GEN.ED.

COLEGIO DE SAN ANTONIO DE PADUA

Supervised by the Lasallian Schools Supervision Office
Ramon M. Durano Foundation Compound,
Guinsay, Danao City, Cebu
Tel. No. (032) 344-4709

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

301

MODULE 4 IN ENGLISH ENHANCEMENT 301 – FINALS

Prepared by:
LUX MAE D. VILDOSOLA

Revised and Edited by:

JAVES H. VALDEZ
2022

DAISY L. GOMEZ
2023

NAME OF STUDENT: _________________________________________________

DEGREE PROGRAM, YR. & SEC.: _____________________________________
SUBJECT TEACHER: _________________________________________________

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

LESSON PAGE NUMBER

Lesson 1: PARALLELISM IN SENTENCES 3

Lesson 2: IDENTIFYING FACT FROM OPINION 4

Lesson 3: WRITING A REACTION PAPER 6

MODULE IV LEARNING ACTIVITIES 9

Lesson Objectives:

At the end of this module, students are expected to:

1. define parallelism in the context of English grammar;
2. differentiate fact from opinion;
3. construct factual and opinionated sentences;
4. value the importance of identifying fact statements to spread information
and to avoid miscommunication;
5. define reaction paper; and
6. create a reaction paper based on one’s favorite movie.

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 LESSON 1
PARALLELISM IN SENTENCES

Parallelism in sentences refers to matching grammatical structures. Elements in a

sentence that have the same function or express similar ideas should be grammatically parallel,
or grammatically matched. Parallelism is used as a rhetorical and stylistic device in literature,
speeches, advertising, and popular songs. Parallel structure adds both clout and clarity to your
writing. When you use parallel structure, you increase the readability of your writing by creating
word patterns readers can follow easily. Parallelism lends balance and grace to writing. It can
make a sentence memorable. Even in prose not destined for greatness, parallelism is important.

Understanding Parallel Structure

Parallel structure (also called parallelism) is the repetition of a chosen grammatical form
within a sentence. By making each compared item or idea in your sentence follow the same
grammatical pattern, you create a parallel construction.

Example:

Not Parallel: Ellen likes hiking, the rodeo, and to take afternoon naps.

Parallel: Ellen likes hiking, attending the rodeo, and taking afternoon naps. OR

Ellen likes to hike, attend the rodeo, and take afternoon naps.

Using Parallel Structure

 With Coordinating Conjunctions

When you connect two or more clauses or phrases with a coordinating conjunction (for, and,
nor, but, or, yet, or so), use parallel structure.
Example:
Not Parallel: My best friend took me dancing and to a show.
Parallel: My best friend took me to a dance and a show.

 With Correlative Conjunctions

When you connect two clauses or phrases with a correlative conjunction (not only…but also,
either…or, neither…nor, if…then, etc.), use parallel structure.
Example
Not Parallel: My dog not only likes to play fetch, but also chase cars.
Parallel: My dog not only likes to play fetch, but also likes to chase cars. OR
My dog likes not only to play fetch, but also to chase cars.

 With Phrases or Clauses of Comparison

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When you connect two clauses or phrases with a word of comparison, such as than or as, use
parallel structure.
Example:
Not Parallel: I would rather pay for my education than financial aid.
Parallel: I would rather pay for my education than receive financial aid.
 With Lists
When you are comparing items in a list, use parallel structure.
Examples:
Not Parallel: John Taylor Gatto criticizes public schools because they are compulsory,
funded by the government, and destroy students' humanity.
Parallel: John Taylor Gatto criticizes public schools because they are compulsory,
government-funded, and normalizing.

OR, John Taylor Gatto criticizes public schools because they require students to attend,
receive money from the government, and destroy students' humanity.

LESSON 2
IDENTIFYING FACT AND OPINION

WHAT IS A FACT?

A fact generally refers to something that is true and can be verified as such. That is, a fact
is something that can be proven to be true.
Statements that can be verified. They can be proven true or false. Statements of fact are o
bjective they contain information but do not tell what the writer thinks or believes about the topic

Examples: My car payment is $250 per month.

I live in Brooklyn, New York.

Questions to Identify Facts:

1. Can the statement be proved or demonstrated to be true?
2. Can the statement be observed in practice or operation? Can you see it happen?
3. Can the statement be verified by witnesses, manuscripts, or documents?

WHAT IS AN OPINION?

An opinion refers to a personal belief. It relates to how someone feels about something.
Others may agree or disagree with an opinion, but they cannot prove or disprove it. This is what
defines it as opinion.

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 Statements that express a writer’s feelings, attitudes, or beliefs. They are neither true nor
false. They are one person’s view about a topic or issue.

Examples: My car payment is too expensive.

The cake tastes delicious.

Types of Opinion:
1. Positions on controversial issues
2. Predictions about things in the future
3. Evaluations of people, places, and things

Words to Identify Opinions:

1. Biased Words (bad, worse, worst, good, better, best, worthwhile, worthless, etc.)
2. Qualifiers ( all, always, likely, never, might, seem, possibly, probably, should, etc.)

Informed Opinions:
The opinions of experts are known as informed opinions. As experts in their field, they may give
observations and offer comments that are not strictly factual. They are based on their years of
study and experience.
Example: Chimps are in massive danger of extinction from dwindling habitats.

Questions to Identify Informed Speakers:

1. Does the speaker have a current and relevant background to the topic under discussion?
2. Is the speaker generally respected within the field?
3.Does the speaker carefully signal, via judgment words, to identify when they are presenting
opinions vs. facts?

Why Are Fact and Opinion So Important?

The ability to distinguish between fact and opinion helps students develop their critical
and analytical skills in both their reading and their listening. Fact and opinion are often woven
together in texts and speeches. It is therefore imperative that students are able to unravel the
threads of what is true from what is mere belief if they are to successfully navigate the deluge of
media they will encounter in their lifetimes.

Whether on the news, in advertising, or in a history book, distinguishing between what is

fact and what is opinion is crucial to becoming an autonomous person with the critical abilities
necessary to avoid being manipulated easily.

THE LANGUAGE OF FACT AND OPINION: SIGNAL

WORDS AND PHRASES
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 As we mentioned above, often writers will liven up their facts with a sprinkling of
opinion. Unfortunately, it can at times be difficult to extract the verifiable truths from the
author’s preferences and biases. Luckily the language used itself often throws up helpful clues in
the forms of words and phrases that assist us in identifying statements as fact-based or opinion-
based.

Let’s now take a look at some examples of those signal words and phrases being used in
the sentence fragments that often precede a statement of fact or opinion:

Fact Opinion

 The annual report confirms… ● He claimed that…

 Scientists have recently
● The report argues that…
 According to the results of
the tests… ● Many scientists suspect that…
 The investigation
demonstrated…

LESSON 3
WRITING A REACTION PAPER

What is a reaction paper?

A reaction paper is a written assignment that provides a personal opinion regarding a given
piece of work. The paper should include a short summary of the work, but the main focus is your
thoughts, feelings and rationalizations about what's discussed in the original text. This requires
analysis of the given work on your part, followed by a focused, well-thought-out reaction backed by
outside sources, where applicable.

Your reaction paper should consist of four main parts:

1. Introduction
2. Body
3. Conclusion
4. List of citations and sources

How to Write a Reaction Paper

The introduction of your paper serves to lay out your ideas and to pique the interest of your
readers. A great place to start is to name the author and the work that you are reacting to, elucidating

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the main focus of what you are going to discuss. This part should be about three or four sentences,
closing with your thesis statement. Keep your thesis statement concise, because you'll reference it
several times throughout your paper.

Here are the suggested steps for structuring and writing this paper:
1. Read and analyze the work thoroughly.
2. Craft your thesis statement.
3. Create the paper's outline.
4. Compose a first draft.
5. Polish and repeat.
1. Read and analyze the work thoroughly

It's crucial that you fully understand why you're writing and what you're reacting to. You may find
yourself going back to reread or rewatch, depending on the medium, to make sure you understand
completely what is being presented to you. As you do so, take notes on parts that you find important
so you can easily refer back to them later.

2. Craft your thesis statement

Go back through your notes to get an idea of your overarching angle. This will help you form the
main idea you will fully develop in your reaction. Craft a clear, concise statement as your thesis,
ideally in a single sentence.

3. Create the paper's outline

Again, using your notes, start building the framework for your arguments. Fleshing out these ideas
while writing your reaction will be much easier and more organized when you're following an outline.

4. Compose a first draft

Use your outline to form the first draft of your work. This will be rough but should give you a clear
idea of what the finished product is going to look like. Tip: write your introduction last. It's very
frustrating to write your whole paper only to realize that you deviated from your thesis pages ago.
Circling back to it after writing the rest allows you to tweak the way you stated your thesis, if
necessary.

5. Polish and repeat

There's a possibility that you'll be producing two, three or even four drafts before the final polished
piece are ready to go. For each pass through the paper during editing, focus on one main thing that
you're editing for. For example, the first pass might be focused on spelling, grammar and punctuation.
The next pass could be looking at the organization of ideas, and so on. You'll make as many passes as
you need to create exactly what you want to present.

How to Write your Paper?

Here are some steps for writing your paper:

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Part 1: The Introduction and Summary

The first part of your paper will include a quick, objective summary of the work you're
reacting to. It should include the author's name and the title of the piece as well as the publication date.
The summarization itself should be a highlight reel of the main points and a condensed explanation of
the key supporting elements.

You should feel free to use direct quotes for ideas that you deem are especially important to
your reaction. At this point, it's unnecessary to go into detail on any one point or introduce any
subjective opinions. That will come later.

Part 2: Your Thoughts, Feelings and Opinions

The second part of the paper is where you express your opinions on the key points of the
work, supported by reliable sources. For each point in your reaction, circle back to reference the
corresponding part in the original piece. This is your analysis, the most important section of this paper.
Your reactions can answer a question relating the work to real-life situations in society, they can
respond to the emotions evoked in you when you read/watched it or they can articulate how the
original work shifted or solidified your perspective on the subject. Your evaluation should discuss the
accuracy, organization, importance and completeness of the work. This is where you'll take a stance
on whether you recommend this work to others and the reasons for your answer. Your conclusions
should be presented concisely and reiterate your thesis and the main points that took shape as you
wrote. Finally, your cited sources should be listed according to the writing style you're using (MLA,
APA).

MODULE IV
LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Name: ____________________________________ Program: _____________________________

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 TOPIC: PARALLELISM IN SENTENCES
LESSON 1 ACTIVITIES
A.DIRECTIONS: Below are unparalleled and faulty sentences. Using the blanks provided, convert
each sentence into a parallel one.

1. Jack washed his shirts, drying his shorts, and ironing his pants.

2. I want to find a gym that is not only close to my apartment but also I want to find a cheap
one.

3. The president must prove his point or accepting ours.

________________________________________________________________________

4. Communication can turn into a ramble, repetitive, and direction.

5. I love writing gracefully in Calligraphy and to mix chemicals in the Chemistry lab.

B. DIRECTIONS: Construct three (3) sentences for each type of parallel sentences.

 With Coordinating Conjunction

1.
2.
3.

 With Correlative Conjunction

1.
2.
3.

 With Phrases or Clauses of Comparison

1.
2.
3.

 With Lists
1.
2.
3.

Name: __________________________________ Program: __________________________

TOPIC: IDENTIFYING FACT AND OPINION

LESSON 2 ACTIVITIES
A.DIRECTIONS: Read each sentence carefully and identify whether it is a Fact or an Opinion.

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 Write your answers in the blanks provided before each number.

________________ 1. The fastest land dwelling creature is the cheetah.

________________ 2. George Washington was the first President of the United States.
________________ 3. The ugliest sea creature is the manatee.
________________ 4. Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player of all time.
________________ 5. There seems to be too much testing in public schools.
________________ 6. Prison is one of the worst places on the planet.
________________ 7. It is wrong for people under the age of 21 to drink alcohol.
________________ 8. The novel “Frankenstein” was written by Mary Shelley.
________________ 9. Lord of the Rings: Return of the King won eleven Oscars.
________________ 10. Charlie Chaplin is the funniest comedian of all time.

B. DIRECTIONS: Using the words/phrases provided below, construct sentences for each
indicated type.
FACT SENTENCES
1. (William Shakespeare)

2. (Whales)
___________________________________________________________________________
3. (Mr. Bean)

4. (The Avengers)
___________________________________________________________________________
5. (Genetics)
___________________________________________________________________________

OPINION SENTENCES
1. (Taylor Swift)

2. (“Starry Night”)
___________________________________________________________________________
3. (Borbon, Cebu)
___________________________________________________________________________
4. (Liloan’s Rosquillos)

5. (Rowell Divina)
___________________________________________________________________________

Name: _____________________________________ Program: _______________________

TOPIC: WRITING A REACTION PAPER

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 LESSON 3 ACTIVITYDIRECTIONS: Think of your most favorite movie. Using the space
below, create a reaction paper based on the movie. You are required to follow the correct
structure in writing a reaction paper. (30pts)

Movie Title: _____________________________________________________

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