RAVI- LEARNING- CENTER - HYDERABAD

LICE SDE( T) TO AGM( T) PROMOTION EXAMINATION MODEL PAPER NO 4

DATE :- 23/11/2023 TIME :- 7.45PM TO 10. 45 PM

1. A mother is twice as old as her son. If 20 years ago, the age of the mother was 10 times
the age of the son, what is the present age of the mother? ( 45/ 43/ 44 / 40 )

2. Four years ago a man was 6 times as old as his son. After 16 years he will be twice as
old as his son. What is the present age of man and his son? ( 32 / 28 / 34 / 30 )

3. The ratio of the ages of Minu and Meera is 4:2. If the sum of their ages is 6 years, find
the ratio of their ages after 8 years. ( 5: 6 / 6 : 5 / 2 : 3 / 3: 4 )

4. The ratio of the ages of Seeta and Geeta is 2:7. After 6 years, the ratio of their ages will
be 1:2. What is the difference in their present ages? ( 8 / 10 / 12 / 14 )

5. Ten years ago, the sum of ages of a father and his son was 34 years. If the ratio of
present ages of the father and son is 7:2, find the present age of the son.
( 42 / 12 / 18 / 6 )

6. The sum of the ages of father and his son is 44 years. If 6 years after the father will be 3
times as old as his son, what are their present ages?
( 8, 32 / 8, 36 / 8 , 40 / 12, 36 )

7. Ten years ago, Ajay was 1/3 rd as old as Vijay. If Ajay is 18 years old now, how old is
Vijay now? ( 32 / 34 / 28 / none )

8. Age of father is seven times the age of his son. In the next 10 years, the age of father
will be three times the age of his son. What is the age of father now?
( 30 / 35 / 40 / 45 )

9. Twelve years ago, Budh was twice as old as Badri. If the ratio of their present ages is
4:3 respectively, find the difference between their present ages. ( 6 / 8 / 4 / 12)

10. Two years ago the ratio of ages of Naresh and Suresh was 3:2. If one year hence, the
ratio of their ages will be 7:5, what is the sum of their present ages? (32 / 30 / 34 / 40 )

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11. If NOIDA is written as OPJEB, then what will be the code for DELHI?
( EFMAK/ EFAMK/ EFMIJ/ EFMIK )

12. If AIRLINE is written as ENILRIA7, then RAILWAY will be written as –

( YAWLIAR7/ YAWLIAR8 /YAWILAR7/YAWILAR8 )

13. If CAT is coded as PATC, JOY is coded as POYJ; similarly the word WING will be coded
as –
( PIGNW / PINGW / PGNIW/ PIWGN )

14. Which number should come next in the series 1, 2, 3, 10, ___ ( 79/ 99/ 89/98)

15. Which number is wrong in the series 2, 6, 15, 31, 56, 93? ( 6 /31 /56 / 93)

16. The number comes next in the series 12, 36, 109, 329, ... (900/ 990/890/none)

17. Suppose a series is 6, 11, 21, 36, 56, ? the number comes at the place of question mark
in the given series is – ( 91 /21/51/ 81)

18. Suppose a series is 1, 9, 25, 49, ?, 121, the number comes at the place of question
mark in the given series is – ( 91/21/51/81)

19. The number comes after the series 8, 28, 116, 584, ......( 3504/ 2508 / 3508/ 3507)

20. What will be the next number in the series 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, .......? ( 31/33/35/43)

21. What will be the missing number in the series 196, 169, 144, __, 100, 81?
( 121/120/119/118)

22. Which number comes next in the series 1536, 384, 96, ___?( 23 / 24/ 28/25)

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23. If PINK is coded as 1691411, then RED will be coded as – ( 1963 /1854/ 1853/ 1954)

24. Which of the following is the odd one from the given alternatives? ( Driving/ Diving/
Swimming/ Sailing)

25. Statement 1: John runs faster than George

Statement 2: Tom runs faster than
John Statement 3: George runs faster than Tom
If statement 1 and statement 2 are true, statement 3 will be –
( true / false / uncertain/ None of the above)

COMMON PAPER
INDIAN CONTRACT ACT 1872

1. As Per Indian contract act 1872 Sec-1 Short Title it means the Act may be
called the Indian Contract Act, 1872.

2. As Per Indian contract act 1872 Sec-2 is interpersonal cause

3. The person making the proposal is called the promisor and the person accepting the
proposal is called the promisee

4. A proposal when accepted, becomes a promise.

5. As Per Indian contract act Sec-4 relates with Communication when complete.

6. As Per Indian contract act Sec-5 relates with Revocation of Proposal and
Acceptance

7. A proposal may be revoked at any time before the communication of its acceptance is
complete as against the proposer .

8. Sec- 8 of Indian Contract act is Acceptance by performing conditions, or receiving

consideration.

9. Sec-9 of Indian Contract act is Promises, Express and Implied

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10. Sec-10 – of Indian Contract Ingredients of Contract .

11. The main ingredients of Contract are offer , acceptance , consideration , legal
relations , Legality and capacity and certainty .

12. Sec-11 of Indian Contract act deals with Who are competent to contract .

13. Sec-13 of Indian Contract act delas with Consent defined .

14. Sec-14 of Indian Contract act Free consent defined.

15. Sec. 23. Of Indian Contract act delas with what considerations and objects are
lawful, and what not .

16. Sec-24 of Indian Contract Agreement void, if consideration and objects are unlawful
in part.

17. Sec-25 of Indian Contract Agreements without consideration, void .

18. An agreement made without consideration is void unless it is expressed in writing and
registered under the law for the time being in force for the registration of documents,
and is made on account of natural love and affection between parties standing in a
near relation to each other.

19. Sec-29 of Indian Contract Agreements Void for uncertainty.

20. Sec-37 of Indian Contract Obligation of parties of contracts.

21. Sec-39 defines the Effect of refusal of party to perform promise wholly

22. Sec-51 – Promisor not bound to perform, unless reciprocal promisee ready and willing
to perform

23. Example of Reciprocal Promises :- A promises to deliver goods to B, and B promises

to pay A for those goods, these promises are reciprocal.

24. Sec-52 – Order of performance of reciprocal promises

25. The order of performance of reciprocal promises refers to the sequence or timing in
which the parties to a contract are obligated to fulfill their respective promises.

26. Sec-53 – Liability of party preventing event on which contract is to take effect Deals
with breach of contract or compensation .

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27. Breach of contract :- If a party prevents the fulfillment of a condition precedent or any
event necessary for the contract to take effect it may be considered a breach of
contract.

28. Compensation :- The party preventing the event may be required to compensate the
other party for any losses or damages suffered as a result of the prevention.

29. Sec-54 – Effect of default as to that promise which should be first performed, in
contract consisting of reciprocal promises

30. If A promises to deliver a product to B, then B is the promisee (the one to whom the
promise is made), and A is the promisor (the one making the promise).

31. Sec-55 Effect of failure to perform at fixed time, in contract in which time is essential

32. Sec-67 –Effect of neglect of promisee to afford promisor reasonable facilities for
performance

33. Sec-70 –Obligation of person enjoying benefit of non-gratuitous act

34. When a person enjoys the benefit of a non-gratuitous act, it refers to a situation where
someone has received a benefit that was not given as a mere gift or favor but, instead,
was conferred with an expectation of some form of reciprocation or obligation.

35. In legal terms a person enjoys the benefit of a non-gratuitous act situation often
involves the principle of "quasi-contract" or "contract implied in law."

36. Quasi contract is another name for a contract implied in law, which acts as a
remedy for a dispute between two parties that don't have a contract.

37. A quasi contract is a legal obligation—not a traditional contract

38. An implied contract is a legally-binding obligation that derives from actions, conduct,
or circumstances of one or more parties in an agreement.

39. Sec-73 Compensation for loss or damage caused by breach of contract

40. When a contract has been broken, the party who suffers by such breach is entitled to
receive, from the party who has broken the contract, compensation for any loss or
damage caused to him thereby, which naturally arose in the usual course of things
from such breach.

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41. Section 74 declares the law regarding liability upon breach of contract where
compensation is pre-determined by way of an agreement between the parties, or
where there is a stipulation by way of penalty.

42. Sec-75 Party rightfully rescinding contract, entitled to compensation

43. The right to rescind a contract typically arises when one party has a valid reason to
cancel or terminate the contract due to the other party's breach or failure to fulfill its
contractual obligations.

44. Arbitration is a form of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) in which parties to a

dispute agree to submit their disagreements to an impartial third party, called an
arbitrator or a panel of arbitrators.

45. The arbitrator reviews the evidence, listens to the arguments of both parties, and then
makes a binding or non-binding decision to resolve the dispute.

46. Depending on the agreement of the parties, the arbitrator's decision can be binding
(enforceable in court) or non-binding (advisory). Most commercial arbitrations result in
binding decisions.

47. Arbitration is typically a voluntary process. The arbitrator is an impartial third party
chosen by the parties or appointed according to a process outlined in their agreement.

48. Arbitration is often less formal and more flexible than court proceedings. The rules of
evidence and procedure can be adapted to suit the needs of the parties, making the
process more time-efficient and cost-effective.

49. Arbitration & Conciliation Act came into effect from 25.01.1996and was amended by
Act 3 of 2016.

50. The amended act deemed to have come into force from 23.10.15. It was further
amended by Act 33 of 2019 with effect from 9th August 2019.

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 CORE PAPER

1. VLR ( visitor location register ) :- Collocated with an MSC and it is dynamic data
base.

2. HLR ( HOME LOCATION REGISTER):- It is Static data base, It Keeps the track of
current location of Subscriber .

3. AUC ( Authentication center ) Provides the security Information to the network. It

supports VLR by Authentication Triplet.

4. The Authentication Triplet contains Rand ( Random Number 128 bits ) , SRES (
Signed Response 32 bits) and Kc( Encryption key 64 bits ).

5. EIR ( Equipment Identity register) used for IMEI checking , maintaining of White, Grey
and Black lists are the functions of EIR. White List : Valid IMEI , Black List :- Stolen
IMEI , Grey List :- IMEI have problems.

6. Echo canceller :Reduces the duration of echo becomes 180 ms.

7. OMC is regional and multiple OMC’s for Network.

It Uses Regional N/W management. Planned for Daily Operations.

8. NMC is single unit for Network. It is used for Global network management. It is
designed with long term planning.

9. In OMC OMC( R) for BSS. And OMC( S) is for NSS.

10. Interfaces
Um is air Inter face between MS and BTS.
Abis is the interface between BTS and BSC.
Ater is the interface between BSC- TRAU.
And A interface is between TRAU- MSC.( Some times btn BSC- MSC)
B is the Interface between MSC- VLR.
C is the interface between MSC- HLR.
D is the Interface between HLR- VLR.
E is the Interface between MSC- other MSC.
F is the interface between MSC- EIR.
G is the interface between VLR- VLR.
H is the interface between HLR- AUC.

11. GSM ( Global system for mobile communications ) it is 2G and uses GMSK
modulation .

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12. GPRS ( General Packet Radio service) It is 2.5G ,Data rate supported by GPRS is
144 kbps GPRS uses GMSk modulation

13. The Main network elements of GPRS are SGSN ( Serving Group GPRS support Node )
and GGSN ( Gate way GPRS Node ).

14. SGSN functions are Protocol conversion, Data Compression, Authentication and
Mobility management .

15. GGSN functions are Routing of mobile Destinated Packets , Allocation of dynamic
or static IP to mobile by it self or with the help of RADIUS (Remote Authentication
Dial-In User Service)

16. In GPRS CCU( Channel code Unit ) is located BTS and PCU ( Packet Control unit)
is located BSC

17. In GPRS BG( Border Gate way ) is for Inter PLMN network. And CG ( Charging Gate
Way ) for Billing centre.

18. EDGE (Enhanced data rates for GSM evolution) It is 2.75 G, It supports data rate
up to 384 Kbps , It uses GMSK+ 8PSK mosulation. , It Uses MCS- 1 to MCS- 4
GMSK and from MCS-5 to MCS-9 8PSK.

19. CDMA ( Code Division Multiple Access):- Uses spread spectrum techniques to allow
multiple users to share the same frequency band simultaneously.

20. CDMA Uses PN (Pseudo-Noise) codes also known as spreading codes or sequences
for distinguishing different users' signals and enabling them to coexist on the same
frequency.

21. PN codes are generated using Hadamard matrices. PN codes are orthogonal to each
other So that their cross-correlation is close to zero .

22. PN codes are characterized by their chip rate, which is the rate at which the code
sequence changes.

23. Synchronization is achieved by including a known portion of the PN code, called the
pilot signal, in the transmitted signal.

24. Short PN used for spreading the data or voice signals and less chip rate responsible
for distinguishing between different users in the same frequency band.

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25. Long PN codes are typically used for system synchronization and control purposes
and they provide a unique code for each base station or cell in the CDMA system,

26. WCDMA is a specific 3G cellular standard that is part of the Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System (UMTS) family.

27. CDMA is used for narrowband for transmission WCDMA Where as WCDMA is used
wider frequency band, and Supports higher data rates.

28. CDMA typically uses binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) or quadrature phase-shift keying
(QPSK) modulation for data transmission Where as WCDMA uses QPSK and
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), to achieve higher data rates.

29. WCDMA, which stands for Wideband Code Division Multiple Access

30. IMPORTANT FEATURES IN WCDMA : - It is Wideband transmission , Spreading

codes are orthogonal to each other, spreading process helps distinguish between
different users and allows multiple users to transmit simultaneously ,The chip rate is
High .

31. In WCDMA forward link means (from the base station to the mobile device) and
reverse link means (from the mobile device to the base station).

32. WCDMA supports soft handover ( make before break technology )

33. WCDMA formed the basis for HSPA (High-Speed Packet Access), which significantly
improved data speeds within 3G networks.

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34.

35. Source coding :- Its primary purpose is to reduce the amount of data that needs to be
transmitted while preserving the essential information. It uses the technique
Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR)

36. Channel coding: In WCDMA, channel coding is applied to both the control channels
and the user data channels

37. The spreading process is a fundamental technique used to transmit data over the air
interface

38. WCDMA Codes Spreading codes, scrambling codes, channelization codes.

39. Spreading Codes :-Walsh codes are used to spread the user's data signal over a wide
frequency band. They are orthogonal codes There are 64 different Walsh codes
available in WCDMA, which are used to differentiate between different users in the
same cell.

40. Walsh codes are defined using a Hadamard matrix of order N

41. Scrambling codes Used to differentiate cells within a WCDMA network. Each cell
has a unique scrambling code.

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42. Pilot Channel Codes: Pilot channels are used for cell search and synchronization by
mobile devices. They use a dedicated pilot channel code. They provides timing and
frequency synchronization information to the mobile device.

43. Dedicated Channels in WCDMA are used for carrying user-specific information, such
as voice or data. Each dedicated channel has its own set of spreading codes for user-
specific data

44. Common channels are used for broadcasting system information and control
information to all mobile devices within a cell. They use common spreading codes that
are shared among all users.

45. Channelization Codes are used to separate different channels within the WCDMA
system and also they help in multiplexing and demultiplexing different channels on
the same frequency

46. PSC:- The Primary Scrambling Code is a global identifier for a specific WCDMA cell
within a network. It is used by mobile devices to identify and lock onto a specific cell
during initial cell selection and handover.

47. SSC :- The Secondary Scrambling Code is used to differentiate between different
sectors within the same cell. It helps in further reducing interference and improving the
efficiency of the WCDMA system.

48. Spreading Codes (Walsh Codes) represented as sequences of ±1.

49. Scrambling Codes: Scrambling codes are longer sequences used to differentiate
between cells within a WCDMA network.
Each cell has a unique scrambling code.
Example:
Cell 1 Scrambling Code: [+1, -1, +1, +1, -1, -1, -1, +1, ...]
Cell 2 Scrambling Code: [-1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, ...]
Cell 3 Scrambling Code: [+1, +1, +1, -1, -1, +1, +1, -1, ...]

50. Channelization codes Channelisation codes are orthogonal codes, based on

Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF) technique.
Channelization codes are used to separate different channels within the WCDMA
system. They are often represented as sequences of 0s and 1s.
Channelization Code for Dedicated Channel 1: [0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, ...]
Channelization Code for Dedicated Channel 2: [1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, ...]
Channelization Code for Common Channel: [1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, ...]

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