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Group-4
Submitted by

Nafizur Rahman
2111486030
Anika Islam
2111002630
Rokaiya Nasrin
2031371630
Araf Hussain
Synopsis
2111078642
Submitted to
Dr. Md Sarwar Hossain
 Topic

A brief recount of the historical perspective covering broad socio-economic impulses and
the resulting political orientation of the Muslims from Plessy to the Ottoman downfall
significantly reinforced the Pakistan movement, creating a separate homeland for the
Muslims based on the Two Nation theory. Write an analytical paper on the political process
of creating Pakistan as a separate Muslim homeland.

Table of Content:

1. Introduction
2. Aim
3. All-India Muslim League Formation (1906)
4. Lucknow Pact (1916)
5. Khilafat Movement (1919-1924)
6. Simon Commission (1927)
7. Lahore Resolution (1940)
8. Independence and Partition (1947)
9. Scope
10. Source
11. Consequences
12. Conclusion

Introduction

An essential moment in the history of the Indian subcontinent and the entire world was the
political process of establishing Pakistan as a distinct Muslim country. It resulted in the
forming a brand-new nation-state, profoundly affecting world politics and security. The
political process that led to the creation of Pakistan was significant for several reasons It
was a reaction to what was thought to be Muslims' political and economic marginalization
in British India. Although Muslims made up a sizeable portion of the population in British
India, they believed that neither the government nor the economy gave them enough
representation.
As a result, there was increased demand for a Muslim homeland where Muslims could
have more influence over their fate. It was a reflection of the growing Muslim nationalist
movement in British India. In the early 20th century, there was an increasing sense of
Muslim identity and solidarity among Muslims in British India. This led to the formation of
Muslim political parties and organizations, which campaigned for a separate Muslim
homeland.
Aim

This paper aims to discuss/highlight the causes, events, and consequences of separation
as a Muslim homeland of Pakistan.

Key-Events

A. All-India Muslim League Formation (1906)

1. Describe the formation of the Muslim League and its initial objectives.
2. Discuss the impact of the League in representing Muslim interests.

B. Lucknow Pact (1916)

1. Explain the significance of the Lucknow Pact in Hindu-Muslim political cooperation.
2. Analyze the consequences of this pact on the broader political landscape.

C. Khilafat Movement (1919-1924)

1. Detail the Khilafat Movement and its goals.
2. Analyze how this movement influenced the demand for a separate Muslim state.

D. Simon Commission (1927)

1. Discuss the Muslim League's response to the Simon Commission and its rejection of the
Nehru Report.
2. Examine the consequences of this rejection.

E. Lahore Resolution (1940)

1. Explain the significance of the Lahore Resolution in formally demanding a separate state
for Muslims.
2. Analyze the reactions of different political groups and the British.

F. Independence and Partition (1947)

1. Describe the events leading to India's independence and the subsequent partition.
2. Analyze the consequences of partition, including the displacement of millions and
communal violence.
 Scope

The research scope on the political process of creating Pakistan is vast. Some specific
research questions that could be explored include:

● What were the different factors that contributed to the rise of Muslim
nationalism in India?
● How did the British policy of divide and rule contribute to the creation of
Pakistan?
● What role did the Second World War play in the creation of Pakistan?
● What were the different strategies used by the Muslim League to achieve its
goal of creating Pakistan?
● What were the various factions within the Muslim League, and how did they
differ in their vision for Pakistan?
● What were the different perspectives of the Indian National Congress and
other political parties on creating Pakistan?
● What were the challenges faced by the Muslim League in creating Pakistan?
● What was the impact of the creation of Pakistan on Muslims and Hindus in
India?

Sources

The following are some sources that could be used to research the political process of
creating Pakistan:

Primary sources:
1. Government documents include the Cabinet Mission Plan and the Indian
Independence Act of 1947.
2. Speeches and writings of Muslim League leaders, such as Muhammad Ali Jinnah and
Liaquat Ali Khan.
3. Speeches and writings of Indian National Congress leaders, such as Mahatma Gandhi
and Jawaharlal Nehru.
4. Memoirs and biographies of Muslim League leaders and Indian National Congress
leaders.
Secondary sources:
1. Books and articles on the history of the Muslim League and the Indian National
Congress
2. Books and articles on the Partition of India

Consequences

The creation of Pakistan as a separate Muslim homeland had several consequences on the
political process in the Indian subcontinent.

Positive consequences:

1. Gave Muslims a more excellent voice in government.

2. Promoted religious freedom.
3. Reduced tensions between Hindus and Muslims.

Negative consequences:

1. This led to widespread violence and displacement.

2. Created a climate of fear and mistrust
3. Strengthened the military in Pakistan.

In additional consequences:

1. This led to the rise of religious nationalism.

2. Made it challenging to resolve territorial disputes.
3. Hindered regional cooperation.

Conclusion

Summarize the main events and their consequences in the political process that led to the
creation of Pakistan. Reiterate the role of socio-economic and political forces in reinforcing
the Pakistan movement and the Two Nation theory. Reflect on the lasting impact of these
events on the region's history and politics.