FACULTY OF SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF PURE AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS

MODULE MAT01B1
APPLICATIONS OF CALCULUS

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CAMPUS APK
ASSESSMENT SEMESTER TEST 1

DATE 26/08/2017 TIME 08:30

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ASSESSOR(S) DR A CRAIG
MS S RICHARDSON

DURATION 90 MINUTES MARKS 50

SURNAME AND INITIALS

STUDENT NUMBER

CONTACT NUMBER
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NUMBER OF PAGES: 1 + 10 PAGES

INSTRUCTIONS: 1. ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS ON THE PAPER IN PEN.

2. NO CALCULATORS ARE ALLOWED.
3. SHOW ALL CALCULATIONS AND MOTIVATE ALL ANSWERS.
4. IF YOU REQUIRE EXTRA SPACE, CONTINUE ON THE
ADJACENT BLANK PAGE AND INDICATE THIS CLEARLY.
 MAT01B1 SEMESTER TEST 1 – 26 AUGUST 2017 1/10

Question 1 [12 marks]

For questions 1.1 – 1.12, choose one correct answer, and make a cross (X) in the correct block.

Question a b c d e
1.1 X
1.2 X
1.3 X
1.4 X
1.5 X
1.6 X
1.7 X

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1.8 X
1.9 X
1.10 X
1.11 X
1.12 X
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1.1 Which differentiation rule gives rise to integration by parts? (1)
(a) Chain Rule.
(b) Power Rule.
(c) Product Rule.
(d) Quotient Rule.
(e) None of the above.
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1.2 If we use integration by parts to evaluate the integral x3 sin x dx and we choose u to be
x3 , then v is (1)
(a) sin x.
(b) − cos x.
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(c) sin x dx.

(d) cos x.
(e) 3x2 dx.
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1
1.3 To solve √ dx using trigonometric substitution, the correct substitution is: (1)
x2 − 36
π π
(a) x = 6 sin θ, − ≤ θ ≤
2 2
π 3π
(b) x = 6 sec θ, 0 ≤ θ < or π ≤ θ <
2 2
π π
(c) x = 6 tan θ, − < θ <
2 2
π π
(d) x = 6 sec θ, − ≤ θ ≤
2 2
(e) None of the above.
 MAT01B1 SEMESTER TEST 1 – 26 AUGUST 2017 2/10

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1.4 To evaluate the integral cot5 x csc3 x dx, we (1)

(a) use the identity 1 + cot2 x = csc2 x and substitute u = cot x.

(b) use the identity 1 + cot2 x = − csc2 x and substitute u = cot x.
(c) use the identity 1 + cot2 x = − csc2 x and substitute u = csc x.
(d) use the identity 1 + cot2 x = csc2 x and substitute u = csc x.
(e) None of the above.

1.5 Choose the correct version of Fermat’s Theorem. (1)

(a) If f 0 (c) exists and f 0 (c) = 0, then f has a local maximum or minimum at c.

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(b) If f 0 (c) exists and f has a local maximum or minimum at c, then f 0 (c) = 0.
(c) If f has a local maximum or minimum at c and f 0 (c) = 0, then f 0 (c) does not exist.
(d) If f 0 (c) = 0 and f 0 (c) does not exist, then f has a local maximum or minimum at c.
(e) None of these

1.6 The absolute maximum of a function f (x) on the interval (−5, 5): (1)
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(a) Might not exist.
(b) Must be at some value in (−5, 5).
(c) Must be at x = −5 or x = 5.
(d) Must be at x = 0.
(e) None of the above
√
1.7 For the function f (x) = x2 − 4 the Mean Value Theorem will apply on the interval: (1)

(a) [4, 10]

(b) [−4, 0]
(c) [0, 4]
(d) [−2, 2]
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(e) None of the above

x3 + 4x − 5
1.8 The partial fraction decomposition of is of the form: (1)
x2 (x − 1)2
A B C D
(a) + + +
x x x−1 x−1
Ax + B Cx + D
(b) +
x2 (x − 1)2
A B C D
(c) + 2+ +
x x x − 1 (x − 1)2
A B Cx + D
(d) + +
x x (x − 1)2
(e) None of the above.
 MAT01B1 SEMESTER TEST 1 – 26 AUGUST 2017 3/10

Z 5
6
1.9 To determine whether or not dx is convergent, we must calculate: (1)
−2 x−5
Z t
6
(a) lim dx
t→5 −2 x−5
Z t
6
(b) lim− dx
x→5 −2 x−5
Z t
6
(c) lim− dx
t→5 −2 x−5
Z t
6
(d) lim dx
t→0 −2 x−5

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(e) None of the above.
Z ∞ Z ∞
1
1.10 Consider the integrals I = √
3
dx and J = ex dx. Which of the following state-
1 x4 0
ments is true? (1)

(a) Both I and J are convergent.

(b) Both I and J are divergent.
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(c) I is divergent and J is convergent.
(d) I is convergent and J is divergent.
(e) None of the above.

For 1.11 and 1.12 below, consider

P (x) x3 − 7x2 + 4x R(x)
= 2 = S(x) + .
Q(x) x − 5x + 1 Q(x)

1.11 S(x) = (1)

(a) x − 2
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(b) x + 2
(c) x + 1
(d) x − 1
(e) None of the above.

1.12 R(x) = (1)

(a) 7x + 2
(b) 2x − 7
(c) −2x + 7
(d) −7x + 2
(e) None of the above.
 MAT01B1 SEMESTER TEST 1 – 26 AUGUST 2017 4/10

Question 2 [21 marks]

Evaluate the following integrals:
Z 2
x −x+4
(a) dx (4)
x3 + x

Solution 1:
x2 − x + 4 x2 − x + 4 A Bx + C
3
= 2
= + 2
x +x x(x + 1) x x +1
Therefore

x2 − x + 4 = A(x2 + 1) + (Bx + C)x

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= Ax2 + A + Bx2 + Cx
= (A + B)x2 + Cx + A

We get A = 4, C = −1 and A + B = 1. Therefore B = −3. Hence

Z 2 Z  
x −x+4 4 −3x − 1
dx = + 2 dx
x3 + x x x +1
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4 3x 1

= − − dx
x x2 + 1 x2 + 1
3
= 4 ln |x| − ln(x2 + 1) − arctan x + C
2

Solution 2:
x2 − x + 4 x2 − x + 4 x 1 4
= = − +
x3 + x x(x2 + 1) x2 + 1 x2 + 1 x(x2 + 1)
Now calculate
Z   Z Z Z
x 1 4 x 1 4
2
− 2 + 2
dx = 2
dx − 2
dx + 2
dx
x + 1 x + 1 x(x + 1) x +1 x +1 x(x + 1)
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using partial fraction decompsition for third integral.

 MAT01B1 SEMESTER TEST 1 – 26 AUGUST 2017 5/10

Z
(b) (arcsin x)2 dx (5)

2 arcsin x
Solution 1: Let u = (arcsin x)2 and dv = dx. We get v = x and du = √ dx.
1 − x2
Z
∴ I = (arcsin x)2 dx
Z
2 x.2 arcsin x
= x(arcsin x) − √ dx
1 − x2
Z  
2 2x
= x(arcsin x) − √ arcsin x dx
1 − x2
2x dx √

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Let u0 = arcsin x and dv 0 = √ . We get du0 = √ and v 0 = −2 1 − x2 .
1 − x2 1 − x2
√ Z  √
  
2 1
∴ 2
I = x(arcsin x) − −2 1 − x arcsin x − −2 1 − x . √
2 dx
1 − x2
√
 Z 
2
= x(arcsin x) − −2 1 − x2 arcsin x − −2 dx
√
EM = x(arcsin x)2 + 2 1 − x2 arcsin x − 2x + C

dk 1
Solution 2: Let k = arcsin x. Then = √ . Since k = arcsin x we have that
dx 1 − x2
x = sin k. Therefore
√ p √
dx = 1 − x2 dk = 1 − sin2 k dk = cos2 k dk = cos k dk

(Note: since k = arcsin x and√the range of arcsin x is [−π/2, π/2]. Therefore −π/2 6 k 6
π/2. Therefore we have that cos2 k = | cos k| = cos k.)
Z Z
2
Now we have I = (arcsin x) dx = k 2 cos k dk. We integrate by parts letting u = k 2
and dv = cos k dk. This gives us du = 2k dk and v = sin k.
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 MAT01B1 SEMESTER TEST 1 – 26 AUGUST 2017 6/10

Z √
(c) x3 1 − x2 dx (5)

dx
Solution 1: Let x = sin θ, −π/2 6 θ 6 π/2. Therefore = cos θ.
dθ

Z √
∴ I= x3 1 − x2 dx
Z p
= sin3 θ 1 − sin2 θ cos θ dθ
Z √
= sin3 θ cos2 θ cos θ dθ
Z
sin3 θ cos2 θ dθ

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=
Z
= sin θ(1 − cos2 θ) cos2 θ dθ

Let u = cos θ then du = − sin θdθ.

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∴ I= (u2 − 1)u2 du
EM Z
= (u4 − u2 ) du
u5 u3
= − +C
5 3
cos5 θ cos3 θ
= − +C
5 3
x √
1−x2
√
Since sin θ = we get cos θ = 1
= 1 − x2 .
1
√
5 √
3
1 − x2 1 − x2
∴ I= − +C
5 3

Solution 2: Let u = 1 − x2 . Then we have du = −2x dx and x2 = 1 − u. We get

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√ √
 
−1 −1
Z Z Z
3 2
I = x 1 − x dx = (1 − u) u = (u1/2 − u3/2 ) du
2 2

Hence
2(1 − x2 )3/2 2(1 − x2 )5/2 (1 − x2 )5/2 (1 − x2 )3/2
 
−1
I= − +C = − +C
2 3 5 5 3
√
Solution 3: The integral can also be integrated by parts. Let u = x2 and dv = x 1 − x2 dx.
 MAT01B1 SEMESTER TEST 1 – 26 AUGUST 2017 7/10

sin5 x
Z
(d) dx (4)
cos8 x
sin5 x
Z Z Z
5 3
Solution 1: I = dx = tan x sec x dx = tan4 x sec2 x tan x sec x dx.
cos8 x
Z Z
2 2 2
∴ I= (tan x) sec x tan x sec x dx = (sec2 x − 1)2 sec2 x tan x sec x dx.

Let u = sec x and du = tan x sec x dx. Then

u7 2u5 u3
Z Z Z
I = (u − 1) u du = (u − 2u + 1)u du = (u6 − 2u4 + u2 ) du =
2 2 2 4 2 2
− + + C.
7 5 3
Finally we get

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sec7 x 2 sec5 x sec3 x
I= − + +C
7 5 3

sin5 x sin4 x sin x (1 − cos2 x)2 sin x

Z Z Z
Solution 2: I = dx = dx = dx.
cos8 x cos8 x cos8 x
EM Let u = cos x, then du = − sin x. Then

(1 − u2 )2 (−1) (1 − 2u2 + u4 ) 2u−5 u−7 u−3

Z Z Z
2u−6 − u−8 − u−4 du =


I= du = du = − − +C
u8 −u8 −5 −7 −3
Finally we get

1 2 1 sec7 x 2 sec5 x sec3 x

I= − + + C = − + +C
7 cos7 x 5 cos5 x 3 cos3 x 7 5 3

Z π/3
(e) 2 cos 5x cos 3x dx (3)
π/6

We have that cos A cos B = 21 [cos(A − B) + cos(A + B)]. Therefore

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Z π/3 Z π/3
2 cos 5x cos 3x dx = (cos 2x + cos 8x) dx
π/6 π/6
 π/3
sin 2x sin 8x
= +
2 8 π/6
   
sin(2π/3) sin(8π/3) sin(2π/6) sin(8π/6)
= + − +
2 8 2 8
√ √ ! √ √ !
3 3 3 − 3
= + − +
4 16 4 16
√ √ √ √
3 3 3 3
= + − +
√4 16 4 16
3
=
8
 MAT01B1 SEMESTER TEST 1 – 26 AUGUST 2017 8/10

Question 3 [6 marks]
Z ∞
Consider the integral I = e−x dx
3

(a) Sketch the graph of the function and shade the area represented by the integral. (1)

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(b) Determine whether or not the integral is convergent. (3)
Solution:
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I = lim e−x dx
t→∞ 3
t
= lim − e−x 3

t→∞
= lim −e−t − (−e−3 )


t→∞
= lim e−3 − e−t


t→∞
1
= e−3 − 0 =
e3
Therefore the integral is convergent.
Z ∞
1
(c) Hence determine whether or not the integral dx is convergent. (2)
3 x + ex
Solution:
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1 1
When x > 3 we have that x + ex > ex > 0 and therefore x
6 x.
x+e e
Z ∞
From part (b) we have that e−x dx is convergent and hence by the Comparison Theorem
Z ∞ 3
1
we have that dx is convergent.
3 x + ex
 MAT01B1 SEMESTER TEST 1 – 26 AUGUST 2017 9/10

Question 4 [4 marks]
4x
(a) Find all critical numbers of the function f (x) = . (3)
1 + x2

Solution:
4(1 + x2 ) − 4x(2x) 4 + 4x2 − 8x2 4(1 − x2 )
f 0 (x) = = =
(1 + x2 )2 (1 + x2 )2 (1 + x2 )2
Therefore f 0 (x) = 0 when x = 1 or x = −1. The derivative f 0 (x) is never undefined. Hence
the critical numbers are 1 and −1.

(b) If you are finding an absolute minimum of a function over an interval [a, b], why do you
need to check the endpoints? Draw a graph that supports your answer. (1)

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Solution:

The function value at the end points might be less than the local minima that occur on (a, b).
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Question 5 [3 marks]
1
Show that the Mean Value Theorem applies to f (x) = √ on [0, 3] and then find the value
x+1
of c as guaranteed by the Mean Value Theorem. (3)
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Solution: f (x) is discontinuous if x 6 −1 but it is continuous on [0, 3].

−1 −1
f 0 (x) = 2
(x + 1)−3/2 = hence f (x) is differentiable for all x > −1. Therefore
2(x + 1)3/2
it is differentiable on (0, 3). Now by the Mean Value Theorem there exists c ∈ (0, 3) such that
f (3) − f (0) 1/2 − 1 −1
f 0 (c) = = = . We solve
3−0 2 4
−1 −1
3/2
=
2(c + 1) 4
3/2
∴ (c + 1) = 2
∴ c + 1 = 22/3
√3
√
3
∴ c= 4−1 4 − 1 ∈ (0, 3)
 MAT01B1 SEMESTER TEST 1 – 26 AUGUST 2017 10/10

Question 6 [4 marks]

Prove Rolle’s Theorem:

Let f be a function that satisfies the hypotheses:

(i) f is continuous on [a, b]
(ii) f is differentiable on (a, b)
(iii) f (a) = f (b).

Then there is a number c on (a, b) so that f 0 (c) = 0. (4)

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EM THEORY
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