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Class 12 - Physics
Alternating Current Test 01

Question No. 1 to 5 are based on the given text. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
The power averaged over one full cycle of a.c. is known as average power. It is also known as true power.
V0 I0
Pav = Vrms Irmscos ϕ = 2
cos ϕ

Root mean square or simply rms watts refer to continuous power. A circuit containing a 80 mH inductor and a 60 μ F capacitor
in series is connected to a 230 V, 50 Hz supply. The resistance of the circuit is negligible.

1. The value of current amplitude is

a. 11.63 A
b. 15 A
c. 17.65 A
d. 6.33 A
2. Find rms value.
a. 8.23 A
b. 7.52 A
c. 5.25 A
d. 6 A
3. The average power transferred to inductor is
a. 2.5 W
b. zero
c. 7 W
d. 5 W
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4. The average power transferred to the capacitor is
a. 11 W
b. 15 W
c. 5 W
d. zero
5. What is the total average power absorbed by the circuit?
a. 2.5 W
b. zero
c. 15 W
d. 10 W
6. An ideal coil of 10 henry is joined in series with a resistance of 5 ohm and a battery of 5 volt. After two seconds joining,
the current flowing in ampere in the circuit will be:
a. e-1

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b. 1 - e
c. (1 - e-1)
d. e
7. The following series LCR circuit, when driven by an emf source of angular frequency 70 kilo-radians per second, the
circuit effectively behaves like:

a. purely resistive circuit

b. series LC circuit with R = 0
c. series RC circuit
d. series RL circuit
8. The main reason for preferring usage of AC voltage over DC voltage is
a. there are no DC generators
b. DC uses alternators whereas AC uses generators
c. AC voltages can be easily and efficiently converted by means of transformers
d. DC Batteries are of low voltage
9. Assertion (A): Capacitor serves as a block for dc and offers an easy path to ac.
Reason (R): Capacitive reactance is inversely proportional to frequency.
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
10. Assertion (A): A bulb connected in series with a solenoid is connected to ac source. If a soft iron core is introduced in
the solenoid, the bulb will glow brighter.
Reason (R): On introducing soft iron core in the solenoid, the inductance increases.
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
11. State True or False:
i. No power loss is associated with a pure capacitor in an a.c. circuit.
a. True
b. False
ii. Only a.c. can be stepped up or down by means of transformers.
a. True
b. False
12. Fill in the blanks:
a. The frequency of d.c. is ________.
b. Reciprocal of impedance is ________.
13. What are
i. dimensions and
ii. units of product RC?

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14. What is the mean value of an alternating current over a complete cycle?
15. A 10 kW transformer has 20 turns in the primary and 100 turns in the secondary circuit. An a.c. voltage ε = 600 sin 314
1

t is applied to the primary. Find

i. the maximum value of flux and
ii. the maximum value of the secondary voltage.
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16. How are the energy losses reduced in a trans-former?
17. i. An ac circuit as shown in the figure has an inductor of inductance L and a resistor of resistance R connected in series.
Using the phasor diagram, explain why the voltage in the circuit will lead the current in phase?
ii. The potential difference across the resistor is 160 V and that across the inductor is 120 V. Find the effective value of
the applied voltage. If the effective current in the circuit be 1·0 A, calculate the total impedance of the circuit.
iii. What will be the potential difference in the circuit when direct current is passed through the circuit?

18. i. Draw a labelled diagram of a step-up transformer. Obtain the ratio of secondary to primary voltage in terms of the
number of turns and currents in the two coils.
ii. A power transmission line feeds input power at 2200 V to a step-down transformer with its primary windings having
3000 turns. Find the number of turns in the secondary to get the power output at 220 V.

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Class 12 - Physics
Alternating Current Test 01

Solution

1. (a) 11.63 A
Explanation: Inductance, L = 80 mH = 80 × 10-3 H
Capacitance, C = 60 μ F = 60 × 10-6 F, V = 230 V
Frequency, ν = 50 Hz
ω = 2πν = 100π rad s-1
– –
Peak voltage, V0 = V √2 = 230√2 V

V0
Maximum current is given by, I0 = 1
(ωL− )
ωC

230√2
I0 =
1
−3
(100π×80×10 − )
−6
100π ×60×10

230√2
I0 = 1000
= -11.63 A
(8π− )
6π

Amplitude of maximum current, I0 = 11.63 A

2. (a) 8.23 A
I0
Explanation: rms value of current, I = =
−11.63
= -8.23 A
√2 √2

Negative sign appears as ωL <

1

ωC

3. (b) zero
Explanation: Average power consumed by the inductor is zero because of phase difference of between voltage and
π

current through inductor.

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4. (d) zero
Explanation: Average power consumed by the capacitor is zero because of phase difference of between voltage and π

current through capacitor.

5. (b) zero
Explanation: zero
6. (c) (1 - e-1)
Explanation: The growth of current in L - R circuit is given by:
R

I=I
− t
0 (1 − e L
)

R 5
− ×2
or I =
E − t 5
(1 − e L
) = (1 − e 10
)
R 5

I = (1 - e-1)
7. (c) series RC circuit
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−

Explanation: Impedance, Z
2
2
= √( XL ∼ XC ) + R
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2

or Z = √(Lω ∼
1
) + R
2

Cω

Inductive reactance,
XL = ωL

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3 −6
= 70 × 10 × 100 × 10 = 7Ω

Capacitance reactance,
1 1
XC = =
3 −6
ωC 70×10 ×1×10
2
1 10 100
= = = Ω
−2
7×10 7 7

XC > XL
Hence, circuit behaves like an R-C circuit.
8. (c) AC voltages can be easily and efficiently converted by means of transformers
Explanation: By using the phenomenon of mutual induction, transformers allow us to easily change voltage of AC. This
is necessary to cut down poor losses while supplying electricity to our homes.
9. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: The capacitive reactance of the capacitor is given by XC = =
1

ωC
1

2πfC

So this is infinite for dc (f = 0) and has a very small value for ac. Therefore a capacitor blocks dc.
10. (d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: On introducing soft iron core, the bulb will glow dimmer. This is because on introducing soft iron core in
the solenoid, its inductance L increases, the inductive reactance, XL = ωL increases and hence the current through the
bulb decreases.
11. State True or False:
i. (a) True
ii. (a) True
12. Fill in the blanks:
a. Zero
b. Admittance
13. i. M0L0T1
ii. Second
14. It is zero.
15. i. Flux linked with each turn of primary,
ϕ = BA cos ωt = ϕ0 cos ωt

Here ϕ = BA = maximum value of flux linked with each turn

0

dϕ d
∴ ε1 = − N1 = − N1 ( ϕ0 cos ωt)
dt dt

= ωN ϕ sin ωt 1 0

Peak value of ε 1
ε0
= ε0 = ωN1 ϕ0 or ϕ 0
=
ωN1

Given ε 1 = 600 sin 314t = ε0 sin ωt

∴ ε0= 600 V, ω = 314rads-1

Hence, ϕ = 0
600

314×20
= 0.0955 Wb
0
ε N2
ii. 2

0
=
N1
ε
1

∴ Maximum value of secondary voltage is

N2
= 3000 V
0 0 100
ε = ⋅ε = × 600
2 N1 1 20

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material for CBSE, NCERT, JEE (main), NEET-UG and NDA exams. Teachers can use Examin8 App to create similar
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16. The efficiency of a transformer can be increased by using
i. laminated core to minimise the loss of energy due to eddy currents and
ii. by selecting a material for the core, whose hysteresis loop is narrow in order to minimise hysteresis loss.

17. i.

From the phasor diagram it is clear that VR is in phase with I and VL is ahead of I in phase by π

2
.
Hence the resultant voltage (= voltage in the circuit) will lead VR and, therefore, the current in the circuit.
ii. Let V be the effective potential difference across L - R circuit, therefore
−−−−−−−
−−−−−−−−−−−−
V = √V 2
R
+ V
2
L
= √(160)
2
+ (120)
2
= 200 V
Impedance of the circuit, Z = = = 200 Ω
V 200
∴
I 1

iii. For d.c. (constant voltage sources), VL = 0, therefore

Potential difference in the circuit = VR = 160 V
18. i.

Whenever current in one coil changes an emf gets induced in the neighbouring coil (Principle of mutual induction)
Voltage across secondary
dϕ
Vs = es = -Ns dt

Voltage across primary

dϕ
Vp = ep = -Np dt

Vs Ns
= (here, Ns > Np)
Vp Np

In an ideal transformer
Power Input = Power output
Ip Vp = Is Vs
Vs Ns Ip
∴ = =
Vp Np Is

ii. Calculation of the number of turns in the secondary:

No. of turns in primary coil Np = 3000, Vs = 220V, Vp = 2200V
Ns Vs
=
Np Vp

Ns 220
=
3000 2200

∴ Ns = 300

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