MECHANICAL OPERATIONS

[Filtration]

Prepared By
Prof. Mayuri Prajapati
Department of Chemical Engineering
 Definition
• Filtration is the removal of solid particles from a fluid by passing the fluid
through a filtering medium, or septum, on which solids are deposited.

Terms used in Filtration:

Process of Filtration:

Pores of filter medium Filter medium(filter

Slurry is placed over the
are smaller than size of paper) is placed on a
filter medium
particles to be separate support (mesh)

Due to pressure
So solids are trapped on
Gravity is acting over the difference across the
the surface of the filter
liquid medium filter ,fluid flows through
medium.
the filter medium
• Fluid flows through a filter medium by virtue of a pressure differential
across the medium.
• Filters are also classified into those that operate with a pressure above
atmospheric on the upstream side of the filter medium and those that
operate with atmospheric pressure on the upstream side and a vacuum
on the downstream side.
• Pressure above atmospheric may be developed by the force of gravity
acting on a column of liquid, by a pump or blower, or by centrifugal
force.
FILTERS
Cake filters

Cross-flow filters
Clarifying filters
• Removes large • Removes small • Feed of
amount of solid. amount of solid. suspension flows
under pressure
at fairly high
velocity across
the filter
medium.
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Membrane Filter Press Plate
imported TPE elastomer and high intensity PP
 Types:
Horizontal Pressure Leaf Filters - utilize a horizontal tank, Vertical Pressure Leaf Filters - utilize a vertical tank,
vertical leaf configuration and maximize the filtration area vertical leaf configuration and minimize the footprint
Candle type Leaf filter
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016/06/Rotary-Drum-Filters.gif
Rotary drum Vaccum Filter
Horizontal belt filter
Top Suspended Basket Centrifuge
Automatic Batch Centrifuge
RECIPROCATING CONVEYOR CONTINUOUS CENTRIFUGE