PAKSITAN STUDIES.

NAME : HUSSAIN AKBAR ROLL NO : SP23 BBA 009 .

DATE : 1 OCT 2023 ASSIGNMENT NO : 1

Why Khilafat Movement failed and what was the role of Congress in its
failure?
Khilafat Movement's Failure:

• International Factors: Unfavorable global context and the decline of the Ottoman
Empire weakened the movement's goals.
• Turkish Reforms: Secularization reforms in Turkey, including the abolition of the
Caliphate, undermined the movement's objectives.
• Internal Divisions: Differences among Khilafat leaders, both in terms of religious and
political goals, weakened the movement.
• Limited Widespread Support: Insufficient support from non-Muslims and other
political groups limited its impact.

Role of Congress in Khilafat Movement's Failure:

• Mixed Support: Congress supported Khilafat but with conditions and for its own
political agenda.
• Merge with Non-Cooperation Movement: Merging Khilafat with Non-Cooperation
Movement led to conflicts over priorities and objectives.
• Chauri Chaura Incident: Gandhi's decision to call off Non-Cooperation Movement
disappointed Khilafat supporters and disrupted unity.

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PAKSITAN STUDIES.

HOW KHILAFAT MOVEMENT PROVED THAT HINDUS AND

MUSLIMS WERE TWO DIFFERENT NATIONS AS THEY COULD NOT
CONTINUE THE UNITY AND ULTIMATELY PAVED THE WAY FOR
PAKISTAN MOVEMENT?
The Khilafat Movement initially symbolized Hindu-Muslim unity against the disintegration of
the Ottoman Caliphate. However, it highlighted differences and contributed to the perception of
Hindus and Muslims as two separate nations:

• Unity: The movement started as a symbol of Hindu-Muslim unity over a common

religious concern.
• Divergent Objectives: Hindus and Muslims began to diverge in their political goals,
with Muslims focused on Caliphate restoration and Hindus on broader Indian
independence.
• Congress' Role: Congress supported the movement to forge unity but merged it with the
Non-Cooperation Movement, leading to tensions.
• Limited Success: The Khilafat Movement failed to save the Caliphate, showcasing limits
to Hindu-Muslim unity for common political aims.
• Separate Identity: The idea of separate political identities gained ground, laying the
foundation for the demand for Pakistan.
• Prelude to Pakistan: This notion ultimately led to the Pakistan Movement and the
creation of Pakistan in 1947, signifying the belief in Hindus and Muslims as separate
nations

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