Watch the video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=8I2hrSRbmHE&t=98s

What is Vygotsky's theory of social development?

a) Children's cognitive development happens in stages.
b) Children develop independently of specific stages as the result of social interactions.
c) Children develop through physical activities.
d) Children's development is predetermined by genetics.

What is the zone of proximal development?

a) A place where children can play with toys.
b) A stage of development where children can learn skills beyond their natural maturity
with the help of a more knowledgeable other.
c) A stage of development where children only learn skills they can do on their own.
d) A place where children can learn skills by themselves without any help.

According to Vygotsky, how does thought develop?

a) Through genetics.
b) Through physical activities.
c) Through conversation and the internalization of external speech.
d) Through the zone of proximal development.

What are the four elementary mental functions that we are born with according to
Vygotsky?
a) Attention, sensation, perception, and emotion.
b) Attention, sensation, perception, and memory.
c) Attention, sensation, motivation, and memory.
d) Attention, sensation, perception, and language.

In the example of the twins learning to stand, why does the boy become more skilled
than the girl?
a) Because boys are naturally better at physical activities.
b) Because the girl doesn't have the ability to stand.
c) Because the boy receives support and opportunities to practice from a more
knowledgeable other, while the girl doesn't.
d) Because the girl doesn't want to stand.

What is the explicit connection established by Vygotsky between speech and mental
concepts?
a) Inner speech develops from internalization of visual stimuli.
b) Inner speech develops from external speech via a process of internalization.
c) Inner speech develops through physical activities.
d) Inner speech develops independently of external speech.

According to Vygotsky, what is the role of a more knowledgeable other in learning?

a) To tell the child what to learn next.
b) To provide opportunities for the child to practice and learn skills beyond their natural
maturity in the zone of proximal development.
c) To determine the child's natural abilities.
d) To discourage the child from learning.

Here are some critical thinking questions based on the previous text:

1. Vygotsky claimed that children develop independently of specific stages as the

result of social interactions. Do you agree with this claim? Can you think of any
examples that support or contradict this claim?

I agree that the children learnm with interction, but there is the age that too is
value, the children dont learn to speech with 2 month for example.

2. Vygotsky argued that the more knowledgeable other plays a central role in
children's learning and development. What are some potential benefits and
drawbacks of relying on a more knowledgeable other to guide children's
learning?

I only see benefits, the interaction with other more experient promove the
learning.

3. Vygotsky believed that inside the zone of proximal development, learning can
precede development, which means that children can learn skills beyond their
natural maturity with the help of a more knowledgeable other. What are some
implications of this idea for education and parenting?

I bielive that children can learn skills beyond their natural maturity with the help
the parenting and the teacher. On scholl this is promoved for teacher and at
home some parentes helps but other todo evething for children.

4. Vygotsky established an explicit connection between speech and mental

concepts, arguing that inner speech develops from external speech via a gradual
process of internalization. Do you agree with this idea? How might it apply to
language learning or bilingualism?

We need to be in touch with what we want to learn. Real experience, if I want to

learn to speak I need to listen to people talking and practice speaking.

5. Vygotsky left the following advice for educators: by giving students practice in
talking with others we give them frames for thinking on their own. What do you
think about this advice? Can you think of any examples of how social
interactions and conversations have influenced your own learning and
development?
I agree this advice the interactions and conversations in english help me the learn better.