CMM INSPECTION

MANUFACTURING PROCESS
18MHC301J

RA1911018010056
RA1911018010095
WHAT IS CMM
INSPECTION?
CMM (Coordinate Measuring Machines ) are industrial
inspection tools that measure the dimensional
accuracy of manufactured goods. CMM consists of
3-axis namely X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis. This machine may
be manually controlled by an operator or it may be
computer controlled. Measurement is done by the
prob attached to a third-moving axis. This probe
touches the part of the interest and allows collecting
discrete points on the object's surface.
WHY CMM
INSPECTION?
◦It is a crucial step in
monitoring production
quality to ensure large-
sized parts meet design
specifications for use in
critical applications
ROLE OF CMM
CMMs play an important role in many industries,
including;
o Aerospace
o Automotive
o Food processing
o Health care
o Paper
o Pharmaceuticals
o Plastics
o Research and development
o Semiconductor
CONSTRUCTION OF
CMM
◦ BASIC ELEMENTS OF CMM:

1. Rigid Mechanical Structures

2. Probing System
3. Control Unit
4. CMM Software
 1.Rigid Mechanical Structures

◦ It is a rigid structure and serves as a main operating unit that incorporates various guideways and
probing systems. It allows the movement of the sensor probe in the X-Y-Z direction to position it in
the required position on the component to be measured. The movements can be controlled either
by computer numerical control (CNC) or manually. Air bearings are provided for the liner motion
to reduce the vibration and effects caused during high speed and high acceleration conditions.
Thermally stable surfaces such as granite tables are used as bases for placing the part to be
measured.
◦ Based on the construction of the mechanical structure, different of CMMs are available
 TYPES OF CMM

1 2 3 4 5
BRIDGE TYPE CANTILEVER HORIZONTAL GANTRY COLUMN
CMM TYPE CMM ARM TYPE TYPE CMM TYPE
CMM
BRIDGE TYPE CMM
◦ Bridge CMMs are the first and most common type of
coordinate measuring machine. It is used for High accuracy
and moderate flexibility for medium-sized components.
Bridge-style CMMs are further divided into moveable
tables and moveable bridges. Bridge-style designs provide
very stable anchors for the measuring apparatus. They are
available as both fixed machines and portable units. Unlike
laboratory machines, these are usually hardened to stand up
to the conditions of the machine shop floor. However,
bridge-style CMMs are often limited to measuring small and
medium-sized parts which can be lifted and placed on the
table.

◦ ADVANTAGE: Reduce bending effect

◦ DISADVANTAGE: Effects the accuracy caused due to yawing
CANTILEVER TYPE CMM

◦ These are supported at only one point, which makes

them less rigid than styles that use two-point support. A
vertical probe moves in the z-axis, carried by a
cantilevered arm that moves in the y-axis, this arm also
moves laterally through the x-axis. These are generally
limited to measuring small parts, they have the
advantage of allowing the part to be accessed from
three sides, rather than just one or two.
◦ ADVANTAGE: a fixed table allows good accessibility to
the workpiece
◦ DISADVANTAGE: bending caused by the cantilever
design
HORIZONTAL ARM TYPE
CMM

o Also referred to as a layout machine.Has a moving arm,

and the probe is carried along the y-axis. These
machines are used to measure long, slender parts that
would otherwise be out of the range of the typical
CMM. They can use a variety of sensors depending on
the level of precision needed.
o ADVANTAGE: provides a large area, unobstructed work
area
o DISADVANTAGE: not accurate as other machines
GANTRY TYPE CMM

◦ The support of the workpiece is independent of the x

and y axis, both are overhead, supported by four vertical
columns rising from the floor. Gantry-style CMMs are
used for large products such as automobiles where the
floor itself can serve as a datum. These designs
eliminate the need to lift an article onto a table, so they
are useful for heavy machine parts
◦ ADVANTAGE: Utility makes them critical for machine
shops that churn out large and hefty parts.
◦ DISADVANTAGE: More expensive than others
COLUMN TYPE

◦ Often referred to as a universal measuring machine

instead of CMM.
◦ ADVANTAGE: Provides exceptional rigidity and
accuracy.
◦ DISADVANTAGE: These machines are usually reserved
for gage rooms rather than inspection
2. Probing System

◦ The measuring head of the CMM is incorporated with

the touch trigger probes to record the coordinates
(x,y,z) of the points where the probe touches the
component to be ensured. The stem of the probe is
made of tungsten, steel, ceramics and titanium whereas
the tip of the probe is made of ruby, silicon nitride and
zirconia. These probes are faster and more accurate in
measurement. For contact-type measurements,
optoelectronic sensors are used instead of touch trigger
probes.
3. CONTROL UNIT
◦ It controls the positioning of the probe
and movements of various spindles in x-y-
z directions. It collects data in the form of
measured point sets, which is an input for
CMM software for further calculations.
4. CMM SOFTWARE
◦ It is the operating system of CMM. It consists of various
types of application programs. This software enables the
CMM to do required calculations on the point sets and
this data is exchanged between the other equipment in
the CMM. Based on the type of industry, several
application software are available.
COORDINATE
SYSTEM
◦ ° A coordinate allows the CMM to locate
features on a workpiece relative to other
features. The coordinate system is like a three-
dimensional map, providing direction and
location. Each machine has a ‘home’ position
(an origin) and the x, y and z axes identify the
location that represents the machine
coordinate system (MCS). A manufactured past
can also have a part coordinate system (PCS)
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