Coordinate Measuring

Machine
•Coordinate measuring machines are mechanical
systems encompassing computing system,
measuring probe and software, and the machine
itself.

•Dimensional data is achieved by means of a CMM

probe, which maps the coordinates of the work
piece.

•CMMs are accurate, flexible, cost-effective,

reliable, and fast in operation compared to surface
plate techniques.
•CMMs are classified as either vertical or horizontal.
Vertical CMMs are sometimes referred to as bridge
models, while horizontal CMMs are occasionally
called cross-bar or cantilever models.

•CMM inspection programs are prepared and proved

out in advance of actual use just like the CNC part
programs that machine the parts.

•Axes movements in X, Y, and Z are similar to other

vertical and horizontal CNC equipment.
•During the automated workpiece inspection
process, part dimensions are recorded with the help
of the probe.

•Probes for coordinate measuring machines come in

a variety of makes and models to suit the specific
requirements of the inspection application.

•The CMM compares result measurements with the

previously input manufacturing tolerances allowed
for each dimension and conveys this information to
either the host or CMM local computer
The CMM computer is interfaced with the FMS host computer
for uploading and downloading inspection data and CMM part
programs

Primary functions of CMM computer are :

Control of graphical display and hard copy output of

measured data.
Storage and retrieval of measured data.
Determination of dimensional deviations
Transfer of dimensional data files to the host computer.
Generation of SPC data.
Storage of machine calibration data
Measurement comparison with test data parameters
Operation of the CMM through manual or part program
control
The following test items are carried out for CMM.
(i) Measurement accuracy
a. Axial length measuring accuracy
b. Volumetric length measuring accuracy

(ii)Axial motion accuracy

a. Linear displacement accuracy
b. Straightness
c. Perpendicularity
d. Pitch, Yaw and roll.

The axial length measuring accuracy is tested at the lowest

position of the Z-axis. The lengths tested are approximately
1/10, 1/5, 2/5, 3/5 and 4/5 of the measuring range of each axis
of CMM. Tile test is repeated five times for each measuring
length and results plotted and value of measuring accuracy is
derived.
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