9 Oct, Page04, GS2, Geopolitics

Why is this article important?

International Conflicts in News Background to

Direct topic of
Relations & a core topic for Conflict helps in
GS2
Geopolitics Prelims Mains Answers
 IMPORTANT DIMENSIONS
The world seems to be divided in solidarity amidst the conflict between Hamas Ruled Gaza Strip & Israel
IMPORTANT DIMENSIONS

What is HAMAS?

• Hamas, short for the Islamic Resistance Movement, is a Palestinian political

and militant organization that primarily operates in the Gaza Strip.
• Founded in the late 1980s, it is considered a terrorist organization by some
countries, including Israel and the United States.
• Involved in conflicts with Israel and seeks to establish an Islamic state in
historic Palestine, including present-day Israel.
 HISTORY OF INDIA’S STAND ON ISRAEL-PALESTINE CONFLICT

1947: Rejection of Idea of 2 Nation

• Nehru & Gandhi supported Palestinian Cause even though they shared
sympathy with Jews.
• Idea of 2 Nation Theory was Rejected – it was in sync with their opposition to
India’s Partition.

When the partition of Palestine plan was put to vote at the UN, India voted against, along with the Arab countries.

When Israel applied for admission to the UN, India again voted against.

Israel, however was recognized on September 17, 1950, after two Muslim-majority countries, Turkey and Iran did the same

1953: Israel allowed to open a consulate in Mumbai. But no Diplomatic Presence granted in New Delhi
 HISTORY OF INDIA’S STAND ON ISRAEL-PALESTINE CONFLICT

1960s: Relations with Palestine

• While India was one of the last non-Muslim states to recognise Israel, it became
the first non-Arab state to recognize the PLO.

Emergence of Palestine
Late 1960s & early 1970s
Liberation Organization
Representative of
Palestine People under
Yasser Arafat

Jan 10, 1975: PLO

India begins Engagement recognized as legitimate Independent Office at
with Al Fatah representative of the New Delhi Established Yasser Arafat
Palestinians
HISTORY OF INDIA’S STAND ON ISRAEL-PALESTINE CONFLICT
1980 under Indira Gandhi

• Mrs Gandhi came back with a thumping majority & continued her support to
the Palestinian struggle.
• India upgraded the PLO office to that of an embassy endowed with all
diplomatic immunities and privileges.

April 1984: Indira

March 1983, NAM Strong statement of Gandhi visited Assassinated 6
Summit solidarity for Palestine Arafat’s headquarters Months Later
in Tunis

December 1987 : India maintained

Arafat attended
Rajiv Gandhi Outbreak of the steadfast support to
funeral + Wept in
continued the policy Palestinian Intifada Palestine amidst Iron
Public
(uprising) in Gaza Fist Policy of Israel
 HISTORY OF INDIA’S STAND ON ISRAEL-PALESTINE CONFLICT
Criticism to India’s Support to Palestine

• Reasons:
• Arab countries’ neutral position during the 1962 India-China war
• Support to Pakistan during the 1965 and 1971 wars
• Israel helped India with arms and ammunition in the 1962 and 1965 wars.
Israeli Make Tavor-21
August 1990: Iraq’s invasion in Kuwait

• The PLO lost its political leverage on account of its support to Saddam Hussain.
• Soviet Union disintegrated, and this prompted India to make drastic changes in
its policy towards West Asia.

Full Diplomatic Ideological Hostility Emergence of BJP in

End of USSR
Relations with Israel against Israel 1990s reduced Anti-
weakened NAM
(Jan 1992) Reduced Israel Sentiment
 HISTORY OF INDIA’S STAND ON ISRAEL-PALESTINE CONFLICT
Convincing Arafat

• During his meeting with Prime Minister P V Narasimha Rao, he was told that India’s establishment
of a diplomatic relationship with Israel would be helpful for the Palestinian cause.

“Exchange of Ambassadors and recognition (of Israel) are acts of

sovereignty in which I cannot interfere…I respect any choice of
the Indian government”.

India’s interest with Israel

President
Handy during High Profile Modi’s 2017 Visited Saudi,
Mahmoud De-
1999 Kargil Visits in New Direct Visit to Iran, Qatar,
Abbas in May Hyphenation
Conflict Millenium Israel UAE
2017
 HISTORY OF INDIA’S STAND ON ISRAEL-PALESTINE CONFLICT
Contemporary Ties

• Deepened in security, defence, and connectivity with Israel, but also

with partners in West Asia — Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Qatar and Iran.

Importance of
West Asia

90 lakh-strong connectivity to more than 50%

Indian West Asia and of India’s energy
community Europe imports
 #CSLIVE

Q. Discuss the socio-economic significance of West Asia for India.

10 marks | 150 words
CSLIVE MAXIMUM Discount Code
Quick Revision PDF & Notes + Current Affair Program till validity

MAXIMUM Discount Code CSLIVE

 Quick Revision PDF & Notes + Current Affair Program till validity

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 Page19, GS2, Geopolitics

Why is this article important?

Factual
Direct topic of
Conflicts in News Terms in News Information for
GS2
Prelims
 IMPORTANT DIMENSIONS
Arabic Word for ‘Shake
off’

Uprising against Israeli

Presence in West Bank
and Gaza Strip

Edward Said 1989

Essay: “Intifada &
Edward Said Independence”

Against powerful
Uprising by
1st in 1987-1993 2nd 2000-2005 Israeli Settlers on
Palestinian Youth
Palestinian Land
 #CSLIVE

Q Identify correct statements in context of “Intifada” which was often seen in news:
1. It was first used by Palestinian-American Scholar Edward Said in his 1989 Essay: “Intifada &
Independence”.
2. It is an Arabic word that means ‘insurrection’.
Select the correct answer using codes given below:
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: B
Page19, GS2, Geopolitics | GS3, Security

Why is this article important?

Direct Prelims Factual

Direct topic of Geopolitics &
MCQ asked in Information &
GS2 Conflicts in News
2023 Mains Fodder
IMPORTANT DIMENSIONS
IMPORTANT DIMENSIONS

Can be used in intro of Essays like

“AN Eye for an Eye” will turn the
whole ‘World Blind’.
Economic Implications of Geopolitics – Watch
the Session for Full Discussion
Page17, GS3, Economy
“CSLIVE Group”