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Answer & Solutions
Mathematics

Section-A
This section comprises of MCQ (Multiple choice question), each of 1 mark.
𝑑 3
1. If 𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 𝑥 and 𝑓(1) = 1, then 𝑓(𝑥) is

(A) 𝑥 2 + 3 log|𝑥| + 1 (B) 𝑥 2 + 3 log|𝑥|

3
(C) 2 − (D) 𝑥 2 + 3 log|𝑥| − 4
𝑥2

Sol. Answer (B)

𝑑 3
Given equation is 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 +
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

Integrating on both sides

𝑑 3
∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (2𝑥 + 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 3 ln|𝑥| + 𝑐 ⋯ (𝑖)

Given that 𝑓(1) = 1
∴ 𝑓(1) = 1 = 1 + 𝑐 ⇒ 𝑐 = 0
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 3 ln|𝑥|

𝑑𝑦
2. Degree of the differential equation sin 𝑥 + cos (𝑑𝑥 ) = 𝑦 2 is

(A) 2 (B) 1
(C) not defined (D) 0
Sol. Answer (C)
𝑑𝑦
Given differential equation is sin 𝑥 + cos (𝑑𝑥 ) = 𝑦 2

The order of the differential equation is 1.

The given differential equation cannot be written as a polynomial equation.
∴ The degree of the differential equation is not defined.
3. The integrating factor of the differential equation
𝑑𝑥
(1 − 𝑦 2 ) + 𝑦𝑥 = 𝑎𝑦, (−1 < 𝑦 < 1) is
𝑑𝑦

1 1
(A) 𝑦2 −1 (B)
√𝑦 2 −1

1 1
(C) 1−𝑦2 (D)
√1−𝑦2

Sol. Answer (D)

𝑑𝑥
Given differential equation is (1 − 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦𝑥 = 𝑎𝑦, (−1 < 𝑦 < 1)

𝑑𝑥 𝑦𝑥 𝑎𝑦
⇒ 𝑑𝑦 + 1−𝑦2 = 1−𝑦2

𝑑𝑥 𝑦 𝑎𝑦
⇒ 𝑑𝑦 + (1−𝑦2 ) 𝑥 = 1−𝑦2

𝑑𝑥
The given equation in form of + 𝑝𝑥 = 𝑞
𝑑𝑦

∴ I.F. = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑝𝑑𝑦
𝑦
∫(1−𝑦2)𝑑𝑦
=𝑒
1 −2𝑦
∫ −2(1−𝑦2 )𝑑𝑦
=𝑒
1 2)
= 𝑒 −2 log(1−𝑦
1
log
√1−𝑦2
=𝑒
1
∴I.F. =
√1−𝑦 2

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , where coordinates of 𝑃 and 𝑄 respectively are (2, 1, −1) and

4. Unit vector along 𝑃𝑄
(4, 4, −7), is

(A) 2𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ − 6𝑘̂ (B) −2𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ + 6𝑘̂

2𝑖̂ 3𝑗̂ 6𝑘̂ 2𝑖̂ 3𝑗̂ 6𝑘̂
(C) − 7 − 7
+ 7
(D) 7
+ 7
− 7

Sol. Answer (D)

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑂𝑄
𝑃𝑄 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − 𝑂𝑃
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

= (4𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ − 7𝑘̂ ) − (2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ )

= 2𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ − 6𝑘̂

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | = √22 + 32 + (−6)2 = 7

|𝑃𝑄

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ is
Unit vector along 𝑃𝑄
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝑄 2𝑖̂ 3𝑗̂ 6𝑘̂
𝑎̂ = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |
= 7
+ 7
− 7
|𝑃𝑄
5. If in Δ𝐴𝐵𝐶, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝐵𝐶 = 3𝑏⃗, then ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝐴 = 2𝑎 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝐴𝐶 is

(A) 2𝑎 + 3𝑏⃗ (B) 2𝑎 − 3𝑏⃗

(C) 3𝑏⃗ − 2𝑎 (D) −2𝑎 − 3𝑏⃗

Sol. Answer (C)

By triangle law of addition,

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + 𝐴𝐶
𝐵𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝐵𝐶
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝐵𝐶
⇒ 𝐴𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − 𝐵𝐴
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

= 3𝑏⃗ − 2𝑎

6. If |𝑎 × 𝑏⃗| = √3 and 𝑎 ⋅ 𝑏⃗ = −3, then angle between 𝑎 and 𝑏⃗ is

2𝜋 𝜋
(A) 3
(B) 6

𝜋 5𝜋
(C) 3 (D) 6

Sol. Answer (D)

Given |𝑎 × 𝑏⃗| = √3 and 𝑎 ⋅ 𝑏⃗ = −3

⇒ |𝑎||𝑏⃗||sin 𝜃| = √3 and |𝑎||𝑏⃗| cos 𝜃 = −3

Dividing both equations, we get

1
tan 𝜃 = −
√3
5𝜋
⇒𝜃= 6

7. Equation of line passing through origin and making 30°, 60° and 90° with 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 axes
respectively is:
2𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 2𝑥 2𝑦 𝑧
(A) =2=0 (B) = =0
√3 √3 1

2𝑦 𝑧 2𝑥 2𝑦 𝑧
(C) 2𝑥 = =1 (D) = =1
√3 √3 1

Sol. Answer (B)

 √3 1
Direction cosines is given by (cos 𝛼 , cos 𝛽 , cos 𝛾) ≡ (cos 30° , cos 60° , cos 90°) ≡ ( 2 , 2 , 0)

Equation of the line is:

𝑥−0 𝑦−0 𝑧−0
= =
√3/2 1/2 0
2𝑥 2𝑦 𝑧
⇒ = =
√3 1 0

2
8. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two events such that 𝑃(𝐴/𝐵) = 2 × 𝑃(𝐵/𝐴) and 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) = 3, then 𝑃(𝐵)

is equal to:
2 7
(A) 9 (B) 9
4 5
(C) 9 (D) 9

Sol. Answer (A)

𝑃(𝐴/𝐵) = 2 × 𝑃(𝐵/𝐴)
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
⇒ =2×
𝑃(𝐵) 𝑃(𝐴)
⇒ 𝑃(𝐴) = 2 × 𝑃(𝐵)
2
𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) =
3
2
⇒ 3𝑃(𝐵) =
3
2
⇒ 𝑃(𝐵) =
9

tan 𝑥−1
9. Anti-derivative of tan 𝑥+1 with respect to 𝑥 is:

𝜋 𝜋
(A) sec 2 ( 4 − 𝑥) + 𝑐 (B) − sec 2 ( 4 − 𝑥) + 𝑐

𝜋 𝜋
(C) log |sec ( 4 − 𝑥)| + 𝑐 (D) − log |sec ( 4 − 𝑥)| + 𝑐

Sol. Answer (C)

tan 𝑥−1
𝐼 = ∫ tan 𝑥+1 𝑑𝑥
1−tan 𝑥
= − ∫ 1+tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝜋
= − ∫ tan ( − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
4

𝜋
= ln |sec ( 4 − 𝑥)| + 𝑐
10. If (𝑎, 𝑏), (𝑐, 𝑑) and (𝑒, 𝑓) are the vertices of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 and ∆ denotes the area of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, then
𝑎 𝑐 𝑒2
|𝑏 𝑑 𝑓 | is equal to:
1 1 1
(A) 2∆2 (B) 4∆2
(C) 2∆ (D) 4∆
Sol. Answer (B)
𝑎 𝑏 1
1
Area of the triangle with vertices (𝑎, 𝑏), (𝑐, 𝑑) and (𝑒, 𝑓) is given by: 2 | 𝑐 𝑑 1| = ∆
𝑒 𝑓 1
𝑎 𝑏 1
⇒ |𝑐 𝑑 1| = 2∆
𝑒 𝑓 1
𝑎 𝑏 1 𝑎 𝑐 𝑒
Now, | 𝑐 𝑑 1| = | 𝑏 𝑑 𝑓 | (∵ |𝐴𝑇 | = |𝐴|)
𝑒 𝑓 1 1 1 1
𝑎 𝑐 𝑒2
∴ |𝑏 𝑑 𝑓 | = 4∆2
1 1 1

11. The function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥|𝑥| is:

(A) continuous and differentiable at 𝑥 = 0
(B) continuous but not differentiable at 𝑥 = 0
(C) differentiable but not continuous at 𝑥 = 0
(D) neither differentiable nor continuous at 𝑥 = 0
Sol. Answer (A)
𝑥2, 𝑥 ≥ 0
𝑓(𝑥) = { 2
−𝑥 , 𝑥 < 0
At 𝑥 = 0
lim −𝑥 2 = 0 and lim+ 𝑥 2 = 0
𝑥→0− 𝑥→0

As lim− 𝑓(𝑥) = lim+ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(0)

𝑥→0 𝑥→0

∴ 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at 𝑥 = 0

2𝑥, 𝑥 > 0
𝑓′(𝑥) = {
−2𝑥, 𝑥 < 0
At 𝑥 = 0
𝑑 𝑑
𝑑𝑥
𝑓(𝑥)|0− = 𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥)|0+ = 0

∴ 𝑓(𝑥) is differentiable at 𝑥 = 0
 𝑥+𝑦 𝑑𝑦
12. If tan ( ) = 𝑘, then is equal to:
𝑥−𝑦 𝑑𝑥

𝑦 𝑦
(A) − 𝑥 (B) 𝑥
𝑦 𝑦
(C) sec 2 (𝑥 ) (D) − sec 2 (𝑥 )

Sol. Answer (B)

𝑥+𝑦
tan ( )=𝑘
𝑥−𝑦
𝑥+𝑦
⇒( ) = tan−1 𝑘
𝑥−𝑦
(𝑥 − 𝑦)(1 + 𝑦 ′ ) − (𝑥 + 𝑦)(1 − 𝑦 ′ )
⇒ =0
(𝑥 − 𝑦)2

⇒ 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 ′ − 𝑦𝑦 ′ − 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 ′ + 𝑦𝑦 ′ = 0
⇒ −2𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦 ′ = 0
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
∴ =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

13. The objective function 𝑍 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 of an LPP has maximum value 42 at (4, 6) and
minimum value 19 at (3, 2). Which of the following is true ?
(A) 𝑎 = 9, 𝑏 = 1 (B) 𝑎 = 5, 𝑏 = 2
(C) 𝑎 = 3, 𝑏 = 5 (D) 𝑎 = 5, 𝑏 = 3
Sol. Answer (C)
We are given that the objective function 𝑍 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 has maximum value 42 at (4, 6) and
minimum value 19 at (3, 2).
We can use these two points to form a system of two equations in two unknowns 𝑎 and 𝑏 as
follows:
42 = 4𝑎 + 6𝑏 & 19 = 3𝑎 + 2𝑏
On solving above equations, we get
𝑎 =3&𝑏 =5

14. The corner points of the feasible region of a linear programming problem are (0, 4), (8, 0)
20 4
and ( 3 , 3). If 𝑍 = 30𝑥 + 24𝑦 is the objective function, then (maximum value of

𝑍 −minimum value of 𝑍) is equal to:

(A) 40 (B) 96
(C) 120 (D) 136
Sol. Answer (*)
𝑍 = 30𝑥 + 24𝑦
 Corner Point Corresponding value of 𝑍
(0, 4) 96 (minimum)
(8, 0) 240 (maximum)
20 4 232
( 3 , 3)

maximum value of 𝑍 −minimum value of 𝑍 = 240 − 96 = 144

15. If 𝐴 is a 2 × 3 matrix such that 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐴𝐵′ both are defined, then order of matrix 𝐵 is
(A) 2 × 2 (B) 2 × 1
(C) 3 × 2 (D) 3 × 3
Sol. Answer (D)
Let order of matrix 𝐵 is 𝑚 × 𝑛.
𝐴𝐵 and 𝐴𝐵′ both are defined.
⇒ [𝐴]2×3 [𝐵]𝑚×𝑛 = [𝐴𝐵]2×𝑛 and 𝑚 = 3
Similarly, [𝐴]2×3 [𝐵′]𝑛×𝑚 = [𝐴𝐵′]2×𝑚 and 𝑛 = 3
Therefore, the order of matrix 𝐵 is 3 × 3.

2 0
16. If [ ] = 𝑃 + 𝑄 where 𝑃 is a symmetric and 𝑄 is a skew symmetric matrix, then 𝑄 is
5 4
equal to:
5 5
2 2
0 −2
(A) [ 5 ] (B) [ 5 ]
2
4 2
0

5 5
0 2
2 −2
(C) [ 5 ] (D) [ 5 ]
−2 0 2
4

Sol. Answer (B)

2 0
Let 𝐴 = [ ]
5 4
Any matrix can be written as the sum of a symmetric matrix and a skew-symmetric matrix.
1 1
𝐴 = (𝐴 + 𝐴𝑇 ) + (𝐴 − 𝐴𝑇 )
2 2

1 1 2 0 2 5 1 0 −5
Here 𝑄 = 2 (𝐴 − 𝐴𝑇 ) = 2 ([ ]−[ ]) = 2 ([ ])
5 4 0 4 5 0
5
0 −2
∴ 𝑄 = [5 ]
0
2
 1 2 1
17. If [2 3 1] is a non-singular matrix and 𝑎 ∈ 𝐴, then the set 𝐴 is:
3 𝑎 1
(A) ℝ (B) {0}
(C) {4} (D) ℝ − {4}
Sol. Answer (D)
1 2 1
Let 𝑃 = [2 3 1]
3 𝑎 1
1 2 1 1 2 1 𝑅 →𝑅 −𝑅
|𝑃| = |2 3 1| = |1 1 0| (𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 𝑅1 )
3 3 1
3 𝑎 1 2 𝑎−2 0
⇒ |𝑃| = 𝑎 − 4
But |𝑃| ≠ 0 ⇒ 𝑎 ≠ 4
∴ 𝑎 ∈ ℝ − {4}

18. If |𝐴| = |𝑘𝐴|, where 𝐴 is a square matrix of order 2, then sum of all possible values of 𝑘
is:
(A) 1 (B) −1
(C) 2 (D) 0
Sol. Answer (D)
|𝑘𝐴| = 𝑘 2 |𝐴|

𝑘 2 |𝐴| = |𝐴| (given)

⇒ 𝑘2 = 1
⇒ 𝑘 = ±1
∴ Sum of all possible values of 𝑘 is 0.

ASSERTION-REASON BASED QUESTIONS

In the following questions 19 & 20, a statement of Assertion(A) is followed by a statement of
Assertion(A) is followed by a statement of Reason(R).
Choose the correct answer out of the following choices:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
19. Assertion(A): If a line makes angles 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 with positive direction of the coordinate

axes, then sin2 𝛼 + sin2 𝛽 + sin2 𝛾 = 2.

Reason(R): The sum of squares of the direction cosines of a line is 1.
Sol. Answer (a)
If a line makes angles 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 with positive direction of the coordinate axes, then

cos2 𝛼 + cos2 𝛽 + cos2 𝛾 = 1

⇒ (1 − sin2 𝛼) + (1 − sin2 𝛽) + (1 − sin2 𝛾) = 1

⇒ sin2 𝛼 + sin2 𝛽 + sin2 𝛾 = 2

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

20. Assertion(A): Maximum value of (cos−1 𝑥)2 is 𝜋 2

𝜋 𝜋
Reason(R): Range of the principal value branch of cos−1 𝑥 is [− , ].
2 2

Sol. Answer (c)

Range of the principal value branch of cos−1 𝑥 is [0, 𝜋].

∴ The maximum value of (cos−1 𝑥)2 is 𝜋 2 .

(A) is true, but (R) is false.

Section-B
This section comprises of Very Short Answer Type (VSA) questions, each of 2 marks.

21. If 𝑎, 𝑏⃗, 𝑐 are three non-zero unequal vectors such that 𝑎 ⋅ 𝑏⃗ = 𝑎 ⋅ 𝑐, then find the angle
between 𝑎 and 𝑏⃗ − 𝑐.
Sol.

Given 𝑎 ⋅ 𝑏⃗ = 𝑎 ⋅ 𝑐

⇒ 𝑎 ⋅ (𝑏⃗ − 𝑐 ) = 0

⇒ 𝑎 ⊥ (𝑏⃗ − 𝑐) or 𝑏⃗ = 𝑐

But it’s given that 𝑎, 𝑏⃗, 𝑐 are three non-zero unequal vectors.

⇒ 𝑎 ⊥ (𝑏⃗ − 𝑐) and 𝑏⃗ ≠ 𝑐
𝜋
Hence, the angle between 𝑎 and 𝑏⃗ − 𝑐 is 2 .

3𝜋
22.(a) Evaluate sin−1 (sin 4
)+ cos(cos −1 𝜋) + tan−1 1.

OR
(b) Draw the graph of cos−1 𝑥, where 𝑥 ∈ [−1, 0]. Also write its range.
Sol. (a)
3𝜋 𝜋
sin−1 (sin 4
) = sin−1 (sin (𝜋 − 4 ))

𝜋 𝜋
= sin−1 (sin ( 4 )) = 4

cos(cos−1 𝜋) = 𝜋
𝜋
tan−1 1 = 4

3𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋
∴ sin−1 (sin 4
)+ cos(cos −1 𝜋) + tan−1 1 = 4 + 𝜋 + 4 = 2

OR
Sol. (b)

Range of the cos−1 𝑥 is [0, 𝜋].

𝜋
But since 𝑥 ∈ [−1, 0], hence range is [ 2 , 𝜋]

23. If the equation of a line is 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑦 + 𝑏, 𝑧 = 𝑐𝑦 + 𝑑, then find the direction ratios of the line
and a point on the line.
Sol. Given equation of the line is 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑦 + 𝑏, 𝑧 = 𝑐𝑦 + 𝑑
𝑥−𝑏 𝑧−𝑑
𝑎
= 𝑦, 𝑐
=𝑦
𝑥−𝑏 𝑦−0 𝑧−𝑑
⇒ 𝑎
= 1
= 𝑐

Direction ratios are (𝑎, 1, 𝑐) and a point on the given line is (𝑏 ,0, 𝑑).

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2
24. (a) If 𝑦 = √𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏, prove that 𝑦 (𝑑𝑥 2 ) + (𝑑𝑥 ) = 0.

Sol. 𝑦 = √𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
Squaring both sides,

𝑦 2 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
Differentiating w.r.t 𝑥
𝑑𝑦
⇒ 2𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎

Again, differentiating w.r.t 𝑥

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
⇒ 2𝑦 + 2( )( ) = 0
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2
⇒ 𝑦 (𝑑𝑥 2 ) + (𝑑𝑥 ) = 0 (Proved)

OR
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 ; 0 < 𝑥 ≤ 1
(b) If 𝑓(𝑥) = { is a differentiable function in (0, 2), then find the values
2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 ; 1 < 𝑥 < 2
of 𝑎 and 𝑏.
Sol. The function is differentiable and continuous at 𝑥 = 1.
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim+ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(1)
𝑥→1− 𝑥→1

𝑎(1) + 𝑏 = 2(1)2 − 1
⇒𝑎+𝑏 =1
𝑎 ; 0<𝑥<1
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = {
4𝑥 − 1 ; 1 < 𝑥 < 2
Now, 𝑓 ′ (1− ) = 𝑓 ′ (1+ )
⇒ 𝑎 = 4(1) − 1 = 3
∴ 𝑏 = −2

25. If the circumference of circle is increasing at the constant rate, prove that rate of change
of area of circle is directly proportional to its radius.
Sol.
Circumference(𝐶) = 2𝜋𝑟
𝑑𝐶 𝑑𝑟
𝑑𝑡
= 2𝜋 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑘
Let 2𝜋 =𝑘⇒ = (where 𝑘 is a constant)
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 2𝜋

Area (𝐴) = 𝜋𝑟 2
𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝑟
𝑑𝑡
= 2𝜋𝑟 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝐴 𝑘
⇒ 𝑑𝑡
= 2𝜋𝑟 (2𝜋) = 𝑟𝑘
𝑑𝐴
⇒ 𝑑𝑡
∝𝑟

∴ Rate of change of area of the circle is directly proportional to its radius.

 Section-C
This section comprises of short answer type (SA) questions, each of 3 marks.
26. Evaluate
log √3
1
∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 )(𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥 )
log √2

Sol.
log √3
1
𝐼= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 )(𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥 )
log √2

log √3 log √3
1 𝑒 2𝑥
⇒𝐼= ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑒 2𝑥 − 𝑒 −2𝑥 ) (𝑒 4𝑥 − 1)
log √2 log √2

Substituting 𝑡 = 𝑒 2𝑥 ⇒ 𝑑𝑡 = 2𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

∴ 𝑒 2(log √3) = 3 & 𝑒 2(log √2) = 2

3
1
⇒𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑡
2(𝑡 2 − 1)
2

1 𝑡−1 3
⇒ 𝐼 = [ ln | |]
4 𝑡+1 2
1 1 1
⇒ 𝐼 = [ln − ln ]
4 2 3
1 3
⇒ 𝐼 = ln ( )
4 2

27. (a)

Find the general solution of the differential equation: (𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥

Sol.
𝑑𝑦 𝑦2
=
𝑑𝑥 (𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 2 )
It is a homogeneous differential equation.
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
Hence substitute, 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 ⇒ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑣 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑣 𝑣 2𝑥 2
⇒𝑣+𝑥 = 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑣𝑥 − 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑣 𝑣 2 − 𝑣(𝑣 − 1)
⇒𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑣−1
𝑣−1 𝑑𝑥
⇒( ) 𝑑𝑣 =
𝑣 𝑥
 1 𝑑𝑥
⇒ ∫ (1 − ) 𝑑𝑣 = ∫
𝑣 𝑥
⇒ 𝑣 − ln 𝑣 = ln 𝑥 + ln 𝑐 (where 𝑐 is an arbitrary constant)
𝑦 𝑦
⇒ 𝑥 − ln 𝑥 = ln 𝑐𝑥
𝑦 𝑦
⇒ = ln (𝑐𝑥 × )
𝑥 𝑥
𝑦
⇒ = ln 𝑐𝑦
𝑥
𝑦
⇒ 𝑐𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥
OR

(b)
𝑑𝑦
Find the general solution of the differential equation: (𝑥 2 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦 = √𝑥 2 + 4

Sol.
𝑑𝑦
Given: (𝑥 2 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦 = √𝑥 2 + 4

Simplifying the above equation, we get:

𝑑𝑦 2𝑥 √𝑥 2 + 4
+ 2 𝑦= 2
𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 + 1) (𝑥 + 1)
𝑑𝑦
This is a linear differential equation of the form: 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑃𝑦 = 𝑄

2𝑥 √𝑥 2 + 4
Here, 𝑃 = & 𝑄 =
𝑥2 + 1 (𝑥 2 + 1)
2𝑥
∫ 2 𝑑𝑥 2 +1)
∴ I.F. = 𝑒 𝑥 +1 = 𝑒 log(𝑥 = (𝑥 2 + 1)

Now, solution of above differential equation is:

𝑦(𝐼. 𝐹. ) = ∫ 𝑄 (𝐼. 𝐹. ) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶

√𝑥 2 + 4
∴ (𝑥 2 + 1)𝑦 = ∫(𝑥 2 + 1) ⋅ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶 = ∫ √𝑥 2 + 4 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶
(𝑥 2 + 1)
𝑥
⇒ (𝑥 2 + 1)𝑦 = √𝑥 2 + 4 + 2 log |𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 4| + 𝐶
2

28. (a)
Two balls are drawn at random one by one with replacement from an urn containing equal
number of red balls and green balls. Find the probability distribution of number of red balls.
Also, find the mean of the random variable.
Sol.
Sample Space = {𝑅𝑅, 𝑅𝐺, 𝐺𝑅, 𝐺𝐺}
Possible Number of Probability
Outcomes green balls
1
𝑅𝑅 0
4
𝑅𝐺
1
1
𝐺𝑅 2

1
𝐺𝐺 2
4
1
𝑃(Red = 2) = 4
1
𝑃(Red = 1) = 2
1
𝑃(Red = 0) = 4

Let 𝑋 denote the number of red balls.

𝑋 0 1 2
𝑃(𝑋) 1 1 1
4 2 4

1 1 1
Mean = Σ 𝑥 ⋅ 𝑃(𝑥) = 0 × (4) + 1 × (2) + 2 × (4) = 1

(b)
𝐴 and 𝐵 throw a die alternatively till one of them gets a ′6′ and wins the game. Find their
respective probabilities of winning, if 𝐴 starts the game first.
Sol.
1
Probability of getting a 6 when a dice is rolled =
6

Let 𝑆 denote the success (getting a ‘6’) and 𝐹 denote the failure (not getting a ‘6’).
1 5
𝑃(𝑆) = 6 = 𝑝 and 𝑃(𝐹) = 6 = 𝑞

𝑃(𝐴 wins in first throw) = 𝑃(𝑆) = 𝑝

𝑃(𝐴 wins in third throw) = 𝑃(𝐹𝐹𝑆) = 𝑞𝑞𝑝
𝑃(𝐴 wins in fifth throw) = 𝑃(𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑆) = 𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑝 and so on…

1
1 5 5 1 5 5 5 5 1 6
Probability that 𝐴 wins the game = + ⋅ ⋅ + ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ + ⋯ = 6
5 2
=
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 1−( ) 11
6

5
Probability that 𝐵 wins the game = 1 − 𝑃(𝐴) = 11
29.
Solve the following linear programming problem graphically:
Maximize: 𝑍 = 𝑥 + 2𝑦
subject to constraints:
𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 100,
2𝑥 − 𝑦 ≤ 0,
2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 200,
𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0
Sol.
Maximize: 𝑍 = 𝑥 + 2𝑦
Subject to constraints:
𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 100,
2𝑥 − 𝑦 ≤ 0,
2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 200,
𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0
To find the point of intersections and to plot the graph, we need to convert above inequations
to equations.
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 100 ⋯ (𝑖)
2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0 ⋯ (𝑖𝑖)
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 200 ⋯ (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
On solving above equations, we get
𝐴(0,50), 𝐵(20,40), 𝐶(50,100) & 𝐷(0,200)
Plotting regions, on cartesian plane.
 Corner Point Corresponding value of 𝑍
𝐴(0,50) 100
𝐵(20,40) 100
𝐶(50,100) 250
𝐷(0,200) 400(max)

Thus, maximum of 𝑍 occurs at 𝐷(0, 200) i.e., 400.

30. (a)
1
Evaluate ∫−1|𝑥 4 − 𝑥|𝑑𝑥.

Sol.
1 0 1
∫ |𝑥 4 − 𝑥|𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (𝑥 4 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫ (𝑥 − 𝑥 4 )𝑑𝑥
−1 −1 0
0 1
𝑥5 𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥5
= [5 − ]
2 −1
+[2 − 5 0
]

1 1 1 1
= (0 − 0) − (− 5 − (2)) + (2 − 5) − (0 − 0)

=1

OR
(b)
sin−1 𝑥
Find ∫ 3 𝑑𝑥
(1−𝑥 2 )2

Sol.
sin−1 𝑥 sin−1 𝑥
𝐼=∫ 3 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(1−𝑥 2 )2 (1−𝑥 2 ) √1−𝑥 2

Let 𝑡 = sin−1 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑥 = sin 𝑡

1
⇒ 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑑𝑥
√1−𝑥 2
𝑡
⇒𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑡
1−sin2 𝑡

⇒ 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑡 sec 2 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑢
Using Integration by parts, we have: ∫ (𝑢𝑣)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑢∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑥 − ∫ ((𝑑𝑥 ) ∫ (𝑣𝑑𝑥)) 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
⇒ 𝐼 = 𝑡 ∫ sec 2 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 − ∫ 𝑑𝑡 (𝑡) [∫ sec 2 𝑡 𝑑𝑡]𝑑𝑡

⇒ 𝐼 = 𝑡 tan 𝑡 − ∫ tan 𝑡 𝑑𝑡

⇒ 𝐼 = 𝑡 tan 𝑡 + ln|cos 𝑡| + 𝐶
𝑥
⇒ 𝐼 = sin−1 𝑥 × + ln √1 − 𝑥 2 + 𝐶
√1−𝑥 2
 𝑥(sin−1 𝑥) ln(1−𝑥 2 )
⇒𝐼= + +𝐶
√1−𝑥 2 2

31.
1−sin 𝑥
Evaluate ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (1−cos 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

Sol.
1−sin 𝑥 1 sin 𝑥
∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (1−cos 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (2 sin2𝑥 − 2 sin2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
2 2

𝑥 𝑥
1 𝑥 2 sin cos
= ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (2 cosec 2 2 − 2
𝑥
2
) 𝑑𝑥
2 sin2
2

1 𝑥 𝑥
= ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (2 cosec 2 2 − cot 2) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 1 𝑥
Let 𝑢 = cot 2 ⇒ 𝑢′ = − 2 cosec 2 2

We know that ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑢 + 𝑢′ )𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 ⋅ 𝑢 + 𝐶

1−sin 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (1−cos 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 (− cot 2) + 𝐶 = −𝑒 𝑥 (cot 2) + 𝐶

Section-D
This section comprises of Long Answer type (LA) questions of 5 marks each.
32) a)
Find the equations of the diagonals of the parallelogram 𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆 whose vertices are
𝑃(4, 2, −6), 𝑄(5, −3, 1), 𝑅(12, 4, 5) and 𝑆(11, 9, −2). Use these equations to find the point of
intersection of diagonals.
Sol.
Given vertices are 𝑃(4, 2, −6), 𝑄(5, −3, 1), 𝑅(12, 4, 5) and 𝑆(11, 9, −2).

DR’s of 𝑃𝑅 is (12 − 4,4 − 2,5 − (−6)) = (8,2,11)

Equation of 𝑃𝑅:
𝑥−4 𝑦−2 𝑧+6
= =
8 2 11

DR’s of 𝑄𝑆 is (11 − 5,9 − (−3), −2 − 1) = (6,12, −3)

Equation of 𝑄𝑆:
𝑥−5 𝑦+3 𝑧−1
6
= 12
= −3

Let the point of intersection of 𝑃𝑅 and 𝑄𝑆 be 𝐴.

i.e., 𝐴 lies on both the lines 𝑃𝑅 and 𝑄𝑆.
𝑥−4 𝑦−2 𝑧+6
i.e., 8
= 2
= 11
= 𝑘 ⇒ (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (8𝑘 + 4,2𝑘 + 2,11𝑘 − 6) …(i)
𝑥−5 𝑦+3 𝑧−1
6
= 12
= −3
= 𝑠 ⇒ (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (6𝑠 + 5,12𝑠 − 3, −3𝑠 + 1) …(ii)
Equating (i) and (ii) to get 𝐴
⇒ 8𝑘 + 4 = 6𝑠 + 5 ⇒ 8𝑘 − 6𝑠 − 1 = 0 …(a)
⇒ 2𝑘 + 2 = 12𝑠 − 3 ⇒ 2𝑘 − 12𝑠 + 5 = 0 …(b)
⇒ 11𝑘 − 6 = −3𝑠 + 1 ⇒ 11𝑘 + 3𝑠 − 7 = 0 …(c)
1 1
By solving, we get 𝑘 = 2 , 𝑠 = 2
1
⇒ 𝐴 (8,3, − 2) is the point of intersection of the diagonals of the parallelogram 𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆.

b)
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
A line 𝑙 passes through point (−1, 3, −2) and is perpendicular to both the lines = = and
1 2 3
𝑥+2 𝑦−1 𝑧+1
−3
= 2
= 5
. Find the vector equation of the line 𝑙. Hence, obtain its distance from origin.

Sol.
Given, the line 𝑙 passes through point 𝑄(−1, 3, −2) and is perpendicular to both the lines:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝑥+2 𝑦−1 𝑧+1
1
= 2 = 3 and −3
= 2
= 5
.

Dr’s of the lines are: 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ and −3𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 5𝑘̂
Given line is perpendicular to both the lines.
So, the dr’s of required line is given by,

(𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ ) × (−3𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 5𝑘̂ ) = 4𝑖̂ − 14𝑗̂ + 8𝑘̂ = 2(2𝑖̂ − 7𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂ )

Vector equation of the line is:

𝑟 = −𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂ + 𝜆(2𝑖̂ − 7𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂ )

̅̅̅̅ ×𝑠̅|
|𝑃𝑄 |(−1−0,3−0,−2−0)×(2,−7,4)| |(−2,0,1)| 5
Distance of the line from origin = 𝑑 = |𝑠̅|
= |(2,−7,4)|
= = √69
√69

33)
Using Integration, find the area of triangle whose vertices are (−1, 1), (0, 5) and (3, 2).
Sol.
Let 𝐴(−1, 1), 𝐵(0, 5) and 𝐶(3, 2) are vertices of triangle.
𝑦2 −𝑦1
Equation of line ⇒ (𝑦 − 𝑦1 ) = (𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
𝑥2 −𝑥1

𝐴𝐵 line→ 𝐴(−1, 1) & 𝐵(0, 5)

5−1
Equation of line 𝐴𝐵 → (𝑦 − 1) = 0+1 (𝑥 + 1)

𝑦 − 1 = 4𝑥 + 4
𝑦 = 4𝑥 + 5 ⋯ (𝑖)
𝐵𝐶 line→ 𝐵(0, 5) & 𝐶(3, 2)
 2−5
Equation of line 𝐵𝐶 → (𝑦 − 5) = 3−0 (𝑥 − 0)

𝑦 − 5 = −𝑥
𝑦 = −𝑥 + 5 ⋯ (𝑖𝑖)
𝐴𝐶 line→ 𝐴(−1, 1) & 𝐶(3, 2)
2−1
Equation of line 𝐴𝐶 → (𝑦 − 1) = 3+1 (𝑥 + 1)
1
𝑦 − 1 = 4 (𝑥 + 1)
𝑥 5
𝑦 = + ⋯ (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
4 4

Area of Δ𝐴𝐵𝐶 = ∫𝐴𝐵 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + ∫𝐵𝐶 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 − ∫𝐴𝐶 𝑦 𝑑𝑥

0 3 3 𝑥 5
= ∫−1(4𝑥 + 5) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫0 (−𝑥 + 5) 𝑑𝑥 − ∫−1 (4 + 4) 𝑑𝑥
0 3 3
4𝑥 2 −𝑥 2 𝑥2 5𝑥
=[ 2
+ 5𝑥] +[ 2
+ 5𝑥] − [ 8 + ]
4 −1
−1 0

9 9 15 1 5
= [0 − (2 − 5)] + [− + 15 − 0] − [ + − ( − )]
2 8 4 8 4

−9+30 9 15 1 5
= [3] + [ 2
] − [8 + 4 − 8 + 4]

21 𝟏𝟓
=3+ − 6 = sq. unit
2 𝟐

34)

A function 𝑓: [−4, 4] → [0, 4] is given by 𝑓(𝑥) = √16 − 𝑥 2 . Show that 𝑓 is an onto function but
not a one-one function. Further, find all possible values of ′𝑎′ for which 𝑓(𝑎) = √7.
Sol.
Let 𝑦 ∈ [0,4] such that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦

⇒ 0 ≤ √16 − 𝑥 2 ≤ 4

⇒ 0 ≤ 16 − 𝑥 2 ≤ 16

⇒ 0 ≤ 𝑥 2 ≤ 16
⇒ −4 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4
Which is the domain of the function. i.e., the function 𝑓 is onto.
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 ∈ [0,4]

⇒ √16 − 𝑥 2 = 1

⇒ 𝑥 2 = 15

⇒ 𝑥 = ±√15
As an element in the co-domain has two pre-images in its domain, hence the function 𝑓 is
not one-one function.

Given 𝑓(𝑎) = √7

⇒ √16 − 𝑎2 = √7

⇒ 16 − 𝑎2 = 7

⇒ 𝑎2 = 9
⇒ 𝑎 = ±3

35)
−3 −2 −4 1 2 0
a) If 𝐴 = [ 2 1 2 ] and 𝐵 = [−2 −1 −2], then find 𝐴𝐵 and use it to solve the
2 1 3 0 −1 1
following system of equations:
𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 3
2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 2
−2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 3
Sol.
−3 −2 −4 1 2 0 1 0 0
𝐴𝐵 = [ 2 1 ] [
2 −2 −1 −2 ] = [ 0 1 0]
2 1 3 0 −1 1 0 0 1
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐼
⇒ 𝐴 = 𝐵−1 (∵ 𝐵−1 𝐵 = 𝐼)
−3 −2 −4
∴ 𝐵−1 = [ 2 1 2 ] ⋯ (𝑖)
2 1 3
system of equations:
𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 3
2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 2
−2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 3
By using matrix method
1 −2 0 𝑥 3
𝑇
𝐶 = 𝐵 = [2 −1 −1] , 𝑋 = [𝑦] , 𝐷 = [2]
0 −2 1 𝑧 3
𝐶𝑋 = 𝐷
∴ 𝑋 = 𝐶 −1 𝐷
𝑥 3
[𝑦] = (𝐵𝑇 )−1 [2] ⋯ (𝑖𝑖)
𝑧 3
We know that (𝐵𝑇 )−1 = (𝐵−1 )𝑇
 −3 2 2
∴ (𝐵𝑇 )−1 = [−2 1 1] from eq (𝑖)
−4 2 3
∴ equation (𝑖𝑖) ⇒
𝑥 −3 2 2 3
[𝑦] = [−2 1 1] [ 2]
𝑧 −4 2 3 3
𝑥 1
⇒ [𝑦] = [−1]
𝑧 1
∴ 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = −1 & 𝑧 = 1

b)
cos 𝛼 − sin 𝛼 0
If 𝑓(𝛼) = [ sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼 0], then prove that 𝑓(𝛼) ⋅ 𝑓(−𝛽) = 𝑓(𝛼 − 𝛽).
0 0 1
Sol.
cos 𝛼 − sin 𝛼 0
𝑓(𝛼) = [ sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼 0]
0 0 1
cos(−𝛽) − sin(−𝛽) 0 cos 𝛽 sin 𝛽 0
𝑓(−𝛽) = [ sin(−𝛽) cos(−𝛽) 0] = [− sin 𝛽 cos 𝛽 0]
0 0 1 0 0 1
cos 𝛼 − sin 𝛼 0 cos 𝛽 sin 𝛽 0
𝑓(𝛼) ⋅ 𝑓(−𝛽) = [ sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼 0] ⋅ [− sin 𝛽 cos 𝛽 0]
0 0 1 0 0 1
cos 𝛼 cos 𝛽 + sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽 cos 𝛼 sin 𝛽 − sin 𝛼 cos 𝛽 0
= [sin 𝛼 cos 𝛽 − cos 𝛼 sin 𝛽 sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽 + cos 𝛼 cos 𝛽 0]
0 0 1
cos(𝛼 − 𝛽) sin(𝛽 − 𝛼) 0
= [ sin(𝛼 − 𝛽) cos(𝛼 − 𝛽) 0]
0 0 1
cos(𝛼 − 𝛽) − sin(𝛼 − 𝛽) 0
= [ sin(𝛼 − 𝛽) cos(𝛼 − 𝛽) 0]
0 0 1
= 𝑓(𝛼 − 𝛽) (Proved)
 Section-E
This section comprises of 3 source based case-based/passage based/integrated units of
assessment questions of 5 marks each.
36.
Recent studies suggest that roughly 12% of the world population is left handed.
Depending upon the parents, the chances of having a left handed child are as follows:
A: When both father and mother are left handed:
Chances of left handed child is 24%.
B: When father is right handed and mother is left handed:
Chances of left handed child is 22%.
C: When father is left handed and mother is right handed:
Chances of left handed child is 17%.
D: When both father and mother are right handed.
Chances of left handed child is 9%.
1
Assuming that 𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑃(𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐶) = 𝑃(𝐷) = 4 and 𝐿 denotes the event that child is left
handed.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions:
(i) Find 𝑃(𝐿/𝐶)

(ii) Find 𝑃(𝐿̅/𝐴)

(iii) (a) Find 𝑃(𝐴/𝐿)
OR
(b) Find the probability that a randomly selected child is left handed given that exactly
one of the parents is left handed.
Sol.
1
Given: 𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑃(𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐶) = 𝑃(𝐷) = 4
24 22 17 9
𝑃(𝐿/𝐴) = 100 , 𝑃(𝐿/𝐵) = 100 , 𝑃(𝐿/𝐶) = 100 , 𝑃(𝐿/𝐷) = 100

17
(i) 𝑃(𝐿/𝐶) =
100
24 76
(ii) 𝑃(𝐿̅/𝐴) = 1 − 𝑃(𝐿/𝐴) = 1 − 100 = 100

(iii) (a)
𝑃(𝐴) × 𝑃(𝐿/𝐴)
𝑃(𝐴/𝐿) =
𝑃(𝐴) × 𝑃(𝐿/𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) × 𝑃(𝐿/𝐵) + 𝑃(𝐶) × 𝑃(𝐿/𝐶) + 𝑃(𝐷) × 𝑃(𝐿/𝐷)
 1 24
𝑃(𝐴/𝐿) = 4 × 100
1 24 1 22 1 17 1 9
4 × 100 + 4 × 100 + 4 × 100 + 4 × 100
24 1
⇒ 𝑃(𝐴/𝐿) = =
72 3

(b) The probability that a randomly selected child is left handed given that exactly
one of the parents is left handed is given by:
22 17 39
𝑃(𝐿/𝐵) + 𝑃(𝐿/𝐶) = + =
100 100 100

37.
Engine displacement is the measure of the cylinder volume swept by all the pistons of a
piston engine. The piston moves inside the cylinder bore.
The cylinder bore in the form of a circular cylinder open at the top is to be made from a metal
sheet of area 75𝜋 cm2 .
Based on the above information, answer the following questions:
(i) If the radius of cylinder is 𝑟 cm and height is ℎ cm, then write the volume 𝑉 of the
cylinder in terms of radius 𝑟.
𝑑𝑉
(ii) Find .
𝑑𝑟
(iii) (a) Find the radius of cylinder when its volume is maximum.
OR
(b) For maximum volume, ℎ > 𝑟. State true or false and justify.
Sol.
(i) Given the radius, height and Volume of cylinder are 𝑟, ℎ and 𝑉 respectively.

Also, the area of the cylinder 𝐴 = 75𝜋 cm2

⇒ 𝜋𝑟 2 + 2𝜋𝑟ℎ = 75𝜋
⇒ 𝜋𝑟(𝑟 + 2ℎ) = 75𝜋
75
⇒ 𝑟 + 2ℎ = 𝑟

1 75
⇒ ℎ = 2 ( 𝑟 − 𝑟)

Volume of the cylinder 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ

1 75 𝜋
𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 2 (2 ( 𝑟 − 𝑟)) = 2 (75𝑟 − 𝑟 3 )

𝜋
(ii) 𝑉 = 2 (75𝑟 − 𝑟 3 )
𝑑𝑉 𝜋
⇒ 𝑑𝑟
= 2 (75 − 3𝑟 2 )
𝑑𝑉 3𝜋
⇒ 𝑑𝑟
= 2
(25 − 𝑟2)
 (iii) (a)
𝑑𝑉
For maximum volume, 𝑑𝑟
=0
3𝜋
⇒ 2
(25 − 𝑟2) = 0
2
⇒ 𝑟 = 25
⇒𝑟=5 [∵ 𝑟 > 0]
𝑑2 𝑉 𝑑 𝜋 𝜋
= ( (75 − 3𝑟 2 )) = (−6𝑟) = −3𝜋𝑟
𝑑𝑟 2 𝑑𝑟 2 2
𝑑2 𝑉
For 𝑟 = 5; 𝑑𝑟 2 = −15𝜋 < 0
𝑑2 𝑉
i.e., 𝑑𝑟2 < 0, which implies 𝑉 is maximum at 𝑟 = 5.

OR

(b)
𝑑𝑉
For maximum volume =0
𝑑𝑟
𝜋
⇒ (75 − 3𝑟 2 ) = 0
2
2
⇒ 𝑟 = 25
⇒𝑟=5 [∵ 𝑟 > 0]
𝑑2 𝑉 𝑑 𝜋 𝜋
= ( (75 − 3𝑟 2 )) = (−6𝑟)
𝑑𝑟 2 𝑑𝑟 2 2
𝑑2 𝑉
For 𝑟 = 5; 𝑑𝑟 2 = −3𝜋𝑟 = −15𝜋 < 0
𝑑2 𝑉
i.e., 𝑑𝑟2 < 0, which implies 𝑉 is maximum at 𝑟 = 5.
1 75 1 75 1
Now, ℎ = 2 ( 𝑟 − 𝑟) = 2 ( 5 − 5) = 2 (15 − 5) = 5
From the observations we got ℎ = 𝑟.
So, ℎ > 𝑟 is false.

38. The use of electric vehicles will curb air pollution in the long run.
The use of electric vehicles is increasing every year and estimated electric vehicles in use at
any time 𝑡 is given by the function 𝑉:

1 5
𝑉(𝑡) = 5 𝑡 3 − 2 𝑡 2 + 25𝑡 − 2

where 𝑡 represents the time and 𝑡 = 1, 2, 3 … corresponds to year 2001, 2002, 2003, …
respectively.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions:

(i) Can the above function be used to estimate number of vehicles in the year 2000 ? Justify.

(ii) Prove that the function 𝑉(𝑡) is an increasing function.

Sol.
(i) Assuming 𝑡 = 0 corresponds to the year 2000
𝑉(0) = −2
The number of vehicles cannot be negative; hence the above function cannot be used to
estimate the number of vehicles in the year 2000.
(ii)
1 5
𝑉(𝑡) = 5 𝑡 3 − 2 𝑡 2 + 25𝑡 − 2

Differentiate w.r.t 𝑡

𝑑(𝑉(𝑡)) 3
𝑑𝑡
= 5 𝑡 2 − 5𝑡 + 25

𝑑(𝑉(𝑡)) 3 25 125
⇒ = (𝑡 2 − 𝑡 + )
𝑑𝑡 5 3 3

𝑑(𝑉(𝑡)) 3 25 2 875
⇒ 𝑑𝑡
= 5 ((𝑡 − 6
) + 36
)

𝑑(𝑉(𝑡))
∴ > 0 for all values of 𝑡.
𝑑𝑡

Hence, 𝑉(𝑡) is an increasing function.