b) D - A decelerometer reading of less
brake. Note the reading on the decelerometer and than 60%.
whether the vehicle deviates from a straight line.
153
Service Braking Performance VOSA IM Ref. 71

Note: If no wheels lock use Gross Vehicle Weight column to obtain pass figures.
If one or two of the four wheels lock use Unladen Weight column to obtain pass figures.
PASS FIGURE PASS FIGURE

VEHICLE TYPE BRAKE CODE
(No Wheels Locked) (1 or 2 Wheels Locked)
Calculated to: Gross Vehicle Weight Unladen Weight
FRONT REAR FRONT REAR
Mercedes 811D 072202 2700 1800 1764 1176
Mercedes 814D 067202 2700 1800 1778 1185
Volvo B6LE 118202 2832 4248 1982 2973
Volvo B10B 168202 4032 6048 2457 3686
Volvo B10L 168202 4032 6048 2520 3780
Volvo B7 ALX400 / Plaxton 180202 4032 6048 2894 4341
Dennis Trident 180202 4032 6048 2889 4334
Optare Solo 098222 2352 3528 1420 2131
Mercedes Citaro 280006 6720 10080 4032 6048
Scania Omnicity 280006 6720 10080 3948 5922
154
Secondary Braking Performance VOSA IM Ref. 72
The brake force requirements for each individual vehicle can be normally found on the PSV technical prints, from the
Computer technical records or from T.S.S. Branch at Swansea. If this information is not available the adequacy of the
braking performance is established in one of three ways depending on the number of wheels which lock during the roller
brake test, as follows:
Calculated Gross Vehicle Weight (CGVW) is found by using the formula CGVW = X + 63.5 (Y+Z)
where: X is the unladen weight.
Y is the number of passengers that the bus is constructed to carry (in addition to the driver).
Z is for a bus with standing capacity more than 8, the number of standing passengers minus 8.
All weights are in kilograms.
If one of two of the four wheels lock use Unladen Weight column to obtain pass figures.
155
Secondary Braking Performance VOSA IM Ref. 72

Note: Vehicles listed below have the secondary brake operated by the hand control valve.
VEHICLE TYPE Brake PASS PASS Secondary Secondary TESTING
Code FIGURE FIGURE Braking System Braking System METHOD
(no wheels (1 of 2 wheels Operated By
lock) lock)
Calculated to: Gross Vehicle Unladen Weight
Weight
Slowly apply the hand brake whilst

running the rolling road.
Mercedes 814D 067202 2010 1482 split x rear axle Hand brake
O/S reading + N/S reading = 30%
or more of the Gross Vehicle
Weight.
Note: Using the tests explained above:

1. Check brake 1. Start the brake rollers and slowly apply 1.
effort and the secondary brake fully and note the X - a) little or no braking effort at any wheel equipped with a
imbalance. maximum braking effort indicated for each brake operated by the secondary braking system.
wheel. X - b) the specified brake effort is not met.
X - c) Imbalance across the axle exceeding 30%
Note: For performance figures see the previous tables. All
figures are calculated to 30% of the relevant vehicle weight.
Note: There may be occasions where the specified brake
effort is met but, if the brake effort from any wheel on an axle
is substantially less than the brake effort from another wheel
on the same axle, it may be necessary to consider reason for
failure
156
Brake Performance Calculations
Brake Performance Criteria

Brake performance is calculated by the total braking force at the rollers in kg, divided by the weight of the vehicle,
multiplied by 100. eg: Total braking force = 9,500kg, vehicle weight = 15,654kg
9,500 x 100 = 50% performance

15,654
1. If no wheels lock during a brake roller test use the calculated gross weight or design gross weight of the vehicle to
calculate the brake performance *(see note at the bottom of the page).
2. If one or more wheels lock during a brake roller test use the unladen weight (stated on the N/S of the vehicle) to calculate
the braking performance.
3. If three or four wheels lock, the brake performance is considered to be met.
* Vehicles Post 1982

Use UK gross vehicle weight (GVW) this is normally stated on the vehicle chassis plate.
Note: Pass figure can be found in the following appendix.

Pass figures are calculated to 60% of the relevant vehicle weight.
157
Parking Brake Performance VOSA IM Ref. 73

Note: To avoid damage to this
vehicle/test equipment, no tyre must be
obviously under inflated.
Applied Brake Test on Roller Brake Test Machine
1. Check brake effort 1. Apply the parking brake fully. Start 1.

each brake roller in turn and note the X - a) little or no braking effort at any wheel.
maximum braking effort indicated for each X - b) the specified brake effort not met.
wheel. Note: For performance figures, see the table following
this section.
All pass figures are calculated to 16% of the
relevant vehicle weight.
2. Check brake 2. Check brakes for any brake imbalance 2. D - Imbalance of greater than 20%, where no wheels
imbalance between the O/S and N/S wheels on the lock or only one of the two wheels lock.
same axle.
Note: There may be occasions where the specified brake
effort is met but, if the brake effort from any wheel
on an axle is one third or less than the brake effort
from another wheel on the same axle, it may be
necessary to consider as a reason for failure.
158
Parking Brake Performance VOSA IM Ref. 73

Note: A deceleration test is only to be
undertaken when the rolling road is out of
commission.
1. Perform deceleration 1. Set the decelerometer on the vehicle 1. D - A decelerometer reading of less than 16%
test. in accordance with the manufacturer’s or the vehicles deviates appreciably from a
instructions and at a speed of straight line.
approximately 15mph apply the parking
brake. Note the reading on the
decelerometer and whether the vehicle
deviates from a straight line.
159
Park Braking Performance VOSA IM Ref. 73

If one or two of the four wheels lock use Unladen Weight column to obtain pass figures.
PASS FIGURE
PASS FIGURE (1 of 2 Wheels Locked)
VEHICLE TYPE BRAKE CODE
(No Wheels Locked)
Calculated to: Gross vehicle weight Unladen Weight

Mercedes 814D 067202 1500 988
Volvo B6LE 118202 2360 1652
Volvo B10B 168202 3360 2048
Volvo B10L 168202 3360 2100
Volvo B7 ALX400 / Plaxton 180202 3560 2412
Dennis Trident 180202 3560 2408
Optare Solo 098222 1960 1184
Mercedes Citaro 280006 5600 3360
Scania Omnicity 280006 5460 3290
160

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Version 4.

2102 APP A: Defect

WHO AM I FOR? WHAT AM I?

The way forward is simple “ If you cannot do it safely, don’t do it”

Revision State @ Version 4.9

Date Change By / Approved

Revision State @ Version 4.9

New & amended failure criteria

These checks are new.

122 Ride Heights Removed from manual – manufacturers technical

June 2016 12 Change in tyre pressure limits and

15. Change in limits of tyre tread wear and

Revision State @ Version 4.9

New & amended failure criteria

These checks are new.

Destination Equipment 9 Condition of Body, Engine & Gearbox 47

The way forward is simple “ If you cannot do it safely, don’t do it”

The way forward is simple “ If you cannot do it safely, don’t do it”

Hydraulic/Vacuum Systems 137

The way forward is simple “ If you cannot do it safely, don’t do it”

The way forward is simple “ If you cannot do it safely, don’t do it”

Licences & Registration plates IM1

3 Check that there is a registration plate at 3. X – A registration plate

4. Check the registration mark for 4. X – A registration mark

All Destination Equipment VOSA IM Ref 20, 21, 42

Check Functional Checks and Information Failure Criteria

1. Visually check the presence, 1. Destination equipment:

Transfers/Adverts/Identification Plates VOSA IM Ref 16,20,21,23

Transfers/Adverts/Identification Plates (continued)

Functional Checks and

Seat Belts & Secondary Restraints VOSA IM Ref. 3

Inspection Schedule Failure Criteria

Vehicles used from 1st October 1988:

Minibus (not exceeding 3500kg

Three point adult belt.

Specified Passengers If alongside the driver the belt

Three point adult belt designed for an adult

Seat Belts VOSA IM Ref. 3

Obligatory Seat Belts

Seat Belts VOSA IM Ref. 3

Check Functional Checks and Information Failure Criteria

Locking Mechanism, Stalks,

1. Check the mechanism and stalks to 1.

Seat Belts VOSA IM Ref. 3

Condition of Webbing (Strap)

Seat Belt Fittings

Installation Defect Found on Annual Test

Seat Belts VOSA IM Ref. 3

Seat Belts VOSA IM Ref. 3

Check Functional Checks and Information Failure Criteria

Seat Belts VOSA IM Ref. 3

Smoke Emission VOSA IM Ref.5

Check Functional Checks and Information Failure Criteria

Smoke Emission (cont) VOSA IM Ref.5

Check Functional Checks and Information Failure Criteria

c) During free acceleration check observe c) X - excessive smoke of any colour or

CRT (Continuously Regenerating Trap)

d) Reading below 28mb d) D - Indicates a trap failure, requires

Smoke Emission (cont) VOSA IM Ref.5

Check Functional Checks and Information Failure Criteria

Emissions warnings Check that the engine MIL:

Wheels/Hubs/Tyres (Torque) VOSA IM Ref.6,7,8

Wheels/Hubs/Tyres (Torque) VOSA IM Ref.6,7,8