Grade 12 (GS)

Exercise I. (7 points) Elastic collision and mechanical energy

Part Answer key 7.5pts

1
1.1- MEA = GPEA + KEA = mghA + 2 𝑚𝑉𝐴 2 = 0.6 × 10 × 0.5 + 0.5 × 0.6 × 0 = 3J 0.5

1.2- Law of conservation of M.E: MEM = MEA = 3J

MEM = GPEM + KEM
1 1
3 J = mghM + 2 𝑚𝑉𝑀 2 => 3J = 0.6 × 10 × 0.25 + 2 × 0.6 × 𝑉𝑀2 1
 3 = 1.5 + 0.3𝑉𝑀2 => 𝑉𝑀2 = 5 => VM = √5𝑚/𝑠.
(hM = R (1-cosƟ) = 0.5 (1- cos 60) = 0.25m)
1.3- MEB = MEA = 3J (law of conservation of ME)
1
MEC = GPEC + KEC = 0 + 2 𝑚𝑉𝐶 2 = 0.3 𝑉𝐶 2 (GPEC = 0, on the R.L)
1
➢ Law of non-conservation of ME between B and C : ∆ME = 𝑊⃗⃗⃗𝑓
=> ∆ME = -f .d => MEC - MEB = -f.d => 0.3𝑉𝐶 2 -3 = - 0.5 × 0.6 =>
𝑉𝐶 2 = 9 => VC =V = 3m/s (Proved)

2.1- ❖ During collision, the linear momentum of the system is conserved:

⃗⃗⃗
𝑃 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 = ⃗⃗⃗
𝑃 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟
⃗⃗⃗ + m1 v
 mV ⃗⃗ = mV ⃗⃗⃗′ + m1 ⃗⃗v′
⃗
The velocities are collinear then:
 mV + m1v = mV’ +m1v’ (v=0)
 mV = mV’ + m1v’ 0.5
 mV – mV’ = m1v’
 m(V – V’) = m1v’ equation 1

❖ During elastic collision KE of the system is conserved:

KEbefore = KEafter
1 1 1 1
 2 mV 2 + 2 m1 v 2 = 2 mV′2 + 2 m1 v′2 . (v=0)
1 1 1
 2 𝑚𝑉 2 = 2 𝑚𝑉′2 + 𝑚1 v′2 .
2
1 1 2 1
 2 𝑚𝑉 2 − 2 𝑚𝑉 ′ = 2 𝑚1 v′2 .
 m(V2 – V’2) = m1𝑉1′2
 m(V- V’)(V+V’) = m1v′2 equation 2

2 m(V− V’)(V+V’) = m1v′2 0.5

= => V+ V’ = v’ equation 3
1 m(V – V’) = m1v’

1
 eq1: m(V − V ′ ) = m1 v′
{ => V’= 1.5m/s and v’ = 4.5 m/s
eq3: V + V ′ = v′ 0.5
V’>0 and v’>0 then (S) and (P) move in in the same direction of the motion
of (S) before the collision (B → D)

2.2- Law of conservation of ME between C and D:

MED = MEC
1 1
m1ghD + 2 m1 vD 2 = m1ghc + 2 m1 v′2 (hD = hC = 0 (R.L)).
1 1 0.75
m v 2 = 2 m1 v′2 => vD 2 = v′2 => vD = v’ = 4.5 m/s
2 1 D

3.1- Law of conservation of ME: MEE = MED => GPEE + KEE = GPED + KED.
1 1
m1ghE + 2 m1 vE2 = m1ghD + 2 m1 vD2 0.75
0.2 × 10 × 0.7 + 0.5 × 0.2 × vE2 = 0.2 × 10 × 0 + 0.5 × 0.2 × 4.52
1.4 + 0.1vE2 = 2.025 => 0.1vE2 = 0.625 => vE2 = 6.25 => vE = 2.5 m/s
3.2- ∑ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹𝑒𝑥 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑊 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑁
𝐹𝑒𝑥 = (−𝑚𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼)𝑖⃗ + ⃗0 = (−𝑚𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼)𝑖⃗ .
Along x-axis: ∑ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 1
𝐹𝑒𝑥 = ⃗0 ( no motion along y-axis)
Along y-axis : ∑ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
 ∑ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹𝑒𝑥 = (−𝑚𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼)𝑖⃗ + 0𝑗⃗ = (−𝑚𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼)𝑖⃗ (proved).
3.3- ⃗⃗⃗ ⃗
⃗⃗⃗ 𝑒𝑥 = 𝑑𝑃 = ∆𝑃
N.S.L : ∑ 𝐹
𝑑𝑡 ∆𝑡
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗𝐸 −𝑃
𝑃 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗𝐷 m1 vE i⃗ − m1 vD i⃗
( -m1gsin𝛼) 𝑖⃗ = => ( -m1gsin𝛼) 𝑖⃗ = 1
∆𝑡 ∆t
𝑚1 (𝑣𝐸 −𝑣𝐷 )
=> -m1g sinα = => -2sinα = -1 => sinα = 0.5 => α =30o
∆𝑡

Exercise II. (7points) Charging and discharging of a capacitor

Part Answer key 7.5pts

A.1- Applying law of addition of voltages: 1

UG = UR1 + UC
𝑑𝑞 𝑑𝑢
E = R1i + UC (𝑖 = 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑐 𝑑𝑡𝑐 )
𝒅𝒖𝒄
E = R1C + UC. (Proved)
𝒅𝒕
−𝑡 −𝑡
A.2.1- ❖ UC = 𝑎 (1 − 𝑒 𝜏 )=> UC= 𝑎 − 𝑎𝑒 𝜏 . 1
−𝑡
𝑑𝑈𝑐 𝑎
❖ =UC’= 𝜏 𝑒 𝜏
𝑑𝑡

2
 −𝑡 −𝑡
𝒅𝒖𝒄 𝑎
E = R1C + UC => E = R1C(𝜏 𝑒 ) + (𝑎 − 𝑎𝑒 ) 𝜏 𝜏
𝒅𝒕
−𝑡 −𝑡
𝑎
 E - R1C(𝜏 𝑒 𝜏 )= 𝑎 − 𝑎𝑒 𝜏
−𝑅1 𝐶𝑎 𝑅1 𝐶
By comparaison : a = E = −𝑎 => = 1=> 𝝉 =𝑹𝟏 𝑪
𝜏 𝜏
 UC = E(1-e-t/τ)
A.2.2- 𝜏 =𝑅1 𝐶= 10 × 0.05 = 0.5 s
0.5

A.2.3- At t = 5 𝜏: UC = E(1-e-t/τ) => UC = E(1-e-5τ/τ) => UC = E ( 1-e-5) =0.99E≈ 𝐸. 0.5

At t = 5τ the capacitor will be charged completely.
t = 5τ= 5× 0.5 = 2.5 s.
A.3- dq duc CE R−tC E R−tC
i= =c = e 1 = e 1 0.5
dt dt R1 C R1
−∞
E
at steady state(t=∞) : i = R e R1 C =0
1

B.1- Applying law of uniqueness of voltages: 0.75

𝑑𝑞 𝑑𝑈𝐶 𝑑𝑈𝐶
UC = UR2 => UC = R2i => UC = -R2 𝑑𝑡 => UC = -R2C 𝑑𝑡 => UC + R2C 𝑑𝑡 = 0.
𝑑𝑈𝐶 1
 + 𝑅 𝐶 𝑈𝑐 = 0 Proved
𝑑𝑡 2

−𝑡
B.2- UC = 𝐸𝑒 𝑅2𝐶. 0.5
At t = R2C: UC = E e-1 = 0.37 E= 37% E. Proved
−𝑡 −𝑡
B.3.1- 𝑡 0.5
Ln UC =Ln (𝐸𝑒 . )=Ln E + Ln(𝑒 . )=Ln E − 𝑅 𝐶 Ln e
𝑅2 𝐶 𝑅2 𝐶
2
𝟏
 Ln UC = − 𝑹 𝑪 𝐭 + 𝐋𝐧 𝐄
𝟐
B.3.2- The curve that represents the variation of ln(UC) in terms of “t” is a 0.75
decreasing straight line => its equation satisfies the general form:
ln(Uc) = a t + b with a is the slope (negative number) which is in agreement
with the expression on Ln(UC) found in part B.3.1-
B.3.3- ln(Uc) = a t + b 0.75
𝑙𝑛(𝑢𝐶 )2 −𝑙𝑛(𝑢𝐶 )1 0−2
a= = = -1 and b = Ln(UC) intercept = 2
𝑡 −𝑡 2 2 2−0
 Ln(UC) = -t + 2
𝟏
 Ln UC = − 𝑹 𝑪 𝐭 + 𝐋𝐧 𝐄 0.75
𝟐
 Ln(UC) = -t + 2
𝟏
By comparison: − 𝑹 𝑪 = −𝟏 => R2 = 𝟏𝑪 = 𝟐𝟎𝜴
𝟐

3
Exercise (6 points) Useful Diffraction phenomenon in real life.

Part Answer key 7.5pts

A.1- ✓ The diffraction pattern is perpendicular to the direction of the slit. 1

✓ It is formed of diffraction fringes that are alternating bright and dark.
✓ The width of the central fringe is double the width of the lateral bright
fringes.
✓ The intensity of light at the central fringe is maximum and decreases
as we move away from the central fringe.
A.2- 𝜆𝐷 0.5
L = 2x(1) = 2
𝑎

A.3- 𝜆𝐷 𝑎𝑥 0.3×10−3 ×9.492×10−3

xM= k 𝑎 => k = 𝜆𝐷𝑀 = 632.8×10−9 ×1.5 = 3 (K = integer) => M is located 1
on a dark fringe of order 3.
A.4- 𝜆 −𝜆 𝜆 1
α = 𝜃1 − 𝜃−1 = 𝑎 − 𝑎 = 2 𝑎
α is independent of D then it will never change when D is changed.
B.1- 𝜆𝐷 𝜆𝐷 2×632.8×10−9 ×2.6 1
L1 = 2 𝑎 1 => a1 = 2 𝐿 1 = = 967.8 × 10−6 ≈ 0.97𝑚𝑚
1 1 3.4×10−3
B.2- Under the same conditions (same source of light => same λ, and same D1) if 0.75
the linear width of the central fringe stays the same that means, a1, the
diameter of the wire remains constant. Then the indicator is the linear width
of the central fringe.
C.1- 𝜆′ 𝐷 𝐿2 𝑎 4.7×10−3 ×0.3×10−3 0.75
L2 = 2 => 𝜆′ = = = 0.47 × 10−6 𝑚 = 470𝑛𝑚
𝑎 2𝐷 2×1.5
C.2- 𝐶 𝜆𝑣 𝜆 0.75
nwater = 𝑉 = 𝜆′ 𝑣 = 𝜆′
𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
C.3- 𝜆 632.8 0.75
nwater = 𝜆′ = = 1.34
470

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Exercise IV. (5points) Electromagnetic Induction Vs self-induction.

Part Answer key 7.5pts

A.1- 𝑑𝜑 ∆𝜑 (0.8−0)𝑚𝑊𝑏 0.5

e = − 𝑑𝑡 = − ∆𝑡 = − (8−0)𝑚𝑠
= −0.1𝑉
A.2.1- The negative sign signifies that the current in the coil circulates in a 0. 5
direction opposite to the chosen positive direction.

A.2.2- The induced current I, circulating in the coil, creates an induced magnetic
field ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝑖 , oriented to the left, according to the right hand rule. 0.25
The magnetic field 𝐵 ⃗ created by the magnet (N→S) has an opposite
0.25
direction of ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝑖 .
By Lenz’s law, ⃗⃗⃗⃗𝐵𝑖 oriented in a direction to opposite the variation of B in 0.25
the coil hence B increases in the coil.
Therefore the magnet approaches toward the coil. 0.25

A.2.3- e = ri => r = 𝑒 = −0.1 = 0.2𝛺 ( the resistance of the ammeter is negligible) 0. 5

𝑖 −0.005
B.1.1- By using law of uniqueness of voltages: UL = E = 12V<50V. Hence the lamp 0. 5
doesn’t light up.
B.1.2- By using law of uniqueness of voltages: Ucoil = E = 12V.
𝑑𝑖 𝑑𝑖
Ucoil = ri + L𝑑𝑡 => Ucoil = ri (in the steady state i =Imax = constant then 𝑑𝑡 = 0)
0.5
 E= rImax => Imax = 0.6A
1 2 1
W0 = 2 𝐿𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2 × 0.6 × 0.62 = 0.108𝐽 0.5
B.2.1- The initial Energy in the circuit that contains the coil and the lamp is that
stored in the coil, the coil plays the role of a generator delivering, under the 0.5
energy W0, an initial current I0 = 0.6A.
B.2.2- UL = RLI0 = 220×0.6 = 132V. since 50V <UL< 150Vthus it lights up. 0.5

B.2.3- By using law of uniqueness of voltages: Ucoil= UL=> ri+L𝑑𝑖 = -RLi => 0.75
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑖 𝑑𝑖 𝑟+𝑅𝐿
 (r+RL) i + L𝑑𝑡 = 0 => 𝑑𝑡 + 𝑖=0
𝐿

B.2.4- at t = 0, i = I0 = 0.6 A=> Ae0 = 0.6 => A = 0.6 0.5

𝑑𝑖 𝑟+𝑅𝐿 -Bt 𝑑𝑖 -Bt -Bt 240
+ 𝑖 = 0 (i = 0.6e => = -0.6 B e ) => -0.6 B e + 0.6 ×0.6e-Bt = 0
𝑑𝑡 𝐿 𝑑𝑡
0.5
 −0.6 e-Bt(B – 400) = 0 => B – 400 = 0 => B = 400
Then i = 0.6 e-400t
5
B.2.5- The lamp will turns off when the voltage across its terminals is less than
50
50V or the current is less than i= 220 = 0.227𝐴.
0.75
i < 0.227 => 0.6 e-400t < 0.227 => e-400t < 0.378 => -400t < ln (0.378)
 t > 2.47 x10-3s.
the lamp turns off at : tmax ≈ 2.47ms.