Group 12

Soc Sci 2:
PEACE AND
DEVELOPMENT
Israel-Palestine Conflict:
A Brief Overview
ORDOYO, TAN, TAPOT
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Table of contents

01 Israel vs Palestine 04 Gaza Strip and West Bank

02 Historical Background 05 International Involvement

03 Two State Solution 06 Humanitarian Concern

01 Israel vs Palestine
Overview of the conflict and understanding
historical context
 Introduction
The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is a protracted struggle over
territory and national identity, with roots in the late 19th
century. Key milestones include the Balfour Declaration, the
United Nations Partition Plan, and subsequent wars like the Six-
Day War. Peace efforts, notably the Oslo Accords, aimed at
establishing a two-state solution have faced obstacles, including
disputes over borders, settlements, the status of Jerusalem, and
the right of return for refugees. Ongoing tensions and periodic
outbreaks of violence underscore the complexity of achieving a
lasting resolution and the profound impact on the lives of
Israelis and Palestinians.
 Israel Palestine
Population: 9.4 million Population: 5.4 million
Military rank: 18th Military rank: -----
Land area: 22,145 km2 Land area: 6,020 km2
Events that caused conflict

● Historical claims
● Zionist movement
● Territorial disputes
● Status of Jerusalem
● Nationalist aspirations
● Religious and cultural identity
𝐉𝐔𝐒𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐄!
7 thousand
Approximate number of children who lost their lives and making it
the most deadliest war for children in modern times
“Darkness cannot drive out darkness: only light
can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate: only
love can do that.”

― Martin Luther King Jr.

 02
Historical Background
Ancient history and cultural ties
 Jerusalem
● One of the oldest cities in the world
● Considered pilgrimage by Christians, Jews and Muslims
● Jesus Christ spent his adulthood
● The Bible mentioned Jerusalem 800 times
● Place where Prophet Mohammad visited according to Quran
● To Jews, it is where their first temple was established
● Christians have issues with the Jews before
● 19th century, Jews created their own country
● A lot of Jewish people migrated to Palestine ruled by the Ottoman
empire
● During WWI, the Ottoman Empire was defeated by the British and
took over Palestine
● 1933, Adolf Hitler killed almost 6 million Jews under his power
● British got defeated during WWII and left Palestine
● Palestinians and Jews fought to claim the place
● Christians, Muslims, and Jews fighting for Jerusalem
● UN decided to take Jerusalem under international control
● Jews created Israel in 1948
● The first Arab-Israeli War of 1948, Egypt, Syria, Jordan and
Palestine against Israel war
Two State Solution
Ancient history and cultural ties 03
● The United Nations adopted a partition plan for Palestine in 1947
that would have created two states, one Arab and one Jewish, with
international control of Jerusalem
● In 1993 the Israeli government and the
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) agreed on a plan to
implement a two-state solution
● A first attempt at partitioning the land in 1948 resulted in an Israeli
state but no Palestinian state, and the West Bank and Gaza Strip
fell under Jordanian and Egyptian rule
● Israel took control of the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, including
East Jerusalem, as the Egyptian and Jordanian armies retreated
● In 1979 the territory was returned to Egypt as part of a
comprehensive peace agreement known as the
Camp David Accords
● In 1993 Israel, led by Rabin’s foreign minister Shimon Peres, held
a series of negotiations with the PLO, the implementation of Two
State Solution
 04
Gaza Strip and West Bank
Ancient history and cultural ties
● Egypt took over Gaza Strip while Jordan took over the West Bank
● These two Arab countries helped Palestine against Israel but they
somehow took over some Palestinian land
● Palestinians became refugees in their own land
● They created the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in 1964
to claim their country and destroy Israel
● The 2nd Arab-Israeli war started when Israeli air force attacked
Egyptian air force on 1967
● Israel got a huge part of land during that war, the Gaza Strip, West
Bank, Golon Heights and a big part of Sinai from Egypt
● In October of 1973, the Arab coalition surprisingly attacked Israel
● And exactly after 50 years in the same day of 2023, the Hamas
surprisingly attacked again Israel
● In 1974, UN recognized PLO as the representative of Palestine
● Egypt had a peace treaty with Israel in 1979, in return, Israel gave
back the land of Sinai
● In 1993, the Prime Minister of Israel gave the Gaza Strip and West
Bank to Palestine for them to live
● Hamas group was created to fight against the Israeli in 1987
● Hamas is not only against Israel but also to PLO
● In 2006, PLO was defeated in an election by the Hamas, and it
started a civil war
● In 2007, Hamas took over power in Gaza while PLO controls West
Bank
● PLO is recognized as the Palestinian government while Hamas is a
terrorist group
 05
International Involvement
Ancient history and cultural ties
United Nations (UN): The UN has been involved in the
Israel-Palestine conflict since its early days. The partition
plan of 1947 proposed dividing Palestine into separate
Jewish and Arab states, leading to the establishment of the
State of Israel in 1948. The UN has since been engaged in
numerous peacekeeping efforts, resolutions, and initiatives
to address the ongoing conflict
International Recognition: The recognition of
Israel as a state and the establishment of diplomatic
relations have varied among countries. Some
nations recognized Israel soon after its creation,
while others did so later or have yet to do so. The
recognition of a Palestinian state has also been a
subject of international debate
Peace Process: Various international initiatives
have sought to mediate and facilitate a peace
process between Israel and the Palestinians. The
Oslo Accords in the 1990s marked a significant
attempt at achieving a two-state solution, but
progress has been slow and inconsistent.
United States: The United States has traditionally
played a crucial role in the Israel-Palestine conflict.
It has been a key ally of Israel, providing military
and economic aid. The U.S. has also been involved
in diplomatic efforts, often serving as a mediator,
although its approach has shifted under different
administrations.
European Union (EU): The EU has been actively
involved in diplomatic efforts and has advocated for
a two-state solution. EU member states often
provide financial aid to the Palestinians and have
called for a peaceful resolution to the conflict.
Arab States: Arab countries, as a collective and
individually, have been involved in the Israel-Palestine
conflict. They have supported the Palestinian cause
politically and financially, and their stance has evolved
over the years. The Arab Peace Initiative, first proposed
in 2002, outlines a framework for normalizing relations
between Israel and Arab states in exchange for a
resolution to the conflict.
 Humanitarian Concern
06
Overview of the conflict and understanding
historical context
Displacement and Refugees: The conflict has
resulted in the displacement of a large number of
Palestinians, both internally within the occupied
territories and externally as refugees. Many
Palestinians live in refugee camps in neighboring
countries, facing challenging living conditions and
limited opportunities.
Civilian Casualties: The conflict has led to the loss
of civilian lives on both sides. Military operations,
airstrikes, and other forms of violence have
sometimes resulted in unintended civilian
casualties, raising concerns about the protection of
civilians and adherence to international
humanitarian law.
Access to Healthcare and Education: Ongoing
conflict disrupts access to essential services,
including healthcare and education. Hospitals and
schools have been damaged or destroyed, and
restrictions on movement can impede the ability of
civilians to access medical care and education.
Infrastructure Damage: The conflict has resulted
in damage to critical infrastructure, including water
and sanitation facilities, electricity grids, and
transportation networks. This damage affects the
daily lives of civilians and hampers the ability to
provide essential services.
Psychosocial Impact: The protracted nature of the
conflict, along with the persistent insecurity and
violence, has had a profound psychosocial impact
on the population, especially children. Many
individuals, including children, experience trauma,
anxiety, and stress as a result of the ongoing
conflict.
 Group 12

Thanks!
ORDOYO, TAN, TAPOT