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    EASY UNDERSTANDING OF BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING FOR ALL

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    EASY UNDERSTANDING OF BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING FOR ALL

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    EASY UNDERSTANDING OF BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING FOR ALL

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    153 views121 pages

    Easy Understanding of Basic Electrical and Electronic Engineering For All

    Uploaded by

    k ramesh
    EASY UNDERSTANDING OF BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING FOR ALL

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 121
    1. Efectiical cixcuits @ = 1 Jan ary corducting material the flow of electrons ic current: defined as carvent: (ode aco tt a ents 1S arop here's Potential [ Potenfol dliffeven ce? the ability of a charged tedy fe ao wore i allraclG ov nepelling charger 1° Caitledd electrical pote nti! TE ic erPressed in volts Ve 4 (@= charge) Ohro's fas0: spe woltage ‘v’ be teeeny tao terminal! of a curser cavyfing conductor direc tly Propor ti oral o | cree E Floewtng ifvoegh fe The proportionality constant & w . = xc the resis Lance the Conductd¥ + SO according Ue ohms law» ve Tk (erat comet teme] oe work: phen a force ‘pic applied OD a body coxtting it te ee “a, then fhe wlork done WS werd nits - Joules (01) Nimo electyical Powe: xt in a circa coarrentt * Flowing, i applied» Inen the Power'P in watts phen a voltage Vv’ ic exPrened At pov p- GR pe oe = ve P ee units - Walls is caPactty for doing wlevk - Power x time = (vt) t yet v} et Cnetyy. Energy electrical eneyqd Batic civceeit elements: 4) ,, : . Y Cecietor (2), Tndctetor (1), GPacitor CC) 4 tpese ave Basic Cited elements Resictos (8): € v VemeR P=vt pike yy ie t - 7 v~ energy, ¢ - [Pat = Laat ret ~ @F 3 Inductor (Ld onits — HenT4 CH) L <) Tnductot Stores energy iD magnetic field ard it oPPoses the Culckden change in Cervsent VL Ls p- Vi = ust dt t t voy t e-lfeae = fordt = [grat = |edi = yim o a ° Cavacitor C OL units - Farad t t L e~ Jrdt = [vc ay at = atv dQ - dv i P= Vie = VC at Covacitors Stores energy 1” electric field and ih opposes sud e0 change in voltage: classification of (nergy seuerces voltage Cources 7» Eney gy goer ced cervrent Coures seed q independent Deve nent courmes CoUuUvces Ipdependeot Source’ which does nok depend 69 ane in the Civceil The Source 1 olfer quantity lite voltage mae i Dependent Sources: The Source pohteke Goes nol) octput value aupepate “upon the voltage and carenk ar come other Pavl of the circuit 4 fied into ed vo tlaye Lo and cervvent four Pes * “hese aye datti uvece (CC VS) ) current controll 2 Cursenl Cont Hed current (our (e (cces) 3) voltage Control led voltaq® Const é (vevs) , woltage contrlled Cavvenl — Sour ee (veces) losleor® q Zin an Th. E cree | 7 | Vour 7 YT XVIC emit cd Y < volt amPere V6 called Tramc@esi clawnce | cons: &) cee | | | « 1 ‘ v A [ | Dein Yor Ly Loat + hTin ‘ex! ic calld ttarent Tranter Ratio BY VONS ~ a Wm vec’: vo > . 7 . T ze —+—# y Xa | © Joust Vin DP ave Me _s LL _t. L oF Veat = LH Vin Tog = 940 - i ed tyang Conder fore Et ie Catted voltage q is call tvol omits — ano = aenPere 1VC : | franttey ratio kixchof's lawo's: te aychbhott's current taco ©Y Kivchoft's 1 law ©P kirefofl’s oo 7 tion lac: % Algebraic sum of branch oe eno 4 anch cusrents at node i¢ gevo at all inctant of times ow Al ang node of junc fion in @ network the cure of curves the feann of cervvents Noewing into the node i equal to flowing outede of — the node ' using KCL aye Tp eta te 5 =o \ : Trt Jo pty Tatio 8 a, au, Qs Bry Br4 “3 = ot + . [ertas+@s: aut as| < law of conseyv ation of elegh ical charge i alco called cur of chasges entering leadmg cul into the pede = ou} sto colve the folloewing Preblenn —cesing kek: c \ ; : a col arrlying xe at B 1 / Sind he Jat Ter V1 ie Ts 47045 2 7 16° a-Is -O i zu! “ppl ang KCL atc iy \ t,4 152 la i _ vy, _— Ta = T, - -®@ a ua 7 : applying Kel at A @-{% = ~3a | t+ Iq 2 12 @=) [F250] Z2 aw] goltage Lavo law (o») rancho 'c oa law | tow Kenthotl’e leoPlas 2 Kivchofls vol a “Algebraic sm of all the branth voltages around arty Clowd toe 19 the nekork Fe zev0 al all inctants of time fo. : jo 1 7 2, Ton pendence, 2 = Rix oo ht v(2) a | current ftps from 6 R | \ a oo - 7 Ore -) {> + = Rice (H Ve is Source vottage 5 ¥,:¥20¥a Ot yore fe § |_| ¢ & | £5 = ‘ata rR par rer | energy seaprli ed by the voltcge Gouree In the Ciscail = energy the Pasive Corrfonents in. the Civcentl Contarret boy law of Conservation of energy K “ve ic Called active elements: Thes¢ ae “ee in the Cov cetil £4" voltage § ceveret gout ener. rossive elements: these ave ‘the elerre nls wrere "GY Ce = ption takes place tq Resitoy tod cto” taparct tr gv for tre crecet thy, | Kolve the following problem | Me Revit i felow - an caret sale ADP! gIOg KVL ¢ ay +5 —5T -10F -2-15I =0 3 -30T =0 > HOt Xs a) ose KVL KcL to calcetale the branch Convent in the Civcedt Shown beloo gl- APP wve © the lor BCA a = (a5 bytes ae | 7 } _ pages — BA AE tT SIz 2 gtyt8ti-6 = . Byryt¥La = & -® ob apply Kye to the loo? ACHA re “HGtP1 +4T1 20 \ ay-8t1-0-@ iP Z oe sd OL@ A 1) | uf 4 (Det =) 2! y+ 5612 = 42 5 oo 5 mo) We ja. (Dx =) afly-IsT2 =0 => ™ 5S as = 1 6 qi}o- 42 T= Sea [> ~ tk ana 1, = 43 = — es t} T,=_30 9 T= Tyo = ats We eee Sy =Tsn= 301910 2 (oo ea Gaaeae 12 29-30 2 3 i ) * network with 3 meths hos ben chao da pl ch Cuvrent acd determine th Gal f ae me. slue of tinknown an the vol tage 4o¥ wihich meth Cevrerk x, will be zero Sol Apely mesh equation to Seth +a beT-§ (Ir Ls) -3(Ti-Ta)-ve0 na WS 1,) 2g 4 DRY eT) GT 1 gbr-3T0 Ty v=o Te C7 f ee, ga, gb -as—my-O be | 32h APP ly meh gquation to aM meth: | tL @) ee ee oS = : : | J oft -g(i2 BO“ -6G2-14) =o L____ [7 Ne “ahegh hI, —612 F643 =O oz, —t Ty +BI3=° -@ Arey mah euattsn te 3 meth + oy 6 lee ¢(Is-Ts) ~ a3 = © Ve BE 34 3D1— It bP 223-0 ar, t 622-93 = -v=0 -@ cajueations 6,@2® on be written at matyix frm oy -8 SIT Tf ey q -4% 3 Ti|~| © en L323 “~v a € =< a oc) Ai=6 (+01 =o] \ ' = wpting crane? S ed yy “oo At o ) Be - 1GVe ~ 205% 6 x11 &) BAVA = $BVe_— 454 ro a _ +t an : t 452Ve ~ 154420 : \ Ve 3 oil Hts 2 [Me : 3-531 | [ve = 7-019] \ cayvenl WW yo Recictoy Ty = a g T5 < Tot | [fo oA Safer Posiion (heovem: In a linea melwlork Conled ning @ | More than OMe Couree age cerrvent [oe in oy branch i Ife ol alg shad wold have been ee yebiaic cam do by each A Currents Sac: PE tefarately, with lf Che Other Kourcee vei hy they aces Pec tiut interml yecistancec “relate nol | eae tearce sare We thoit Ceveaited acd Corneot cocwees ave fe fe oven CerCeet Led tho Cares ) Find Fao in te Civeeett SHOUD below eeting position theorem 7 _AN > caren division Rule i= aft ae e3 t Vv al es ee ark Tis Rae” acting eV COC? aline 6a oh : : solr Case ts when Q eg? bt (6"6) : . xo 3 . ty't 6 aoe a 2 2 gt i OD oe ee a> Rar 1 rep? oF BO top = fh 2 +4 op 42, ie Ki acti 4 av cose? when BE we - y * ' 6t(Go | cero) : Rey © ¢ + 364 290 cl Iv a = ¥ (2 ee oi Le pe 1 aA : : : 2 Super Position then rem ef : a | ea itt » Ceecvent Tlocoing thro«gh hi AN 4 an = Lhp + Pap 4 a 5 ! ‘in D Determine cervent throagh 9% Resiclor fern the wet or ition theorem: Shown — bela, cating duper Pou we ie z ! Sol Case! f ce Lthin 2ev = atone aE I 2h the ' = 20 = 2A 24d CoSeQ- yhen 2A Souvee alone « acting. a oh at elle 9 2 Nite te lareieca (aah) =. ~-axt % On 5 fh f ove al a yes log 7S position theovem, Cervtent throuyh yn Tyan t'(b)e 3"(9 > 3-0-4 = UGA By Super & hice vided ba ajuivalert ret niert : ‘ Louxee Vth” weve, NF Kth when the Cand bedevecttora f cennaclre we fees catted oren 1) Find the Covent Fioeainy torergh the Fee" te 1 | 1 ! ee Now, me have tm find open cuceit voltage blo = Non bet OF cory rode arcs al node tt phy i : tek 1,57, 473 ave \eavivy cunenty at aalet arly kel at node t: Tt i,t =o ag retistenee Re using tf Fpeveni’s theorems wre Q Hb 2 ond Qa ue : —* the ofr 4Q Vin : VaR 2) 50 ; — Ta -— avn 7 16 4 Vth” ay =O ype [RO © yh WO vin BON | Rp, Oren Cintatt the Currey be found by yenoving 0 chert carceit the voltage sounte To find Ry: ¥ hn Con Courees , 7 7 —_ % ed , we hat td x fom the terminale uber PL % wemoved » th Ry = (4 Mia) tid = BR é | j : bala he ‘ = Sy Ch = Fh Ryu d ane Nod, Connect initially ssenoved loci ~ | Qewtstoy @.)- Gs i ) Ze, uthen Py = Meo | E08 ao: | ee — = aa] FIBA! den RU = 16 30... 30 1.58 ute a0 fet 5A we Novton's Theovern: “a linear and bidirectional two lerminal networ& can hé wePlared PY ™ eqerwalent Cérccit Consisting of a cet hy can in Terallel with a Resistor Cy i= epurice miner TN TC the Ghost Criccal Coavent though the 4erepinad! Rar i equivalent Residence al the feyminall parker the independent Sources are turned off trerav dt ae th . : (13) agnice our . \. a u ntformalion Technique a yesiclence 2 Can Source Transform qctical ) : A, voltage Cac cevier With be * eelaced 4 S fan egUvAl Ct practical carvent source . T= - wn Raval with the Sam exiclance ) pind tre Oe: flowing throwh oo bein ig ST nv Aheorem . Gly 10 fied In > ! iS! we fave to chovt fee e es A : : 5h PesictOr- | | 4a L | Cee A Aerea pie cs | 1 | r L © Le c re tt | = ae Cdl | peaeega — \ v So; 3 i \ 62 { ee 2 oe i | \ J | — _! | ae —— el U i 1+ 207 : Yon Ty to find byes Ont 6 find Rn we “ane as 7 oS done in theven'y theorem the Sf Retictdt, On Wie Curient source: concer ard lon king From 52 Peciey aks whch HOPTETE OL 5 seve, ceemou! tort tte voltege Find the equivalent Perict \ tamnals an Cie a wa P Ss 8 Ayo S ! i ) on aa ce us ye Ry = ot 5= 6 GRE = 3h ote 7 Current through 5 Rese 1 using current division Rule , sb Tan (O® Gas Dae fund ores amestals * “BE RS dpoles —> 1eycle iyotes 3 acycles Np —e NP cycles i A c Lappoce the Coll ts : MOVING with velocity of Ni wore ‘ Q iC converted inty yevolution UY ad cs | NE coclec | cec (a nO cof cage fet fer . { induced, Ct) SS Bur feyuency » ; ic defined of tare feruency of go, in tiv Second - 2d In Figure | the Peak of the wave form © called monimum values denoted at Now riege Toind Time eq uited to ComPlefe one cyle % Called HN ene Frequeny” Ho. oF % ems (Loot = ae oh pp Soon DC im cla Pex gorond is cotted Frequency mean fqprare) = — = Jovy = “AT — ams volue to averoge salu pov Foam, foctoy: at is a vatio of its value etl ¢ he volio of reatimur yolue to Pras ge “Sire “wlak reat facts actor: gts hunk “e a sine wave. 7 Vase and Phase difference | : | too Sire waves ane sod to be in Thay f both start of 4, Came Bint and — teyminale al the ore pant a } vii \ SV) y, 2 ee -s = there exists & trace x Tf feo Waves are cot in Phase, then ante betieen the too wae-forme ri > Vv > i > Er In the above figure T 4 aye g pares ghrvent lags He wotlege ns Oy Here, Ty is lagging vi by an angle 6 Mts leading 2; by an angle g > Tn an inductive circuit, current lage the vollege 3 Tn @ Cafacitne Coteity Garrent leade the voltage > Tha Pure Resictive Crrcuit, Curent and voltage ove in Those Teor g are Component) Le } Tsing T (Reactive i ComPonent)| } _s Actwe ard Reactive ComPonent of cuvent £5 pctive component: Tt 19 Phased in the appliccl vollange y’ peas — en boy 70s g. This 8 alto called watt ful —CornPonent Reackive CoPonent. Tt 1 the Corn with Vv" reTsing - Zt is allo Collet of adeal Comfocent ° shee one 3tgpee of Pure in an Ac tystem: They aye ) APPawent Pocoey a) Active or Tue Powe ¥ 3) Reactive Power ponent wlhich ig 0 geratarva [ave wattlers Comporent wv v . e 1) wPPavent Rosey: “the Proctuct of PMs wnlue of palee of curven? Y ard vollage is called —-APParent Poth. Ht K6 Lnottd/s { and 0 -_ Ww gee Te 9 ' ~ tt x meacured in voltammniere cot) KN arof I a) Active oF hue Pout: xt i the Prodleeet /of abfarent nuh add Powe factor “corp” eT | pz vic p 1° wall¢ cor) Kw | TE ig mmeacurel 3) fcadtive Powt™: qhe Product of apparenE Power YE ard Gre of the angle 2 petocen y and T ig / called yeactive Poe? i Qe visin B / Trig cis ore Power factor’ Cosi. ie) cae wae wd k-vaR/ of ‘the angle betocen wattage VU ond oy carcene” + ! impedence & cope £ 1%) yy tio of active \Podae ¥ to afparene Powe? : (| voces cos § 2 ca ve Quality actor Recaprocat of Power factor is called Duality factor a ik giver by Qe me oe ge. whe tix Max EneTTY, coved Q= Corp ae | “EE energy clesig 193 TenPedence triangle: Power wiangle 5 J 5k @(K-vAR) z x D e plew) plhee @ 1s Resislance __ : ge (pe a” x & Reacta nce z 6 Tmpedeoce Power factor » copes Be [xhyee k | Cope : ) ) Gleilate errs value, average Value and lorem factor SE : of hall aectified Quart choton in-fiq. below Uo [tege b in gee | = {Ula ‘) 6 the average value, Rms value a f and -form lac acto of the cawtooth Current wlave chore i | cho in fig: below Sel From Hy ob 6 ay Gere” y= met a craig ht line Yawing throvgh origins C gio» Lo 4m ig sloPe agere Th oy becomes az = nit) oe a 122 nore ea [ (%, 4) (6 10) pa D calculate ROIS, average and fovenfactots of Cine Wau yay Ve Wn Sin® (2 ig gel 64 feo ane Wave einen Vamg = Jz Vv site d® o etttteeeroseeetuatae 2 v = \an Yuet de eo et Tey cos ae ddl coe ue hav to Congiderins yo tind average value, We ae Calcertate oy i cro 4 one-half equle aaa (a Neog = aE [Vensind 48 W = a \vensine de 7 le (—Vmtv Jo mae Fe (Meo — ro) Ce ae Me ec)? a : N vey TE = aE the form Sactor of @ tine Wlau - ae MEO x > aE eb _ “Analysis of Ging \ Pace ACivcU Le Concicling Qc, REC carbinaen ( cevies travel) { of R, b,c, el, ac thot gh \o ave Regist ® tel as nee a volte}e courte VIL = Vyaginebdt 16 anplied ty a Pure grictoy (2) as Shown helow 3 i vu) = Vp Gnust The Cuvyent lowing ‘Throegh the Resistor Qc given by 1 itty = wtp vt vi) 5 vencindt > c R at = - (2) ginud b eee iW) ol xp| prt -~ , the oo lta © and Curvent wn a Pure Resistor ave in | [7 we, Phase angle petacen them (¢ Bevo = g=0 %S0, Power factor of a Resistor cad = wso=! ac frog h Puxe FOSS if nut yup 2 Veni? a c nguctot wea “at not volvo oon ae vit) = Nas ati ' x, 2 wh atl L xe iS colted inductive Recté Curren! fogs an Pure ind ucBby , > v0 40° | . j . / (te Aris Case, Powe tector ang'e, bs we = } we % Pooer factor of 2 pe vies Peaclonce mee 9} tnductor has O ye Consumed by o ! i ae yeoctance of id tes frough Fe Pure Cadacitor = od ni wis pect ot ae au ac BL (yp sin O 1 CN yo cotu : Neo iat ort 8) (yao) it xe phere » rte (Bo ao WOsg= wsa0 =O Pure Frduuclos , P is ' Wee Jol Ne girs wt eas = Ton SinlWtt98 ) ce al 3s @Paciliie Reclance »v Caiorrt rn ok avarnor ryrrent Vad tv aryl ge wh cosf (oS90= Sp, cin a Pure * Proey facdot Power facto» 0 contamned { pur Capon Dy iS Poon pewirosh 57 Phase ditlerene potaeen soltege j gg dy CaPATtiVe ne eet ik) —> w) x gout ce yun WS aprlied tp @ Ser a or! Ac voltage * -fion as © in tre above circuit a= Rt IRL Vinaser degra eq ae ge sed cop = £ (Ag) We a = \ 5 an AC ec seesrat oh ae we tte Top. atrors Resistor and Ye be the crows fapacitey uf {et wlkege ; er Va at Up = xe Oe te a Gries a 6= N Oe be wor! 09) Coupe £ (jeodirg ) PLC Cixcudl - ae aval us An AC yoltage V= PLC arvcuste ot Shown Ne a Oo he low yacinnt () is appli Men | f— Theve 8 a Grtulatrs Current pahich ce in a @ os ee yeareetively AN, P volloge dwt Ve 2 4 aitage diet ve. Yes Ve 1 \ é , &vl J a Vo Vatvet Ve Sis chs 4550) * 7 (dsc) 2 es 0% -*O) Acsame VVC pha sey diagvam = ery L se JQc- ao?” g - row (Bu-8r) cosp= ft) il " «Areaby© foo e( RL Citait piken oF pr voltage VIL) © Vang nul CV Catylitd typ a to duh o Curt reveuirt Ob Shower blow thy tovaltel FE into Jo Ghree-gh Pr sists 0 ond i thi ch US divided induc tty L of ' | = ; { ao S| os : 4 wy Usiey tel as Jett src cepere® < tangle Re y= (Bre geras'a) 4 CoB 7 Oo) or wy Mux ‘riangle g-{@p+p* gv = tan’ ( =) Cosg = Elleg) aC acalysis of tral OC civcuit fin Ac voltage vit) = Vn sine (V) i arlied to o Paral e Ce Cxceaat whith yesuity in @ cunrent T s divided Into TR \nvough & and Tc through Capaciter © at Chow jpctor> ob pricey @ Cunne ue Cos¢ = {32 ) thead ) ddmibtence rian: ye Yatra ge res! ( ¥) Cops Fe Chad) 5= ac+p” 7 Qc = TH! (Be cope & Me) fe onayst of ae | am AC woltage win V canwat ) applied te ce Pavallel QLc civCut gs Seow? below vent r uhich 6 divided mlo Lormbination @ axive a Cu an volta? goure : Je, tr & Ie throug Le Pavail tel Aivlying kel yee oe tya tc Gri (Be- Br) de Curved triangle Aer a ¢ - tot (#574 $ Gc vw tocp > 28 Clead') 7e Xx Gq Aiden ant (J vriangle i a {e640 Bc-81) Creek gp = tan 7 5 5) eo ge 4 (lead ) Pouey Triangle: s- Tacacke 6 Tor! ( a8) 5 (@c-8v) £ (leon) a P ag = lass Probl 1) fin Aernatirg gottege of Rms value rou, sotte 1s aPPlied aco a reli Seance of tof an inductarte © ul serenatey team and a cafociter of roo ME « Ccdlerdocle The curren ' flow in egth Cate alto daw the phaser diag ars ot Slr Guen ve (ov ee i Ve-100v" | : fe oe | Rilolr T> 2100 r= 199 a 10 toe moth. ¢ C¥te Vy sradut lane Lb - aad Roar {ene ry Ul ons | ay gf 56 YOO KIT ie 2 3h un | ) Curvvent trreeyh tnductdy I a Ke aha a AVA (aracifane, C= TOOH = ipo nto tr Ce Xe ee ee = aeaclanes, Ke= vl aah 4 bow anasbyiooxt ® ena | 2) The Fonallel Cevcuil ato a Sn le Phare whe bianthed current aye tia Currin © 3) i cup ly Posy faclet Peactie Poort eapntied bY the Corte uy We active a bela is Connect< 4 gheeon iD fig AC cuprly « calestat® toov. 50ur a ~ ie Sa too, S12 ay\s Bien hy qrdg = 1d up” go> O SPs lo EW met = pool yoru A beat [rp Lae Ve = tpt _ oun’ To = 2 Tobe uf Yapttel Carvent ot tay ; pe woeto ¢ 10 Ue af Pyrdxa)t (Pr # M2) \ s (Ft) » (rt 1: 14 wet A my pole us WL A ge : ° -07 Power factdoy> cos g * cood oe vi coup (te use (0-4) WV active Power -f too p =ipow! va feattiv' Powe? ,Q= VI ano = ox tyeysx Jrwy D F c 1YCuo ov tke Civeeal Sheer below, tlculate tte totel ture dyaw gos F70r0 the Supply. Also Caleutate “Ie Pour® and pocoxr Fait of the ChiCail Aly dia We Fraser diagyom x\ ot sul a f 7. 50 tom | _giov, 5wE ; s ° ee Teta e aL eayprivso 615080 ding . : at GNIS HE sett oe tith p10 XL gor jan r® 5x Palle Ac pao . pasbbra ee an GE ° . : yp. Bp0l8z,+ = st eawn 12 50 PCY qotel cuvvenr Z > ttt 17 yageat 4 a6 1 C5 > quar E534 » 2 Q30KF HUN CUGS yap Ga por aul cog : coc gar. Ob (109) i Tana p poy Sactoy + aioe? \oe Resonance Reynante is Ver ‘ 4 uefa Partical arly = > ne dudy el Communi Calions Ihe AeA of arglicalen: Whe ability of a &adio reciever Ao telect o rae . tN Frequent transmitted by o Stefion ard te eliminate Frequent es Fiore other etetions i$ based. on the princi le of pegonane L c it UD = Wen int occurs when bea the above genier ALC civcuat Re conan Ce arn pectenl® ic zero FS Trnaginary Port of jo we gr 3%) yin ¥O 7 0 ~L= Xe wL™ osc ule Le wre hich called fetorant Frequency w= te = aT ae “En SNES oe eeSunc 2 ‘ cunce eee _ | irapederce of a Cevies Ketomance CtrCait 2 _ 2~ RIS Xe) ‘ 7 VFO ; - Ri(WL- Ze) 121 = Testa ¥e Vn From lke abo VE diagram , at : al Zea iotinitely _ Frequency, Xe ard 2 are the Frequencey IN-RaSeh AL veconant frequen ty ff) XL=x¥¢ and 2 hemes R Fropedence and Cunvenl, Curves of series Redonak_Cinuit aa, eS Se aI sg 2 | | ie > saat a + the variation of impedance and 4o ghown in the above diagram ee minimum an Cevrent with Frequency At Lesonance, IraPedanté dence Curve fo marimum Band width: of a Serie RLC Cixcuit Band wid th eathe band width of any fatter ie We ange of Freqquencits for Which = The Curvent i eval to Fo-71. of it value al the getonant frequency wo it is denoted by Bw In tht about diogvam 4, % V6 t ‘alled lorwea ¢ and % 4s called ede be ea CUlDhl t We zandwid thy gue fof d oa pn > for a tenet LLC CivCedt band Width Can be de | in fy devived a Gwe ar Quality recto (Q): aie the vaio of ind cactive xeatlance {Dd Posi clance - we, OQ: poe py ere ~ po Oe The relation betoeen Quality factor (A) reUNane’ Fretutr oL) and 6208 paid He (AUDI iver by . TeyPhase SySEO™ ee scans by Same mathine increases by Hel From Single Mat ag So, we qreelly agort 3G sy sterrs in all occasions Advan lege VYthe Poo w a Single phate Catait 's pulsating bet a Bree [hae citer, The yétuttant Powe! w Conttant at euew ancant of time i-¢ 3-9 Vee! = Ven tin edt tt) = YensinBt : : yy! = Yen cinldt -- tac) Ao, Fy a N02) aby 4 2 1 hantmit a given amocot el Perse - 1 lord a 3. g fon, Covcedt sequin les Conelece tor ratyial than a Ig é ty 3A 3-¢ ggavialer Prodeces move oelfut than a} be 1b motors ane nol sel Started there as 3g mily ave self Clavted Genexation of 3-g voltages: u relic Fler ie relative motion beloeen yr INGA induced in The Conduct induced In the 3-9 System whenever there and Corductdys emt iv epanrer , voltages ave ginrilax figures as Choon in about p(neutreel oe 3 *, peLTA Cone CTION —_— B& Celahient woltage Curie ond power, m Say Connected cyclers polbage »CUYERN Sm Stay CONES 2 pe~ / an the above Clay connected! Cyt lem, eu > V yay Yan ore phate voltages and Vey: var, YVR re linc vollages Novo tet us fird the relation beloten Line vollay<¢ ard heave vol l4§e yas Vy Vey Vv Var aa) Line voltages Vey = = Ven tt NY Vey > Yen” YN Vey > Ye * es (sya a (ven) ¢ Vyn) Coser WET vee Wy, en > Vane Van = Yeh and Vey= Ye * ge > NE 2 ve efor we en) sea a Vt let Vint Upp = 3 Veh von 004 tine Tn a Sian (onnerted System Ver voltage eats tH seapective, phase vo loge by 3° ation’ yan ted, Line cayrent FL = Teh vTLe meaty =Tg = current Relatil In a Stet connec Powe Relations . Foe, P= Bvt = a(eyE4 Corp PvIE Cr g wal 7 = sentencing vot 2 BU sb 3) active tee cag ott Any mom Q = wy Reale ew 7 Ph : gave volt AeoPere Hy ANMavEAL Towers, & | voltage ¢ rvzent and teny L Hr ; : : veltege gelatin! ‘ Dr ar te dle, CONTE ted ly, gy , : the that ttage uF equal vit Ar ¢ 3 § » to line ve [te gel / % { OT : 6 a ‘ Cay zent Relation¢ Ht Ti~ TR 4 in the about TT. TL, ave tiné currents anily cine hell's current face a P tek Te ga the about diagram te. Te. tv ae Mass hegre caveats - Tidats aie line Carvents < <8 * 6) 198 dette connected ea / tine ceanvent? FL> Bier, Aad the - line current teas the pret? carrie y ee ny a0 Powe wolation’ ,P5 gv ie Coo ey $ coos : vite woh$ Wy Reactive Pork y f= 3Ner Teh sing AsV Ft sin p aNpntPh y Active por! x ANMENT Pout, o> = Bi VIL eICAL MACHINES (uo) —> There are 5 RrvareagnetiC mi ELEC! Tynes of mnaegnetic roet terial ¢ Ic. ‘thes ave three byes of racegne lec rnlevia 1) Rava neg nctic 2 DianagneC 3) Fevdo magnetiC ajeriales 7 » Jeriale: Tavarmague lic cuthytlente aie thoge whith ate allracted by magne and when Placed Ine roagne tic Field move From Weaker to Strong parts of the Reld tx Aluminium» mroren ties: wf £ Parvamag relic carevial | 16 SA of a0 dlecbororgnet pe oeen tre lanes nana nes i platinam ett: Pended ir iE cete 1S! Farert lel to Pavamagne liC aecterial © FE Placed in &@ ford lo acceunmla © when a bay of hee poles tines of watch qfats yc ting i accumulate 2. magnet field s Ad \ of to ascend between in th mid dle « te altowed KK alony the ag wher & Dnvamagne Ht qo Precharge! te Pole pieces of a the ticle : ave those which divec tio 6 piamagnel( catprlance’ ¢ when pared NO mmayynei® to Wealees of fhe it epread 2) Diamagneh’© materia awe sepelte d by magne " from the aw Pay l yorned ) Cooper, wal jalce hol field move Held to, BISCAU “hydrogen @ ‘ iG phoshhover® Antienony > | ape plot of lon ic ptolled en the MB votes tes N when a diamag : : ONE magnet Colaclecnee s Placed Ina magne lie re iL cele ite al vignt angle lo the cliyeettor “| \h Hi ‘ om OA the My | of farce Poles Qewthen ck i a Aramagnctic meleril 76 Placed wlithin a magnet ; ; ’ ne fie ictd the linet of Poles ftnd lo ep aveay from the Maly a fh dinwoagcetic. und 8 Dalubke placed ina tragneti field Shows AS depression ue tnthen a didupragn elt 9a8 i allowed to abcend bettecer the Pale Pieces of aw ele rrornagyne Aictd Te CPreadg ACTON the tated? Fersveeeagne tic Carbortaances anit thor d by the reagne (6 and Can algo be 3) Feyvomagnetic dub hich arc attvacte mogne Zed (aT, Mictel, Cobalt and they alloy¢- | Profeaties: ; = |b The FevrorragnetiC tabstence¢ Shoto the Proparkes of Dany Cubsfantet to a much ayrecter dlequee ae Permeadiltty we a very large alue and the cueteptabily ie alto a Positive Valus 4) the datensily of meanetitation 4 se prepotfional fe (hs eoagneti si} eld JH for a imal value: 1 AS By Curve. when neq eer tical arnig and: the hoyiteatal ami’ the falled fo C8 Be Curve epee sis FS Koo My NV Har dene 4 it plottsd PP coc ne AGN held, : ule ontain & Plot as chon below udhich ie f do Poste Calaralten Catuv ation “2 Covveston 4 to megative cag’ ig catled positive Coexcive ctve ngthe Bees are calted neq“ Coercive atyeng to cyea as catted positt’ yetidual ehrength wer tS tatled neqatty’ ect dual chve ng be B, of erage tic materia) vaiill (Cras en in of an applied rag netic * at tle ong. ia Prune it yeaches mourn x oo longet a SO Ce all : eae vaso’ to increase at Point “b This the of gost cgraralio™ yaben is decreased towards ov wie will Find Thet We enalerial find & its my ecid ual roagnelt ¢ strength Lahitr vc called aque i sin te = diogre” ean tercert ~ ac. shows pocrtiug ~welertivit a . y ood y-sntercenl af chow’ negative wetentivily coer civity et OI \ . at Sep cor oe: vequved to make & at Fro go the diogya™ ye intercert Sag? erresents posite coevcruity goer civity oe and od opreseors oagative ov - -» dC Generalor 1 fenctructional Details ral pC. Generator : i S arena lure core (aout . ane ee natte to - | cémenctta ley pde Core « ij ond mfethoe Gade { (yoke: His th outer rays glindrical frame. TH is made wl of cast-fron Armature windirg na pre narturt indy s are made pf wopper Thee windings we intalated from each other 4 varnish ard Placed gn the rene ye sole The ends of windings ace Connected tp He tora mertasloY seqene The ere OCU’ winding we of feo tyes: 9 Lap Winding: mwurreioe of Pavattel Pathe ave Oe x of pole! fi) wwe winding: an tN ose Mmba f paratiel Paths ane ‘qual to 2 6) Coramuttales: ee nose ioPovtant Tov! of a DC mat hine tt! cytiranical tn Share ard rtde of coprer-= ae uct Pher- He Connects ye Ww ctoyS to Ube Mali oveoy exlevral sotating arroalu oe ty th, 7 caycuit toush brushes Converts alleynating current —— duvyent pave Conducts into pridrvectiona! D¢ a indutal tn the om D Beeches thece One rob of (ni boy the rain tanetor ad " truck Wo to Comnect Carvent fore, (he cornernila tor ard. 7 heat te the «etternal 4oad Gytuit" ls [ s ‘nd Covers” These are usual! made of cast (ron (ov Cast te Wye “ane ok OM Covey ole ence. a) Front end lod Rave end Cover 9) Ratings: tho function of — the Rainy. 16 f veduce tye - ; Th hictien between tts ola toy and mney Pasty of The machine re) thaft. shadt Bo ued & tranfar mechanical Ps corr ro the «@rmatu ye ty) Tooter Pules siuic ave Small Poles fined to the Yoke and gpaced in between the main holes a) conde Cte Y 3) RAoly 3 Te -nece War ele chromagncts > Tre Condactet Armature - motion ble (he 4 mogNnelre fhald thal rotates fn above [wo th Produced by the fied ts allel ieee eee eee eet 2 i LH} ter King pine fle ol Dee. Gicoruatoy @ lo O60 fe - ~ | } { \ oN was) ( ( So) } _ - ee WA [ “Oru - | 4 20) | S285; ue Dy | : . ae principle of DC Generator bared Of Th principle of Production of dynamical ty enduced emt o> pcordirg bo coredary'S First otal eee ae cuts the magnetic Alu, degnanicartly ind enced em} is Produced tn Che Canduster” Thi emf Carrces a cur te {lao in a closed creat ok diveckion of current an be found by uctry Herning ‘iS right hand vale. The tevek conartions Meces Vey to induce voltage M4 conducter Ae ' VY) raagne bc feld 4 arene Conduct ant tonne ct ¢ oh The ent Ob The a, votadek v the arena tue eathy( | Grip ving S ‘ \the brachet With niet ~y The armature 8 A syola tiny ef dots on ths yet (ian ik Pree the yoke ear anraihed to Boni neg: any A ¢ ° , feat Ot 0 ven ayatny ote? periter acriba ted among tha ai Juiced bt elec brorrene wihich con uc lt ux the Conductors are anh athe anele\h ary von tahith ane fiyed to [ enevqy a0 be capplied fo the Orenat, -s the mechanical! wy hy a Primeonover: avmalur vola lec ho eeognetic etd, tf, {lux , hence dynanaicaly ended eps > utheneoey the fonductoys Cat the iS Produced in the “sac armature cvceit if COLE COVCCIL ThE mk Creal in the Grductors (abit Cond uctor- the alternating cave -y Ths alteynetthg curienk iW Collected by the Cemmut ~ 7 ea teat ard it Conoerts alternating Wuyent into direct Cuyyent by vee tifyiny action. © Te brushel collect the Dc tunent and Strd entevnal Load. : Emnt Curation of DC Gene ator! Ler G= Hurl pole 2 =Total No-df Armoture Conductor. Pe no-ot generator poles A =ND-of favellel Pathe in armature N= Aryratuye Speed in Revo butione Per minute, Cae ent Gry Faraltel ‘ 4 ¥ ny Tata Path in armatuye According to Favaday cetond lew ‘* Croft ajeneraated Pey Conduct (mf - de : dt - sauunsnssesseitiisiiiisaiakaimuncenantanaiansiacinsauanaas Tey Conductor in One —» Flux cout dp od (wd) | ey time “taken for ore vevolutim 3. , dt - 60 5 dt > py ME per According to Faraday’ Gecond law, CoodatoY = ag : = Pb - Pon b 60 NI : now, FOT Siendlex: Lap wiindirg * No -ol Pawatlet Paths = A ND. of con duc in each para lle! paths = Fle 4 aenevate &, Eg = gzNnP “ft 7 60lAd For nlave roto dry, No-ef Paraltel paths Aza.” €q = G2nP . @ ZzNP 1° “bots 1d0 H.-Ceo [DY pynciple! PaRKIRle' mots eneiy into mechanical enery noes &S eleetareal a evochine which Co cot | seth . in - when a Cu ed on the princ it? that ; be motor aa jaced’ 92 magne fe Fetd it exdentn tes car ryif condeetoY " plated NO TE an ae yihos aarectton 1S given bx {Aten S a enechanical forte 0 oe | ler hand vel? and mnogni Mt eh 4 | Forte FF BrLcin® : | ure BS petagne tie glue density pacer [0 | Tv i cur ent yo Ame | coil wn mets Lid lengls ° ;, ® Z % \ > : ii > Ss e ~/ Ym a8 @y’ Yy 7 4g lO Fig (0) // Ar i spevente beture >Batitally there if AD nal differente. beturer as Cenevat = The fame oe Machine aka molto Can & wed ar & genie? and ally Considey a Carvvent caviying tord ecto ¥ rated tm renee fetd ag she in Kquve @ Nig canent 16 {towing into the Plaine Current ettakbithes Che mognelit Hur aroeud the Conductor in Clocy-Wlie avectdn. thik Fay Wear the ane and crrenythen O° right de of the Aivame the cheer a (%) ft O% left fide Conducter the Conduct ot Parked om vant ty Left side wilh = pitas shout : , fore cenn Foc once tli Pola’ Condece luvs candy aorthePele ave agiarmed He Plome shown by @ and thos unde oulade the plane Shoat © ako o Kore & | the working Pl nciPl j 5 j Considering & javt 6 fic armatiue ev Caan alto by unde ri tord by 4 DL moleY Chown in igre) 30 into | (avy Carve | cout fete to farrry cartent 10 aorkyin Hlemoingte FeAl hand wile, ty FN el ry ts Shown hy gmail arrows en each (an we found awd © fon dec to | pill Seen HAE tach Cored Gongs omletcton @upenencer [t post fovc€ wihrch iwrelit ge ere Collectively Procure @ cf | yathie ctr amaleare — vorating ee Ne tends to rolal ale [Le armature in anticl Y iclo rte rnie eft hand hatte: rleainy'* IJ nold the left hand Wilh fore fing wee sniddte ding 4 f uate a nbs revpendé Calan bp ecth other TH fove finqure inditale indifatel lac tion of magnetic field, mide le fingure of carved! ard thamb indicate. divection ef conderrt® > Uh the diet divec tion nef the oti which (rants electrical qrang [ova rn NE IONt- riyrait to anole’ avec CM saenvfor ner i tect device inc atectyiral an Frequent an Hegre eee le of, metical induction: eon the Printil of & yancformen= constreac lor ee ae ae ' one ondi aire) pie severe” 7 hee Ei called tvansformation vatie 4 Yo Wiman voltage @ ie j Vs Seconekury vollsg¢ { Vy: (renayy current 14 : Secondny Current f= flue todated t0 the + Cy. een induced i Primary ondary (meitix eet er Curent | (ce- induced eof) Cre tf induced in Sct einduced ert) of natal irdurt:, The Hanshrmer aftrates on the princi le [he abty _ bet a two iductively Cour led Colt as Choon io “fram: The fans former bacitally Consists of far sound 00 A Soft HONDy Glicon Steel Cove wi nding which ar, =the winds oe _ =) which i$ Connected to Guoply is galled Pinar “on ng and (Seton) the Winding to which lord i6 Ene ie calted Seeondary winding t "there 1S mo dectvical Connection between the lee wai nding, bur tere Mrogn cic lintoge tefocen thy tod" ( -s The twd windings axe Intulated from each other and alto br the (ove: 7 _ tl i rn i > tre magnelic core BH built with SliCon cteel lami naller and Povide a Part of low yelurfante for Te nefit fy : a . Ie : > when the Primary winding & Connected to. AC Cuprky the Cavvent Th Flows through Ft - Thic Curent a a attemali ry ftux' Gin the Cove - The flux tinke with Ge produces SeU- tnduced emf CE, in the proses the app rred vl Primary winding Co + Prinary Mircting - Ge Pye duere IL 0 ws The Alun Pager through the rragnetie Core and liek with the Secondary windy alto co 1 duces an emf Cr in Ure Secondary Winding eo | ane Aequency of induced ernt in the Seconda if Gene | as that of Supply voltas » this Ci is abled (®) | civcerlate cuvrent in the external load fonnerted arroty bit Athut, energy if trantferred From Primary windirg lo sh the PrincePle of muta Secondary wtinding Throwg induction Without any change the bransiamer iS a Static machine ,trere a tn Frequency! — AS mo toteti varts in it - 60 Btaltonal lower ave 2 cpence |e See of tvanthoimer i highest of al! " 4" the electrical machines taminated to Beduce eck can reat lowe KPa fOINNet Cove is Syrobol of Trans for me 7 Dere) Kva (Kilo volt fren! " ong te aiwen io x"ransormer 16h send upon valtag® and Confer Lowes because COVE losses : depend fon Cate losses? oss | ran s{or met i) Copper Los ~ Maysere's Los 2) avon Low ~ Eady current lou “wal Coppey loth in a AVANLOYRMY iF ¢ a Nadie TPR IRC Prien y Side TPR,» Secondary St TER) fakes Place th the Winding ¢ of the fake Place im ibe Come owe rant toms Cooder Loises (Jw) eve low The logset that Called cove lores: ‘thes ao 1 anf? O My steverid Cow 2 he lowin wickets Wye uy chev ests dl Bray, Manmitm (tay denvily in yecla i, f frequency in tert « 4 v chet ede Constant i Le eal en metre Cube (ro) 1 = volume of the matenal «9 ™ 7 \\ 4 ape : (B : addy curvent logs We = or ce Nan¢formalion ralio Beraye ATOximum fee densi ty 4 Freqaency in Hevt2 4 = thicenen of laminations Eequlation of thanslorone: The fequlation 7 ine aS the change to Me voltage oe due to application of toad Garised by the internal ieeisar +, Reyu tation = (Secondary terminal voltage on lead (E3)) ~ Gecondary fermiral yoltage on given leai Secondary ‘termninal veltage oP load (ea) €2-Vo. 48 = =— y,l00 a kL Output Power ATnPut Powey ? - | OuLCICoe ico oulPut Por -tTolal lowes Outful Pouxry SS OO outPat Poki+ to; +We ‘h ue = The Condition fos marumum Efficiency in. transformer & syon lo Whi = Lopper lots, We [aie We cliciency ve load Current 16 as chon befdo A‘ Rriamelens ac rian sion ny winding olen apy beaker qeoactene in Tanne dea? ae \ ; net 1k, rie! _ oF & = ¥ 0 (3) Gr . 2, — a ; — || we, fy = 6, +8 Ry = Rak '& a ian aoe i Ov r@kr 2, ll ae = (Bye ee ae be ik para ae a Ty ky y= Be kp I bo = Rr Re ~uthen Primary ec ictente gturtw then il iS Changed to ei eyeal fo EPR, qe, tole! gesictance (0) egecivalent esi clance ie equal fo RO, = 4 Qi je, Bt re, socictarve Ka As tranchorme.d to Pri noary ( RL =Rlk* (rang Fried fo Cecendo yelerved to ondary > when se conclay than tk is Changed to ‘hen equiv Unt secis farce wofersed 10 frinwy g eqaal fe A Rg " fe, ete 1 Rites For= RO, 4jKO, 20, R07 Jxo> A x fa \ ay ve + MP} et INE > Heal hansforme 6 IMlal trancformer is the ane ulhose looces AVC Yee Try elficlerey is toe Want formey mM o- load phaser diagram teat Ty: tot Tet curvent & of a Gypet Tp eTwt Du (Te* Woy ENG Ta 4 occas 6, : 1 & rp | Se a PN Tre Ty+ty wis! = nr =r. =¢ Transformer On load: oe eS 1 | 7 pend|T i T t vel ax,'* Aka quis Be _sryancferrnty & a tonifant Fle denfee and its Cnstent fiequency devils alo * Sunder No-lomd -hansformer draw a curtent Tp — Th ho A comPorenls To, Te Tio iS GUL Hoveng Comfonel whch x utdited te meet Céhteree— Cope losses in the Primary Hive os Tu -i6 Galled og n eficing ComPunent of cuvvént Whi fs cuced to Produce flur in the’ cove eee Who the trancframer © (caded the Primary draux additional Cemotonent — bf : Current J, =ki, whith atted as load Infinile of on ic al LY Primary cureent _y when the tran former 16 loaded re no twortTut hts Primary f cu int -s Bul in all the Gcec Fiur and o Freguenty of an ot! maintained Conitant in a tranGformer / tquivalent coxcuit OF a brenthrnner in which the Complete detailt of a Cavient iyceut | i x thay Component and the vollegel. Winding Parvancetrs< . the Primary and the Cecwndary Hindinge of the trangformet ATE present & Called Guivalent Circuit of 2 bran trans formey pricey Tl x57 —- | TD apprytinnle ‘the above Gateat there SHE the shut 0 branch th the Sor (19 ' or vt e). ! g! vi: L ae , cs 7 ] 1s Wr. W, ry ‘ o }] vig, Poet i [ 1 (ee wp Gl Bae —— i the final aiProxima fe ejeriundent Ceveauek te as oll oas —3t! art RveRey Xt! ty ers vy fe UT | mF % Aub -transformer~ = nbsriener; An auto bantfomer iS a franc former econ d pn a laminated Core & An auld transforerey tc sienilay, to tee ilincding trenctornn bat differ to the ney the Primary and Geondary Winding are inter-velotes eee : Dy with only #one Mindirg opor . plhere Ny ~ Primary kerne (64) Alo - Seconckary Carns (2103) Ty @ Primary Curent D, ~ Sétondary current vy - Parmary volte VW S€condary voltage & foer the Agtve Vy, Nd_ z= AN Vey Volai-Na) = Ae (Mi V2) vy nie wA> NY NA = NiVY, . : ction el WAh ‘ My Nek 3 KIS Galled Frans form Ve be Aas +2. NL fs. sa D Ya NE de et af vie PL ee and teondary tindirg( of a. fale Transtoveney ») ahe Primary} aie tonnectea megneti calls and af ulelf at electn call lhe Povey tyanckevyed trary Primerrey to Secundar mi cfivel Conder th vel. / oa J @ thas and wel as tut APavanl Theey + VT) aolal &! adrreront Powey bantered inductively =vyCb Ty = V,(h- tty) = V>E2(I-k) = wd) Ci-¥) gecotr bansfeved indeictivele = 5 - 7 © FnPat ¥% C-K) bransfere Goductively = InPul- Power Han \besved | poeoer : Inductrwel, eInput — Intel (I- ~ €(2 1p) | | | > Tyfes of Auto trans pomers | trans forrney> 9) Step utP- ~~ An Auto trans forret to Which Ne is | qpealer than Ne # calted a Stepe | puto teens FORT x BH Converts lao pc vollae fo tthe ycvoltege i) cteP-dawn aslo francine’: — in Which Np ic graces than Ne An auto Crans formet meat [rans former i down i¢ called a ster “Ge f Huy = ede pate of ange of Har = AF oAawee. a6 Gm the . vis Shadn in frgere fra ies » tatiouse a from ils 2470 value to maximum value (Pm) In Tha vee : oy Tha = he —T— Avevcsy vale of Change of flur > oe, = ut iz mM So, actwge Ef Per farm = uff (voll af fluc g «varies Sinasonidally then vent valereot induced em is pbtained by rmett iP ying The acct verte With form factos bras Dalers : Form factos = a0g valur of emnt welire fer “ten @ (rx ALE = U- Uy Fpmlv) abt speyefore, ert value pico , irre vatue of induced emf i, the tdhole of Prinem Winging eal bo inducer conf rev bovnn we NO: of? Porgy i 6a Ge ULE TN) Ben) e uedquinl (Box) rind sierilas a cal ent induced IN Lecondr y eo oF selondary turn F induce! emf Rr [aro ea. nee Ne CaOvA : ten equation of OC Generato Y tet p= Yan Dev "pole Teal no arrratur Con desstocs 7 = No-of slots X nloveF Con dudors Pa cto E Pe Noo 9 er ates poles ‘ f = nlo-of Fektel eats in a@rmalv ve Ae aaa * roltatl! rool Seed) in vevolutions KT ménut aaa eee reese ev f- rol Yneecced fay Trsattel fllh in armature emt nd andcloy + ad Aves au tend geoenuted rev € Jlax cut Per Cendieetor 9 Po -veveletion dgzufx lblebevs) Ne taken for ane youdlution 4 dt = 4G se > Aecoy ding to -fevadagk tar of electromagnetic induct ent geerafed ia Conductor gt br. pa Ce a Foy Siler lap wound bree roe Nember ef Pavectle) Putty &ual toP lam ber of Condeectors tn each Nath = Ap therefac, ent frevated foy Palh ER ee Bo oly 40° general form,. ernf generates ina generator 4 cH, V* oe : . 2 there A=P dor simoPler lap Winrg AD nea fr nate tae windi-s, . il — 36-Induchion Motor: ve Gnsinect > Bat Gnsinlal) . ep = ey = omtin Gatti Hg x gant (ot 80) ee $a > Smdoleot + Qy0°) 21-54m) 7 et COE ae Cebcding magnet held o eee Ee rae | > Pinctmes -cpeed id (Re) Rotati iy meg rel hel ¢ mre D ——— . <7 - : : Sef ecatea) 9 Dg . “4 fee “) w iy vot +128 > by ee ayo for Btn 2 [Ewe (BO) 2th) Oh” L - (Em e | 5Prm — Ww) woke OF ay ba? _ 22, Py vobte 8" 7 én 2 “(= wy i. (Rr( ha (3 bm) pat? then Ag supy i jun le the Stator of 3 ff inducted eng 1 cle fing enegnatic [reld of tonto Mg nitude 5 Pry, + arel ye at con chrnoun deed , Ne is formed Ny nthipniun Chee 4. Ni fu : fo Ire. js defined a the red in which otelitg Presnes, p Feld ye (fe Ja No equal to BE A is gupalied hrequerny big mambes of Mole Trincible of Woy kine of 3G Induction Moloy: ' Tn 3-$Frclucton mites there 16 no electiifal Connection bk a vyotay and stator. Bat curventt are induced in yokto 4, duction Frndile, actly cone af Shat of transformed Hence, Inductor motors ave thseated os a mln franctorme, vahetber aatox winding in 3-f indkechs and motor fe fd g a af suiPly o rresatic es of Congfant magni (ude byt velating at synchvonout ded ie ~Peducel ag chown Bae State as The rerdploing rognetiC Field Passes threegh ait cep and Cut the WORX Undactors aod hence emt is’ Gndeced in Us otal — Conder cfory ' ‘ Gis, induced ef fanses A Curvvenl te floc in Te roler Conductors slo, the Current Cand by the solar conducld»s Mill Prodtwe & mragetic fer whith iC Shaan Fn Gigeereb! 4 she divectwon of this flr to canti-cloc Crt fe direction nls by the effect of Combined fie td them in He ae” the Satay conductore exierieniel a fowce tending 0 y ft 1 a Ite tendeectors ard fence the oles in tet wine diver tion iy TC the ole" % st to ylation as Chow 10 Figure gus Tgure ¢ Akence voles > Conclrucionel detail’ of tf apdection mofdy: Cle ee yee ap = maint consists of teor Parts dS The snducction motor knoe oS (stator) a, stationarg Parts 2, Rotating at enue 8 Let!) at, Stekov ee ape Slaloy ator brain + Stator Gore + Paty placed di fribeetes vec + Tee end CaeYS” 7 6 beeing « ee of an Jncecl motor meuigly Concis te oF which cave > Sfalos Ge is made 4? of steel faminations the Ap windin dotted along their inner PhewPhong fo Place -s the sfetos 1S Sed from 3g cuPil — The states indi klinding = 7S as ( alt : J AS cucu avranged for 3 : Wales 1s utound fo a ole finite st of A ‘Ply as fer the requirement of speed. ae ulhen States wlirdirg # Cenneclel ty ply fhe MOFnetic ‘ of Constant magni lu but wloling at oo Cpeod (n 2 W Procleced whith indeece’ an emf jn wo Gace : : 6 - 7 the Jokuction motor has g lypes of yolars D Sqearvel Phase yoke ‘ Phase waeend yotar | hy {qainel Phase Soler: Abeect 901 of inderction motow are .Prosdided snip Squimel phage lay. > THIS Coosctd of a cylindtical Cove with reaaliel Mots fr Carr wolay Conductors wy Che Caphed orsalluminium, " > These ase Short circuits at Loth ends embyings 0, it ind Pesible bo add any exfemel Tesistence with The valer Circas | fo trepmve the Marling torgua : Gy Phase Wound yotar: dt 8 pound with 3g inculated ind ‘Cimilay fo te Slatoy winding fox the Sane. numbey of paler as Ot of Te Stator: : a (> TL & ameralty Connected In Slax connections > The three leads of the Shy Connection cue Corniected i 3, clipya with brushes vestry on them > The 3 brashee Qxe ae connected to af ster Canek le ydoostat to EmPrx the Clay fing brig o fi the fiw of Stew fing entire yesitlarce in included’ fn’ ’ the “voter cisceat and : zw {Peadealty eet dul os yotat Pitt! cep Lec : oe <8 tPA an induction moins & giv by ce May i c Ne- ' T x100 Saher, = Synchrepout SRed i : Lack > hilar 3peed ee 09> Say (aye 8-0 orgue (T) = . SG! 4, he f ) atin ~ | : Oh (x) ; AD on tov ws) | we 7 1c of A Ab induct ™ ™ tor if que ay cae aorque T © ok DUNS Q% (sx, ulhere nis = Synchronos ged in LP . Se lip = Nu-Ny Ns _ indewed ert and the nde and till Cond i = vot yestblance Ver Phase : x, 7 bdr reactance Fr Phate cender dand get condittOn Tongue (7) - ait chavactaritice of Indeeefion . mo lOY- => = = —— Se ‘7 a Suits 0 ZS ESM PSEBU HG ien emZ£S 4 onceble VETO mar - T(mor) Sent a7) sev pull po load TW bey SND Ate icyer HENY 20 ror louney valet of clip(Q: To¥seu (7) IS incetty Proportions! 70s cov hehe value of slip» Torgere 6 divectly prodaational 1 is tre ca? 1S eatery! hyperbols a ee toad full Load and marimwn d cute, FL Samer ee go, the fore of They tan be bocatrd aS Show tn tte chowvacteril fC No Ny 20 Thi Shape of torque Ship chavacteristict fev different valu, of vesistence Such at w Red By" SRISRL are Chao abore > Maximum “Vrque jg indeiendent of resis ance ‘ * Starting methecls of 36 inductbon oto: © Prect onlire method (Dom) por) > Reducing volte method? 9) cervec ves ictey [reac tot iy Cute Frans former ane Tho jie) Stay [dela methad > Roky essence Conirol metkad Ay lining induction mot > Speech Con tio! of 36 Fnduction motor ‘ a ship Control methods * Voltece Conlvol mete! x Rolex” yesitlance Contr metlod ¥ Rotary emt inyecon metisd fi) Gunchyvonout Speed Control meffad 's x frequency contvol method x force tharqi ny method * Cas cerdiny. of & inducti motor Losses ane efficiency af indizetion mote: fy don Leave Loves 7 \ Thee ave furtter ddided into 4 hystevsis ard ey Cunvent fosces y by ing lamination ND cy Eddy cavvenl Towces are minemited Hast Hagel nics tower are minim ttt by cing 1 eprrde an eae cing aaa : cle! I i @ ‘ 5 + Tk toe OMe! depend Upon 36 frequent os freg uence of tle -stet cote juenty Of the volute in" cf ” few than the Stator Frequency ‘ value, Frequency and very cmatl as Comiared © pihich is aleooy the yolas Core loss I¢ dence . cla toy Core lors and is tseie neglected in runnin Conder tor ‘ The above loses ave Called Conctant loives > variable lomes: —_ - ’ the lowes 9% alto Called Copper lowes. These foes occu | duc to the current Ftoceing in Mtatoy end rotav tind ing As the load the cuvvert flowing in sot and i | Leto Winding ec and Henan, copier lower also Ploy ranges $0 these led variable Lone The Coprer lowes are obtained be Performing blocked votey_test on 36 induction motor. _ CHlicicncy £S the vatto of outPut to input oulrul ; Elfiierey 1 Tappa ic the yafio of qe! methanial also cl loses are Cal | | > Rotax eli eney Power devoloPed fd yotar in?ul pr Rotex but Pul eae foley 3atut | | > 34 indecctin motor eliteiensy 1S giccn by the vale ol Pout develored at shatt fo lle electrical input gin to -the motor: Power develofed at Shalt Electrical tnput te the motos porary otPert (Pout ) etficienc cog a ae $ WE power 1eput (Pin) 7 Tower lag es in ap indice io motor: & The Poweey ie in 3d induction motor % as tlle. motor inpif Fn Clator (Pi) J Palos CoPPer and Core [otses JL Rotax InPut (Ps) _ okay Copper lo Mechanite| power devclored in yotut (Pm) L friction and lindas loneds La Rotor outPur (Pout) the yelation betaeen Pou detievered to yotur, Pr, mets Poser develo 4m) and yok cope bow P28: FR = [i f-sie Fe, Single Phase induction motor: There are many applitationg in home, ollice etc, whe unliss — €letricily in 1-4 only, voids electric aPPliance such as Searing machines , drill Vaccum cleaners, ary Condi ftoners, mi rel, cleetic lyons ets most 1-g mnolOXE art f ratleg tek Cran 1S » tt cov, Weg. Workin PriecrPle of ip inderchion motor: the Concerto “of IB emolov is ‘ena to tat inefexction mnf’S: Buk tha Stay of Q tf mobos $ Poby- -foce a org phase winding and tho volt hoe titter é q te bjpe Alip- ving fype vkea dn motl of fhe Gast! cquase) e yotar 6 of

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