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I
 THE
CHRONOLOGY
O F

ANCIENT KINGDOMS
AMENDED.
» l

To which is Prefix’d,

A Short Chronicle from the Firft

Memory of Things in Europe, to the Conqueji

of Perfia by Alexander the Great.

By Sir ISAAC NEWTON.

’

‘ . 4 V "
.

LONDON:
Printed for J.Tonson in the Strand, and J. Osborn
and T. Longman in ‘Pater-nofer Row.
MDCC XXVIII."
 ADAM,
AS I could never hope to write

any thing my felfi worthy to be laid

A 2 before
 T-

[>]•
before TOUR M A JE S 7 T; /
think it a very great happinefs,
that it jhould be my lot to ujher in-
to the worlds under Tour Sacred
Name-, the lajl work of as great a
Genius as c ty Age ever produced :
an Offering of fuch value in its

felfi as danger of fuffer

to be in no

ing from the meannefs of the hand

that prefents it.

•
•

The impartial and univerfal en-

couragement which TOUR MA-
f ESI T has always given to Arts
and Sciences , entitles Tou to the befi
returns the learned world is able
to make: And the many extraordi-
nary Honours TOUR ST MAJE
vouchfafed the Author of the follow-
ing
 |

[ V ]

ingjheetsi give Ton a juft right to

his Productions. 7hefe> above the

reft-, lay the moft particular claim
to Tour Royal Protection ; For the
Chronology had never appeared in
its prefent Form without TOUR
M A JEST Vs Influence ; and
the Short Chronicle, which precedes
itt is entirely owing to the Com-
mands with which Tou were pleaf-
ed to honour himt out of your
flngular Care for the education of
the Royal Ifluet and earnefl defire
to form their minds betimest and
lead them early into the knowledge
of Truth.
L, 4
\ • ,
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*
v- ,»t "AC-w '
*
v
*.
- . i <•
f
I
- > \ \ *
;

^
.

1
* * j. *
* V

The Author has himfelf acquaint-

ed the Publick, that the following
Treatife
 ,,

[ vi ]

Treatife was the fruit of his va-

cant hours, and the relief he fome-
times had recourfe to, when tired
with his other fiudies. What an
Idea does it raife of His abilities,

to find that a Work of fuch labour

and learning-, as would have been
a fujficient employment and glory
for the whole life of another, was
to him diverfion only-, and amufe-
mentl 7 he Sub]ell is in its naturd
incapable of that demonfiration upon
which his other writings are founded *

but his ufual accuracy and judiciouf-

nefs are here no lefs obfervable And
;
at the fame time that he fupports
bis jugge(lions-, with all the Autho-
rities and proofs that the whole
comp ofs of Science can
furnijh ,

he
 -\

[ 3

he offers them with the iffeat eft cau-

tion ; And by a Modefly that was
natural to Him and always accom-
panies Juch fuperior talents? Jets a
becoming example to others, not to
be too prejumptuous in matters fo
remote and dark. 1 ho' the SubjeB be
only Chronology? yet-, as the mind
of the Author abounded with the \

moft extenfive 'variety oj Knowledge?

he frequently interfperfes Obfervati
ons of a different kind ; and occaft-
onally inftills principles of Virtue and
Humanity? which feem to have been
always uppermofl in his hearty and
as they were the Conftant Rule of his
aBions? appear Remarkably in all

his writings. r s

Here
\r [vi«]
Here TO UR MAJESTT will
fee Aftronomy? and a jufl Obferna-
tion on the courfeof Nature9 aJJijl-
ing other parts of Learning to illu-
/

fir ate Antiquity ; and a Penetration

and Sagacity peculiar to the great
Authory difpelling that Mifly with
which Fable and Error had darken-
ed it; and will with pleafure con-
template the firfl dawnings of Tour
favourite Arts and Sciences, the no-
blefi and mofi beneficial of which
He a few
alone carried farther in
yearsy than all the mofi Learned
who went before himy had been able
to do in many Ages Here too?
.

MADA My Tou will obfervey that

an Abhorrence of Idolatry and Per-
fection (the very effence and foun -
*
I
 ;

[ ix ] ”
|jj
dation of that Religion-, 'which
makes
fo bright a part of TO UR MA-'
JESTT’s charabler) was one of
the car hell Laws of the IDivine Le-
giflator, the Morality of the firlt
Ages, and the primitive Religion
of both Jews and Chriftians and,
;
as the Author adds, ought to
be
the Handing Religion of all Na-
tions; it being for the honour of
God, and good of Mankind. Nor
will YOUR MAJESTY be dif-
pleafed to
find his fentiments fo a-
greeable to Tour own, whilfi he con-
demns all oppreffion ; and every
kind of cruelty, even to brute beafts
and, with fo much warmth, inculcates
Mercy, Charity, and the indifpen-
fable duty of doing good, and pro-
 ; N

r l x ] •

moting the general welfare of man-

kind: Thofe great ends, for which
Government was firft infiituted>

to which alone it is

this happy Nation-, under a KI G>

who dijlinguijhed himfelf early in op~

Tyranny which threat«

and chufes to reign in
the hearts of his fuhjeBs ; Who , by
his innate Benevolence, and Pater~

x r
and?
his

mind which
> is the darling quality
of this Nation5 is become more con-
fpicums> by being placed upon the
AK: v Throne ;
 ,

[xi]
Throne ; w fee, with Pride
OUR SOVEREIGN the mofi
eminent for a Virtue, by which our
country is fo deftrous to be dift'm.
guifhed. A Prince ; whofe views and
heart are above all the mean arts of
Difguife-j isfar out of the reach of any
temptation to introduce Blindnefs and
Ignorance. And-, as HIS MAJE-
STT is, by his incejfantperfonal cares,
difpenfing Happinefs at home, and
Peace abroad; Ton, MADAM,
lead us on by Tour great Example to
the moft noble ufe of that Quiet and
Eafe, which we enjoy under His Ad -

nunifiration, whiljl all Tour hours of

leifure are employed in cultivating in
Tour Self T hat Learning, which Tou
fo warmly patronize in Others.
a a TOUR
 [ xii ]

TOUR MAJESTY does not

think the inftruBhe Purfuity an en-

tertainment below Tour exalted Sta-
tion ;
and are Tour Self a proof that
the abjlrufer parts of it are not be-
yond the reach of Tour Sex Nor does .

this Study end in barren fpeculation ;

It difco'ders itfelf in a fieady attach-

ment to true Religion ; in Liberalityr

Beneficence> and all thofe amiable

JArtuesy which increafe and heighten
of a Throney at thefame
the Felicities
time that they blefs All around it.
Thusy MADA My to enjoy, together

with the highefiftate ofpublick Splen-

dor and Dignity y all the retired Plea-
 -

[ xii i 1
The good Effects of this Love of
knowledge, will not flop with the
prefent Age ; It will diffufe its Influ*

ence with advantage to late Pofle

rity : And what may we not antici-

pate in our minds for the Generati-
ons to come under a Royal Progeny,

fo defc ended? fo educated> and formed

by fuch Patterns ^ «
The glorious ProfpeB gives us
abundant reafon to hope-> that Li-
berty and Learning will be perpe-
tuated together ; and that the bright
Examples of Virtue and Wifdom$
fet in this Reign by the Royal Pa-
trons of Both5 will be tranfmitted
with the Scepter to their Poflerity,

till this and the other Works of

 [ xiv ] .

Sir ISAAC NEW TON {hall

be forgot, and Time it felf be no
more : Which is the mofl fineere and
ardent <wifh of / J [j

MAD AM,

May it pleafe YOUR MAJESTY,

YOUR MAJESTY’S

moft obedient

and moft dutiful

fubjc£l and fervant.

'
•,)'
}

John Conduitt .
 ??

—
.
mm
.

* .
- •

*3 *

THE
\ . / • .
•
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V

# s

c o T E T S
A 5to from the frjl Me-
Chronicle
mory of Things in Europe, to the
Conqueji of Perfia hy Alexander the
Great.
,

' P aSc *

The Chronology of Ancient King-

doms amended.
Chap. L Of the Chronology of , the Firjl
Ages of the Greeks. P’ 45
^
Chap. II. Of the Empire of Egypt. p. 1 5? 1
- /

Chap. III. Of Aflyrian Empire. p. x 6 ^

Chap. IV. Of the two Contemporary

^
Empires of the Babylonians andy p. 2 5*4
. Medes. .

}'
v
.

Chap. V. ^
Defection of the Temple
z
P* 3 5
of Solomon. g
Chap. VI. Of the Empire of the Perfians. p. 3 47

Adver-
 -.

Advertifement.

HO' The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms

amended, was writ by the Author many years
fince ; yet he lately revis'd it , and was actually pre-
paring it for the Prefs at the time of his death
But The Short Chronicle was never intended to
be made public, and therefore was not fo lately cor
reeled by him. To this the Reader mujl impute it,
if he jhall find any places where the Short Chroni-
cle does not accurately agree with the Dates af-
figned in the larger "Piece. The Sixth Chapter was
not copied out with the other Five, which makes
it doubtful whether he intended to print it : but be-
ing found among his Papers , and evidently appear-
ing to be a Continuation of the fame JVork, and fas
fuch) abridg'd in the Short- Chronicle ; it was
thought proper to be added.
Had the Great Author him/elf liv'd to publijh
this Work , there would have been no occafion for
this Advertifement ; But as it is, the Reader is de-
fined to allow for fuch imperfections as are infepa-
rable from Pofihumous Pieces ; and, in fo great a
number of proper names , to excufe fome errors of
the Pre/s that have efcaped. The following ones*,
'tis hoped, are the mofl confiderable : viz.

P. 34. 1. 13. fpr Pelofiris, read Petojiris.

P. 64. 1. 2.9. for Appioa, read Appian.
P. 103. 1. 20. for Crete , read Sicily.
P. 106. 1. 1. for Alymnus read Atymnus.
,
P. 138. 1 22. for Peleus read Pelops.
.
,

\ A
 A SHORT

*
C H RON I C L E
V FROM THE
Firft Memory of Things in Europe*

TO THE
Conqueft of Perfta by Alexander the Great.

The INTRODUCTION.
H E Greek Antiquities are full of
Poetical Fi&ions, becaufe the Greeks
wrote nothing in Profe, before the
Conqueft of Ajia by Cyrus the Perfian.
Then Pherecydes Scyrius and Cadmus MileRus
introduced the writing in Profe. Pherecydes,
Athenienfis, about the end of the Reign of Darius
Hyflafps> wrote of Antiquities, and digefted his
B work
 , ;

a 7he IntroduB'wn.
work by Genealogies, and was reckoned one
of the bed: Genealogers. Epimenides the Hiftorian
proceeded alfo by Genealogies ; and Hellanicus,
who was twelve years older than Herodotus, di-
> gefted his Hiftory by the Ages or Succeftions of
the Prieftefl'es of Juno Argil) a. Others digefted
theirs by the Kings of the Lacedemonians, or Ar-
chons of Athens. Hippias the Elean, about thirty
years before the fall of the Perjian Empire, pub-
lifhed a breviary or lift of the Olympic Vidors
and about ten years before the fall thereof^
Ephorus the difciple of lfocrates formed a Chro-
nological Hiftory of Greece, beginning with the
return of the Heraclides into Peloponnefus, and
ending with the fiege of Perinthus, in the
twentieth year of Philip the father of Alexander
* the great But he digefted things by Genera-
.*

tions, and the reckoning by Olympiads was not

yet in uie, nor doth it appear that the Reigns of
Kings were yet ftt down by numbers of years,,.
The Arundelian marbles were compoftd jfixty
years after the death of Alexander the great {An.
4. Olymp. 128.) and yet mention not the Olym-
piads But in the next Olympiad, Timms Sicu-
:

lus publiflied an hiftory in ftveral books down

t-o his own times, according to the Olympiads,

comparing the Ephori, the Kings of Sparta, the

Arcnonsof Athens and the Priefteftes of Argos,.
with,
 :

The Introduction.
with the Olympic Vidors, fo as to make the
Olympiads, and the Genealogies and Succellions
of Kings, Archons, and Priefteffes, and poeti-
cal hiftories fuit with one another, according to
the beft of his judgment. And where he left,
off, Polybius began and carried on the hiftory.

So then a little after the death of Alexander

the great, they began to fet down the Generations,
Reigns and Succellions, in numbers of years, and
by putting Reigns and Succellions equipollent to
Generations, and three Generations to an hundred
or an hundred and twenty years (as appears by
their Chronology) they have made the Antiquities
of Greece three or four hundred years older than
the truth. And was the original of the
this
Technical Chronology of the Greeks. Eratajlhenes
wrote about an hundred years after the death of
Alexander the great He was followed by Apol-
:

lo dorm, and thefe two have been followed

ever
iince by Chronologers.
But how uncertain their Chronology is, and
how doubtful was reputed by the Greeks of
it :

thole times, may be under-flood by thefe paf

fages of Plutarch Some reckon, faith he, a Ly- a
. tJ}e

Lycursus
curgus contemporary to Iphitus, and to haw been ^ -

his companion in ordering the Olympic fejlivals

amongjl ‘whom was Ariftotle the Philo fopher, argu-
ing from the Olympic J)ifc which had the name
, of
B a Lycurgus
 s -

7be Introduction.
Lycurgus upon it. Others fupputing the times by the
fuccejjion of the Kings of the Lacedemonians, as Era-
toflhenes and Apollodorus, affirm that he 'was not
a fe<w years older than the firfl Olympiad. Firfl

Ariflotle and fome others made him as old as

the Olympiad then Eratoflhenes, Apollodo-
firfl ;

rusy and fome others made him above an hun-

dred years older and in another place Plutarch
:

b
tells usThe congrefs of Solon with Crccfus,
:

fome think they can confute by Chronology. But an

-
hi/lory fo illuflriousy and 'verified by fo many wit

neffeSy and (whichmore ) fo agreeable to the

is

manners of Solon, and fo worthy of the greatnefs

I cannot perfuade
of his mind and of his wifdom,
my felf rejeB becaufe of fome Chronological Ca-
to

nons 3 as they call them which hundreds of authors

:

correBingy have not yet been able to confitute any

thing certain, in which they could agree among them
felvesy about repugnancies. It feems the Chrono-
logers had made the Legiflature of Solon too
ancient to confifl with that Congrefs.
For reconciling fuch repugnancies, Chronolo-
gers have fometimes doubled the perfons of
men. So when the Poets had changed Io the
daughter of Inachus into the Egyptian Ifls3
Chronologers made her husband Oflris or Bac-
chus and his miflrefs Ariadne as old as Io3 and
fo feigned that there were two Ariadne } one

the
 , , , , ;

The Introduction, $
4 * * *•’*%*•
the miftrefs of Bacchus and the other the mi-
ftrefs of Thefeus and two Minos’s their fathers,
and a younger lo the daughter of Jafus wri-
ting Jafus corruptly for Inachus. And fo they
have made two Pandions and two Erechtheus’s
giving the name of Erechthonius to the hr ft
Homer calls the firft, Erechtheus : and by fuch
corruptions they have exceedingly perplexed An-
cient Hiftory.
And as for the Chronology of. the Lathes,
that is ftill more uncertain. Plutarch reprefents
great uncertainties in the Originals of Pome :
and fo doth Serwius. The old records of the
Lathes were burnt by the Gauls, fixty and four
years before the death of Alexander the great
and Quintus Fahius PiUor, the oldeft hiftorian of
the Lathes, lived an hundred years later than that
King.
In Sacred Hiftory, the Ajjyrian Empire began
with Pul and Tiglathpilafer, and lafted about
170 years. And accordingly Herodotus hath
made Semiramis only five generations, or about
1 years older than Nitocris, the mother of the
laft King of Babylon. But Ctefias hath made
Semiramis 1500 years older than Nitocris, and
feigned a long of Kings of Ajjyria,
feries whofe
names are not Ajjyrian, nor have any affinity
with the Ajjyrian names in Scripture.
The
 The IntroduBion.
The Pricfts of Egypt told Herodotus, that
Menes
built Memphis and the fomptuous temple of
Vulcan, in that City and that Rhampfinitus,
:

Mxris, Afychis and Pfammiticus added magnifi-

cent porticos to that temple. And it is not
likely that Memphis could be famous, before
Homers days who doth not mention it, or that
a temple could be above two or three hundred
years in building. The Reign of Pfammiticus
began about 655 years before Chrift, and I
place the founding of this temple by Menes a-
bout zj7 years earlier: but the Priefts of
Egypt had fo magnified their Antiquities before
the days of Herodotus , as to tell him that from
Menes to Maris (who reigned zoo years before
Pfammiticus) there were 3 3 o Kings, whole Reigns
took up as many Ages, that is eleven thoufand
years, and had filled up the interval with feign-
ed Kings, who had done nothing. And before
the days of Diodorus Siculus they had railed their
Antiquities fo much higher, as to place fix,
eight, or ten new Reigns of Kings between thofe
Kings, whom they had reprefented to Herodotus to
focceed one another immediately.
In the Kingdom of Sicyon, Chronologers
have
Apis Epaphus or Epopeus into two
fplit
Kino-s
whom they call Apis and Epopeus, and between
them have inferted eleven or twelve
feigned
names
 W
The Introdu&ion. t
names of Kings who did nothing, and thereby
they have made its Founder /E^ialeus, three hun-
dred years older than his brother Phoroneus.
Some have made the Kings of Germany as old as
die Flood : and yet before the ufe of letters,
the names and adions of men could fearce be
remembred above eighty or an hundred years
after their deaths and therefore I admit no Chro-
:

nology of things done in Europe, above eighty

years before Cadmus brought letters into Europe y
none, of things done in Germany, before the rife
of Roman Empire.
Now fence Eratojlhenes and Apollodorus com- ''

puted the times by the Reigns of the Kings of

Sparta, and (as appears by their Chronology ft ill
followed) have made, the feventeen Reigns of
thefe Kings in both Races, between the Return of
the Heraclides into Peloponnefus and the Battel of
Thermopylae, take up 6 1 z years, which is after the
rate of 3 6 ? years to a Reign, and yet a Race of
feventeen Kings of that length is no where to be
met with in all true Hiftory, and Kings at a mo-
derate reckoning Reign but 18 or 10 years .

a-piece one with another: I have ftated the time

of the return of the Heraclides by the laft way
of reckoning, placing it about 3 40 years before
the Battel of Thermopylae. And making the Ta-
king of Troy eighty years older than that Return,-

4 accord-
 :

The IntroduBion.
according to Thucydides, and the Argonaut ic Ex-*
pedition a Generation older than the Trojan W
ar,

and the Wars of Sefojlris in Thrace and death of

older
Ino the daughter of Cadmus a Generation
than that Expedition :l have drawn up the fol-

°
lowing Chronological Table, fo as to make Chro-
nology fuit with the Courfe of Nature, with
Aftronomy, with Sacred Hiftory, with Herodotus
without
the Father of Hiftory, and with it felf ;
the many repugnancies complained of
by Plu-
tarch. do not pretend to be exa6t to a year
I
years, and
there may be Errors of five or ten
fometimes twenty, and not much above.

A Jhort
 [9 3

A SHORT
CHRONICLE
FROM THE
Firft Memory of things in Europe to
the Conqueft of Perfia by Alexanc^r
the great.

The Times are fet down in years. before Chrijl.

T HE Canaanites
tired in great
who fled from Jojhua,
numbers into Egypt, and
there conquered Timaus, Thamus, or Thammuz
re-

King of the lower Egypt, and reigned there un-

der their Kings Salatis, Boson, Apachnas, Apophis,
Janias, Affis, &c. untill the days of Eli and Sa-
muel. They fed on flelh, and facrificed men
after the manner of the Phoenicians, and were
called Shepherds by the Egyptians who lived only
,

on the fruits of the earth, and abominated flefli-

eaters. The upper parts of Egypt were in thole
days under many Kings, Reigning at Coptos, Thebes,
C This,
 ,

A Short Chronicle.
7th, and other Places, which by
Elephant is,
con-
quering one another grew by degrees into
one
Kingdom, over. which Mifphragmuthofis Reined
b
in the days of Eli.
In the year before Chrift 11x5 Mephres Rein-
ed over the upper Egypt from Syene to Heli-
opolis,and his Succelfor Mifphragmuthofis made
a lading war upon the Shepherds foon after, and
caufed many of them to fly into Palefiine, Idu-
waa, Syria, and Libya and under Lelex
•
,

AEzeus, Inachus , Pelafgus, AEolus the firft, Ce~

crops, and other Captains, into Greece. Before

thole days Greece and all Europe was peopled by
wandring Cimmerians, and Scythians from the
backfide of the Euxine Sea who lived a ram-
bling wild fort of life, like the Tartars in the
northern parts of Afia. Of their Race was
Ogyges, in whole days thele Egyptian ftrangers
came into Greece. The reft of the Shepherds
were lliut up by Mifphragmuthofis ,
in a part of
the lower Egypt called Aharis or Pelufium.
In the year 1100 the Philifiims, ftrengthned
by the accels of the Shepherds, conquer Ifrael,
and take the Ark. Samuel judges Ifrael.
1085. Hamon the Ion of Pelafms Reio-ns in
b
Theffaly.
1080. Lycaon the Ion of Pelafgus builds Ly-
cofura Phoroneus the Ion of Inachus, Phoronicum,
j

4
afterward*
 .

A Short Chronicle. ii
afterwards called Argos *, ALgialeus the brother
of Phoroneus and {on of Inachus, ALgialetm, after-
wards called Sicyon: and thele were the oldeft
towns in Pelopormefus ’Till then they built on-
ly fingle houfes fcattered up and down in the
fields. About the fame time Cecrops built Ce-
cropia in Attica, afterwards called Athens and ;

Eleujine, the Ion of Ogyges, built Eleufls. And

thefe towns gave a beginning to the Kingdoms
of the Arcadians, Argives, Sicyons, Athenians,
Eleuflnians, 8cc. Deucalion flourifhes. .

1070. Amofls, or Tethmojis, the fucceflor of

Miflphragmuthofls, abolifhes the Phoenician cuftom
in Heliopolis of lacrificing men, and drives the
Shepherds out of Aharis. By their accels the
Philiflims become fo numerous, as to bring into
the field againft Saul 30000 chariots, 60 qo
horfemen, and people as the land on the lea
fhore for multitude. Alas, the father of Acrifltts
and Prcetus, comes from Egypt-
1069. Saul is made King of Ifrael, and by
the hand of Jonathan gets a great victory over
the Philiflims. Eurotas the {on of Lelex, and
Lacedamon who married Sparta the daughter of
Eurotas, Reign in Laconia, and build Sparta.
1060. Samuel dies.
105*). David made King.

C 2. 1048. The

t
 A Short 6 HRONICLE.
c 4 8•
1
The Edomites are conquered and dip
pcrfcd by David, and fbme of them fly into
Egypt with their young King Hadad. Others
fly to the Perjtan Gulph with their Commander
Oannes-, and others from the Red Sea to
the
\?oafl of the Mediterranean, and fortify Azoth
againft David, and take Zidon and the Zido- \

nians who fled from them buiid Tyre and Ara-

dus, and make AbibaJus King of Tyre. Thefe
Edomites carry to all places their Arts and Sci-
ences amongil which were their Navigation,
}

Aftronomy, and Letters for in Idumaa they

$

had Constellations and Letters before the days

of Job, who mentions them and there Mofes :

learnt to write the Law in a book. Thefe « E-

-

domites who fled to the Mediterranean, translat-

ing the word Erythraa into that of Phoenicia,
give the name of Phoenicians to themlelves,
and of Phoenicia to all the fea-coafts of
that
Palejline from Azoth to Zidon. And hence
came the tradition of the Perjians, and of the
Phoenicians themfelves, mentioned by Herodotus,
that the. Phoenicians came originally from the
Red Sea, and prefently undertook long voyages
on the Mediterranean.
1 047. Acrijius marries Eurydice the daughter
,
of hacedamon and Sparta. The Phoenician
mari-
ners who fled from the Red Sea, being
iifed to
•
‘f

lone
 , ,

A Short 0SRONICLE.
Jong voyages for the fake of traffic, begin the
like voyages on the Mediterranean from Zidoiiu
and failing as far as Greece carry away Io the
daughter of Inachus who with other Grecian wo-
men came to their fliips to buy their merchan-
dize. The Greek Seas begin to be infefted with*
Pyrates. r ;

1046'. The of Zobah and Damafcus

Syrians
are conquered by David. NyBimus, the {on of
Lycaon, reigns in Arcadia. Deucalion (till alive.

1045. Many of and Syrians

the Phoenicians
fleeing from Zidon and from David, come under
the conduct of Cadmus Cilix, Phanix, Memhlia-
,

rius, NyBeus, Thafus, Atymnus , and other Cap-

tains, into Afia minor, Crete, Greece, and Libya ;

and introduce Letters, Mufic, Poetry, the OBae-

teris, Metals and their Fabrication, and other Arts,

Sciences and Cufloms of the Phoenicians. At

this time Cranaus the fucceflor of Ce crops Reigned

in Attica and in his Reign and the beginning

,

of theReign of NyBimus, the Greeks place the

flood of Deucalion. This flood was fucceeded by
four Ages or Generations of men, in the firffc of
which Chiron the fon of Saturn and Philyra was
born, and the lad of which according to Hejiod
ended with the Trojan W
ar and fo places the De-
}

ftru&ion of Troy four Generations or about 401

years later than that flood, and the coming

; of

/
 y ,

A Short Chronicle.
of Cadmus, reckoning with the ancients three
Generations to an hunched years. With thefe Phot -
mcians came a fort of men skilled in the Reiiai-
ous Myftcries, Arts, and Sciences of Phoenicia and
fettled in foveral places under the names of
Cu-
retesy and Tdati Daffyli.
Coryhantcfy Telchhies,
1043. He Hetty the fon of Deucalion and father
of /EolttSy Xuthusy and Dorus, flourishes.
1035. Ereffhetis Reigns in Attica. ALthlmsy
the grandfon of Deucalion and father of Endy-
mioTiy builds Elis, The Idai Dactyli find out Iron
in mount Ida in Cretey and work it into armour
and iron and thereby give a beginning to
tools,
the trades of fmiths and armourers 111 Europe
j

and by finging and dancing in their armour, and

keeping time by (hiking upon one another’s ar-
mour with their (words, bring in Mufic
they
and Poetry; and at the fame time they nurfo
up the Cretan Jupiter in of the fame
a cave
mountain, dancing about him in their armour.
1034. Ammon Reigns in Egypt. He conquer-
ed Libya, and reduced that people from a wan-
dering (avage life to a and taught
civil one,
them to lay up the fruits of the earth and
;

from him Libya and the defert above it were

anciently called Ammonia. He was the fir If
that
built long and tall iliips with fails, and
had* a
fleet of fuch (hips on die Red Sea
, and another
on
 :

A Short Chronicle.
• >

on the Mediterranean at Irafa in Libya. ’Till

then
they ufeti fmall and round velfels of burden,
in-
vented on the Red Sea , and kept within fight
of
the fliore. For enabling them to crofs the leas
without feeing the fliore, the Eg plans be^an in
y
his days to oblerve the Stars and from this beo-in-*
:

ning Aftronomy and Sailing had their rile. Hi-

therto the Lunilolar year had been in ule but this :

year being of an uncertain length, and fo, unfit

for Aftronomy, in his days and in the days
of
his Ions and grandlons, by obferving the Helia-
cal Rifings and Setting of the Stars, they found
the length of the Solar year, and made it con-
fift of five days more than the twelve calendar

months of the old Lunilolar year. Crenfa the

daughter of Erechtheus marries Xutlous the fon of
Hellen. Erechtheus having firft celebrated the
Eanathemea joins horfes to a chariot. ALginar
the daughter of Afopus, and mother of JEacus
,
born.
1030. Ceres a woman of Sicily , in leeking*
her daughter who was comes into At-
ftolen,
tica, ana there teaches the Greeks to low corn

for which Benefa&ion fhe was Deified after

death, She firft taught the Art to Triptolemus
the young fon of Celeus King of Eleujis.
1018. Oenotrus the youngeft Ion of Lycao//,
the Jams of the Latines , led the firft Colony
of
 , , , ,

A Short Chronicle.
of Grech into Italy, and there taught them to
build houics. Perfeus born.
loio. Areas, the fon of Callijlo and grand-
fon of Lycaon and Eumelus the firft King of
Achaia receive bread-corn from Triptolemus.
• i o 1 5?. Solomon Reigns, and marries the daugh-

ter of Ammon , and by means of this affinity is

fupplied with horfes from Egypt-, and his mer-
chants alfo bring horfes from thence for all the
Kings of the Hittites and Syrians : for hoifes
came originally from Libya and thence Nep-
tune was called Equeflris. Tantalus King of Phrygia
Reals Ganmede the fon of Tros King of Troas.
1017. Solomon by the afliflance of the Tyrians
and Aradians , who had mariners among them ac-
quainted with the Red Sea fets out a fleet upon
that fea. Thofe affiftants build new cities in the
Perfian Gulph, called Tyre and Aradus.
1015. The Temple of Solomon is founded.
Mims Reigns in Crete expelling his father Ajlerius,
who flees into Italy, and becomes the Saturn of
the Latines. Ammon takes Gezer from the Ca-
naanites, and gives it to his daughter, Solomon's
wife.
1014. Ammon places Cepheus at Joppa.
'*

1 o 1 o. Sejac in the Reign of his father Ammon

invades Arabia Foelix , and fets up pillars at the

mouth of the Red Sea, Apis, Epaphus or Epopeus
the
 A Short Chronicle.
the (on of Phroroneus, and Ny&eus King of Boe-
otia, flain. Lycus inherits the Kingdom of his
brother Ny&eus. ALtolus the (on of Endymion
flies into the Country of the Cuvetes in Achaiay
and calls it ALtoliaj
and of Pronoe the daughter*
of Phorbas begets Pleuron and Calydon, who
built cities in ALtolia called by their own names.
Antiopa the daughter of Ny&eus is lent home
to Lycus by Lame don the fiicceflor of Apis, and
in the way brings forth Amphion and Zethus. •

1008.' Sefac, in the Reign of his father Am-

man, invades Afric and Spain, and lets up pillars
in ail his conquefts, and particularly at the
mouth of the Mediterranean , and returns home
by the coaft of Gaul and Italy.

1007. Ceres being dead Eumolpus inftitutes

her Myfteries in Eleufine. The Myfteries of Rhea
are inftituted in Phrygia, in the city Cyhele. A-
bout this time Temples begin to be built in
Greece. Hyagnis the Phrygian invents the pipe.
After the example of the common-council of the
five Lords of the Philijlims, the Greeks fet up
the Amphi&yonic Council, firft at Thermopylae, by
the influence of Amphi&yon the fbn
of Deuca-
lion and a few years after at Delphi by the in-
;

fluence of Acrijius. Among the cites, whole de-

puties met at Thermopylae, I do not find Athens,
and therefore doubt whether Amphi&yon was
D King
 , : .

A Short Chronicle.
King of that city. If he was the fon of Deu-
calionand brother ot He Hen, he and Cranaus
might Reign together in fcveral parts of Attica
But I meet with a later Amphiclyon who enter-
** tainod the great Bacchus . This Council worfhipr
ped Ceres, and therefore was inflituted after her

death. 10 noi onr

ioo 6 . Minos prepares a fleet, clears the

Greek feas of Pyrates, and fends Colonies to the

I (lands of the Greeks, fome of which
were not
inhabited before. Cecrops II. Reigns in At-

tica. Caucon teaches the Myfteries of Ceres in

Mejfene.
1005. Andromeda away from Joppa
carried

by Perfeus. Pandion the brother of Ce crops II.

Reigns in Attica. Car, the fon of Phoroneus,
builds a Temple to Ceres. 1

1 00 z. Sefac Reigns in .Egypt and adorns

Thebes, dedicating it to his father Ammon by the

name of No- Ammon or Ammon- No, that is the

people or city of Ammon: whence the Greeks

called it Diofpolis the city of Jupiter. Sefac

alfo eredted Temples and Oracles to his father in
Thebes, Ammonia, and Ethiopia, and thereby caufed
his father to be worfhipped as a God in thofe
countries, think alfo in Arabia Fcelix and
and I

this was the original of the worfhip of Jupiter

Ammon, and the firfb mention of Oracles that I
meet
 s ,
'v

A Sfort Chron icl e. v ™

meet with in Prophane Hiltory. War between
Pandion and Labdacus the grandfon of Cadmus ,

•
$ 5) 4. ALgeus Reigns in Attica.
:

99 3 Pelops the (on of Tantalus comes in-

.

to Peloponnejas, marries Hippodamia the grande-

daughter of Acrijtus - takes AZtolia from ALtolus
the fon of Endymion, and by his riches .
grows
potent. •

Amphion and Zethus illy Lycus, pur

5? 5>o.
Laius the fon of Labdacus to flight, and Reigm
in Thebe t and wall the city about.
5)85). D<edalus and his nephew Talus invent
the law, the turning-lath, thewimble, the chip-
ax, and other inftrumencs of Carpenters and
Joyners, and thereby give a beginning to thole-
Arts in Europe. Dadalus alio invented the ma-
king of Statues with their feet alunder, as if they1
walked.
5> 8 8 ; Minos makes war upon; the Athenians,
for killing his fon Androgeus. ALacu - flou-1

rilhes.
^
5)87. Dadalus kills his- nephew Talus , and
flies to Minos. A Prieftels of Jupiter Ammony be-
ing brought by Phoenician merchants into Greece
fots up the Oracle of Jupiter at Dodona. This
gives a beginning to Oracles in Greece : and
by. their dilates, the Worlhip of the Dead is

every where introduced.

mi a D 5)8.3,....

1
 ,

! •

A Short Chronicle.
985. Sifypbus , the fon of ALoltis and grand-
ion of Heiteiij Reigns in Corinth , and fome fay
tliat he built that city.

980. Laitis recovers the Kingdom of Thebes .

Athamas , the brother of Sifypbus and father of

Phrixus and Helle, marries bio the daughter of
Cadmus.
979. Rehohoam Reigns. Thoas is lent from
Crete to Lemnos, Reigns there in the city He-
phoejliay and works in copper and iron.

978. Alcmena born of EleSlryo the fon of

Perfeus and Andromeda , and of Ljfdice the
daughter of Pelops.
974. Sefac fpoils the Temple, and invades
Syria and Perjia , fetting up pillars in many
places. feroboam, becoming iubject to Sefac
lets up the worfliip of the Egyptian Gods in

971. Sefac invades India, and returns with

triumph the next year but one whence Triete- :

rica Bacchi. He fets up pillars on two moun-

tains at the mouth of the river Ganges.
968. Thefeus Reigns, having overcome the
Minotaur, and foon after unites the twelve
citiesof Attica under one government. Sefac,
having carried on his vi£lories to Mount Cauca-
fus, leaves his nephew Prometheus there, and
ALetes ill Colchis.

9 ^ 7*
 , * , ,,

A Short Chronicle. 0 .

967. Sefac, parting over the Hel/efpont con-

quers Thrace kills Lycurgus King thereof, and
gives his Kingdom and one of his finging-'wo-
.

men to Oeagrus the father of Orpheus. Sefac

had in his army Ethiopians commanded by Pan,
and Libyan women commanded by Myrina or
Miner v a. It was the cuftom of the Ethiopians

to dance when they were entring into a battel,;

and from their skipping they were painted with-
goats feet in the form of Satyrs.
966. Thoas, being made King of Cyprus by
Sefac, goes thither with his wife Calycopis and
leaves his daughter Hypfipyle in Lemnos.
965. Sefac by the Greeks and Scy-
is baffled
thians,loles many of his women with their

Queen Minerva, compofes the war, is received;

by Amphitfion at a feafl:, buries Ariadne, goes
back through Afa and Syria into Egypt with-
innumerable captives, among whom was Titho-
nus the Ion of Laomedon King of Troy and:; ;

leaves his Libyan Amaxons, under Marthefia and

Lampeto the fuccefifors of Minerva, at the river
Thermodon. He left allb in Colchos Geographi-
cal Tables of all his conquefts : And thence
Geography had its rile. His linging-wornem
were celebrated in Thrace by the name of the
And the daughters of Pierus a Thracian>
imir
 , ) ,

A Short Chronicle.
imitating them, were celebrated by the fanic
name.
5>^4- Minos, making war upon Cocalus Kino-
of- Sicily, is flain by him. He was eminent for
his Dominion, his Laws and
hisjuftice: upon
his lepulchrc vifited by Pythagoras was this
, in-
Icription, TOT A IOC, the fepulchre of Ju-
piter. Dartdus with his daughters flying from
his brother Egyptus (that is from Sefac comes
into Greece. Sefac uflng the advice of his Secre-
tary 7 both, diflributes Egypt into xxxvi Nomes
and in every Nome ere&s a Temple, and ap-
points the feveral Gods, Feftivals and Religions
of the feveral Nomes. The Temples were the

fepulchres of his great men, where they were

to be buried and woriliipped after death, -each
in his own Temple, with ceremonies and fefti-
vals appointed by him while He and his Queen,
;

by the names of Ofiris and Ijis, were to be wor-

fhipped in all Egypt. Thefe were the Temples
feen and described by Lucian eleven hundred
years after, to be of one and the lame age:
and this was the original of the feveral Nomes
of Egypt and of the feveral Gods and feveral
Religions of thole Nomes. Sefac divided alfo
the land of Egypt by mealure amongft his fol-
diers, and thence Geometry had its rife. Hercu-
les and Euryflheus born.
3 . Am-
 , , , ,. , -

A Short Chronicle.
Amphi&yon brings the twelve Gods cf
*>63.
Egypt into Greece, and thefe are the Dii magni ma-
jorum gentium, to whom the Earth and Planets and
Elements are dedicated. Jjji*
9Cz. Phryxus and Helle fly from dieir ftep-
mother Ino the daughter of Cadmus. Helle is
drowned in the Hellespont , fo named from her,
but Phryxus arrived at Colchos
9 Co. The war between the Lapitha and the
people of Thefaly called Centaurs.
<>58. Oedipus kills his father Laius. Sthene
lus the fon of Perfeus Reigns in Mycene.
95 C. Sefac is flain
his brother Japetur^ by
who death was deified in Afric by the name
after
of Neptune, and called Typhon by the Egyptr*
ans. Orus Reigns and routs the Libyans, who
under the condud of Japetus and his fon Antaus
or Atlas, invaded Egypt. Sefac from his mar-
king the river Nile uleful, by cutting channels
from it to all the cities of Egypt was called by
its names, Sihor or Siris, Nilus and Egyptus.
The Greeks hearing the Egyptians lament, 0
Siris and Bou Siris called him Ofiris and Bujirisi
The Arabians from his great ads called him
Bacchus that is, the Great. The Phrygians call-
ed him Ma jors or Mayors, the valiant, and by
contradion Mars. Becaufe he fet up pillars in
all his conquefts, and his army in his father’s

Reign fought againft the Africans with clubs, he

is

<
 ,

A Short Chronicle.
is painted with pillars and a club : and this is

that Hercules who, according to Cicero, was

born upon the Nile and according to Eudoxus,
was (lain by Typhon j and according to Diodorus
was a n Egyptian, and went over a grea part of
the world, and fet up the pillars in Afric. He
(eems to be alio the Belus who, according to
Diodorus led a Colony of Egyptians to Babylon,
,

and there inftituted Priefts called Chaldeans,

who were free from taxes, and obferved the liars,
as in Egypt. Hitherto Judah and Ifrael laboured
under great vexations, but henceforward Afa King
of Judah had peace ten years.
5147. The Ethiopians invade Egypt, and drown
Orus in the Nile. Thereupon Buhajle the lifter
of Orus kills herfelf, by falling from the top of
an houle, and their mother ljis or Ajlrxa goes
mad and thus ended the Reign of the Gods
:

of Egypt.
5> 46 . Zerah the Ethiopian is overthrown by
Afa. The people of the lower Egypt make
Ofarfphus their King, and call in two hundred
tnouland Jews and Phoenicians againft: the Ethio-
pians: Menes or Amenophis the young Ion of
Zerah and CiJJia Reigns.
5) 44. The Ethiopians, under Amenophis, retire

from the lower Egypt and fortify Memphis a-

gainft Ofarfphus. And by thele wars and the
Argo-
 , ,

A Short Chronicle. ay
Argonautic expedition, the great Empire of Egypt
breaks in pieces. Euryflheus the fon of Sthene-
lus Reigns in Mycena.
943. Evander and his mother Carmenta carry
Letters into Italy.
5)41. Orpheus Deifies the ion of Semele by the
name of Bacchus, and appoints his Ceremo-
nies.

5)40. The great men of Greece hearing of

the civil wars and diffractions of Egypt refolve
to fend an embaffy to the nations, upon the
Euxine and Mediterranean Seas, fubjeCt to that
Empire, and for that end order the building of
the fhip Argo.
93 9- The fhip Argo is built after the pattern
of the long fhip in which Danaus came into
Greece: and this was the firfllong fhip built
by the Greeks. Chiron, who was born in the
Golden Age, forms the Conflellations for the ufe
of the Argonauts and places the Solflitial and E-
quino&ial Points in the fifteenth degrees or mid-
dlesof the Conflellations of Cancer, Chela, Capricorn,
and Aries. Meton in the year of Nabonaffar 31 6,
obferved the Summer Solflice in the eighth degree
of Cancer, and therefore the Solflice had then
gone back feven degrees. It goes back one de-
gree in about feventytwo years, and feven
degrees in about 5 04 years. Count thefe years
E back

\
 A Short Chronicle.
back from the year of Nahona/ar 3 i<r, and they
will place the Argonautic expedition about
years before Chrifl. G mgris the ion of Thoas
llain, and Deified by the name of Adonis.
9 Thefeusy being fifty years old, deals He-
3

lena then feven years old. Piritbous the fon of

Ixion, endeavouring to deal Per ftphone the daugh-
ter of Orcus King of the Molojjians , is’flain by
the Dog of Orcus and his companion Thefeus is
;

taken and imprifoned. Helena is fee at liberty

*
by her brothers. ,

<>37. The Argonautic expedition. Prometheus

leaves Mount Caucafus} being fet at liberty by
Hercules. Laomedon King of Troy is llain by
Hercules. Priam fucceeds him. Talus a brazen
man, of the Brazen Age, the fon of Minosy is
flain by the Argonauts ALfculapius and Hercu-
.

les were Argonauts3 and Hippocrates was the

eighteenth from ALfculapius by the father’s fide,
and the nineteenth from Hercules by the mother’s
fide ; and becaufe thefe generations, being noted
in hidory, were mod probably by the chief of
the family, and for the mod part by the elded
fonsj we may reckon z 8 or at the mod 30
years to a generation and thus the feventeen
:

intervals by the father’s fide and eighteen by the

mother’s, will at a middle reckoning amount
unto about 507 years j which being counted
 -

A Short Chronicle.
backwards from the beginning of the Peloponne-
jian war, at which time Hippocrates began to
flourifli, will reach up to. the time where we have

placed the Argonautic expedition.

t
5> 3 6. Thefeus is fet at liberty by Hercules.
<>34. The hunting of the Calydonian boar {lain

by Meleager.
5> 30. Amenophis, with an army out of Ethio-
pia and Thehais, invades the lower Egypt, con-
quers Ofarfphus, and drives out the Jews and
Canaanites
\
: and this is reckoned the lecond
expul fion of the Shepherds. Calycopis dies, and
is Deified by Thoas with Temples at Paphos and

Amathus in Cyprus, and at Byhlus in Syria, and

with Priefts and becomes the
and {acred Rites,
Venus of the ancients, and the Pea Cypria and
Pea Syria. And from theie and other places
where Temples were ere&ed to her, {he was alio
called Paphia, Amathujia, Byhlia, Cytherea, Salami
nia, " Cnidia, Erycina, Idalia, &c. And her three
waiting-women became the three Graces.
5> z 8 The war of the {even Captains againfl:
.

Thebes.

5)2.7. Hercules and ALfculapius are Deified.

Euryjlheus drives the Heraclides out of Peloponne~
fus. He by Hyllus
is {lain the (on of Hercules.
Atreus the ion of Pelops fiicceeds him in the
E x Kingdom
 A Short Chronicle.
Kingdom of Mycenae. Menejlheus, die great
grandfon of E rechtheus, Reigns at Athens.

5)2.5. Thefeus is {lain, being call down from a

rock.
5)14. Hyllus invading Peloponnefus is flain by

Echemus.
5) 1 57. Agamemnon Reigns. In the
Atreus dies.

abfence of Menelaus, who went to look after

what his father Atreus had left to him, Paris deals.
Helena.
5> 1 8. The fecond war againft Thebes.
1 2. King of Cyprus and part of Phoe-
Thoasj
nicia dies and for making armour for the Kings
j

°f Egypt, is Deified with a fumptuous Temple at

jMemphis by the name of Baal Canaan, Vulcan.
This Temple was laid to be built by Menes, the
firft King of Egypt who reigned next after the

Gods, that is, by Menoph or Amenophis who

reigned next after the death of Ojiris, Ips, Orusy

Bubajle and Thotk The city Memphis was alfo faid

to be built by Menes he began to build it when

;

he fortified it againft Ofarpphus. And from him

it was called Menoph, Moph, Noph, &c and is ;

Menuf by the Arabians. And

to this day called
therefore Menes who built the city and temple
was Menoph or Amenophis. The Priefts of Egypt
at length made this temple above a thoufand
 1

A Short Chronicle. 29
years older and fome of them
then Amenophis3
five or ten thoufand years older
but it could
:

not be above two or three hundred years older

than the Reign of Pfammiticus who finished it, and
died 6 1 4 years before Chrijl. When Menoph or
Menes built the city, he built a bridge there over
the Nile : a work too great to be older than the
Monarchy of Egypt.
5> op. Amenophis 3 called Memnon by the Greeks3 .

built the Memnonia at Sufa, whilft Egypt was

under the government of Proteus his Viceroy..
P04. Troy taken. Amenophis was ftill at Sufa ;
die- Greeks feigning that he came from thence to
the Trojan war.
P03. Demop boon, the (on of Thefeus by Phcedra
the daughter of Minos , Reigns at Athens..
poi. Amenophis builds (mall. Pyramids in
Cochome..
856. Ulyjfes leaves Calypfo in the Ifland Ogygie
(perhaps Cadis or Coles.) She was the daughter
of Atlasy according to Homer. The ancients at
length feigned that this Ifland, (which from At-
las they called Atlantis) had been as big as all

E urope3 Africa and Afiay but was funk into the

Sea. .

895. Teucer builds Salamis in Cyprus. Hadad

or Benhadad King of Syria dies, and is Deified at
Damafcus with a Temple and Ceremonies.
887. Ame-
 :

A Short Chronicle.
887. and is fuccceded by
Afjtettopbis dies,
hj s
ion Ramefis or Rhampfmitnsy
who builds the
we Hern Portico of the Temple of Vulcan.
The
Egyptians dedicated to Oftris,
IftS) Orus fenior,
Typbon, and Nephthe the filler and wife
of 2"yphm
the five days added by the Egyptians to the
twelve Calendar months of the old LuniTolar
year, and laid that they were added when
thefe
five Princes were born. They were therefore
added in the Reign of Ammon the father of thefe
five Princes but this year was learce brought
:

into common ule before the Reign of Amenophis :

for in his Temple or Sepulchre

at Abydus, they
placed a Circle of 3
6 y cubits in compals, co-
vered on the upper fide with a plate of gold , and
divided into 3
6 5 equal parts, to reprefent all the
days of the year ;
every part having the day of
the year, and the Heliacal Rifings and Settings of
the Stars on that day, noted upon it. And this
Circle remained there ’till Cambyfes Ipoiled the
temples of Egypt and from this monument I
colled: that it was Amenophis who
ellablilhed this
year, fixing the beginning thereof to one of
the
four Cardinal Points of the heavens. For had
not the beginning thereof been now fixed, the
Heliacal Rifings and Settings of the Stars
could
not have been noted upon the days thereof.
The
Priells of Egypt therefore in the Reign of Ame-
nophis
 , :
N

A Short Chrontcle. 31
vophiscontinued to obferve the Heliacal Rifings
and Settings of the Stars upon every day. And
when by the Sun’s Meridional Altitudes they had
found the and Equinoxes according to
Solftices

the Sun’s mean motion, his Equation being not

yet known, they fixed the beginning of this year
to the Vernal Equinox, and in memory thereof
ere&ed this monument. Now this year being
carried into Chaldaa the Chaldeans began their
year of Nabonaftir on the lame Thoth with the
Egyptians, and. made it of the fame length. And
the Thoth of the firft year of NabonaJJar fell upon
the 2.6th day of February which was 33 days
and five hours before the Vernal Equinox, accord-
ing to the Sun’s mean motion. And the Thoth of
» this year moves backwards days and five
3 3
hours in 1 3 7 years, and therefore fell upon the
Vernal Equinox 1 3 7 years before the /Era of Na-
bonafar began j that is, 884 years before CbriJ}.
And if it began upon the day next after the
Vernal Equinox, it might begin three or four
years earlier and there we may place the death
;

of this King. The Greeks feigned that he was

the fon of Tit bonus, and therefore
he was born
aft ^the
return of Sejac into Egypt, with Tithonus
.
;

and other captives, and fo

might be about 70
or 75 years old at his death.

3 883. Dido
 A Short Chronicle.
8S Dido builds Carthage, andth ePheenicians
>•
begin prefcmly after to fail as fir as to the
Straights
Month, and beyond. /Eneas was Hill alive, ac-
cording to Virgil.

870. Hefiod flourifhes. He hath told us him-

felf that he lived in the age next after the wars
of
Thebes and Troy, and that this age fliould end
when the men then living grew hoary anddropt
into the grave and therefore it was hut of an
;

ordinary length and Herodotus has told us that

:

Hejtod and Homer were but 400 years older than

himfelf. Whence it follows that the deftru&ion
cf Troy was not older than we have rep relented
it.

860. Moeris Reigns in Egypt. He adorned

MemphiSy and tranflated the feat of his Empire
thither from Thebes. There he built the famous
Labyrinth, and the northern portico of the Tem-
ple of Vulcan and dug the great Lake called
,

the Lake of Moeris , and upon the bottom of it

built two great Pyramids of brick and thefe :

things being not mentioned by Homer or Hejiod ,

were unknown to them, and done after their

days. Mceris wrote alfo a book of Geometry.
8 5 z. Hazael the lucceflbr of Hadad at Da-
rn afeus dies and is' Deified, as was Hadad before :

and thefe Gods, together with Arathes the wife

*>f Hadady were worfliipt in their Sepulchres or
Temples,
 :
rap

A Short Chronicle.
Temples, ’till the days of Jofephus the Jew and •,

the Syrians boafted their antiquity, not knowing,

faith Jofephus, that they were novel.
844. The ALolic Migration. Boeotia} formerly
called Cadmeis, is feized by the Boeotians .

838. Cheops Reigns in Egypt. He built the

greateft Pyramid for his lepulchre, and forbad the
worfliip of the former Kings ; intending to have,
been worfliipped himlelf.
8x5. The Heraclides, after three Generations,
or an hundred years, reckoned from their former
expedition, return into Peloponnefus. Hencefor-
ward, to the end of the firft Mejfenian war, reign-
ed ten Kings of Sparta by one Race, and nine by
another y ten of Meffene, and nine of Arcadia
which, by reckoning (according to the ordinary
courfe of nature) about twenty years to a Reign,
one Reign with another, will take up about 1 9 o
years. And the {even Reigns more in one of the
two Races of the Kings of Sparta , and eight in
the other, to the battle at Thermopylae
.
5
may take
up 1 5 o years more : and fo place the return
of the Heraclides, .
about 8 2.0 years before
Chrijl.

8x4. Cephren Reigns in Egypt, and builds ano-

ther great Pyramid.
808. Mycerims Reigns there, and begins the
third great Pyramid. He fhut up the body of
F his
 /

A Short Chronicle.
his daughter in a hollow ox, and caufcd her to
be worlliipped daily with odours.
804. The war, between the Athenians and
Spartans, in which Codr us, King of the Athenians ,

(lain.

802. Nitocris, the filler of Mycerinus, fucceeds

him, and finifhes the third great Pyramid.

724. The Ionic Migration, under the condud.

of the fons of Codrus.

790. Pul founds the Affyrian Empire.

788. Afychis Reigns in Egypt, and builds the

ealfern Portico of the Temple of Vulcan very

iplendidly and a large Pyramid of brick, made
5

of mud dug out of the Lake of Mceris. Egypt

breaks into leveral Kingdoms. GnephaBus and
Bocchoris Reign fuccelfively in the upper Egypt ;

Stephanathis, Necepfos and Nechus, at Sais Anyjts ;

or Amojis, at Anyfs or Hanes j and Tacellotis at ,

Buhajle.

77 6. Iphitus rellores the Olympiads. And

from /Era the Olympiads are
this now reckoned,
GnephaBus Reigns at Memphis. ,

772. Necepfos and Pelojiris invent Aftrology

in Egypt. '
.

760. Semiramis begins to nourilh. Sanchom-

atho writes.

7j 1 . Sahacon the Ethiopian, invades Egypt,

now divided into various Kingdoms, burns
Bocchoris,
 , , , , , ,

A Short Chronicle.
Bocchoris, flays Nechus, and makes Anyjts
fly.

747. Pul, King of Ajjyria,

and is fucceed- dies,
ed at Nineveh by
Tiglathpilaffer, and at Babylon by
Nabonaffar. The Eg yptians who fled from Saba*
con, carry their Aftrologyand Aftronomy to Baby-
lon, and found the /Era of Nabonaffar in Egyptian

years.

740. Tiglathpilafer King of Ajjyria takes Da-

mafcus, and captivates the Syrians .

7%9. Tiglathpilaffer is fucceeded by Salma-

naffer. J
721. Salmanajfer, King of Ajjyria carries the
Ten Tribes into captivity.
719. Sennacherib Reigns over Ajjyria. Archias
the fon of Evagetus of the flock of Hercules,
leads a Colony from Corinth into Sicily, and
builds Syracuse.
717. Tirhakah Reigns in Ethiopia .
7 1 4. Sennacherib
put to flight by the Ethi-
is

opians and Egyptians, with great daughter.

71 1 . The Medes from the Afjyrians

revolt .

Sennacherib (lain. Ajferhadon fucceeds him.

This is that Ajferhadon-Pul, or Sardanapalus,
the (on of Anacyndaraxis, or Sennacherib, who
built Tarfus and Anchiale in one day.
710. Lycurgus brings the poems of Homer out
of Ajta into Greece.
F z 708. Ly-
 . .

A Short Chronicle.
708.. Lycurgus , becomes tutor to Charillus or
Charilaus , the young King of Sparta. Arillotk

makes Lycurgus as old as Ipkitus, becaufe his name

was upon the Olympic Difo. But the Difcwas
ne of the five games called the Quinquertium,

and the (Sguinquertium was firft inftituted upon

the eighteenth Olympiad. Socrates and Thucydi-

des made the inftitutions of Lycurgus about 300
years older tlian the end of the Peloponnejian war,

that is, 705" years before Chrijl.

701. Sabacon, after a Reign of 5 o years, relin-
&\ .
quifhes Egypt to his foil Seuechus or Sethon, who

jjj
I! becomes Pneft of Vulcan and negle<fts military,

™ If affairs.
* . •
698. Manajfeh Reigns.
Cj-j. The Corinthians begin firft of any men
to build fliipswith three orders of oars, called
Triremes. Hitherto the Greeks had ufed long
veffels.of fifty oars.
687. Tirhakah Reigns in Egypt. , .

<j 8 1 ’.
Ajferhadon invades Babylon.
673 The Jews conquered by Ajferhadon,
and Manaffeh carried captive to Babylon
6 71. Ajferhadon invades Egypt. The go-
vernment of Egypt committed to twelve princes.
668. The weftern nations of Syria, Phoenicia
and Egypt) revolt from the Ajfyrians. Ajferha-
don dies, and is fucceeded by Saofduchinus. Ma-
najfeh returns from Captivity.

£58. Phra-
 -

A Short Chronicle.
•
65 8. Phraortes Reigns in Media. The Pryta
nes Reign in Corinth , expelling their Kings.
657. The Corinthians overcome the Corcyreans
at lea and this was the oldelf Tea fight.
:

6 j 5 Pj'ammiticus becomes King of all Egypt

.

by conquering the other eleven Kings with

whom he had already reigned fifteen years he :

reigned about 3 9 years more. Henceforward

the Ionians had accels into Egypt, and thence
came the Ionian Philolophy, Aftronomy and
Geometry.
652.. The firfi: Mefenian war begins: it lad-
ed twenty years.

647. CharopSj the firft decennial Archon of

the Athenians. Some of thele Archons might
dye before the end of the ten years, and the re-
mainder. of the ten years be fupplied by a new
Archon. And hence the (even decennial Ar-
chons might not take up above forty or fifty
years. Saofduchinus King of AJfyria dies, and is\
fucceeded by Chyniladon.
6 40. JoJiah Reigns in Jud<ea.
r
6t,6. Phraortes, King of the Medes, is (lain in

a war againll the Ajfyrians. Ajiyages fucceeds

him.
6 35. The Scythians invade the Medes and
Ajfyrians.

- •

3 3
. Battm
 , ,

A Short Chronicle.
633. Battus builds Cyrene where Irafa, the
city of Antatts had flood.
6 2.7. Rome is built.
6 25. Nal'opolaffar revolts from the King of
JFyria, and Re:gns over Babylon. Phalantus leads
the Parthemans into Italy, and builds Tarentum.

1 7. Bfammiticus dies. Nechaoh reigns in

Egypt.
6 11. Cyaxeres Reigns over the Medes.
610. The Princes of the Scythians flain in a

feaft by Cy axeres.

6 09. Jtfiah flain. Cyaxeres and Nebuchadnez-

zar overchrow Nineveh, and, by fliaring the
Affyrian Empire, grow great.
60 7. Creon the firfl annual Archon of the

Athenians. The fecond Meffenian war begins,

Cyaxeres makes the Scythians retire beyond Cel-
ebes and Iberia, and feizes the Affyrian Provin-
ces of Armenia, Pontus and Cappadocia.
606. Nebuchadnezzar invades Syria and
judeea.
604. Nabopelajfar dies, and is fucceeded by
his Son Nebuchadnezzar, who had already Reign-
ed two years with his father.
600. Darius the Mede, the Coil of Cyaxeres,
is born. • •

5 5> 9.born of Mandane, the

Cyrus is Sifter of
Cyaxeres, and daughter of Ajlyages.

5 $6. Sufana
 .

A Short C h ron i c l e.
5 5>C. and E lam conquered by Nebu-
Sufiana
chadnezzar. Caranus and Perdiceas fly from
Phidon, and found the Kingdom of Macedon ,

Phidon introduces Weights and Meafures, and

die Coining of Silver Money.
590. Cyaxeres makes war upon Alyattes King
of Lydia.
588. The Temple of Solomon is burnt by
Nebuchadnezzar. The Meffe-nians being con-:
quered, fly into Sicily, arjd build Mejfana.

585. In the fixm year of the Lydian war, ,

a total Eclipfe of the Sun, predi&ed by Thales,

May the 2 8 th, puts an end to a Battel be-
tween thtcMedes and Lydians Whereupon they
: -

make Peace, and ratify it by a marriage between

Darius Medus the Ion of Cyaxeres, and Ariene
the daughter of Alyattes. .

584. Phidon presides in the 49th Olympiad,

580. Phidon is overthrown. Two mencholen,
by lot, out of the city Elis, to prefide in the O-
lympic Games.
.572. Draco is Archon of the Athenians, and -

makes laws for them.

568. The Amphiclions make war upon the
Cirrheans, by the advice of Solon , and take
Ctrrha. Clijihenes, Alcmaon and Eurolicus com-
manded the forces of the Amphicfions, and were
contemporary to Phidon. For Leocides the ion of.
3
• Phidon,
 ,

A Short Chronicle.
and Megacks the (on -of Alcmmi
Phidort,
at
one and the fame, time, courted Ararifta
the
daughter of Clifthenes.

569. Nebuchadnezzar invad cs Egypt. darks

die Mede Reigns.
O
5
61.. Solon, being Archon of the Athenians
makes laws for them.

557. Periander dies, and Corinth becomes

free from T yrants.

) 5 5
. Nabonadius Reigns at Babylon. His

Mother and fortifies that City.

Nitocris adorns

550 Pijijlratus becomes Tyrant at Athens.

.

The Conference between Croefus and Solon.

545). Solon dies, Hegefratus being Archon of
Athens. . . '
$

544. Sardes is taken by Cyrus. Darius the

Mede recoins the Lydian money into Darks.

538. Babylon is taken by Cyrus.

5 3
6 Cyrus overcomes Darius the Mede, ana
.

translates the Empire to the Perfians. The Jem

return from Captivity, and found the fecond
Temple.
$19. Cyrus dies. Cambyfes Reigns,

5 z i Darius the Con of Hyjlafpes Reigns. The

.

Magi are flain. The various Religions of the fe-

veral Nations of Perjia, which confided in the

worihip of their ancient Kings, are abolifhed;

and by the influence of Hyjlafpes and Zoroajler,

tiie
j
 -
1

A Short Chronicle. 4*
the worfhip of One God, at Altars, without
Temples is let up in all Perjia.

j 2.0. The fecond Temple Jemfa-

is built at
command of Darius.
lemy by the
515. The fecond Temple is finilhed and de
dicated.

$ 13. Harmodius and Ariflogiton, flay Hippar-

chus the (bn of PiMratus, Tyrant of the Athe-
nians.
*>

508. The Kings of the Romans expelled, and

Confiils erected.

49 1 . The Battle of Marathon.

485 . Xerxes Reigns.
480. .The Paflage of Xerxes over the Hellef-
pont into Greece, and Battles of Thermopylae and
Salamis.

4 C 4. Artaxerxes Longimanus Reigns.

457. Ezra returns into Judaa. Johanan the
father of Jaddua was now grown up, having a
chamber in the Temple.
444. Nehemiah returns into Judaa. Herodotus
writes.

431. The war begins.

Peloponnejian

4 2, 8 Nehemiah drives away Manajfeh the bro-

.

ther of Jaddua, becaufe he had married Nicafo

the daughter of Sanhallat.
424. Darius Nothus Reigns.

G 412. San
 :

A Short Chronicle *•

4ii. SanbaJIat builds a Temple in

Mount
Geriziiu, and makes his fon-in-law
Manaffth the
firll High-Prieft thereof.
411. Hitherto the Priefts and Levites were
umbered, and written in the Chronicles of the
J e<vj s
)
before the death of Kehemiah at which
time either Johanan or Jaddua was High-Prieft,
And here Ends the Sacred Hiftory of the Jem,.
405. Artaxerxes Mnemon Reigns. The end
of the Peloponnejian war. '

3 5 9. Artaxerxes Ochus Reigns.

338. Arogus Reigns.

336. Darius Cociomannus Reigns..
3 3 z. The Perjian Empire conquered by A-
lexander the great.
331. Darius Codomatwus3 the laft King of
Perjia 3 flain.

.
..
.
. 1

_ ;
.

THE
 t 45 3

THE
N
OF
ANCIENT KINGDOMS
amended.
CHAP. I.

Of the Chronology of the

Firft Jges of
the Greeks.

LL Nations, before they began to

keep
exaft accounts of Time, have been
prone
to £ heh- Antiquities
and
•

; this hu-
mour has been promoted, by the
Con-
tentions between Nations about their
Orioinals
Herodotus a tells us, that the Priefts
of Egypt. Herod i,
reckoned from the Reign of Menes
to that of
Sethony who put Sennacherib
to flight, three
hundred and one Generations of men, and
forty
as many Ptiefts of Vulcany and as many
Kings
Gz of

I
 :

Of the Chronology
of Egypt : and that three hundred Generations
make ten thou (and years; for, faith he, three Ge-
nerations of men make an hundred years
and
the remaining forty and one Generations make

3 40 and fo the whole time from the

years :

Reign of Menes to that of Sethon was 1 1 3 40

years. And by this way of reckoning, and al-
lotting longer Reigns to the Gods of Egypt
than to the Kings which followed them, Hero-

dotus from the Priefts of Egypt,

tells us that

from Pan to Amojis were 15000 years, and

from Hercules to Amojis 17000 years. So alfo

the Chaldaans boafted of their Antiquity; for

Callijlhenes, the Difciple of Arifiotle, fen t Agro-
nomical Observations from Babylon to Greece,
(aid to be of 1 90 5 years (landing before the
times of Alexander the great. And the Chaldeans
boafted further, that they had obferved the Stars
473000 and there were others who made
years ;

the Kingdoms of Ajjyria, Media and Vamafcus,

much older than the truth. ;

Some of the Greeks called the times before

the Reign of Ogyges, Unknown, becaufe they
had No Hiftory of them; thofe between his
flood and the beginning of the Olympiads, Fa-
bulous, becauie their Hiftory was much mixed
with Poetical Fables and thofe after the begin-
:

ning of the Olympiads, Hiftorical, becaufe their

Hiftory
 of the Greeks. 45
Fables. The fabu-
Hiftory was free from fuch
lous Ages wanted a good
Chronology, and lo
alio did the Hiftorical, for the firll 6 o or 70
Olympiads.
The had no Chronology before the
Europeans,
times of the Perjian Empire: and whatloever
Chronology they now have of ancienter times,
hath been framed fince, by reafoning and conjc-
fture.In the beginning of that Monarchy, A-
cujilaus made Phoroneus as old as Ogyges and his

flood, and that flood 1010 years older than the

firft Olympiad which is above 680 years older
;

than the truth and to make out this reckon-

:

ing his followers have encreafed the Reigns of

b
Kings in length and number. Plutarch tells us
dePythUe
that the Philofophers anciently delivered their ° racul °*
Opinions in Verfe, as Orpheus, Hejiod, Parmeni-
des, Xenophanes, Empedocles, Thales ;
but after- >

wards left off the ufe of Verfes; and that Ari-

Jlarchus, Timocharis, Arijlillus, Hipparchus, did
not make Aftronomy the more contemptible by
deferibingit in Prole ^
after Eudoxus , Hejiod, and
Thales had wrote of it in Verfe. Solon wrote c in tafCh* iu
solo
Verfe, and all the Seven Wife Men were addicted
to Poetry, as Anaximenes d
affirmed. ’Till thofe <<
Apod Di-
days the Greeks wrote only in Verfe, and while
Soioru^io!
they did fo there could be no Chronology, nor
any other Hiftory, than fuch as was mixed with
poetical
 :

Of the Chro nology

poetical fancies. Pliny e
, in reckoning up the
Inventors of things, tells us, that Pherecydes
Syrius taught to compofe difccurfes in Profe k
the Reign of Cyrus, and Cadmus Milefius to

write Hi(lory. And in

f
another place he faith

that Cadmus Milefius was the firjl that mote k

5
Profe. Jofephus tells us that Cadmus Milefius

and Acujilaus were but a little before the expe-

dition of the Perfans againft the Greeks and

h
Suidas calls Acujilaus a moll ancient Hiftorian,
and faith that he wrote Genealogies out of ta-

blesof brafsj which his father, as was reported ,

found in a corner of his houfe. Who hid them

there may be doubted For the Greeks
1
had no
:

publick table or infeription older than the Laws

of Draco. Pherecydes Athenienjis, in the Reign of
Darius Hyjlafpis, or foon after, wrote of the An-
tiquities and ancient Genealogies of the Atheni-

ans, in ten books and was one of the firft Eu-

;

ropean writers of this kind, and one of the bell ;

whence he had the name of Genealogus and by \

k faid to be fecond i0
><
Dionyf. Dionyjius Hahcarnaffenjis is
1. i . initio.
none of the Genealogers. Epinienides, not the

Philofopher, but an Hiftorian, wrote alio of the

ancient Genealogies : and Hellaniens, who was
twelve years older than Herodotus, digefted his
Hiftory by the Ages or Succeflions of the
Priefteffes of Juno Argiva. Others digefled theirs

br
4
 of the Greeks. 47
by thole of the Archons of Athens, or Kings
of the Lacedamonians. Hippias the Elean pub-
liihed a Breviary of the Olympiads, fupported by

no certain argument^ as Plutarch tells us: he! p Jy^

1

1
lived in the 1 o 5 th Olympiad, and was deridedr
by Plato for his Ignorance. This Breviary leems
to have contained nothing more than a fliorc
account of the Victors in Olympiad.
every
Then m Ephorus the difciple of Ifocrates3 formed
, » Diodor,
a Chronological Hi ft or of Greece, beginning
y ste-'
with the Return of the Heraclides into Peloponne-
fus3 and ending with the Siege of Perinthusy in
the twentieth year of Philip the father of Alex-
ander the great, that is, eleven years before the
fall of the Perjian Empire but " he digefted - p 0
:
i yb P .
.

things by Generations, and the reckoning by 379*

the Olympiads, or by any other JEra, was not
yet in among the Greeks. The Arundelian
ufe
Marbles were com poled fix
ty years after the
death of Alexander the great- (An. 4. Olymp. 1 z2.)
and yet mention not the Olympiads, nor any
other ftanding Akra, but reckon backwards
from
the time then prelent.
But Chronology was now
reduced to a reckoning by Years and in the j
next Olympiad Timms Siculus
improved it for :

he wrote a Hiftory in feveral

books, down to his
own times, according to the Olympiads com-
;
paring the Ephoriy the Kings
of Sparta3 the Ar-
chons
 :

48 Of the Chronology
chons of Athens, and the Prieftefles of Arm 1
with the Olympic Vidors, make the fo as to
Olympiads, and the Genealogies and Succeffions
of Kings and Prieftefles, and the Poetical
Hifto-
^ries fuit with one another, according to the
belt
of judgment and where he left off. Poly,
his :

lius began, and carried on the Hiftory. *

Era-
tofthenes wrote above an hundred years after the
death of Alexander the great: He was followed
by Apollodorus and thefe two have been fol-
j

lowed ever fince by Chronologers.

But how uncertain their Chronology is, and
how doubtful it was reputed by the Greeks of
thole times, may be underftood by the/e paffages
of Plutarch. Some reckon Lycurgus, faith he,
° In vita 0
Lycurgi,
contemporary to Iphitus, and to have been his

fob initio. companion in ordering the Olympic fejlhals, amomji

whom was Ariftotle the Philofopher
;
arguing from
the Olympic J)ijc3 which had the name of Lycurgus
upon Others Jupputing the times by the Kings oj
it.

Lacedaemon, as Eratofthenes and Apollodorus,

affirm that he was not a few years older than the
firjl Olympiad. He
began to flourifli in the 1 th
7
or 1 8 th Olympiad, and at length Ariftotle made
him as old as the firft Olympiad ; and fo did
Epaminondas, as he is cited by JElian and Plutarch
and then EratoJlhenesy Apollodorus
, and their fol-
lowers, made him above an hundred years older.
And
 , , ;

-
of the Greeks. 49
p us: 7&<?p
And in another place Plutarch tells in Solone

Congrefs of Solon 'with Croefus, feme think they

can confute hy Chronology. But a Hijlory fe illu-

Jlrious , and verified hy fo many witnefes, and

which more, fo agreeable to the manners of So%,
is

Ion, and worthy of the greatnefs of his mind, and of

his wifdom, I cannot perfuade my felf to rejeU be-

caufe offeme Chronological Canons, as they call them,

which hundreds of authors coneBing, have not yet
been able to cotfftitute any thing certain, in which they
r
could agree amongfi themfelves, about repugnancies.
As for the Chronology of the Latines, that
q
is ftill more uncertain. Plutarch reprelents great rq
uncertainties in the Originals of Rome and fo Nu
doth Servius \ The old Records of the Latines in r

s
were burnt by the Gauls, an hundred and 1 Diodor',
twenty years after the Regifuge, and fixty four L tm
years before the death of Alexander the great:
and Quintus Fabius PiBor * the oldeft Hiftorian t
piutarch.
of the Latines, lived an hundred years later than m R° mul0,
that King, and took almoft all things from
Viocles Peparethius, a Greek. The Chronolo-
gers of Gallia, Spain, Germany, Scythia, Swede-
land, Britain and Ireland are of a date ftill later
for Scythia beyond the Danube had no letters,
’till Ulphilas their Bifhop formed them which
j
was about fix hundred years after the death of
Alexander the great ; and Germany had none ’till
H it
 .

Of the Chronology
it received them, from the weftern Empire
of
the Latines, above feven hundred years after
the
death of that King. The Hums, had none in
the days of Procopius, who flouriilied 850 years
after the deathof that King *
and Sweden and
:

Norway received them ftill later. And things

(aid to be done above one or two hundred years
before the u(e of letters, are of little credit.
Diodorusy “
in the beginning of his Hiftory tells

us, thathe did not define by any certain (pace the

times preceding the Trojan War, becaufe he had
no certain foundation to rely upon but from the
:

Trojan war, according to the reckoning of Apollo-

dorusy whom he followed, there were eighty years

to the Return of the Heraclides into Peloponnefus j

and that from that Period to the firft Olympiad,

there were three hundred and twenty eight years,
computing the times from the Kings of the
Lacedemonians. Apoltodorus followed E ratojlhenesy
and both of them followed Thucydides, in reckon-
ing eighty years from the Trojan war to the Return
of the Heraclides but in reckoning 3x8 years
:

from that Return to the firft Olympiad, Diodorus

^ Plutarch tells us, that the times were computed from the
in Lycurgo
Kings of the Lacedemonians and Plutarch x tells
;
tub initio.
us, that Apollodorusy Eratojlhenes and others fol-
lowed that computation : and fince this reckon-
ing is ftill received by Chronologers, and was
 of the Greeks.
gathered by computing the times from the King!
of the Lacedemonians , that is from their number,
let us re-examin that Computation;

The Egyptians reckoned the Reigns of Kings

equipollent to Generations of men, and threfr
Generations to an hundred years, as above and ;

fo did the Greeks and Latines and accordingly

:

they have made their Kings Reign one with

another thirty and three years a-piece, and a-
bove. For they make the (even Kings of Rome
who preceded the Confuls to have Reigned 244
years, which is 3 and the firli
5 years a-piece :

twelve Kings of Sicyon, JEgjaleus, Europs &c.

,
to have Reigned 5151 years, which is
# 44 years
a-piece : and the firffc eight Kings of Argos,
4*

Inachus, Phoroneus, &c. to have Reigned 371

years, which is above
4 6 years a-piece and :

between the Return of the Heraclides into Pelo-

ponnejus, and the end of the firft
AleJ^enian
war, the ten Kings of Sparta in one Race
Eu- ;
9

ryjlhenes, Agis, Echefiratus, Lahotas, Doryagus,

Agefilaus , Archelaus, Teleclus,
Alcamenes, and
Polydoms: the nine in the other Race
5
Procles,
Sous, Eurypon, Prytanis, Eunomus, PolydeBes,
Charilaus, Nicander, Theopompus : the ten Kings
of Mejfene ; Crefphontes, Epytus, Glaucus Iflhmi-
,
us. Dotadas, Sibotas, Phintas
, Antiochus , Euphaes
>
Arijiodt mus and the nine of Arcadia Cypfelus,
:
;

fd 2 Olaas,
 ,

Of the Chronology
#

Olms, Buchalion, Phialus, Simus, Pompus, fat

ncta, Polynmejlor, ALchmis, according to Chro-
nologers, took up 379 years: which is
jg
years a-piece to the ten Kings, and 41 years
3-piece to the nine. And the five Kings of the
Race of Euryjlhenes , between the end of the firft
MeJJenian war, and the beginning of the Reign
of Darius Hyjlafpis j Envy crates, Anaxander, Eu-
ry crates II, Leon, Anaxandrides Reigned 101
years, which is above 40 years a-piece.

Thus the Greek Chronologers, who follow

Timms and Eratofthenes , have made the Kings of
their feveral Cities, who lived before the times of

the Perjian Empire, to Reign about 35 or 40

years a-piece, one with another which is a length
fo much beyond the courfe of nature, as is not

to be credited. For by the ordinary courfe of

nature Kings Reign, one with another, about
eighteen or twenty years a-piece: and if in
fome inftances they Reign, one with another, five
or fix years longer, in others they Reign
as

a
much fliorter : eighteen or twenty years is

medium. So the eighteen Kings of Judah who

fucceeded Solomon, Reigned $9° years, which
is one with another zz years a-piece The
fifteen Kings of Ifrael after Solomon , Reigned
which is 17* years a-piece. The
2.55* years,
eighteen Kings of Babylon, Nabonajfar dec. Reign-
 1
of the Greeks. 53
ed 2.09 years, which is i ii years a-piecc. The
tenKings of Perjia j Cyrus, Cambyfes , &c. Reign-
ed io 8 years, which is almoft years a piece. n
The fixteen SuccefTors of Alexander the great,
and of his brother and fbn in Syria ;
Seleucus

Antiochus Sotery Sec. Reigned 244 years, after

the breaking of that Monarchy inro various

Kingdoms, which is 15* years a- piece. The
eleven Kings of Egypt Ptolomaus Lagi3 Sec.
;

Reigned 277 years, counted from the fame Pe-

riod, which is 25 years a -piece. The eight in
Macedonia Caffander , &c. Reigned 138 years,
which is 17, years a piece. The thirty Kings of
England William the Conqueror, William Rufus,
;

See. Reigned 648 years, which is 2ij years

a-piece. The firft twenty four Kings of France
y
Pharamundusj Sec. Reigned 458 years, which
is 1 9 years a-piece : the next twenty four Kings
of France 3
Ludovicus Balbus, Sec. 451 years,
which is 1
8| years a-piece : the next fifteen,
Philip &c. 315 years, which is 2 x
Vdlejiu x,
years a-piece and all the fixty three Kings of
:

France , 12x4 years, which is 154 years a-piece.

Generations from father to fon, may be reckoned
one with another at about 33 or
34 years a-piece,
or about three Generations to an hundred years :
*

but if the reckoning proceed by the eldeft fbns,

they are fhorter, fo that three of them may be
reckoned
 Of the Chronology
reckoned about 7 5 or 80 years :
at
and th.
Reigns of Kings are Hill Ihorter, becaufe
Kin*
.vu luccceded not only by their eldeft fons,
but
lomctimcs by their brothers, and fometimesthey
^re ilainor depofed *
and fucceeded by others of
an equal or greater age, efpecially in ele&ive
or turbulent Kingdoms. In the later Ages,
fince Chronology hath been exad, there is fcarce
an in [fance to be found of ten Kings Reigning
any where in continual Succeflion above 260
years but Trnaus and his followers, and I think
:

alfo fome of his PredecefTors, after the example

of the Egyptians, have taken the Reigns of

Kings and reckoned three Ge-

for Generations,
nerations to an hundred, and fometimes to an
hundred and twenty years and founded the ;

Technical Chronology of the Greeks upon this

way of reckoning. Let the reckoning be re-

duced to the courfe of nature, by putting the

Reigns of Kings one with another, at about
eighteen or twenty years a-piece; and the ten
Kings of Sparta by one Race, the nine by ano-
ther Race, the ten Kings of Mejfene, and the nine
of Arcadia, above mentioned, between the Re-
turn of the Heraclidis into Peloponnefus, and the
end of the firft Meffenian war, will fcarce take up
above 1 8 o or 190 years whereas according to
:

Chronologers they took up 375* years.

,
$
For
 t s

of the Greeks.
For confirming this reckoning, I may add
another argument. Euryleon the fon of ALgeus,
y commanded main body of the Mejjenians yPaufan*
the
in the fifth year of the firfl Meffcnian war, and
£
was in the fifth Generation from Oiolicu the fon +o 6 -

C
of Thewsy the brother-in-law of Ariflodemus ,
and tutor to his fbns Emyfthenes and Procles , as
z
Paufanias relates : and by confequence, from * Paufan. ll

the return of the Heraclides, which was in the

C 7 P ’
‘ '
^
days of Theras, to the battle which was in the
fifth year of this war, there were fix Generati-
ons, which, as I conceive, being for the mofl
part by the eldefl fbns, will fcarce exceed thirty
years to a Generation 5 and Co may amount
un-
to 170 or 180 That war lafted 1 9 or
years.
2.0 years: add the laffc ij years, and there
will be about 190 years to the end of
that
war ; whereas the followers of Timtus
make it
about 375) years, which is above fixty
years to
a Generation.
By thefe arguments, Chronologers have
lengthned the time, between the return
of the
Heraclides into Peloponnefus and the firfl Mejfe -
man war, adding to about 15)0 years: and
it
they have alfo lengthned
the time, between that
war and the rife of .the
Perfian Empire. For
Q °f the S artan
5?
a P Kings, defeended from
uryjthenes after Polydorus reigned a
j
, thefe Kings, * Herod. 1.

Eury-
 , , s ,

Of the C HRONOLOGY
Eury crates, Anaxander, Eurycratides, Leon, A-
naxandrides, Cleomenes, Leonidas &c. And in
the other Race defended from Erodes after
j
8 -
Theopompus reigned b thefe, Anaxandrides
isdemtis. An axileus, Leuty chides, Hippocratides , ^4-
rijlon , Demaratus, Leuty chides II. &c. according
to Herodotus. Thefe Kings reigned ’till the fixtn
year of Xerxes, which Leonidas was (lain by
in
the Perjians at ThermopyU and Leuty chides II.
*,

loon after, flying from Sparta to 7>gw, died

there. The feven Reigns of the Kings of
Sparta, which follow Polydorus, being added to
the ten Reigns above mentioned, which began
with that of Euryjlhenes-, make up feventeen
Reigns of Kings, between the return of the He-
raclides into Peloponnefus and the fixth year of
Xerxes and the eight Reigns following Theo-
:

pompus, being added to the nine Reigns above

mentioned, which began with that of Procles,
make up alio feventeen Reigns ; and thefe fe-

venteen Reigns, at twenty years a-piece one with

another, amount unto three hundred and forty
years. Count thefe 340 years upwards from
the ftxth year of Xerxes, and one or two years
more for the war of the Heraclides, and Reign
of Arifodemus, the father of Euryjlhene and Pro-
des and they will place the Return of the He-
;

raclides into Peloponnefus, 1 j <>

years after the
death
 : -

of the Greeks.
death of Solomon, and \C years before the firft
Olympiad, in which Corabus was vi&or. But
the followers of Timaus have placed this Return
two hundred and eighty years earlier. Now
this being the computation upon which tbe
Greeks, as you have heard from Diodorus and
Plutarch, have founded the Chronology of their
Kingdoms, which were ancienter than the Per-
Jian Empire ; that Chronology is to be rectified,
by fhortening the times which preceded the
death of Cyrus, in the proportion of almoft two
to one; for the times which follow the death
of Cyrus are not much amifs.
The Artificial Chronologers, have made Lycur
gus, the legiflator, as old as Iphitus3 the reftorer
of
the Olympiads; and Iphitus, an hundred and
twelve years, older than the firft Olympiad: and,
to help out the Hypothefis, they have feigned
twenty eight Olympiads older than the firft
Olympiad, wherein Corabus was vieftor. But
thefe thingswere feigned, after the days of Thu-
cydides and Plato for Socrates died three years
after the end of the Peloponnefian war, and Plato
c
introduced* him
faying, that the injlitutions of ?n

Lycurgus were but of three hundred years fund-

ings or not d
much more. And Thucydides, in the
d Thucyd.
reading followed by Steph 1 P
anus, faith, that the
Lacedemonians, had from ancient times ufed good
I . laws.
 Of the CHR 0 NOL OG Y
lavs, and been free from tyranny
and that from
•

t ye time that they had nfed one and the fame admi-
nijlration of their commonwealth to the
, end of the
Peloponnclian war, there were three hundred years
ami a few more. Count three hundred years
back from the end of the Peioponnejian war, and
they will place the Legiflature of Lycurgus upon
the i pth Olympiad. And, according to Socra-
tes, itmight be upon the i id or 2.3 d. Athe-
e
n.eus tells us out of ancient authors ( Heilanicus
,

Sojimus and Hieronymus) that lycurgus the Legif

lator, was contemporary to Terpander the Mud-
cian } and that Terpander was the £rft man who
got the vi&ory in the Carnea, in a lolemnity of
mulic inftituted in thole feftivals in the 26th.
Olympiad. He overcame four times in thole
Pythic games, and therefore lived at leaft ’till
the 2,9 th Olympiad :and beginning to flourilh
in the days of Lycurgus, it is not likely that Ly-
curgus began to Hourilh, much before the 1 8 th
Olympiad. The name of Lycurgus being on
the Olympic Dilc, Arijlotle concluded thence,
that Lycurgus was the companion of Iphitus in
reftoring the Olympic games : and this argu-
ment might be the ground of the opinion of
Chronologers, that Lycurgus and Iphitus were
contemporary. But Iphitus did not rellore all the
•
Olympic games. He f reftored indeed the Racing
 ;

of the Greeks.
in the firftOlympiad, Cor<ebus being vi&or. In
was
the 14th Olympiad, the double ftadium
added, Hyp<emis being vi&or.
And in the 1 8 th
Olympiad the Quinquertium and reft ling were W
added, Lampus and Euryhatus, two Spartatm,
being victors * And the Dilc was one of the
g Paufanias tells
games of the Quinquertium. ‘
^
us that there were three Difcs kept in the

Olympic treafury at Altis : thefe therefore

having the name of Lycurgus upon them, fhew

that they were given by him, at the inftitution
of the Quinquertium, in the 1 8 th Olympiad.
Now PolydeBes King of Sparta, being (lain be-
fore the birth of his foil Charillus or Charilaus,
left the Kingdom to Lycurgus his brother ;
and
Lycurgus, upon the birth of Charillus became tu- ,

tor to the child and after about eight months

;

travelled into Crete and Ajia, till the child grew

up, and brought back with him the poems of
Homer-, and foon after publifhed his laws, fup-
pofe upon the nd or z$d Olympiad ;
for he
was then growing and Terpander was a
old :

Lyric Poet, and began to flouriflr about this time

for h he imitated Orpheus and Homer, and fung h Plutarch.
Homer's verfes and his own, and wrote the laws
ciemm?*
of Lycurgus in verfe, and was vidtor in the Py- Strom. 1. 1.

P *
thic games in the z 6 th Olympiad, as above.

He was the firft who diftinguiilied the modes

I z of
 :-

6o Of the Chronology
of Lyric muiic by fcveral
names. AnUlus and
Lumas loon alter did the like for wind mafic;
and from henceforward, by the encouragement
ol the Pythic games, now inftituted, feveral emi-
£pnc Muficians and Poets flourilhed in
Greece
as Archilochus , Eumelus Corminus
, Pohtmefius ,

7Ijaletas, Xenodemus, Xenocritus, Sacadas, Tyr-

tausy Tlejilla, Rhianus, Aleman, Arion} Stejicho
rus, Mimnemmus, Alems, Sappho , Theognis, Ana-
creon, Ihycus, Simonides, ALfchylus, Pindar, by
whom the Mufic and Poetry of the Greeks were
brought to perfection.
Lyctergus, publiflied his laws in the Reign of
Agejilatts, the of Doryagus, in the
Ion and fucceflor
Race of the Kings of Sparta delcended from Eu-
ryjlhenes. From the Return of the Heraclides
into Pelopormefus, to the end of the Reign of
Agefilaus, there were fix Reigns: and from the
lame Return to the end of the Reign of Poly-
defies, in the Race of the Spartan Kings delcend-

ed from Procles, there were alio fix Reigns:

and thele Reigns, at twenty years a-piece one
with another, amount unto no years j befides
the fhort Reignof Arijlodemus, the father of Eu-
ryjlhenes and Procles, which might amount to
a year or two for Arijlodemus came to the
:

5 Herod. 1. 1

c. j-z.
•
crown, as Herodotus and the Lacedeemonians
themlelves affirmed. The times of the deaths of

Ageft-
 ,, -:

of the
Greeks.
PolydeSles are not certainly
known
Aitftkus and
but it may be
prefumed that Lycurgus did not
games be ore he came
meddle with the Olympic
therefore Poly dates eked
to the Kingdom ; and
1 8th Olympiad, or
but
in the beginning of the
a very little before. If it may be fuppofcd that

the 2,0th Olympiad was in, or very near to the

middle time between the deaths of the two

Kings and Agefilaus, and from thence
Polydettes

be counted upwards the aforefiid i zo years,

and one year more for the Reign of Arijlode
mus j the reckoning will place the Return of the
Heraclides about 45 years before the beginning
of the Olympiads.
Iphitus who Olympic games, k
reftored the
k Paufa
'
S C 4*
' ’

was defeended from Oxylus, the fon of Hcemon,

the Ion of Thoas, the fon of Andramon Her- :

cules and Andramm married two fillers: Thoas

warred at Troy : Oxylus returned into Peloponne-

fus with the Heraclides. he com-
In this return
manded body of the ALtolians, and recovered
the
1
Elea b from whence his anceltor JEtolus, the fon f Paufan
of Endymion the fon of Aethlius had been 1 r*c.“' 3,$
, , driven
by Salmmeus the grandfon of Hellen.
1 ' 8 ’

By p.^’
the friendfliip of the Heraclides, Oxylus
had the
care of the Olympic Temple committed to him :
an the Heraclides,
for his for vice done them,
grante urther upon oath that the country of
1
the
 Of the Chronology
the Eletuis' lliould be free from
invafions, and be
defended by them from all armed force
And :

-when the Eleans were thus confecrated, Oxylus

reilorcd the Olympic games: and after they
J>.ad been again intermitted, Iphitus their King
*'
reilorcd them, and made them quadrennial.
Iphitus by fome reckoned the Con of Hamm,
is

by others the fon of Praxonidas the fon of Ha-

,

won but H<emon being the father of Oxylus, I

:

would reckon Iphitus the Con of Praxonidas, the

fon of Oxylus the fon of Hcemon.
,
And by this
reckoning the Return of the Heraclides into Pelo-
ponnefus will be two Generations by the eldeft
fons, or about 5 z years, before the Olym-
piads.
a
" Paufan. Paufanias reprefents that Melas the fon of
c.iS.
1. f.
Antijfus, of the pofterity of Gonujfa the daugh-
ter of Sicyon, was not above fix Generations
older than Cypfelus King of Corinth and that he
;

was contemporary to Aletes, who returned with

the Heraclides into Peloponnefus. The Reign of
Cypfelus began An. z, Olymp. 5 i> according to
Chronologers j and fix Generations, at about
3
o years to a Generation, amount unto 180
years. Count thofe years backwards from An.
z, Olymp. 3 1, and they will place the Return
of the Heraclides into Peloponnefus 5 8 years be-
fore the firft Olympiad. But it might not be
fo
 :

of the Greeks.
Reign of Cypfelus began three or
fo early, if the
four Olympiads later ;
for he reigned before the

Perjian Empire began.

Hercules the Argonaut was the father of Hyl-
lus }
the father of Cleodius y
the father of Arijlo-*

machus ;
the father of Temenus , Crefphontes, and
Arijlodemus, who led the Heraclides into Peloponne -

fus : and Euryflheus, who was of the fame age

with Hercules, was {lain in the firft attempt of
the Heraclides to return: Hyllus was flain in the
fecond attempt, Cleodius in the third attempt,
Arijlomachus in the fourth attempt, and Arijlo-
demus died as foon as they were returned, and
left the Kingdom of Sparta to his fons Euryjlhe-
nes and Procles. Whence their Return was four
Generations later than the Argofiautic expedition
:

And thefe Generations were fhort ones, beino by -

the chief of the family, and fuit with the reck-

oning of Thucydides and the Ancients,
that the
taking of Troy was about
75 or eighty years
efore the return of the Heraclides
into Pelopon-
ne us
f and the Argonaut ic expedition one
;
Gene-
ration earlier than,the
taking of Troy. Count
therefore eighty years
backward from the Return
° t e Heraclides into
Peloponnefus to the Trojan
th ta kinof Tr°y wil1 b e about
years after u ,
,g 76
the death of Solomon
And the Ar-
gonautic expedition,
which was one Generation
earlier.
 Of the Chronology
earlier, be about 43 years after it.
will
From
the taking of Troy to the Return of the Hera-
elides, could fcarce be more than eighty
years,
becauie Ch'ejles the ion of Agamemnon was a
4’outh at the taking of Troy, and his ions Pen-
thilus and Ttfamenus lived till the Return of the
Heraclides.

/Efculapius and Hercules were Argonauts, and

Hippocrates was the eighteenth incluiively by the
father’s fide from ALfculapius, and the nineteenth
from Hercules by the mother’s iide: and be-
cauie theie Generations, being taken notice of
by writers, were moil probably by the princi-

pal of the family, and to for the moil part by

the eldeil ions ; we may reckon about 28 or at
the moil about 3
o years to a Generation. And
thus the ieventeen intervals by the father’s fide,
and eighteen by the mother’s, will at a middle
reckoning amount unto about 507 years:

which counted backwards from the beginning

of the Peloponnefian war, at which time Hippo-
crates began to flouriih, will reach up to the
43d year after the death of Solomon, and there
place the Argonautic expedition.
When the Romans conquered the Carthagini-
ans, the Archives of Carthage came into their

hands : And thence Appion, in his hiilory of

the Punic wars, tells in round numbers that Car-
thage
 of the Greeks.
*
thage Rood feven hundred years: and
thele
llnus adds the odd number of years in
Adrymeto atque C arthagini author ejl a
words :

Tyro populus. Urbem ijlam, ut Cato in Orat tone

Senatoria autumat, cum rex Hiarhas rerum in
Libya potiretur, Elijfa mulier extruxit 3 domo Pha-
nix, & Carthadam dixity quod Phaenicum ore

exprimit civitatem nouam mox Jermone verfo

Carthago diBa ejl, qua pojl annos feptingentos
triginta feptem quam fuerat extruBa.
exciditur

Elijfa was Dido , and Carthage was deftroyed in

the Confulftiip of Lentulus and Mummius, in the

year of the Julian Period 4568; from whence
count backwards 737 years, and the Encaenia
or Dedication of the City, will fall upon the
r 6 th year of Pygmalion, the brother of Dido, and

King of Tyre. She fled in the feventh year of

Pygmalion, but the /Era of the City began with
its Encania. Now Virgil, and his Scholiaft Ser~
n)iusy who might have fome things from the ar-

chives of Tyre and Cyprus, as well as from thofe

of Carthage, relate that Teucer came from the
war of Troy to Cyprus, in the days of Dido, a
little before the Reign of
her brother Pygmalion
and, in conjun&ion with her
father, feized Cy-
prus, and ejected Cinyras : and the Marbles (ay
that Teucer came to Cyprus
feven years after the
deftru&ion of Troy, and built Salamis and Apol- -,

lodorus , that Cinyras married Metharme

the daugh-
K tev
 , :

Of the Chronology
ter of Pygmalion, and built Paphos . There-
fore, if the Romans, in the days of Auguflus, fol-

lowed not altogether the artificial Chronology

of E ratojlhenes, but had thefe things from tne .

ftcords of Carthage , Cyprus , or Tyre the arrival j

of Teucer at Cyprus will be in the Reign of the

predeceffor of Pygmalion and by confequence
the deftru&ion of Troy, about 76 years later

than the death of Solomon.

p tells
Dionyfius Halicarnajfenjts us, that in the

time of the Trojan war, Latinus was King of the

Aborigines in Italy, and that in the fixteenth

Age after that war, Romulus built Rome. By Ages

he means Reigns of Kings for after Latinus
:

he names fixteen Kings of the Lathes, the laft

of which was Numitor in whole days Romulus
built Rome for Romulus was contemporary to
:

Numitor, and after him Dionyfius and others

reckon fix Kings more over Rome, to the begin-
ning of the Confuls. Now thefe twenty and
two Reigns, at about 1 8 years to a Reign one
with another, for many of thefe Kings were
flain, took up 3 9 6 years which counted back
;

from the confulfhip of Junius Brutus and Vale-

rius Publicola, the two fir ft Confuls, place the
Trojan war about 78 years after the death of
Solomon.
The expedition of Sefojlris was one Genera-
tion earlier than the Argonautic expedition : for

5 in
 , , ,

of the
Greeks.
return back into
Egypt he left fates in
in his
the Argo-
Colchis, and fates reigned there till
was left by
tijuticexpedition; and Prometheus
Sefobis with a body of
men at Mount Caucafus,
after thirty years was r*-
to guard that paG, and
leafed the Argonaut : and Phlyas and
by Hercules
Eumedon. the Tons of the great Bacchus, fo the
Poets call Sefofris, and of Ariadne the daughtei
of Minos, were Argonauts. At the return of
Sefojlris into Egypt his brother Vanaus fled from

him into Greece with his fifty daughters, in a

long {hip 5 after the pattern of which the fliip
Argo was built: and Argus, the fon of Vanaus,
was the mailer-builder thereof. Nauplius the
Argonaut was born in of Amymone
Greece,
one of the daughters of Vanaus, and of Neptune,
the brother ana admiral of Sefojlris And two :

others of the daughters of Vanaus married Ar-

chander and Archilites, the Tons of Achaus, the Ion
of Creufa, the daughter of E rechtheus King of
Athens : and therefore the daughters of Va-
naus were three Generations younger than Erech-
theus and by confluence contemporary to The-
feus the fon of ALgeus, the adopted fon of
Pandion , the fon of E rechtheus. Thefeus, in
the time of the Argonautic expedition, was of
about 5 o years of age, and io was born about
the 33d year of Solomon : for he Hole Helena
q
juft before that expedition, being then 5 o years qApollon.
K z old
Argonaut
,
I. I. V.
°

IOI*
 , , ,

Of the Chronology
old, and fhe but (even, or as fome (ay ten. Pi-
rithous the fon of Ixion helped Thefeus to (leal
1
Helena and then Thefeus went with Pirithous to

ileal Perfeph one the daughter of Aidoneus or Or-

y/s, King of the Molojfans, and was taken in the
affion : and whilft he lay in prifon, Caflor and
Pollux returning from the Argonautic expedition,
releafed their filler Helena, and captivated ALthra
the mother of Thefeus. Now the daughters of

Danaus being contemporary to Thefeus, and fome

of their fons being Argonauts, Danaus with his
daughters fled from his brother Sefojlris into
Greece about one Generation before the Argonau-
tic and therefore Sefojlris returned
expedition ;

into Egypt in the Reign of Rehohoam. He came

f
out of Egypt in the fifth year of Rehohoam, and
fpent nine years in that expedition, again!! the
Eaftern Nations and Greece ; and therefore returnr
ed back into Egypt, in the fourteenth year of
Rehohoam. Sefac and Sefojlris were therefore
Kings of all Egypt, at one and the !ame time;
and they agree not only in the time, but alfo
in their actions and conquefts. God gave Sefac
nia'iNn ninboo the Kingdoms of the lands, % Chron.
xii. Where Herodotus deforibes the expedition
1
of Sefofris, Jofephus tells us that he defcribed

the expedition of Sefac, and attributed his a&i-

ons to Sefojlris, erring only in the name of
the King. Corruptions of names are frequent
in
 .
of the
Greeks.
i„ fciftorv: Sefolhis was othcrwife called Sefe-
Scfinch,,, Scfcn-
I't s&bU, Seficfis, Scthofis,
termination, ana
chops. Take away the Greek
Sefoos , Sethos,
the names become Sefofl , Sefoch,
rronj
Sejonch which names differ very little
:

Sefonchis and Sefetch differ

no more
Sefetch.
the lame
than Memphis and Moph, two names of
tells us alio, from Manetho , that
u
city. Jofephus
^
Sethofts was the brother of Armais , and that
thefe brothers were otherwife called fEgyptus
and Danaus and that upon the return of Se-
•,

thofs or fEgyptus, from his great conquefts into

Egypt, Armais or Danaus fled from him into
Greece . '
v
Egypt was at firft divided into many ftnall

Kingdoms, like other nations and grew into ;

one monarchy by degrees and the father of

:

Solomons Queen, was the firft King of Egypt,

who came into Phoenicia with an Army : but
he only took Gezir, and gave it to his daughter.
Sefac, the next King, came out of Egypt with
an army of Libyans, Troglodites and Ethiopians,
%. Chron. and therefore was then King
xii. 3.
of all thole countries; and we do not read in
Scripture, that any former King of Egypt, who
Reigned over all thole nations, came out of
Egypt with a great army to conquer other coum*
tries. The facred hiftory of the Ifraelites , from,
the days of Abraham to the days of Solomon,
ad-
mits
 : ,

Of the Chronology
mirs of no fuch conqueror, Sefofris reigned
over all the fame nations of the Libyans, Troglo -
dues and Ethiopians, and came out of Egypt
with a great army to conquer other Kingdoms.
Xhe Shepherds reigned long in the lower part
of Egypt, and were expelled thence, juft before
the building of Jerufalem and the Temple ;
ac-

cording to Manetho and whilft they Reigned

}

in the lower part of Egypt, the upper part

thereof was under other Kings and while :

Egypt was divided into feveral Kingdoms, there

was no room for any fuch King of all Egypt
as Sefofris and no hiftorian makes him later
than Sefac and therefore he was one and the
:

fame King of Egypt with Sefac. This is no

new opinion: Jofephus difcovered it when he
affirmed that Herodotus erred, in aferibing the
actions of Sefac to Sejoflris and that the error
was only in the name of the King: for this

is as much as to fay, that the true name of him

who did thofe things deferibed by Herodotus, was
Sefac ; and that Herodotus erred only in calling
him Sefofris ;
or that he was called Sefofris by
a corruption, of his name. Our great Chrono-
loger. Sir John Marjham, was alfo of opinion
that Sefofris was Sefac and if this be grant-
ed, it is then moft certain, that Sefofris came
out of Egypt in the fifth year of Reholoam to
invade the nations, and returned back into
 :

of the Greeks. 7*
Egypt in the 1 4th year of that King j
und tint
Vartans then flying from his brother,
came into
Greece within a year or two after and the :
jJ
Argonautic expedition being one Generation later

than that invafion, and than the coming c£

Vanaus into Greece, was certainly about 40 or
Pro-
45 years later than the death of Solomon .

x
metheus flay’d on Mount Caucafus thirty years, jHygin

and then was releafed by Hercules and there-

fore the Argonautic expedition was thirty years
after Prometheus had been left on Mount Cauca-

fus by Sefojlris, that is, about 44 years after the

death of Solomon.
All nations, before the juft length of the Solar
year was known, reckoned months by the
courfe of the moon } and years by the y returns y Gen. 1 14,
of winter and fummer, fpring and autumn cenforinus :

and in making Calendars for their Feftivals, & *°*

they reckoned thirty days to a Lunar month, Verrem.

and twelve Lunar months to a year j taking the ?? imis
neareft round numbers: whence came the di-
viflon of the Ecliptic into 3
Go degrees. So
in the time of Noah’s flood, when the Moon
could not be feen, Noah reckoned thirty days
to a month : but if the Moon appeared a day
or two before the end of the month, z they * Cicero in
began the next month with the firft day of her Vcrrem -

appearing and this was done generally, ’till

:

the Egyptians of Thehais found the length of

the
 ' ,

Of the Chronology
the Solar year. So *
Diodorus tells us that the
EgyP^ns of Thebais ufe no intercalary months
nor fubduB any days [from the month] as
is done
by mojl of the Greeks. And Cicero, eft confue-
b

tndo Siculorum caterorumque Gydecorum, quod

fuos
dies menfefque congruere volant cum Solis Lunaque
ratione, ut noymumquam Jiquid diferepet, eximant
unum aliquem diem aut fummum biduum ex menfe
[civili dierum triginta] quos illi <d%cupe<ri/uw
dies nominant. And Proclus, upon Hejiod’s tpiol-

xct$, mentions the fame thing. And c

Geminus:
TlgoS-mg y> Iw rots dgxaiois, ra$ /ufl/j (jlI/jja;

diyetp itf csAhW, raV q cncLVTxg naM riAtov.

To 70 yjsm tup pojuup, xj tup x^ykt/ulup 7ta-

%aPyz7<hofjLzvov, to Svetp k$ y > nyav tcl 7td-

TglCL, ulwcLS, YljULigCLS, iUCLVTXS' THTO dhiXct&OP

0L7tav\i? oi ^PXhlwZS TU TUG i PlUVTXg TVfJL-

(pupug otyeip TtS «At«* rdg q n^cLg ^ ra's (JWPcig

t« erzhi vyi. Zti o to ju3p xolQ’ yhiov ctyetP raV hi-

cturaV) to Ttzfh tols oivToig uectg ra zpiclvtS Tctg

clvtclg S-vrlcLg Toig S-zoig z7tiT€hei& cu> Trip

zagiPYiP Svrictp did wetpiog to Zcl% cvpJz7\ei-

£raf tyip o S-zetPnP, itf to B-Zqyg' ofjioiug q ^

T%g Aot/raV xougxg ra era? Tciig ctVTctg S-vcictg

7rt7tleiP. Taro yo v7tzActGop 7t§ocrlwzg,

^ xsyoi-
£L<r[jLZPoP HPcJLt Toig S zoig . Taro d' uAAug da
i dip
 V

of the Greeks.
av Stwctiro ym&cth « W
clt T^m), *, cti m-

fjLteiai ve£i ctW? toW yiymvlo. To o

xj (rgAwvnv ay«v ra? YipL^ctg, toiQtov m' to
cLkoTkoxSw roig t* orsAnw tycdTitTfiow tug 7rq^(TY)-
yoZA&S TfidV tifJUOtoV yiHa%> &73 ^ TfflV Cg-

fdjUUYig (pomT/ULMV cti Tt^VYiyO&CLl t£v vpteptov

mTMVotJLOL&YxroLV- ’Ei/ « fJSp ->b via

( rthlwYi (pouvz), v$ (7 wucl7\oiQIuj mfjdjuuldi 7T%0<TY\-

yo^SjS-Yl' CM/ W Q Yl/xi^ct T « V S'&JT^CLV (pCLTlV

TtOMTCtl, ^6Wi^V 7T^(TY]yo^J(TCiV' TY) Q ft? ^S-

cro!/ tS f/lwog yivoju.mv (pctviv, r«? cgAww, ^73
ciW£ r£ crvju.Couvovlog <Pi%o/ulwiuv hoitecctv.
Xj mS-oAa o 7rct<Tctg tcl? wfjizgctg )wo tmv rng
crihlwtig 7T^G‘mo(/.ctcrctv. o$s v x, t»V
t&culotIw t£ fjdwog f)fj.i$cLV z%clty\v ivctv tiro

olvtQ tS (TVfJL&cuvovlog ryLOLKcii'cL IkolMtolv-

Propofitum enim fuit veteribus y menfes quidem agere
fecundum Lunam, annos vero fecundum Solent.
Quod enim a legibus & Oraculis pracipiebatur3 ut
facrificarent fecundum tria y videlicet patriay men-
fes y dies, annos ;
hoc ita dijlinUe faciebant uni-
verji Greed } ut annos agerent congruenter cum SoUy
dies vero &
menfes cum Luna Porro fecundum
Solem annos agere , ejl circa eafdem tempeflates anni
.

eadem facrificia Diis perfidy

in vere confummariy
& vernum facrificium
femper ajlivum autem in ceflate :
• /*
 -

Of the Chronology
jimltter& in rtlifds anni temporibus eadem
facrificia
Hoc enim Utah ant acceptum
cadere.
Diis.
p
Hoc autem aliter fieri non poffet
gratum & efi
nifi convex-
ftones folfiit tales & aquinoUia in iifdem Zodiacl
Igfis filerent. Secundum Lunam vero dies agere
efi
tale ut congruant cum Luna illuminationibus appel-
1attones dicrum. Nam a Luna illuminationibus ap-
pellations Serum funt denominate. In qua enim
die Luna apparet nova, ea per Synaloephen
, feu
compofitionem vzopLWtcL) id efi , Novilunium appel
latur. In qua vero die fecundam facit apparitionem ,

earn fecundam Lunam vocarunt. Apparitionem Luna-

quae circa medium menfis fit, ab ipfo eventu di%o-

unviciVy id efi medietatem menfis nominarunt. Ac

fummatim , omnes dies a Luna illuminationibus deno-
minarunt. Unde etiara tricefimam menfis diemy cum
ultima fit, ab ipfo event u t£LcixclS'cl vocarunt.
The ancient Calendar year of the Greeks con-
fided therefore of twelve Lunar months, and
every month of thirty days and thefe years :

and months they corrected from time to time,

by the courfes of the Sun and Moon, omit-
ting a day or two in the month, as often as
they found the month too long for the courfe
of the Moon ; and adding a month to the year,
as often as they found the twelve Lunar months
too fliort for the return of the four feafons..
Apud La- d
crtium, in cleobulus, one of the feven wife men of Greece,
Cleobulo.
alluded
 ,

of the Greeks.
alluded to this year of the Greeks, in his Parable

of one father who had twelve fons, each of

which had thirty daughters half white and half
e
black and Thales called the laft day of the <
:

month Tg/ci'/tcL^cL) the thirtieth : and Solon y

counted the ten laft days of the month back- PJjj
1

ward from the thirtieth, calling that day cvi)V

x, n ctv, the old and the new, or the laft day

*of the old month and the firft day of the y.
new : for he introduced months of x? and
50 days alternately, making the thirtieth day
of every other month to be the firft day of /v
the next month. •
j
To the twelve Lunar months f
the ancient f CenP
Greeks added a thirteenth, every other year, f;
which made and becaufe this initiuiru
their Dieteris ;

reckoning made their year too long by a month

in eight years, they omitted an intercalary month
once in eight years, which made their OBaeteris
,
one half of which was their Tetraeteris And :

thefe Periods feem to have been almoft as

old
as the religions of Greece , being ufed in divers
of their Sacra. The s OBaeteris was the An- s Apollo-
nus magnus of Cadmus and Minos,
and feems to 3 -

have been brought into Greece and

Crete by the Strabo 16 1. ,

Phoenicians, who came

thither with Cadmus and HcSt.
Europa and to have continued r '
’till after the
days of Herodotus 9
for in counting; the lenoth
:

L x of
 76 Of the Chronology
Herod. 1.
ot fcventy years, h
he reckons thirty days
to a
Umar month, and twelve fuch months, or <j 0
3
days, to the ordinary year,
without the interca-
lary months, and 1 5 fiich months to the Die-
tm-is: and according to the number of days
in the Calendar year of the Greeks, Demetrius
P halere us had $60 Statues eredted to him by
the Athenians. But the Greeks, Cleojlratus, Har-
palus, and others, to make their months agree

better with the courle of the Moon, in the

times of the Perfian Empire, varied the manner

of intercaling the three months in the Octaete-
and Met on found out the Cycle of interca-
* rls •

lin^ feven months in nineteen years.

The Ancient year of the Latines was alio Luni-

(olar for Plutarch

1
tells us, that the year of Nu-
•PltJtflTCi).
in Numa.
?na confided of twelve Lunar months, with inter-

months to make up what the twelve Lunar

calary
months wanted of the Solar yean
The Ancient
year of the Egyptians
was alio Luni-lolar, and
days of Hyperion, or
continued to be fo ’till the
Ojiris, a King of Egypt, the father of Helms and

Selene, or Oms and. Bubajle : For the Ifiaehtes

year out of Egypt ;
and Diodorus
brought this
of Hyperion Uieci
!
Diodor, tells
1
us that Ouranus the father
a. p. 133. * that in the Temple of Ofiris the
year, and
i:
k Diodor. this
thereunto filled 360 Milk
Priefts appointed
1. 1 .
p. 13.

think he means one Bowl

Bowls every day : I
every
 of the Greeks. 77
of
every day, in
all <o, to count the number
5

year, and thereby to hnd

days in the Calendar
this and the true
out the difference between
year : for the year of 3 6 o days
was the
Solar
year, to the end of which they added hyfi
days.
That the Ifraelites ufed the Luni-folar year is
beyond queftion. Their months began with
their new Moons. Their firft month was called

Abiby from the earing of Corn in that month.

Their Paffover was kept upon the fourteenth
day of the firftmonth, the Moon being then
in the full : and if the Corn was not then
ripe enough for offering the firft Fruits, the
Feftival was put off, by adding an intercalary
month to the end of the year ; and the harveft
was got in before the Pentecoft, and the other
Fruits gathered before the Feaft of the feventh
month.
Simplicius in his commentary 1
on the firft of 1
Apu d
Arijlotle’s Phyjical Acroajis , dorum
begin the
tells us,
year upon the Summer Solfice 3 as the Peo-
that fame £^
mentibus.
pk of Attica 5 or upon the Autumnal Equinox as
,
the People of Alia* or in Winter
, as the Romans.-,
or about the Vernal Equinox,
as the Arabians and
Peop.e o/Damafcus ;
and the month hegan 3 accord—
ing to fome, upon the
Full Moon, or upon the Nenv*
fnc years of all thefe Nations were therefore
Luni
 , , :

Of tht Chronology
Lmu.fob, and kept to the four
Romm year began at foil in
Seafons , *
as Spring,
feem to gather from the )

Names of then Months

$pnt! h, Sextths, September,
OBober, November
December : and the beginning was
f afterward!
removed CO Winter. The ancient civil year
f I

the Adrians and Babylonians was alfo

of
Lum folar:
for this year was alio uled by the Samaritans ,

who came from of the Adrian

feveral parts
Empire and the Jews who came from Baby-
•

lon called the months of their Luni-lolar year

after the Names of the months of the Babylonian

m
A- year : and Berofus tells us that the Babylonians
laeum,
celebrated the Feait Sac<ca upon the i 6th day of

the month Lous which was Lunar month of a

the Macedonians, and kept to one and the fame

Seafbn of the year and the Arabians, a Nation
:

who peopled Babylon u(e Lunar months to

n Sarus of
* this day. Suidas tells us, that the
Suidas in

t he Chaldeans contains Lunar months, which 2.2,2,

each of twelve
are eighteen years, confiding
Luna? months, befides fix intercalary months
Gmdrn into
• Herod, 1. 1. and when » Cyrus cat the River
2 60 Channels, he feems to have a*, uded unto
the number of days in the Calendar year oftLw
and the Emperor Ju-
Modes and Perjtans :

9 For when all other People , that I

Julian. lian writes,
Or 4. one word, accommodate their months
:

may Jay it in

3
 ,

of the Greeks.
the alone with
to the courfeof the Moon, <we
Egyptians meafure the days of the year
by the

courfe of the Sun.

At length the Egyptians for the lake of Na-
a QjL J

vigation, applied themfelves to obferve the Stars*

and by their Heliacal Ratings and Settings found
the true Solar year to be five days longer than
the Calendar year, and therefore added live days
to the twelve Calendar months making the
;

Solar year to con fid of twelve months and five

1
q
days. Strabo and Diodorus afcribe this inven- q Strabo 1.

tion to the Egyptians of Thebes . The Theban 5’

? Diode*
Priefts, faith Strabo, are above others faid to be i» *-p- 32.

Ajlronomers and Philofophers. They invented the

reckoning of days not by the courfe
of the Moon,
but by the courfe of the Sun To tvoelve •
months
each of thirty days they add yearly five
days. In memory of this Emendation of
the year they dedicated the s
five additional days * Plutarch,
to OJiris, Ms, Oms feniof,
Typhrn, and Ncphthe
the Wifeof Tyfhon, feigning <lor '
that thofe davs
were added to the year when thefe five Prints
Were born, that is, in the Reign of Ouranus, or
Ammon, the father of Sefac
and in the Se^nl „ :
1

enre ot Amemphis
who Reigned foon after a/ud Di °-
*ey placed a Golden
compafs and divided
Circle o? jS; cabt***'™
it into 6 5 equal parts,
5
to reprefent all the days in the year, and noted
. upon .
 :

Of the Chronol ocy

upon each
part the Heliacal
Rifmgs mJ
Settings of the Stars
oil that day; which
Circle
remained there ’till the invafion
of Egypt by

^Cambyfes King of Perfia. Till the Reign of

t lc huher
‘

Helms and
oj-
of Hyperion, and grandfather
Selene, the Egyptians ufed the old Lu-
of

mfolar year but in his Reign, that is, in the

Reign of Ammon, the father of Ofiris or Sefac ,

and grandfather of Orus and Bubafle, the The-

bans began to apply themfelves to Navigation
and Allronomy, and by the Heliacal Rifings and
Settings of the Stars determined the length of

the Solar year; and to the old Calendar year

added five days, and dedicated them to his five
children above mentioned, as their birth days:
and in the Reign of Amenophis, when by fur-
ther Obfervations they had fufficiently deter-

the time of the Soiftices, they might

mined
place the beginning of .this new year upon the
Vernal Equinox. This year being at lengt
gave occahon to t e
propagated into Chaldea,
years of Nahnafir
year of Nalonaffar ; for the
one and the fame
and thofe of Egypt began on
day, called bythem Thotb, and were equal and
fame and the firft year of
in all refpedts the
Ndmafir began on the *tfth
:

M
of February
feven hundred forty and
the old Roman year,
before" the Vulgar aZra of
Chrijl,
"years
I
 cf the Greeks.
hours before
and thirty and three days and five

Equinox, according to the

Sun s mean
the Vernal
for it is not likely
that the Equation
motion ,

of the Suns motion fhould be known in the

reckoning thy Now
infancy of Aftronomy.
five hours and 49
the year of 365 days wants
the begin~
minutes of the Equinodial year ;
ning of this year will move backwards thirty

and three days and five hours in 137 years :

and by conference this year began at firft in
Egypt upon the Vernal Equinox, according to
the Suns mean motion, 1 3 7 years before the
lEra of Nabonajfar began that is, in the year •,

of the Julian Period 3830, or years after

the death of Solomon and began upon
: if it

the next day after the V ernal Equinox, it might

begin four years earlier and about that time
•,

ended the Reign of Amenophis for he came not :

from Sufa to the Trojan war, but died afterwards

in Egypt. This year was received by the Perjian
Empire from the Babylonian ; and the Greeks
alfo ufed it in the /Era Philippaa dated from
, the
Death of Alexander the great; and Julius C<efar
eorreded it, by adding a day in every four years,
and made it the year of the Romans.
Syncellus tells us, that the five days were
C 1
year ky ktft King of the
*c! °a
Shepherds;1
and the difference in time between
hi the
 °f
Chronolog the

fc^S}*** King, and of that

cnJu but one Generation, or two, before

Am-
?
m bc
S'
m.
add thofe days. But the Shep-
,
VnS i)tf ds minded not Arts and Sciences.
The firft month of the Luni-fbjaryear, by
rea-
fon of the Intercalary month, began
fometimes a
week or a fortnight before the Equinox or Sol-
dice, and iometimes as much after it. And this
year gave occahon to the firft Aftronomers, who
formed the Aflerifms, to place the Equinoxes and
<1 *

Sol fticcs in the middles of the Conftellations of

AV Ariesy Cancer, Chela, and Capricorn. Achilles
u
Tatins cells us, that fame antiently placed the
a
Fctario edit. So!(lice in the beginning of Cancer, others in the
eighth degree of Cancer, others about the twelfth
degree, and others about the fifteenth degree thereof.

This variety of opinions proceeded from the

precedion of the Equinox, then not known to
the Greeks. When the Sphere was firft formed,
the Solftice was in the fifteenth degree or
mid-
then it
dle of the Conftellation of
Cancer :

eighth, fourth, and fiift

came into the twelfth, .

decree fucceftively. Eudoxus, who flourifhed a-

b o u t fixty years after Adeton, and an hundred

years before Aratus, in
deferring the Sphere of

the Ancients, placed the Solftices and Equinoxes

in the middles of the Conftellations of Aries,
A Cancer,
 of the Greeks.
and Capricorn, as is affirmed
Cancer, Chela, * Hipparch.

by
x
Hipparchus Bithynus and appears alfo by
;
ad Phxnoin.
1. i.Sc& R.*

the Defcription of the Equinoctial and Tropical Pctavi

in Aratus,
T
who. copied alter Eudoxus •, y Hi
Circles
ad P
of the &-
and by the pofitions ot the C olutes 1. i.

quinoxes and Solftices, which in the Sphcic of

Eudoxus, deferibed by Hipparchus, went through 1

the middles of thofe Conftellations. for Hip-

parchus tells us, drew the Colure
that Eudoxus
of the Solftices, through the middle of the great
Bear, and the middle of Cancer, and the neck
of Hydrus , and the Star between the Poop and
Mali of Argo, and the Tayl of the South Eijh,
and through the middle of Capricorn, and of
Sagitta, and through the neck and right wing
of the Swan, and the left hand of Cepheus and ;

that he drew the EquinoCbial Colure, through

the left hand of Artlophylax, and along the
middle of his Body, and crols the middle of
Chela, and through the right hand and fore-knee
of the Centaur, and through the flexure of Eri~
darns and head of Cetus, and the back of Aries
a-crofs, and through the head and right
hand
of Perfeus.
Chiron delineated
oKvfjjns. the
AJtenfms , as the
ancient Author of Gigantoma-
c ia, by 1 Clemens Alexandrinus, informs us
cited
:
1
Strom, i.
for Chiron was a practical p 3 ° 6 ’ 3S1
Aftronomer, as may ' ‘

M z be
 , , ,

Of the Chronology
be there underftood alfo of his daughter Hippo
:

and Mufeus, the fon of Eumolpus and matter of

Orpheus and one of the Argonauts a made a
*
Sphere, and is reputed the firft among the
Greeks who made one: and the Sphere it felf
fhews that it was delineated in the time of the
Argonautic expedition ;
for that expedition is

delineated in the Afterifms together with fe-

verai other ancienter Hiftories of the Greeks,

and without any thing later. There’s the golden

RAM, the enfign of the Vettel in which Phryxus
fled to Colchis \ the BULL with brazen hoofs
tamed by JaJon’, and the TWINS, CASTOR
and POLL UX, two of the Argonauts, with

the SWAN, of Leda their mother. There’s

the Ship ARGO, and H YD RUS the watchful

Dragon; with Medea’s CUP, and a RAVE id

upon its Carcafs, the Symbol of Death. There’s
CHIRON the matter of Jafon, with AL- ^
TAR and SACRIFICE. There’s the Argo-
naut HERCULES with h DART and VUL-
is

TURE falling down; and the DRAGON,

CRAB and L TO N, whom he flew and the ;

HARP of the Argonaut Orpheus. All the fe

relate to the Argonauts. There’s ORION the

fon of Neptune, or as fbme Cay, the grandfbn of

Minos, with his DOGS, and HARE, and

RIVER, and SCORPIO N. There’s the ttory
of
 -

<

v of 'the Greeks.
PERSEUS
Conftellatibns of ,
of Perfeus in ‘the
JNDROMEDJ, CEPHEUS CASSIO ,

and CETUS : That of &*//#>> and her

foil in URSA MAJOR and ^ R CTO-
P HT LAX: That of Icareus and his daughter
E rigone in BOOTES, PLAU STRUM and
VIRGO. URSA MINOR relates to one of
the Nuries of Jupiter, AURIGA to Erechtho-

rims, 0 PHIUC HUS to Phorbas, SAGITTA-

RIUS to Crolus the (on of the Nurle of the Mu-
fes, CAPRICORN to P<m,and AQU
ARIUS:
to Ganimede. There’s Ariadne s CROJVN,
Bellerophon's HORSE ,
Neptune's DOLPHIN,
Ganimede' s EAGLE, Jupiter's GOAT with
her KIDS, Bacchus’s A S S E S, and the
FIS HES of Venus and Cupid, and their Pa-
rent the SOUTH FISH. Thefe with DELTO-
TON, are the old Conftellations mentioned by
Aratus: and they all relate to the Argonauts
and Contemporaries, and to Perfons one
their
or two Generations older and nothing later
:

than that Expedition was delineated there

Originally. ANTI NOUS and COMA BE-
RENICES are novel. The Sphere (eems there-
fore to have been formed by Chiron and Mu-
faus, lor the life of the Argonauts ; for the Ship
Argo was the firft long (hip built by the Greeks.
Ehtherto they had uled round veffels of burden,
 Of the Chronology
and kept within figh t
of the ihore; and now
upon an Embafly to feveral
Princes upon the
coaits of. the Euxine and Mediterranean Seas
by the dictates of the Oracle, and confent
of
Uae Princes of Greece, the Flower of
Greece were
to fail with Expedition through
the deep, in a
Jong Ship with and guide their Ship by
Sails,
the Stars. The People of the Ifland Corcyra
c
Suidas in attributed the invention of the Sphere to
**ydh ?l{ '
Naujicaa, the daughter of Alcinous, King of the
Pbeaces in that Ifland and it’s moft probable
:

Apoiiodor. that flie had it from the Argonauts, who d

in
c. 9,
if.
their return home failed to that Ifland, and
made fome flay there with her father. So then
in the time of the Argonautic Expedition, the
Cardinal points of the Equinoxes and Solfhces
were in the middles of the Conftellations of
Aries, Cancer, Chela , and Capricorn.
In the end of the year of our Lord 1689
0
the Star called Prima Arietis was in r. 18 yT. .

0
00", with North Latitude 7 8'. yS". And .

the Star called ultima cauda Arietis was in b.

1 y°. 3'.with North Latitude z°. 54'. j "
41",
And the Colurus ALquino&iorum pain ng through
the point in the middle between thofe two Stars
did then cut the Ecliptic in « 6 °. 44'
this reckoning the
anc
Equinox in the end
; J
^
of the
year 1 6 8 p was gone back 5 <;». 44 '. fi nc( ,
the
Argonautic
 of the Greeks.
that the laid
Argonautic Expedition: fuppofing
Colurepafled through the middle of the
Con-
of Aries, according to the delineation
ftellation

of the Ancients. The Equinox goes back fitcy

feconds in one year, and one degree in fevent^
and two years, and by conlequence $ 6 °. 44k
in 2645 which counted back from the
years,
end of the year of our Lord 168 p, or begin-
ning of the year 6 po} will place the Argo-
i

rnutic Expedition about 1 5

years after the
Death of Solomon : but it is not neceflary that
the middle of the Conftellation of Aries lliould
be exadtly in the middle between the two Stars
called prima Arietts and ultima Cauda and it :

may be better to fix the Cardinal points by the

Stars, through which the Colures
parted in the
primitive Sphere, according to the delcription
of
Eudoxus above recited. By the Colure
of the E-
quinoxes, I mean a great Circle parting
through
the Poles of the Equator, and cutting the E-
cliptic in the Equinoxes in
an Angle of CC\
degrees, the complement of the
Suns greateft De-
clination and by the Colure
; of the Solftices I
mean a great Circle parting through
the fame
cuttln
•
i
g tll e Ecliptic at right Angles
1 e .°.hi ces: and by the Primitive
T , Sphere,
\
lC Was m
ufe before the motions of
t e quinoxes and Solftices
were known : now
the
 i .

Of the Chronology
the Colure pallid through the following
Stars'
according to Eudoxus. 5 r

In the back of Aries is a Star of the fixth

magnitude, marked by Bayer in the end of the y :

year 168?, and beginning of the year 1

6<>o, its
Longitude was «. 5>°. 3 8 5'',
and North Lati-
4
tude 6 . j , $ 6 : and the Colurus /Eyuiwo$ioruM
drawn though it, according to Eudoxus, cuts
the Ecliptic in «. 6°. 58k 57". In the head of
Cetus are two Stars of the fourth Magnitude,
called v and ^ by Bayer in the end of the :

year 1689 their Longitudes were «. 4 0 3'. *>". .

0
and «. 3 . 7. 3
7", and their South Latitudes
7

5 °. 1z id.and 5 0 5 3 7 ": and the Colu-

6 ". . .

rus ALquinoBiorum palling in the mid way be-

tween them, cuts the Ecliptic in 6°. 58'.

51". In the extreme flexure of Eridanus, rightly

delineated, is a Star of the fourth Magnitude, of
late referred to the breafl: of Cetus} and called

0 by Bayer it is the only Star in Eridanus

;

through which this Colure can pals its Longi- ;

tude, in the end of the year 168.9, was r. zf.

zz'. \o". and South Latitude z$°. 15k 5 o'
and the Colurus ALquinoBiorum palling through
0 //
it, cuts the Ecliptic in 7 . 1 z. 4o . In the

head of Perfeus, rightly delineated, is a Star of

the fourth Magnitude, called r by Bayer the ;

Longitude of this Star, in the end of the year

I 6%9y
 :
*

of the Greeks.
°* ° an<^ North Lati-
i 68 ?, was b. 2.

3 2-5 * 3 >

tude 54
0
. to. it": and the Colurus JEquinoffi-
Ecliptic in b'.
orum palling through it, cuts the
<?°. 1 8'.
5
7". In the right hand of Perfeus,
rightly delineated, is a Star of the fouith
Magni-
tude, called n hy Bayer its Longitude^ in the
end of the year 168?, was b. Z 4°. 2,5 17 , .

0
and North Latitude 37 t6'. 50" and the .

Colurus /EquinoUiorum palling through it cuts the

0 r
Ecliptic in «. 4 . 5
6 . 40" : and the fifth

part of the fumm of the places in which thefe

five Colures cut the Ecliptic, is b. 6°. 1?.
1 5": and therefore the Great Circle which in
the Primitive Sphere according to Eudoxus, and
by conference in the time of the Argonautic
Expedition, was the Colurus ALquinocUorum paf-
fing through the Stars above defcribed; did in
the end of the year 6 8 ?, cut the Ecliptic in
1

b. 6 °. t</. 15": as nearly as we have been able

to determin by the Obfervations of the Anci-
ents, which were but coarfe.
In the middle of Cancer is the South Afellus,
a Star of the fourth Magnitude, called
by Bayer
its Longitude in the end
\ of the year 16 8?,
/
was °* q//
In the neck of
4 2 '
* 3 4 *
Hydrus,
rightly delineated, is
a Starof the fourth Magni-
tude, called £ by Bayer its Longitude in the -,

end of the year 168?, was si. 0

5 5 5/. 3" .

N Between
 Of the Chro nology
Between the poop and
is a Star of
of the Ship
the third Magnitude, called
raaft
Am
* by
Bayer ^ its Longitude in the end of that year,
was si. 7°. 5', 3
1". In Sagitta is a Star of the
fl^th Magnitude, called Q by Bayer its Longi-
j

tude in the end of the fame year 1 6%? was

}
//
6°. 25/. In the middle of
5 3 Capricorn
.

is a Star of the fifth Magnitude, called

y by
Bayer its Longitude in the end of the fame
;

year was 8°.. zj. 55": and the fifth part

of the fumm of the three firft Longitudes, and

of the complements of the two laft to- 1 8 o De-
grees is si. 6°.
5
z8\ 4 6". This is the new
Longitude of the old Colurus Soljlitiorum palling
through thefe Stars.. The fame Colurus pafles
alfo in the middle between the Stars y and k,
©f the fourth and fifth Magnitudes, in the neck

of the Swan, being diflant from each about a

Degree : it padeth alio by the Star of the

fourth Magnitude, in the right wing of the
Swan and by the Star <3, of the fifth Magni-
j

tude, in the left hand of Cepheus, rightly delineat-

ed-, and by the Stars in the tail of the South-

Fijh ;
and is at right angles with the Colurus
JEquinoBiorum
i
found above and fo it hath all :

the characters of the Colurus Soljlitiorum rightly

'
drawn. ; .

The
 of the Greeks.
The two Colures therefore, which in the time
the Ecliptic in
ef the Argonautic Expedition cut
the Cardinal Points, did in the end
of the year
«. 6°. 19' 6 °* ^°.
i6$9 cut it in •,

19 \
and zz. 6°. 19 that is, at the diltanccOf
,

1 Sign, 6 Degrees and 19 Minutes from the

Cardinal Points of Chiron as nearly as we have ;

Been able to determin from the coarle obler-

vations of the Ancients: and therefore the
Cardinal Points, in the time between that Expe-
dition and the end of the year i68<>, have gone
back from thofe Colures one Sign, 6 Degrees and
2 9 Minutes which, after the rate of 72 years
5

to a Degree, anlwers to z6 27 years. Count

thole yearsbackwards from the end of the year
16857, or beginning of the year 1690 , and
the reckoning will place the Argmautic Expedi-
tion, about 43 years after the death of Solomon.
By the fame method the place of
any
Star in the Primitive Sphere may readily be
found, counting backwards one Sign, 6°.
z9 .
from the Longitude
which it "had in the
end of the year of our Lord
16S9. So the
Longitude of the fir If Star of
Aries in the end
°* the a r l6% 9 was
f
count backward ,

t Sign,'*”.
51'. as above:
ls ' an d its Lon _
guude counted from the
Equinox in the middle
of the Conftdlation
of Arks, in the time of the
^ z
Argo-
 :

Of the Chronology
Argonautic expedition, will be K. u°. *2':
and
by the fame way of arguing, the Longitude of
the
Lucida Pleiadum in the time of the Argonautic
Expedition will be r. 19 0 2.6'. 8": and the .

LChgitude of Ar&urus w. 13 0 . 24'. 52": and

(b of any other Stars.
After the Argonautic Expedition we hear no
more of Agronomy ’till the days of Thales:
aert. in
halete.
He e
revived Aftronomy, and wrote a book of
lin. 1.2. the Tropics and Equinoxes, and predi&ed E-
12 . f
18. clipfes •, and Pliny tells us, that he determined the
Plin. 1.

• a 3-
Occafus Matutinus of the Pleiades to be upon the
25th day after the Autumnal Equinox: and
Pctav. V ar. thence % Petavius computes the Longitude of
Di/T. I. x. 0
S- the Pleiades in r. 23 .
53': and by confe-

quence the Lucida Pleiadum had, fince the Ar-

gonautic Expedition, moved from the Equinox
r
4°. 2 6 . 52": and this motion, after the rate

of 7 2 years to a Degree, anfwers to 3

2 o years

count the(e years back from the time in which

Thales was a young man fit to apply him (elf to

Aftronomical Studies, that is from about the

41ft Olympiad, and the reckoning will place
the Argonautic Expedition about 44 years after
the death of Solomon, as above: and in the
days of Thales, the Solftices and Equinoxes, by
this reckoning, will have been in the middle of
the eleventh Degrees of the Signs, But Thales,
in
 1

of the Greeks.
in publilhing his book about the Tropics and
Equinoxes, might lean a little to the opinion of
former Aftronomers, lo as to place them in the
twelfth Degrees of the Signs.
h
Meton and Eu&emon, in order to publifli die ^ Pc

Lunar Cycle of nineteen years, oblerved the 1.

4 .

Summer Solftice in the year of Nabonajfar 3 6 y

the year before the Peloponnejian war began and *,

Columella
1
tells us that they placed it in the 1
Coiumei
' - - 9. c. 14.
1.

eighth Degree of Cancer, which is at leaft (even piin.i. is.'

Degrees backwarder than at firft. Now the E-

c * 1S '

quinox, after of a Degree in feventy

the rate
and two years, goes backwards leven Degrees
in 504 years count backwards thole years
:

from the 316 th year of Nabonajfar, and the Ar~

gonautic Expedition will fall upon the 44th year
after the death of Solomon , or thereabout, as
above. And thus you lee the truth of what
we cited above out of Achilles Paths ; viz. that
Ibme anciently placed the Solftice in the eighth
Degree of Cancer, others about the twelfth De-
gree, and others about the fifteenth Degree
thereof.
Hipparchus the great Aftronomer, comparing
his own
Oblervations with thole of former As-
tronomers, concluded firft of any man, that
the Equinoxes had a motion backwards in re-
fpe#: of the fixt Stars : and his opinion was,
S that
 ,

Of the Chr o NOLOCY ^ c

tii.u they went backwards one Degree in about

an hundred years. He made his obfervations of
the Equinoxes between the years of Nabonafar

5 86 and 6 1 8 the middle year is c o 2

:

Waich is / 186 years after the aforefaid obferva-

tion of Melon and EuBemon and in thefe
;

years the Equinox muft have gone backwards

four degrees, and fb have been in the fourth De-
D
gree of Aries in the days of Hipparchus, and by
conlequence have then gone back eleven De-
grees fince the Argonautic Expedition j
that is,

in o 5) o years, according to the Chronology of

1

the ancient Greeks then in ufe: and this is

after the rate of about 99 years, or in the next
round number ar^hundred years to a Degree,
as was then ftated by Hipparchus. But it really
went back a Degree in feventy and two years,
and eleven Degrees in 7 9 z years count thefe :

of Nabo-
7 9% years backward from the year
najfar 6 02, the year from which we counted
the 2.8 6 years, and the reckoning will place
" the ArgonauticExpedition about 4 3 years after
the death of Solomon. The Greeks have there-
fore made the Argonautic Expedition about three
hundred years ancienter than the truth, and
thereby given occafion to the opinion of the
great Hipparchus, that the Equinox went back-
ward after the rate of only a Degree in an hun-
dred years, Hejtod
 : :

of the G REEKS.
Uefad tells us that fixty days after the winter
Solftice the Star ArBurus role juft at Sunfet : and
thence, follows that Hefiod flouriflied about an
it

hundred years after the death of Solomon, or in

the Generation or Age next after the Troj&
*
war, as Hefiod himfelf declares.
From all thefe circumftances, grounded upon
the coarfe obfervations of the ancient Aftrono-
mers, we may reckon itArgo -
certain that the

% nautic Expedition was not earlier

than the Reign
of Solomon and if thefe Agronomical argu-
ments be added to the former arguments taken
from the mean length of the Reigns of Kings,
according to the courfe of nature from them
all we may fafely conclude that the Argonautic
-Expedition was after the death of Solomon, and
molt probably that it was about 4 3 years af-
ter it.

The Trojan War was one Generation later

than that Expedition, as was laid above,, feveral
Captains of the Greeks in that war being Ions
of the Argonauts and the ancient Greeks
reckoned Memnon or Amenophts , King of Egypt,
to have Reigned in the- times of that war,
feigning him to be the- fon of Tithonus the el-
der brother of Priam,and in the end of that
war to have come from Sufa to the abidance
of Priam, Amenophis was therefore of the fame
 , :

Of the Chronology
age with the elder children of Priam, and was
with his army at Sufa in the laft year of that
war and after he had there finilhed the Memno-
:

nia, he might return into Egypt, and adorn it

With Buildings, and Obelisks, and Statues, and

die there about 5>o or 95 years after the death
of Solomon when he had determined and fet-
;

tled the beginning of the new Egyptian year of

Equinox,
365 days upon the Vernal
fo as to

deferve the Monument above-mentioned in me-

mory thereof.
Rehoboam was born in the laft year of King

David, being 4 * y ears old at the Deattl of

So ‘

lomon 1 Kings xiv. 1 1 and therefore his fa-

.

ther Solomon was probably born in

the 1 8th

of King David's Reign, or before and two :

year
David befieged
or three years before his Birth,
and
Kabbah the Metropolis of the Ammonites,
committed adultery with Bathjheba: and
the

year before this fiege began,

David vanquifhed
Confederates the Syri-
the Ammonites, and their
and Maacab,
ans of Zobab, and Rehob, and IJhtoh,
and Damajcus, and extended his Dominion over

as to the entring in of
all thefe Nations as far
and. before
Hamath and the River Euphrates
this war began he fmote
Moab, and Ammon, and
them
Edom, and made the Edomites fly, fome of
W
into EevPt with their King Hadad, then a
little

child,
 : ,

of the Greeks. 97
and others to the Philiflims, where they
child;
fortified Azoth again 0;
and others, I
Ifrael ;

think, to the Per(tan Gulph and other places

whither they could efcape and before this he
:

had feveral Battles with the Philiflims and alf :

this was after the eighth year of his Reign, in

which he came from Hebron to Jerufalem. We
cannot err therefore above two or three years,
if we place this Vi&ory over Edom in the e-

leventh or twelfth year of his Reign; and that

over Ammon and the Syrians in the fourteenth.
After the flight of Edom, the King of Edom
grew up, and married Tahaphenes or Daphnis, the
filler of Pharaoh's Queen, and before the Death

of David had by her a fbn called Genuhah, and

this fbn was brought up. among the children of
Pharaoh and among thefe children was the
chief or firjl horn of her mother s children, whom
Solomon married in the beginning of his Reign
;

and 'her little Jijler who at that time had no

hreajls, and her brother who then fueled the
hreajls of his mother, Cant. vi. and viii. i,
s>-
8 and of about the fame Age with thefe chil-
:

dren was Sefac or Sefoflris for he became

King
•

of Egypt in the Reign of Solomon i

, Kings xi.
4° and before he began to Reign he warred
>
.

un er his father, and whilfl he was

very young,
conquered Arabia , Troglodytica and Libya
, and
O -
then

I
 :

Of the Chronology
then invaded Ethiopia ;
and fucceeding his fa-

ther Reigned ’till the fifth year of Afa and

therefore he was of about the fame age with the
children of Pharaoh above-mentioned j and
might be one of them, and be born near the
end of David's Reign, and be about 4 6 years
old when he came out of Egypt with a great Ar-
my to invade the Eaft and by reafbn of his
:

great Conquefts, he was celebrated in feveral

Nations by feveral Names. The Chaldeans cal-
led him Belus , which in their Language fignified
the Lord: the Arabians called him Bacchus^

which in their Language fignified the great : the

Phrygians and Thracians called him Ma-fors, Ma-

jors, Mars} which fignified the valiant: and

thence the Amazons, whom he carried ^ from

Thrace and left at Thermodon, called themfelves
the daughters of Mars. The Egyptians before

his Reign called him their Hero or Hercules ,•

and after his death, by reafon of his great

works done to the River J'dilej dedicated that

River to him, and Deified him by its names
Sihor, Nilus and JEgyptus j and the Greeh
hearing them lament O Sihor, Bou Sihor, called
k
him Ojtris and Bujiris. Arrian tells us that the
Arabians worlhipped only two Gods, Coelus and
Dionyfus
-

y
and that they worfhipped Dionyfus
. for the glory of leading his Army into India.
k The
 : ,

of the Greeks.
The Vionyfus of the Arabians was Bacchus, and
all a°ree that Bacchus was the lame King of
Egypt with Ojiris and the Ccelus, or Uranus, or
:

Jupiter Uranius of the Arabians I take to

be
the fame King of Egypt with His father Ammob,
according to the Poet

(Mamnjis lEthiopum populis , Arabumque heatis

Gentibus, atque Indi's unus Jit Jupiter Ammon.

I place the end of the Reign of Sefac upon the

fifth year of Afa, becaufe in that year Afa be-

came free from the Dominion of Egypt, fo as

to be able to fortify Judaa, and raile that great
Army with which he met Zerah, and routed him.
Ojiris was therefore (lain in the fifth year of

Afa, by his brother Japetus, whom the Egypti-

ans called Typhon, Python, and Neptune :and then
the Libyans, under Japetus and his foil Atlas, in-
vaded Egypt, and railed that famous war be-
tween the Gods and Giants, from whence the
Nile had the name of Eridanus: but Orus the
fon of Ojiris, by the aftiftance of the Ethiopians,
prevailed, and Reigned ’till the year of
1 5 th
Ajax and then the Ethiopians under Zerah in-
vaded Egypt , drowned Orus in Eridanus, and
were routed by Afa fo that Zerah could not re-
,

cover himfelf. Zerah was fucceeded by Ameno-

z O phis.
 ;

CO Of the Chronology
youth of the Royal Family of the Ethiopi-
fhify a
ans, and I think the fon of Zerah: but the
People of the lower Egypt revolted from
him, and fet up Ofarfiphus over them, and cal-
led to their afliftance a great body of men from
Ph^nicia, • I think a part of the Army of Afa •

and thereupon Amenophis, with the remains of

his father’s Army of Ethiopians, retired from the

lower Egypt to Memphis, and there turned the

River Nile into a new channel, under a new

bridge which he built between two Mountains
and at the fame time he built and fortified that
City againft OJarJiphus, calling it by his own
name, Amenoph or AEemphis i and then he retired

into Ethiopia, and flayed there thirteen years ; and

then came back with a great Army, and fub-
dued the lower Egypt, expelling the People
which had been called in from Phmicia and :

take to be the fecond expulfion of

the
this I
1
Moph. Shepherds. Dr. Cafiel tells us, that in Coptic

this City is called Manphtha , whence by con-

traction came its Names Moph , Noph.

While Amenophis flaid in Ethiopia, Egypt was

in its greatefl diffraction : and then it was, as I

conceive, that the Greeks hearing thereof con-

trived the Argonautic Expedition, and lent the
flower of Greece in the Ship Argo to perfuade
the Nations upon the Sea Coalls of the Euxine
«

of the Greeks.
from Egypt,
and Mediterranean Seas to revolt
Libyans , Ethio-
and fet up for themfelves, as the
pians and Jews had done before. And
this is a

further argument for placing that Expedition

about 43 years after the Death of Solomon tkis
Period being in the middle of the diltra&ion of
Egypt. Amenophis might return from Ethiopia,
and conquer the lower Egypt about eight years
after that Expedition, ana having fettled his
Government over it, he might, for putting a
flop to the revolting of the eaftern Nations, lead
his Army into Perjia, and leave Proteus at Mem-
phis to govern Egypt' in his abfence, and flay
fome time at Sufa, and build the Memnonia, for-
tifying that City, as the Metropolis of his Domi-
nion in thofe parts.
Androgens the fon of Minos, upon his over-
coming in the Athencea, or quadrennial Games at
Athens in his youth, was perfidioufly flain out of
envy : and Minos thereupon made war upon the
Athenians, and compelled them to- fend every
eighth year to Crete feven beardlefs Youths, and as
'

many young Virgins, to be given as a reward

to him that fhould get the Vi&ory
in the like
Games inflituted in Crete in honour of Andro-
gens Thefe Games feem
to have been celebrated
in the beginning of
the Ottacteris, and the A-
thencea in the
beginning of the Tetraeteris, then •

brought
 , , , ,

102 Of the Chronology 1

brought into Crete a nd Greece

.
by the Phtmicmv.
and upon the third payment of the
tribute of
child en, mat is, about feventeen
1
years after the
laid war was at an end, and about
nineteen or
twenty years after the death of Androgens, the-
feus became Victor,and returned from Crete
with Ariadne the daughter of Minos and com- ;

« Euanthes ing to the Illand Naxus or Dia m Ariadne was

apud Athe- there relinquiihed by him, and taken up by
nxum, 1. 67.
p'. 296. Glaucus an Egyptian Commander at Sea, and
became the miftrels of the great Bacchus, who
at that time returned from India in Triumph;
n Hyginus and a by him Ihe had two lons^ Phlyas and Eu-
Fab. 14.
rnedon, who were Argonauts This Bacchus was
.

caught in bed in Phrygia with Venus the mother

0
* Homer. of ALneas, according to Homer juft before he ;

OdyfT. 1
v. 292.
. 8.
came over the Hellefpont and invaded Thrace ;

and he married Ariadne the daughter of Minos

t Hefiod. according to Hefiod p and therefore by theTe-
:

Theogon.
v. 945*.
ftimony of both Homer and Hefiod, who wrote
before the Greeks and Egyptians corrupted their
Antiquities, this Bacchus was one Generation
older than the Argonauts ; and fo being King
of Egypt at the fame time with Sefiofiris, they
muft be one and the lame King for they agree :

allb in their actions ; Bacchus invaded India and

Greece, and after he was routed by the Army
of Perfieus, and the war was compofed, the
Greeks
 5>

the Greeks. I(

Greeh did him great honours, and built a Tem-

ple to him at Argos , and called it the Temple
of the Crejian Bacchus, becauie Ariadne was
q s Pau
buried in it, as Paufanias relates. Ariadne 1 . 2 .

therefore died in the end of the war, jufl % befo!fc

the return of Sefojlris into Egypt, that is, in the

1 4th year of RehoboamShe was taken from

:

Naxus upon the return of Bacchus from India

and then became the Miflrels of Bacchus, and
accompanied him in his and there-
Triumphs;
fore the expedition of Thefeus to Crete, and the
death of his father ALgeus, was about nine or
ten years after the death of Solomon. Thefeus was
then a beardlefs young man, fuppofe about 1
or 10 years old, and Androgeus was flain about
twenty years before, being then about zooru
years old ;• and his father Minos might be about
i y years older, and fo be born about the mid-
dle of David's Reign, and be about
70 years
old when he purfued Dadalus into Crete : and
Europa and her brother Cadmus might come
into Europe, two or three years before the
birth of Minos.
1 8th
Juftin y in his book, tells, us : rege A
Afcaloniorum expugnati Sidonii navibus
appulfi Ty-
ron urbem ante annum * *
Trojan* cladis condide-
rmti And Strabo, x that Aradus
was built by the ' Strabo
men who fed from Zidon.
Hence •
Ifaiah calls "m.„i
Tyre
 : ,,

°4 Of the Chronology
Tyie the daughter
of Zidon, the inhabitants of iht
ip whom the Merchants of Zidon have replenijh-
* i Kings 1
cd and Solomon in die beginning of his Reign
calls the People of Tyre Zidonians. My Servants,
fiith he, in a Mdlage to Hiram King of Tyre

Jhall he with thy Servants, and unto thee will I

give hire for thy Servants according to all that thou
dejirejl: for thou knowejl that there is not among
us any that pan shill to hew timber like the Zido-
dians. The new Inhabitants of Tyre had not
yet loft the name of Zidonlans, nor had the old
were any confiderable num-
Inhabitants', if there
ber of them, gained the reputation of the new
ones for skill in hewing of timber, as they
would have done had navigation been long in
ule at Tyre. The Artificers who came from Zi-
don were not dead, and the flight of .the Zidtu
mans was in the; Reign of' David, and by con-
fluence in the beginning of the Reign of Ahi-
halus the father of Hiram, and the firft King of
Tyre mentioned in Hiftory. David in the
twelfth year of his Reign conquered Edom, as
above, and made fomc of the Edomites, and
chiefly the Merchants and Seamen, fly from the
Red Sea to the PhiliJHms upon the Meditev ean >

u
» Steph. in where they fortified Axoth. For Stephanas tells
Azoth,
us TclvtIw $xh<rs v 3$ rm brcayifhovlm (hi
:

EevOeclc 3-abdosw Qewyctt'w : One of the Fugi-

7 fives .
 :

of the Greeks. ic*

tms from the Red Sea built Azoth that is, a
:

Prince of Edom, yho fled from David, fortified

Azoth for the Philijlims againll him. The Phi-

UJlims were now grown very ftrong, by the ac-

cefs of the Edomites and Shepherds,, and by their
afliftance invaded and took Zidon, that being a
town very convenient for the Merchants who
fled from the Red Sea and then did the Zido-
:

nians fly by Sea to Tyre and Aradus , and to o-

ther havens in Ajia Minor, Greece, and Libya,
with which, by means of their trade, they had
been acquainted before*, the great wars and
victories of David their enemy, prompting
x
them to fly by Sea : for they went with a great * Conon.
multitude, not to leek Europa as was pretended, Narrat 37 -

but to leek new Seats, and therefore fled from

their enemies and when fome of them fled
:

under Cadmus and his brothers to Cilicia, Ajia

minor, and Greece others fled under other Com-
•,

manders to leek new Seats in Libya, and there

built many walled towns, as Nrnnus y affirms y Nonnw
and their leader was alfo there called Cadmus,
^
which word fignifies an ealtern man, and his * fe<* u -

wife was called Sithonis a Zidonian. Many

from thole Cities went afterwards with the o-reat
Bacchus in his Armies and by thefe things^ the
:

taking of Zidon, and the flight of

the Zidonians
under Abibalus, Cadmus, Cilix , Thajhs, Memblia-
T nus.
 Y , ,

6 Of the C HRONOLOG
viusy Alymnus , and other Captains, to Tyre, Am
das, Cilicia, Rhodes, Carta, Bithynia, Phrygia,
CaJliJle, Thafus, Samothrace, Crete, Greece and
Libya, and the building of Ty re and Thebes, and
beginning of the Reigns of Abibalus and Cadmus
over thole Cities, are fixed upon the fifteenth or
fixteenth year of David's Reign, or thereabout.
By means of thele Colonies of Phoenicians the
people of Caria learnt fea-affairs, in fuch fmall
veffels with oars as were then in ule, and be-

gan to frequent the Greek Seas, and, people

(ome of the Iflands therein, before the Reign of
Minos : for Cadmus, in coming to Greece, arrived
firft at Rhodes, an Ifland, upon the borders
of

Caria, and left there a Colony of Phoenicians

who lacrificed men and the Telchines
to Saturn ;

beino- repulfed by Phoroneus, retired from

Argos

to Rhodes with Phorhas, who purged, the

Ifiand

from Serpents-, and Triopas, .the ion of Phorhas ,

Colony from Rhodes to Caria, and

carried a
there potfefied himfelf of a
promontory, thence
called Triopium and by this and fuch like Co-
:

lonies Cariawas furniftied with Shipping and

z
. Athen.1.4. Seamen, and called Ph amice. Strabo and Berth
^ Strabo. d°tus * te ^ us > ^ac ^ie Cares were Leleges,

1. 10. p.66r. ajjd became lubje<5t to Minos,, and lived fir ft in

Herod.i. i.
jllands of the Greek Seas, and went thence
of
into Caria, a country polled before by fbme
c the
 : : : .

of the Greeks. IOJ?

the Leleges and whence it’s probable

Pelafgi

that when Lelex and Pelafgus came firft into

Greece to feek new Seats, they left part of their

Colonies in Caria and the neighbouring Iflands.

The Zidonians being ftill poflefled of the
trade of the Mediterranean) as far weft ward as
Greece and Libya and the trade of the Red Sea
,

being richer ;
on the Red bea
the Tyrians traded
in conjunction with Solomon and the Kings of
Judah , ’till after the Trojan war and lb alfo did ;

the Merchants of Aradus, Arvad, or Arpad

b
for in the Perjian Gulph were two Iflands b
Strabo. I.

called Tyre and Aradus, which had Temples

1 6 .

like the Phoenician and therefore the Tyrians and

;

Aradians failed thither, and beyond, to the Coafts

of India3 while the Zidonians frequented the
Mediterranean and hence it is that Homer cele-
brates Zidony and makes no mention of Tyre.
But at length, c in the Reign of Jehoram King « 2 chron.
of Judah, Edom revolted from the Dominion 8 IO >
-

of Judahy and made themfelves a King; and viii. 20, 22,

the trade of Judah and Tyre upon the Red Sea
being thereby interrupted, the Tyrians built
ftrips merchandile upon the Mediterranean
for
,
and began there to make long Voyages to places
not yet frequented by the Zidonians
fome of
y
them going to the coafts of Afric beyond the
Syrtes9 and building Adrymetum Carthage Lep-
} }

P z tis3
 > ,

Of the Chronology
t}.\y and CapJit and others going to the
LJ tic Ay •

Coafts oi Spain, and building Carteia Gades

,

and Tartcffus and others going further to the

,

Fortunate Ijlands and to Britain and Thule

Teh oram Reigned eight years, and the two laft
years was lick in his bowels, and before that
iicknefs Edom revolted, becaufe of Jehoram\
wicked Reign: if we place that revolt about
the middle of the firft fix years, it will fall up-

on the fifth year of Pygmalion King of Tyre, and

(o was about twelve or fifteen years after the

taking of Troy and then, by reafon of this re-
:

volt, the Tyrians retired from the Red Sea ,

and began long Voyages upon the Mediterranean $.

for in the feventh year of Pygmalion, his Sifter

Dido failed to the Coaft of Afric beyond the
Syrtesy and there built Carthage. This re-

tiring
&of the Tyrians from the Red Sea to make
long Voyages on the Mediterranean, together
the flight of the Edomites from Danjid
to

the tradition both

the Philifims, gave occafion to
of the ancient Perjians, and of the Phoenicians
themfelves, that the Phoenicians came originally
from the Red Sea to the coafts of the Me-
diterranean- and prefently undertook long
d
Voyages, as Herodotus relates : for Herodotus,
.

in the beginning
of his firft book, relates that

the Phoenicians coming from the Red Sea to the

Medi-
 .

- ••
of the .
Greeks.
Meiitemmatt, and beginning to make long
Voyages with Egyptian and Afjyrian wares, among
other places came to Argos, and having fold
their wares, feized and carried away into Egypt

fome of the Grecian women who came to bity

them and amongft: thole women was lo the
•,

daughter of Inachus. The Phoenicians therefore

came from the Red Sea, in the days of Io and
her brother Phoroneus King of Argos, and by
confequence at that time when David conquered
the Edomites, and made them fly every way
from the Red Sea^, fome into Egypt with their
young King, and others to the Philijlims their
next neighbours and the enemies of David. And
thisEight gave occafion to the Philijlims to call
many places Erythra, in memory of their being
Erythreans or Edomites, and of their coming
from
the Erythrean Sea for Erythra
*,
was the name of
a City in Ionia, of another in Libya, of another
in Locris, of another in Bceotia, of another in
Cyprus, of another in
JEtolia, of another in
Afia near Chius and Erythia Acra was a pro-
;

montory in Libya, and Erythrmm a

promontory
in Crete, and
Erythros a place near Tybur,
and
rytlm a Cuy or
Country in Papblagmm and :

r thea or Er
T fl , n j f S yth* was given to the
.7
Ut>
Gaia, peopled by
n capte Batten
Phmicians. So Soli-
infula a continent}, feptin-

tenth
 , .

IO Of GY
£' Jf
MeB,
a h,:

Erytheam,
\
me ™™tur quam
Pmi fia h / Ga£
Tyrii a mhro m„i
y
'•
* non marmt- And nmy, f concerning a
!f”‘ Jn< } jfc
^ ncar ' t krythia dilla
> ejl quantum Tyrii
aborigines eorttm, mi ah Erythrao mart ferAmur.
Among the Phoenicians who came with Cadmus
P
«” i 9 lllto
'

Gm"> there were * Arabians, and ‘

Erythrt-

‘ Herod V 7 ' m .
°r Inllabltants °f the Red Sea, that is Edo-
’
mites ; and in Thrace there fettled a People who
were circumcifed and called Odmantes, that is,

as fome think, Edomites. Edom 3 Erythra and

Phoenicia are names of the fame fignification, the
words denoting a red colour which makes it :

probable that the Erythreans who fled from Da-

rn* <vid3 numbers in Phoenicia3 that
fettled in great

is, in all the Sea-coafts of Syria from Egypt to

. 'Zidon j and by calling themfelves Phoenicians

in the language of Syria3 inftead of Erythreans3
gave the name of Phoenicia to all that Sea-coaft,
i
»
Strabo. 1. 1 . and to that only. So Strabo Oi yetp xj :

;p. 4 2
raV <Pomxctgy kcu rdg 'Zidovixg vdg xctS- vfidg

‘}h7dix<sg eivcu t
1

cv t<£ flKgavtS <Qol<ti 3 7Tg$(r-

TlSivIsg X.OU diet 77 <PoiWigg C4iCthSflo 3 077 #

S-ctActrfot i§v$-%ct- Alii referunt Phcenices & Sido-

Tiios nojlros ejfe colonos eorum qui funt in Oceano3

addentes illos ideo vocari Phcenices [puniceos] quod

mare ruhrum Jit.

Strabo
 of the Greeks
‘ s "^° :

Strabo mentioning the full men who left the

k

Sea-coafts, and ventured out

into the deep, and

undertook long Voyages, names

Bacchus , Her-
“ - "•
and faith 1

Ulyffes and Menelaus ;

-

cults, Jafon,

that the Dominion of Minos over the

Sea
celebrated, and the Navigation of the Phoenicians
who. went beyond the Pillars of Hercules, and
built Cities there, and in the middle of the Sea-
coaftsof Afric, prefently after the war of Troy.
Thefe Phoenicians were the Tyrians , who at that
1
i
j3ochart.
L x*
time built Carthage in Afric and Carteia in Spain, ,

and Gades in the Ifland of that name without

the Straights and gave the name of Hercules to
-,

their chief Leader, becaufe of his labours and

fiiccefs, and that of Heraclea to the city Carteia

which he built. So Strabo m ’Ji,x7F7\Z'&(riv &j/ lx. :

m Strabo.l.
3*
p. 140.
TJJ£ YlfMZTZQCLS S-C/LKOLtIk &$ tIw 1^0), foPlOV l<?l

T.OVJO’ XCU 7T$0S CLVTO KttATTl)

[Kct^TfilCt] TTOhlS Vid. Phil.
hvTtrlaqyxovlci ectfioK ci%io7\oy(& xcu ncThoLioL, r anfaa -
J s 3S9-
VCLVTCt^fXO V 7T0T& r^pOfXZ\lY\ T&h
ZVIOl
xcu H^yxAzas xha-jULOL 7\.zykscriv dvTluu> &y
¥ Ttpo&itng- '

og cp
£m H&entetcui
omzCy&cu to 7tcChcuor folm&m TS /ULZyOLV
‘ti&Zofov, Kj pgaroatve. Mans Calpe ad dextram ejl
e nojhro mart

indejtadia mbs
foras navigantibus
, &
Carteia vetujla ac memorabilis olim
ad quadraginta
,
Jtatio naybus Hifpanorum.
Hanc ab Hercule qui-
am con it am aiunt, inter quos ejl
Timoflbenes, qui
tarn
 ,

12 Of the Chronology
earn antiquitus Hevacleam
fuijfe appellatam refen,
ojtendique adhuc magnum murorum circuitum
&
navalia. This Hercules, in memory of his build-
ing and Reigning over the City Carteia, they cal-
led alfo Melcartus the King of Carteia. Bo-
n
Catkin. chart writes, that Carteia was at firft called Met-
1. i. c. 34
p. 682.
carteia, from its founder Melcartus, and by an
Aphterejis, Carteia and that Melcartus CigniRss
Melee Kartha, the King of the city,
that is,

•faith he, of the city Tyre but confidering that :

no ancient Author tells us, that Carteia was ever

called Melcarteia, or that Melcartus was King of
Tyre ;
had rather fay that Melcartus, or Melee-
I

cartus, had his name from being the Founder and

Governor or Prince of the city Carteia. Under
Melcartus the Tyrians failed as far as Tartejfus or

a place in the Weftern part of Spain,

Tarjhijh,
between the two mouths of the river Boetis, and
* Ariftot. de there they
0
met with much filver, which they
Mirab. they failed alfo as far as
purchafed for trifles :

p
v Plin. I.7. Britain before the death of Melcartus ;
for Pliny
c. $ 6 •
tells us. Plumbum ex Caffiteride infula primus appot-
q
<3 Canaan. tannt Midacritus : And Bochart obferves that
1. 1. c. 39.
Midacritus is a Greek name corruptly written for
Melcartus ; Britain being unknown to the Greeks
r
Philoftra-
long was difeovered by the Phoenicians
after it
.

tus in. vita

they built a Tem- 1
Apollonii
After the death of Melcartus,
1. 5“* c. i #

in the Illand Gades, and adorned

it
r t 0 him
apud Pho ple
£ium»
with
 ,

of the Greeks.
with the fculptures
of the labours of Hercules,
Horlcs to he whom
and of his Hydra, and the
Bijlmes in Thrace
threw D tomtits. King of the
to be devoured. In this Temple
was the golden
T3 j.. n A the- o-nlden Olive of Pygma-
e,

bearing Smaragdine fruit : and by hefe c on-

tl
lion

fecrated gifts of Teucer and Pygmalion, you may

know that it was built in their days. Pomponius
derives it from the times of the Trojan war \ for
Teucer, feven years after that war, according to
the Marbles, arrived at Cyprus , being banifhed
from home by his father Telamon, and there
built Salamis and he and his Pofterity Reigned
:

there ’ till Evagoras, the lafl of them, was con-

quered by the Perjians, in the twelfth year of
Artaxerxes Mnemon. Certainly this Tyrian Her-
cules could be no older than the Trojan war, be-
caufe the Tyrians did not begin to navigate the
Mediterranean ’till after that war for Homer and :

Hejiod knew nothing of this navigation, and the

Tyrian Hercules went to the coafts of Spain,
and was buried in Gades fb Arnohius s
:
; Tyrius s

Hercules fepultus in finibus Hifpanice : and Mela,

fpeaking of the Temple of Hercules in Gades,
ianh. Cur fanBum fit offa ejus ibi
fepulta efficiunt.
Carthage * paid tenths to this Hercules, and
fent *

then payments yearly

to Tyre : and thence it’s c
proba le that this Hercules
went to the coaft of
Q* Afric,
 : , :

4 Of the Chr ONOLOG Y

as to that of Spain, and by his
1 r

dilcoveries prepared the way to Dido: Orofius

rof. 1.
5". and others tell us that he built Cap
fa there.

us 1. 3. Jofephas tells of an earlier Hercules, to whom Hi-

rain built a Temple and perhaps there
at Tyre
might be alio an earlier Hercules of Tyre, who
fet on foot their trade on the Red Sea in the

days of David or Solomon.

Tatian, in his book againft the Greeks relates,

that amongft the Phoenicians flouriihed three an-

cient Hiftorians, Theodotus , Hyjicrates and Mo-
chus, who all of them delivered in their hi/lories,

tranflated into Greek hy Ltetus, under which of

the Kings happened the rapture of Europa; the

voyage of Menelaus into Phoenicia and the league ;

and friendjhip between Solomon and Hiram, when

•Hiram gave hh daughter to Solomon, and fur-
nifhed him with timber for building the Temple:

and that the fame is affirmed by Menander of

x
Antiq. 1. 8. Pergamus. Jofephus lets us know that the
&
2, $.
9. c. 14.
Annals of the Tyrians, from the days of Abiba-
lus and Hiram, Kings of Tyre, were extant in his
days and that Menander of Pergamus tranflated
j
1
them into Greek-, and that Hiram s friendihip to
Solomon, 'and afliftanee in building the Temple,
was mentioned in them and that the Temple
5

was founded in the eleventh year of Hiram

and by the teftimony of Menander and the an-
cient
 , ,

of the Greeks. I]

hiftorians, the rapture of Eu-

dent Phoenician
and by conference the
coming of her
rope
brother Cadmus into Greece happened within
of the Reigns of the Kings
of Tyre
the time
delivered in thefe hiftories ; and
therefore ftbt

the Reign of Abibalus, the fir If of

them, 4
before
nor before the Reign of King David his con-
temporary. The voyage of Menelaus might be
after the deftrudion of Troy . Solomon therefore
Reigned in the times between the raptures of
Europa and Helena and Europa and her brother
Cadmus flourilhed in the days of David. Minos,
the fon of Europa, flouriflied in the Reign of
Solomon, and part of the Reign of Rehoboam:
and the children of Minos, namely Androgens
his eldeft fon, Deucalion his youngefl fon and
one of the Argonauts, Ariadne the miffrefs of
Thefeus and Bacchus, and Phadra the wife of
Thefeus ;
end of Solomon,
flouriflied in the latter

and in the Reigns of Rehoboam, Abijah and A fa :

and Idomeneus, the grandfon of Minos, was at the

war of Troy: and Hiram fucceeded his father
Abibalus, in the three and twentieth year of Da-
vid: and Abibalus might found the Kingdom of
Tyre about or eighteen years before,
fixteen
when Zddon was taken by the Philijlims and
;

the Zidonians fled

from thence, under the conduct
of Cadmus and other commanders, to feek new
i feats.

V,
 Of the Chronology
fears. Thus bythe Annals of Tyre,
and the an-
aent Phoenician Hiftorians
who followed them
AbiMus, Alymnus , Cadmus, and
Europa fled from
Zidon about die fixteenth year of
David's Reimi:
a*d the Argonautic Expedition being later
by a-
bout thiee Generations, will be about
three
hundred years later than where the Greeks have
placed it.

After Navigation in long {hips with (ails,

and one order of oars, had been propagated

from Egypt to Phoenicia and Greece, and thereby
the Zidonians had extended their trade to Greece,
and carried it on about an hundred and fifty
years; and then the Tyrians being driven from
the Red Sea by the Edomites, had begun a new
trade on the Mediterranean with Spain, Afric,
Britain, and other remote nations they carried
;

it on about an hundred and flxty years; and

then the Corinthians began to improve Naviga-

tion, by building bigger fliips with three orders
/ Thucyd. of oars, called Triremes. For y Thucydides tells
1. 6 initio.

Eufeb. Chr. us that the Corinthians were the nrfl; of the

Greeks who built fuch Ihips, and that a fhip-

carpenter of Corinth went thence to Samos, about
300 years before the end of the Peloponnefian
war, and built alfo four fliips for the Samians ;

and that z 6 o years before the end of that war,

that is, about the z <>th Olympiad, there was a
 ,

of the Greeks. 1 *7

between the Corinthians and the

Cor-
ficht at fea
menti-
cyreans which was the oldeft lea-fight
Thucydides tells us further, that
oned in hiftory.
Greeks fent into Si-
the firll colony which the
i

cily, came from Chalets in Euboea, under the can- |

of Thucles , and built Naxus and

the next
dud ;
|
year Archias came from Corinth with
a colony,

and built Syracufe } and that Lanas came about

the fame time into Sicily , with a colony from
Megara in Achaia , and lived firll: at Trotilum,
and then at Leontini , and died at Thapfus near
Syracufe and that after his death, this colony
•,

was invited by Hyblo to Megara in Sicily, and

lived there 14 5 years, and was then expelled by
Gelo King of Sicily. Now Gelo flourifhed about
78 years before the end of the P eloponnejian
war: count backwards the 78 and the Z45
years, and about 1 z years more for the Reign
of Lamis in Sicily, and the reckoning will place
the building of Syracufe about
335 years be-
fore the end of tne Peloponnejian war, or in the
tenth Olympiad and about that time Eufebius
;

and others place it : but it might be twenty or

thirty years later, the antiquities of thofe days
having been raifed more or lefs by the Greeks.
From the colonies henceforward lent into Italy
and Sicily came the name of Gracia magna.

Thucy-
 :

Tfiucyd.ib.
Of the Chronology
1
Thucydides tells us further, that the Grteb
began to come into Sicily
almoft three hundred
years after
the Siculi had invaded
that Uaad
With an army out of Italy
: fuppole it zSo
7C«s aftei, and the building of Syracuse
}
310
years before the end of the
# Peloponnefian war;
and that invaflon of
by the Siculi will be
Sicily

5 S>o years before the end of that war, that is,

in the 27 th year of Solomon’s Reign, or there-
a
Apud Di- about. Hellanicus Was in the
tells us, that it
onyf. 1. 1 .

p. ry.
third Generation before the Trojan war and in ;

the 2 (7 th of the Priefthood of Alcinoe

year ,

Prieffefs of Juno Argnsa and Philijlius of Syra-

cufe3 that it was 80 years before the Trojan
war: whence it follows that the Trojan war
and Argonautic Expedition were later than the
days of Solomon and Rehohoam, and could not be
much earlier than where we have placed them.
Herod. 1. 8. The Kingdom of Macedon b was founded by
• I 37-i
Caranus and Perdiccas, who being of the Race
of Temenus King of Argos, fled from Argos in
the Reign of Phidon the brother of Caranus.
Temenus was one of the three brothers who led
the Heraclides into Peloponnefus, and fhared the
conquefl: among themfelves : he obtained Ar-
gos ;
and after him, and his fon Cifus, the King-
dom of Argos became divided among the pofte-
rity of Temenus 3 until Phidon reunited it, expel-

5 ling
 ;,

Greeks. 1 *9
of the
liner his kindred. Phidm grew potent, appoint-
ed°wci (T hts and meafures in Petofonmfus, and

coined iilver money ;

and removing the Pifians
the Olympic games
and Elams, prefided in
but was foon after fubdued
by the Eleans ana
• Hcr*.l.8.
Spartans. Herodotus ‘ reckons that Perdiccas
King of Macedon
-
later uiitcis,
was the fir ft ,

as Livy, Paufanias and Suidas, make 6 aranus • ;•

''
'

the firft King :

Jujlin calls Perdiccas the file-
ceffor of Caranus \
and S olinits faith that Perdic-
cas fucceeded Caranus •,
and was the firft that oh- .

tained the name of King. It’s probable that

’

Caranus and Perdiccas were contemporaries, and •

j

fled !ibout the fame time from Phidon, and at

firft erected fmall principalities in Macedonia
which, after the death of Caranus, became one
d
under Perdiccas. Herodotus tells us, that after* Herod.
1 1.8.'

c ' I39 ’

Perdiccas Reigned Armis, or Argeeus, Philip,

ALropus, Alcetas, Amyntas, and Alexander, fuc-
ceffively. Alexander was contemporary to Xer-
xes King of Perjia, and died An. 4. Olymp.

79, and was fucceeded by Perdiccas, and he by

his fon Archelaus : and Thucydides e tells us that e
Thucyd.
there were eight Kings of Macedon before rope
this g„ ei£
Archelaus now by reckoning above forty
:

years a-piece to thefe Kings,

Chronologers have
made Phidon and Caranus older than the Olym-
piads j whereas if we fhould reckon their Reigns
*
at
 120 Of the Chronology
at about 1or 10 years a-piece
8
one with an-
her, the fir ft feven
Reigns counted backwards
trom the death of this Alexander,
will place the
dominion of Phidon, and the beginning of the
Kingdom of Macedon under Perdiccas and
Ca-
» raim s, upon the 4<>th or
4 yth Olympiad, or
thereabout. It could Icarce be earlier, becaule

Leocides the fon of Phidon, and Megacles the (on

of Alcmaon, at one and the lame time courted
Agarijla, the daughter of Clijlhenes King of Si-

Herod. 1.
cyon, as Herodotus f tells us and the Amphi&y -
127. ons, by the advice of Solon y made Afcmgon, and
Clijlhenes, and Eurolycus King of Theffaly, com-

manders of their army, in their war againlt Cir-

.rha;
and the Cirrheans were conquered An. 1.
Olymp. 47. according to the Marbles. Phidon
therefore and his brother Caranus were contem-
porary to Solon, Alcmaon, Clijlhenes , and Euroly-
cus, and flouridied about the 48 th and 4 *>rh
Olympiads. They were allb contemporary in

their later days to Croefits ;

for Solon converfed

with CmJus, and Alcmaon entertained and con-

duced the medengers whom Crnfius lent to con-
duit the Oracle at Delphi, An. 1 Olymp. 5 . <>.

according to the Marbles, and was lent for by

Croefius, and rewarded with much riches.

But the times fet down in the Marbles before

the Perjian Empire began, being collected by
reckon-
 * • I

Greeks. 121
of the
reckoning the Reigns
of Kings equipollent to
Generations to an hun-
Generations, and three
the Reigns of Kings,
dred years or above * and
the propor-
one with another, being fhorter in
the Chronology
tion of about four to (even j
fetdown in the Marbles, until the Conqueft of
Media by An. 4, Olymp. Co, will ap-
Cyrus,

proach the truth much nearer, by fliortening the

times before that Concjueft in the proportion of
four to (even. So the Cirrheans were conquered
An. 2, Olymp, 47, according to the Marbles,
that is
5 4
years before the Conqueft of Media ;
and thefe years being iliortened in the propor-
tion of four to feven,become 3 1 years which ;

fubduCted from An. 4, Olymp. Co , place the

Conqueft of Cirrha upon An. 1 , Olymp. 5 3 :

and, by the like correction of the Marbles, Ale-

niaon entertained and conducted the meflengers
whom Cmfus fent to confult the Oracle at Del-
phi, An. 1 , Olymp. that is, four years be-
5 8 ;

fore the Conqueft of Sardes by Cyrus : and

the Tyranny of Pijtjkatus, which by the Marbles
began at Athens, An. 4, Olymp.
54, by the
like correction began An.
3 , Olymp. j 7 and •

by confequence Solon died An.

4, Olymp. 57.
This method may be ufed
alone, where other
arguments are wanting but where they are not
;
Wanting, the belt arguments arc
to be preferred.
R Iphttus
 122 Of the Chronolog
e Strabo.l. 8.
Ifbttus 6
prefidcd both in the
P- 3 SS-

P'terOIymf„<s, and in the Olympic

Temple of %
Games, a„J
io did his fucceffors
'till the zdth Olympiad,
ana io long the vidors were rewarded
with a
Tripos: but then the Pifaans getting above
the
Weans, began to prefide, and rewarded
the
im gors with a Crown, and inftitutcd the
vi-

Cornea
to Apollo and continued to prefide
; ’dll PhiJon
interrupted them, that is, ’till about the time of
'Paufan. h
1. 6 . c. 22.
the 4<?th Olympiad 48th Olym-
: for in the
piad the Eleans entered the country of the Pi-
f<eans, fufpe&ing their defigns, but were pre-

vailed upon to return home quietly ;

afterwards
the Pifceans confederated with feveral other Greek
nations, and made war upon the Eleans ,, and in

the end were beaten : in this war I conceive it

was that Phidon prefided, fuppole in the 451th

1
3 Paufan. Olympiad ;
for in the 5 oth Olympiad, for
1. f. c. 9.
putting an end to the contentions between the
Kings about prefiding, two men were chofen by
lot out of the city Elis to prefide, and their

number in the65 th Olympiad was increafed to

nine, and afterwards to ten and thefe judges ;

were called Hellen&dica, judges for or in the

name of Greece. Paufanias tells us, that the
Eleans called in Phidon and together with him
celebrated the 8 th Olympiad he fliould have ;

laid the 45 th Olympiad but Herodotus tells us,

:

4 that,
 of the Greeks. 123
tlist Phidon removed tlic Pie a ns \
nnd bo.h mi^ht
be true: the E leans might call in Phidon again ll

the Pifa ans,and upon overcoming be refufed

prefiding in the Olympic games by Phidon, and
confederate with the Spartans, and by their
abidance overthrow the Kingdom of Phidon, I

and recover their ancient right of prefiding in

the games.
k
Strabo tells us that Phidon was the tenth k Strabo. 1.8.

p
from Temenus not the tenth King, for between '

Cifus ajid Phidon they Reigned not, but the

tenth from father to fon, including Temenus. If
2.7 years be reckoned to a Generation by the
elded ions, the nine intervals will amount unto
2.43 years,which counted back from the 48th
Olympiad, in which Phidon flouriftied, will place
the Return of the Heraclides about fifty -
years
before the beginning of the Olympiads, as
above.
•But Chronologers reckon about 5*1
years from 5
~

the Return of the Heraclides to the

48 th Olym-
piad, and account Phidon the feventh
from Te-
menus which is after the rate of
}
8 5 years to a
Generation, and therefore not to be
admitted.
Cyrus took Babylon, according
to Ptolomy’s
Canon, nine years before his
death, An. Na-
onajf. io
5) An. z, Olymp. 60: and he took
ar es a little before,
namely An. 1, Olymp.
5 9, as Scaliger colledts
from Sojicrates : Crcefus
R z was

/
I2 4 Chronology
Qf the
was then King of Sardes and Reigned
, fourteen
years, and therefore began to
Reign An.
Olymp. 5 5 After Solon had made laws for
.

the Athenians, he obliged them upon oath to

ottferve thofe laws ’till he returned from his

i>
travels and then travelled ten years, going to
Egypt and Cyprus, and vifiting Thales of Miletus :

and upon his Return to Athens, Pifijlratus be-

gan to affed the Tyranny of that city, which
made Solon travel a fecond time j
and now he
was invited by Croefus to Sardes and Cmfus,
before Solon vifited him, had fubdued all Ajia
Minor, as far as to the River Halys and there-
fore he received that vifit towards the latter

part of his Reign and we may place it upon

*

the ninth year thereof. An. 3 , Olymp. 57: and

the lemflature of Solon twelve years earlier,
&
An. 3 ,
Olymp. 54: and that of Draco foil ten
years earlier. An. 1, Olymp. 5 2.. After Solon

had v ih ted Crcejus, and fome

he went into Cilicia

Phanias other places, and died in his

travels and this 1
:

^viufsoio- was in the fecond year of the Tyranny of Pifi-

ftratus. Comas was Archon when Solon returned

from his firft travels to Athens ; and the next

year Hegejlratus was Archon, and Solon died be-

fore the end of the year. An. 3 , Olymp. 5 7,
as aboveand by this reckoning the objedion
:

of Plutarch above mentioned is removed.

 of the Greeks.
We have now fliewed that the Phoenicians of
Zidon, under the conduct of Cadmus and other
captains, flying from, their enemies,
came into
Greece , with letters and other arts, about the fix-

teenth year of King David’s Reign > that il-

ropa the After of Cadmus , fled fome days before
him from Zidon and came to Crete, and there be-
came the mother of Minos, about the i 8 th or
10th year of David’s Reign that Sefojlris and
;

and by confequence alio Ojiris,

the great Bacchus,
were one and the fame King of Egypt with
Sefacy and came out of Egypt in the fifth year
of Rehoboam to invade the nations, and died z
5
years after Solomon ;
that the Argonautic expedi-
tion was about 4 3 years after the death of So-
lomon-, that Troy was taken about 76 or 78
years after the death of Solomon 3
that the Phoe-
nicians of Tyre were driven from the Red Sea by
the Edomites, about 87 years after the death of
Solomon, and within two or three years began
to
make long voyages upon the Mediterranean,
and beyond, under a commander
failing to Spain ,

whom for his induftry, condud, and diicove-

ries, they honoured with the names
of Melcartus
and Hercules ; that the return of the Heraclides
into Peloponnefus was about
158 years after the
death of Solomon that Lycurgus the Legiflator
;

Reigned at Sparta
t and gave the three Diics to
the
i6 Of the Chronology
the Olympic treafury, An. Olymp. i8,
i,
or
^7 3 years after the death of Solomon, the 6W
ftertium being at that time added to the 0-
lympic Games ;
that the Greeks began foon af-
tei^to build Triremes , and to fend Colonies into
0)
Sicily and Italy , which gave the name of Gracia
magna to thofe countries that the fall Meffe-
;

Tiian war ended about years after the death

3 50

of Solomon , An. 1 Olymp. 3 7 that Phidon

,
•

was contemporary to Solon, and prefided in the

Olympic Games in the 49th Olympiad, that
is, 3 5? 7 years after the death of Solomon that

Draco was Archon, and made his laws. An. 1,

Olymp. 5 2. ;
and Solon, An. Olymp. 5 4
3 , ;
and

that Solon vifited Crcefus Ann. 3 , Olymp. j 7, or

of Solomon and Sar-
years after the death
433
des was taken by Cyrus 4 3 8 years, and Babylon
by Cyrus 443 years, and Ecbatane by Cyrus 445
years after the death of Solomon and thefe :

periods being fettled, they become a foundation

for building the Chronology
of the antient
times upon them 3
and nothing more remains
for fettling fuch a Chronology, than to make
thele Periods a little exa&er, if it can be, and
to fliew how the reft of the Antiquities
of

Greece Egypt, Afjyria, Chaldaea,

,
and Media
may fuit therewith.

Whil ft
 Greeks. 127
of the
Whilft Bacchus made hi s expedition into India,
Diety as
'thefeus left
Ariadne in the Illand Naxtts 01
Athens ;
above, and fucceeded his father /Egeus at
and upon the Return oi Bacchus
from India3
Ariadne became his and accompanied
miftrefs,

him in his triumphs and this was about ten

j
\

years after the death of Solomon and from that:

time reigned eight Kings in Athens, viz. 7Ise-

feus, Menejlheus, Demophooiiy Oxyntes, Aphidasj
Thymtstesy and Codrus
Melanthusy thefe Kings, •,

at 1 5> years a-piece one with another, might

take up about 1 5 2 years, and end about
44
years before the Olympiads : then Reigned
twelve Archons for life, which at 1
4 or 15
years a-piece, the State being unftable, might
take up about 174 years, and end An. 2,
Olymp. 3 3- then reigned {even decennial
;

Archons, which are ufually reckoned at feventy

years but fome of them dying in their Re-
•,

gency, they might not take up above forty

year-,
and fo end about An. 2, Olymp.
43/Ibout
which time began the fecond Meffenian war:
thefe decennial Archons were followed by the
annual Archons, amongft whom were the Le-
gs flators Draco and Solon. Soon after the death
of Codrus , his fecond fon Meleus
} not bearing
the Reign of his lame brother
Medon at Athensy
retired into and. was by
Afia y followed his
younger;
 , , , : , -

123 Of the Chronology

younger brothers Androcles and Cyaretus and
many others had the name of Ionians,
; thefe
from Ion the (on of Xuthus who
, commanded
the army of the Athenians at the death of Erech-
theusyand gave the name of Ionia to the coun-
ft try which they invaded: and about 10 or 15
years after the death of Codrus, thefe new Co-
lonies, being now Lords of Ionia, fet up over
themfelves a common Council called Panionium,
and compofed of Councilors lent from twelve
of their cities, Miletus , My us, Priene, Ephefus,
Colophon, Lehedus, Teos, Clazomena, Phocaa, Sa-
mos, Chios and Erythraa : and this was the Io-

nic Migration.
Vid. Dionyf.
HalicarnalT.
When the Greeks and Lathes were forming

!-i-P44)4 S- their Technical Chronology, there were great

difoutes about the Antiquity of Rome the Greek
made it much older than the Olympiads feme :

of them faid it by ALneas others, by Ro

was built ;

by
mus, the fon or grandfon of /Eneas-, others,
Romus the fon or grandfon of Latinus King 0
the Aborigines ; others, by Romus the fon of
U-

fyfes, or of Afeanius,
or of Italus and fome :

of the Lathes at firfl fell in with the opinion

of the Greeks, faying that it was built by Romu-

lus, the fon or grandfon
of /Eneas. Ttmteus Si-
culus reprefented it built by Romulus, the
grand-

fon of lEneas above- an hundred years before

- -
•
the
 of the Greeks. *
* Wm I

and fo did Navhts the Poet,

the olympiads ;

years older than Ennius, and

who was twenty
ferved in the fir (l Punic war, and wrote the
hiftory of that war. Hitherto nothing certain
was agreed upon, but about 140 or 150 ye!hs
after the death of Alexander the Great , they
began to lay that Rome was built a fecond time
by Romulus, in the fifteenth Age after the de-
ftru&ion of Troy: by Ages they meant Reigns
of the Kings of the Latines at Alba, and rec-
koned the firft fourteen Reigns at about 4 \ z
years, and the following Reigns of the feven

Kings of Rome at 2.44 years, both which num-

bers made up the time of about 6 -jC years
from the taking of Troy, according to thefe
Chronologers j
but are much too long for the
courie of nature and by
: this reckoning they
placed the building of Rome
upon the fixth or
feventh Olympiad Varro
} placed it on the firft
year of the feventh Olympiad,
and was there-
in generallyfollowed by the Romans but
this •

can fcarce be reconciled to

the courfe of na-
ture for I do not meet with
:
any inftance in
all hiftory, fince Chronology was certain,
where-
m feven Kings, moft of whom were flain,
feigned 144 years ln continual
fucceftion. The
fourteen Reigns
of the Kings of
wenty years a-piece
La fme^
one with another, a-
^
s mount
 1

Of the Chronology
mount unto 18 0 years, and theft years counted
from the taking of Troy end in the 8 th Olym-
3
piad and the (even Reigns of the Kings of
:

Rome, four or five of them being {lain and one

deeded, may at a moderate reckoning amount
to fifteen or fixteen years a-piece one with ano-
ther : let them be reckoned at (even teen years
a-piece, and they will amount unto 1 9 years
which being counted backwards from the Regi-

fuge, end alfo in the 3 8 th Olympiad : and by

the(e two reckonings Rome was built in the 3 8 th
Olympiad, or thereabout. The z8o years and
the 11 9 years together make up $99 years ;

and the fame number of years arifes by counting

nineteen years
the twenty and one Reigns at
a-piece and this being the whole time between
:

Regifuge, let thefe years

the taking of Troy and the
be counted backward from the Regifuge, An
the taking of
Olymp. 6 8, and they will place
Troy about 74 years after the death of Sob-

mon.
from Thrace into
returned
When Sefijlris
part of his army m
Egypt, he left Metes with
Colchis, to guard that pafs
and Phryxus and Ins
;

fifter Helle fled from Ino,

the daughter of Cadmus,
in a fhip whofe enfign was
to Metes fcon after,
in the
a golden ram:- Ino was therefore alive
in which
fourteenth year of Rehoboam, the year
 t o of the Greeks.
Sefojh-is
and by confluence
returned into Egypt -,

her father Cadmus flouriilied in

the Reign of

David, and not before. Cadmus was the father of

Poly dorus, the father of Labdacus, the father of
Lai us, the father of Oedipus, the father of Eno-
chs and Polynices who flew one another in their
youth, in the war of the (even Captains at 7 hebes,
about ten or twelve years after the Argonantic
Expedition and Therfander, the foil of Polynices ,
:

warred at Troy. Thefe Generations being by the

eldelt fons who married young, if they be
reckoned at about twenty and four years o a
Generation, will place the birth of Poly dm us
upon the x of David's Reign, or there-,
8 th year
about: and thus Cadmus might be a young
man, not yet married, when he came fir ft into
Greece. At his firfl coming he fail’d to Rhodes,
and thence to Samothrace, an Ifland near Thrace
on the north fide of Lemnos , and there married
Harmonia, the filter of Jafius and Dardanus,
which gave occafion to the Samothracian myfte-
ries: and Polydorus might be their fon,
born
a year ortwo after their coming and his filter j

Europa might be then a young woman, in the

flower of her age. Thefe Generations cannot
well be Ihorter and therefore Cadmus, and his
•,

fon Polydorus , were not younger than we have

reckoned them : nor can they be much longer,
S z without
 :

132 vf the Chronology

without making Polydorus too
old to be born in
Europe, and to be the Ton
of Harmonia the fifter
oi Jafius. Labdacus was
therefore born- in the
end of David's Reign, Laws in the
14th year
o^Solomon s, and Oedipus in the feventh of Reho-
0 boam s, or thereabout : unlefs you had rather fay,

that Polydorus was born at Zidon, before his father

came into Europe , but his name Polydorus is in
the language of Greece.
Polydorus married NyBeis, the daughter of
NyBeus a native of Greece, and dying young,
left his Kingdom and young fon Labdacus un-
der the adniiniffration of NyBeus. Then Epopeus

King of /Egialus, afterwards called Sicyon, ftole

m
Paufan. Antiope the daughter of NyBeus, and NyBeus
2. c. 6.
thereupon made war upon him, and in a battle
wherein NyBeus overcame, both were wounded
and died foon after. NyBeus left the tuition of
Labdacus, and adminiftration of the Kingdom, to
his brother Lycus-, and Epopeus or, as Hyginus
Hygin. n Sicyonian, left his King-
r
ab & 8 calls him, Epaphus the
7
dom to Lame don, who prefently ended the war,

by fending home Antiope and fhe, in returning

home, brought forth Amphion and Zethus. Lab'
dacus being grown up received the Kingdom
from Lycus, and foon after dying left it again
to his adminiftration, for his young fbn Lams.
When Amphion and Zethus were about twenty
C years
 , ,

of the Greeks. !
33
irrigation of their mother An-
years old, at the

tiope,
and made Lams flee to
they killed Lycus,
Pelops, and feized the city
Thebes and compafled

it with a wall and Amphion married Niobe the

•,

children,
After of Pelops, and by her had feveral
amongft whom was Chloris, the mother of Peri- |

clymemts the Argonaut. Pelops was the father of

Plijlhenes , and Agamemnon
Atreus, and Thyejles \

and Menelaus, the adopted Tons of Atreus, warred

at Troy. ALgiJlhus, the fon of Thyejles, flew Aga-
memnon the year after the. taking of Troy and
Atreus died juft before Paris ft ole Helena, which,
according to ° Homer, was twenty years before the ° Homer,
taking of Troy. Deucalion the fon of Minos,
was p
fHyg'n.
an Argonaut-, and Talus another fon of Minos 1<ab - ‘4*

was flain by the Argonauts and Idomeneus and

Meriones, the grandfons of Minos were at the
,

Trojan war. All thefe things confirm the

ages of Cadmus and Europa, and their pofterity,
above afligned, and place the death of Epopeus
or Epaphus King of Sicyon, and birth of Amphion
and Zethus , upon the tenth year of Solomon and •

the taking of Thebes by Amphion and Zethus,

and
the flight of Laius to Pelops, upon the thirtieth
year of that King, or thereabout.
Amphion
might marry the filter of Pelops, the fame year,
and Pelojs come into Greece three or four years
before that flight, or about the xCt h year of
Solomon ,
In
 Of the Chronology
In the days of Erechtheus King
of Athens, and
Celeus King of Eleufis, Ceres came into Attica •

and educated Triptolemus the ion of Celeus , and

oiner.
E.
flyf.
taught him to fow corn. She q lay
with Jafm,
odor. If. of'Jafms, the brother of Harmonia the wife of
2 37 *
V Cadmus ;
and prelently after her death Erechtheus
was {lain, in a war between the Athenians and
Eleujinians ;
and, for the benefaction of bringing
tillage into Greece, the Eleujinia Sacra were infti-
x
Diodor, tuted to her with Egyptian ceremonies, by Ce-
i. p. 17.
leus and Eumolpus ana a Sepulchre or T emple
;

was ereCted to her in Eleujine , and in this Tem-

ple the families of Celeus and Eumolpus became
her Priefts and this Temple, and that which
:

Eurydice ereCted to her daughter Vanae, by the

name of Juno Argha, are the fir it inftances that

I meet with in Greece of Deifying the dead, with

Temples, and Sacred Rites, and Sacrifices, and I-
nitiations, and a fucceflion of Priefts to perform
them. Now by this hiftory it is manifeft that
Erechtheus, Celeus, Eumolpus, Ceres} jajius, Cad-
musy Harmonia , Ajleriusy and Dardanus the bro-
ther of Jajius, and one of the founders of the
Kingdom of Troyjwetc all contemporary to one
another, and flouriflied in their youth, when Cad-
mus came firft into Europe. Erechtheus could not
be much older, becaufe his daughter Procris con-

vers'd with Minos King of Crete ;

and his grand-
 of /te
)©reeks.
daughters, who lay with Her-
fon 7kfpis had
fifty
the mother
daughter Oritbyia was
,1 and his
t leir
of Calais and Zetes,
two of the Argonauts in
Orneus was the father of
me ramc !

youth-, and his fon

.

*• 2 »
C. 1 ),

Peteos, the father Mmtfiius.vho warredV

of
Troy normuch younger, becaule his lccond on
who with the Metionides depoied his
Pandion,
elder brother Ce crops, was the father of /Egeus,
the father of Thefeus and Met ion, another of his

fbns, was the father of Eupalamus, the father of

Dadalus, who was older than Thefeus and his
daughter Creufa married Xuthus, the fon of Hel-
len, and by him had two fons, Achaus and Ion \

and Ion commanded the army of the Athenians

againft the Eleujinians, in the battle in which his
grandfather Erechtheus was {lain : and this was
juft before the inftitution of the Eleujinia Sacra,
and before the Reign of Pandion the father of
ALgeus. Esrechtheus being an Egyptian procured
corn from Egypt, and for that benefaction was
made King of Athens and near the beginning
of his Reign Ceres came into Attica from Sicily,
in queft of her daughter Proferpina. We cannot
err much if we make Hellen contemporary to
the Reign of Saul, and to that of David at
Hebron and place the beginning of the Reign
of Erechtheus in the 25 th year, the coming of
Ceres into Attica in the 30th year, and the dif
 , — ^ ,

136 Of the Chronology

pciTion ot com by Triptolemus about the 40th
year of David's Reign and die death of Ceres •

and Erecbtheus and inftitution of the Eleufmk

Sacra, between the tenth and fifteenth year of So-
Mon.
$ Teucer, Dardanus, Erichthonius, Tros, Iks,
Laomedon, and Priamus Reigned fucceflively at

Troy and their Reigns, at about twenty years

,

a-piece one with another, amount unto an hun-

dred and forty years which counted back from :

the taking of Troy, place the beginning of the

Reign of Teucer about the fifteenth year of the

Reign of King David $ and that of Dardanus in

the days of Ceres, who lay with Jafius the bro-
ther of Dardanus : whereas Chronologers reckon
that the fix laft of thefe Kings Reigned 196
years, which is after the rate of years a-piece

one with another ; and that they began their

Reign in the days of Afojes. Dardanus married
the daughter-of Teucer, the fon
of Scawander, and
fucceeded whence him : Teucer was of about the

fame age with David . .

Upon the return of Sejojlris into Egypt)

life* 2s
brother Danaus not only attempted his
who
above, but alfo commanded his daughters,
Tons
were fifty in number and had married the
their husbands ; and then
of Sefoflris , to flay
— * • 1 1

his daughters
1 a. — ^ ^
from 77
Egypt, in a Jong
^
fled with
flup
 ,

of the Greeks.
ihip of This Flight was in the four-
fifty oars.
Danaus came fiift to
-c

teenth year of Rehoboatn.

*

built a
Lindus, a town in Rhodes, anti there
Temple, and ere&ed a Statue to Minerva, and
loft three of his daughters by a
plague w-ffleh

raged there and then failed thence with the

;

reft of his daughters to Argos. He came to Ar-

gos therefore in the fifteenth or fixteenth year of
Rehoboam : and at length contending there with
Gelanor the brother of Euryjlheus for the crown
of Argos , was chofen by the people, and Reigned
at Argos, while Euryjlheus Reigned at Mycena
1
and Euryjlheus was born the fame year with ' Apoiiodcr.'
c ’
s '

Hercules. Gelanor and Euryjlheus were the Ions

of Sthenelus, by Nicippe the daughter of Pelops ;

and Sthenelus was the fon of Perfeus, and Reign-

ed at Argos and Danaus, who fucceeded him at
•,

Argos, was fucceeded .there by his fon in law Lyn-

ceus, and he by his fon Abas that Abas who is
•

commonly, but erroneoufly, reputed the father

ofAcrijius and Pratus. In the time of the Argo-
hiautlc expedition Cajlor and Pollux were beard-

lefs young men, and their fillers Helena and Cly -

temnejlra were children, and their wives Phabe

and Haira were alfo very young all theft, with:

the Argonauts Lynceus and Idas, were the grand-

children of Gorgophone, the daughter of Perfeus
the ion of Danae,t\\Q daughter of Acrifus and Eu~
« • T rydice •
 ,

Of the Chronology
ryclice j and Perieres and Oehalus, the husbands
ot Gorgophone, were the Tons of Cynortes, the
fon
of Amy clas, the brother of E urydice. Mejtor or
Majtor , the brother of Sthenelus , married Lyfidice
arflbther of the daughters of Pelops : and Pelops

married Hippodamia, the daughter of Ev arete,

the daughter of Acrijius. Alcmena, the mother of
Hercules, was the of Eleclryo and
daughter •

Sthenelus, Mejtor and Ele&ryo were brothers of

Gorgophone , and fons of Perfeus and Andromeda :

and the Argonaut JEfculapius was the grandfon

of Leucippus and Phlegia, and Leucippus was the
fon of Perieres, the grandfon of Amyclas the brother
of .Eurydice, and Amyclas and Eurydice were the
children of Lacedaemon and Sparta and Capaneus, :

one of the (even Captains again ft Thebes , was the

husband of Euadne the daughter of Iphis, the fon
of EleBor, the fon of Anaxagoras, the fon of Me-
gapenthes the fon of Pratus the brother of Acri-
,

jius. Now from thefe Generations it may be ga-

thered that Perfeus, and Anaxagoras

Perieres

were of about the fame age with Minos, Peleus,

/Egeus and Sefac and that Acrijius, Pratus,
•,

Eurydice, and Amyclas, being two little Genera-

tions older, were of about the fame age with
King David and Erechtheus ; and that the Tern-
pie of Juno Argiva was built about the fame
time with the Temple of Solomon-, the fame be-
 , , ,

.
of the Greeks; 139
Ing built by Bury dice to her
daughter Danae, as
above or as fome fay, by Pirafus or Piranthus,
;

the fon or fucceflor of Argus , and great grand-

fon of Phoroneus : for the fir ft Prieftefs of ^hat
Goddefs was Callithea the daughter of Piran-
thus ;
Callithea was fucceeded by Akinoe a-
bout rhree Generations before the taking of Troy
that is about the middle of Solomons Reign : in
her Priefthood the Siculi parted out of Italy into
Sicily : afterwards Hypernmejlra the daughter of
Danaus became Prieftefs andof this Goddefs,
fhe flourifhed in the times next before the Ar-
gonautic expedition and Admeta the daughter
:
,

of Euryjlheus was Prieftefs of this Juno about the

times of the Trojan war. Andromeda the wife of
Perfeus, was thedaughter of Cepheus an Egyptian,
the fon of Belus, according to u Herodotus
,
and u
Herod i. 7
the Egyptian Belus was Ammon : Perjeus took
her
from Joppa, where Cepheus, I think a kinfman
of
Solomon s Queen, reftded in the days
of Solomon,
Acrifius and Pratus were the fbns of Alas
but :

this Abas was not the fame man

with Abas the
grandfon of Danaus, but a much older
Prince,
who built Abaa in Phocis,
and might be the
Prince from whom the ifland Euboea w was an-wBoch art .
cientiy called Abantis, and
the people thereof ? anaan P art -

antes or Apollonius Rhodius x

. 3
te Is us, that
the Argonaut Canthus
* A J!,
was the fon of Canethus, Argonaut!'
l‘ I,V 77
- *

and
 ,

140 Of the Chronology

and that Canethus was of the pofterity of Abas-
and the Commentator upon Apollonius tells us fur-
ther, that from this Abas the inhabitants of Euboea
we^p anciently called Abantes. This Abas therefore

flourillied three or four Generations before the Ar-

« gonaut ic expedition, and Co might be the father of

Acrifius : of Acrijius were accounted

the anceftors .

Egyptians by the Greeks, and they might come

from Egypt under Abas into Euboea and from
thence into Peloponnejus. I do not reckon P b orbos
and his fon Triopas among the Kings of Argos, be-
caufe they fled from that Kingdom to the Ifland
'Rhodes nor do I reckon Crotopus among them,
;

becaufe he went from Argos,

and built a new
r Conon.
Narrat. 13
city for himfelf in
Megans, as y Conon relates.
Greece about
Paufan. We {aid that Pelops came into
z
. 5'. c. 1.
2.6th year of Solomon he came thither in
:

ftpollodor. the
[. i. c. 7.
the days of Acrifius,
and in thofe of Endymion,
and of and took JEtoU from Mtoks.
his fons,
Aethlius the fon or Pro-
Endymion was the fon of
filter otHellen,
and daughter of V«-
tmnia, the
children of Ah-
caiion Phrixus and Helk, the
:

and fon of
mas, the brother of Siftfhus
their ftepmother lm,
the fon of Hellen, fled from
to /Eetes in Colchis, p«-
the daughter of Cadmus,
fently after the
return of Scfojlris into
was the fon of AJ">
and farm the Argonaut l° n
the fon of Cntheus,
the fon of /£o!us, the
 , , , ,

«
of the Greeks. 14 1

of fallen : was the wife of Aethliusr

and Calyce

aod mother of Endymion , and daughter

of ALolus,
and filter of Cretheus, Sjjyphus and Athainas :

and by thefe circumltanees Cretheus , Sifyphus and

Athamas flourilhed in the latter part of the Re^n
of Solomon, and in the Reign of Rehoboam : #
Aethlius, ALolus, Xuthus, Dorns , Tantalus and
Danae were contemporary to Erechtheus, JaJtus
and Cadmus, and Hellen was about one, and
Deucalion about
* T • “ r r
two Generations older than E-
^ — * . •* .

rechtheus. They could not be much older, becaufe

a
Xuthus the youngeft (on of Hellen married a
Paufan.
1 7 ‘ c ‘ *'*

Creufa the daughter of Erechtheus nor could

they be much younger, becaufe Cephalus the fen of
Deioneus, the fen of ALolus, the eldefl fen of Hel-
b
len, married Procris the daughter of Erechtheus * b Paufhn.

and Procris fled from her husband to Minos. & \[ ^ cg 9

3

Upon the death of Hellen, youngeft fen

his
c
Xuthus was expelled Theply by' his brothers « p au fan.
ALoliis and Dorus, and fled to Erechtheus, - and 1 7' c- *
married Creufa the daughter of Erechtheus by
whom he had two fens. Achat us and Ion, the
youngeft of which grew up before the death of
Erechtheus, and commanded the army of the
Athenians in the war in which Erechtheus was
(lain and therefore Hellen died about one Gene-
:

ration before Erechtheus.

Sifyphus therefore built Corinth about the latter
end
 -

Of the Chronology
end of the Reign of
O Solomon, or the
LUC beginning
L v7JL

Of
Ot the Reign
Reicrn of
of Rehoboam. TT_ .1 P n&
Upon the flight ,

of
Phnxus and Helle, their father
Athamas, a little
King in Bccotia, went diftraded and flew his
fon I. e arch us and his wife Ino threw
,
her felf
into the fea, together with her other fon Meli-
certus- and thereupon Sifyphus infli cured the
Ijlhmia at Corinth to his nephew Melicertus. This
was prefently after Sefojlris had left Aetes in Col
chis, I think in the fifteenth or lixteenth year
of
Rehoboam : Athamas, the fon of A.oks
fo that
and grandlon of Helleny and Ino the daughter
of Cadmus, flouriflied ’till about the fixteenth
year of Rehoboam. Sijyphus and his fucceflors
Ornytion3 Thoas3 Demophon} Propodas, Doridas,
and Hyanthidas Reigned fucceflively at Corinth,
’till the return of the Heraclides into Peloponm

fus : then Reigned the Heraclides, Aletes , Ixion,

Agelasy Prumnisy Bacchis, Agelas II, Eudamus ,

Arijlodemus, and about 170

Telefies fucceflively

years, and then Corinth was governed by Pryta-

mes or annual Archons about 42 years, ana af-
ter them by Cypfelus and Periander about 48
years more.
Celeus King of Eleujts, who was contempo-
Hefych. in d
Kpsc vctof*
rary to Erechtheusy was the fon of Rharus, the

fon of Cranausy the fucceflor of Ce crops and in

the Reign of Crdnausy Deucalion fled with his

Tons
 : , , , -

of the Greeks.
fcns Bellen and AmphiByon from the flood which
then overflowed Thefjaly, and was called Deuca-
lion's flood they fled into Attica and there
:

Deucalion died foon after ;

and Paufanias tells us
thajt his fepulchre was to be feen near Athens.
Hiiw eldeft fon Hellen fucceeded him in Thejfaly,
and his other fon AmphiByon married the daugh-
ter of Cranaus and Reigning at Thermopylae,
erected there the AmphiByonic Council ;
and
Acrijius foon after erected the like Council a„
Delphi. This I conceive was done when Am
phiByon and Acrijius were aged, and fit to be
Counfellors ;
fuppole in of thethe latter half
Reign of David, and beginning of the Reign
of Solomon and *foon after, fuppofo about the
;

middle of the Reign of Solomon, did Phemonoe

become the firfl Prieftefs of Apollo at Delphi,
and gave Oracles in hexameter verfe: and then
was Acrijius flain accidentally by his grandfon
Perfeus. The Council of Thermopylce included
twelve nations of the Greeks, without Attica, and
therefore AmphiByon did not then Reign at A-
thens he might endeavour to fucceed Cranaus
his
wife’s father, and be prevented by
Erechtheus.
Betw een the Reigns of Cranaus and Erech-
theus, Chronologers place alfo Erichthonim, and
his fon Pandion •, but I take this Erichthonius
and this his fon Pandion, to be the fame with
Erech
 t ,

*44
_
Of .
the Chronology \

*r
Erechtheus and his fon and fucceftor Pandion
,
the names being only repeated with a little va-
riation in the
of the Kings of .Attica: fQt
lift

Eychthovins, he that was the fon of the Earth,

nurfed up by Minerva, is by Homer called E-
Thcmift. e
rechtheus , and Themiflius tells us, that it was
19.
•
• % Erechtheus that firft joyned a chariot to horfes;
f
f Plato in and Plato alluding to the ftory of E richthonm
Alcib. 1.
in a basket, faith, The people of magnanimous
Erechtheus is beautiful, but it behoves us to be-

r\ .

hold him taken out : Erechtheus therefore immedi-

ately fucceeded Cranaus, while Amphittyon Reign-
ed at Thermopylae. In the Reign of Cranaus the

Poets place the flood of Deucalion ,

and therefore

the death of Deucalion, and the Reign of his

Tons Hellen and Amphi&yon, in Thejfaly and Ther-
mopylae, was but a few years, fuppofe
eight or

ten, before the Reign of Erechtheus.

The firft Kings of Arcadia were fucceffively

z Paufan. e
Pelafgus, Lycaon, NyHimus, Areas, Clitor, JEpy-
8. c. 1, 2,
].
tus, Aleus, Lycurgus, Echemus, Agapenor, Hif-
3? 4? S m

pothous, Mpytus II, Cypfelus, Okas, &c. Under Cyp-

Telus the tleraclides returned into Peloponnefis

as aboveAgapenor was one of thofe who

:

courted Helena he courted her before he

reign-

to the war at Troy,

ed, and afterwards he went
and thence to Cyprus, and there built Paphos.
T)
Echemus flew Hyllus the fon of Hercules.
’

<-
•
cmVis,
 ;

*
of the G RB EK s. >4?
h Paufan.
curgut, Cepheusy and Auge, were the children 1* S* c. *
4

of Aleujy the (on of Aphidas, die fon.of Areas, Argonaut.

Apollon..

the fon of Calliflo, the daughter of LycaOni l.i. v. 161

Auge lay with Herculesy and Ancaus the Ion of
Lycurgus was an Argonaut , and his unc.lc \'e-

pheus was Governour in that Expedition

his

and Lycurgus flay’d at home, to look after his

aged father Aleusy who might be born about 7 5
years before that Expedition; and his grand-
father Areas might be born about the end of
the Reign of Sauly and Lycaon the grandfather
of Areas might be then alive, and dye before
the middle of David’s Reign and His youngefl ;

fon Oenotrus, the Janus of the Latines, mi Hit

grow up, and lead a colony into Itdy before
the Reign of Solomon. Areas received bread- 1
* Paufan.
S. c.
corn from Triptolemus, and taught 1.
4 .

his people to
make bread of it and fo did Eumelus,
; the hr ft
King of a region afterwards called Achaia : and
therefore Anas and
Eumelus were contemporary
to Tnptolemusy and to
his old father Celeus,
to
and
rechtheus King of Athens
EW and her father^
; and
to Cranaus-.
Callijlo to
but
d ed * C
‘ 1

r auf’ f° « to leave room

S f a he
7?
n
-
thls Flood

“* aftetT t
years
 i *}6 Of the Chronology
no —
years to a Reign one with another, took un
a ouc ' * - years-,
about —
and
' 1

thefe years
r * F-

counted back
iiom the Return kji
of the
uic ncrcicuaeSy
Heraclides, pi
place the
Flood of Deucalion upon
M /y 4M I M » am ^m — m — m. 1 U

the fourteenth year of

David's Reign, or thereabout.
k
.Herod. ! f. Herodotus tells us, that the Phoenicians who
1 .g
Ji.
came with Cadmus brought many dodrines in-
to Greece : for amongfl thofe Phoenicians were a
fortof men called Curetes, who were skilled in
the Arts and Sciences of Phoenicia , above other
men, and fettled fome in Phrygia, where they
1

Strabo
10. p. 464,
.

Were called Ccryhantes fome in Crete } where \

\$S, 466.
they were called Idai Dallyli , fome. in Rhodes ,

where they were called Telchines ;

fome in Samo-

t brace, where they were called Cabiri ; fome in

Euboea, where, before the invention

of iron, they

wrought in copper, in a city thence called

Chal-

allifted Vulcan-,
fome
ets-, in Lemnos,’ where they
places: and a
and fome in Imbrus, and other
confiderable of them fettled in JEtolia,
number
of the Cu-
which was thence called the country
until JEtolus the fon
of Endymwn, having
retes ;
by
flain Apis King of Sicyon, fled thither, and
invaded it, and fiom
the afliftance of his father
his own name called it
ALtolia and by the a :

Cadmus found out

fi fiance of thefe artificers,

mountain Pangaus in Thrace , and

o-old
copper at
in the
Thebes whence copper ore is M
called Gadmia. Where they fettled they wrought
 : :

of the Greeks. H7
firft in copper, was invented, and
’till iron

then in iron and when they had made them-

\

it at the (acri-
felves armour, they danced in
bells, and
fices with tumult and clamour, and

pipes, and drums, and (words, with which &ey

ftruck upon one another’s armour, in mufical
times, appearing (eized with a divine fury ;
and
this isreckoned the original of mufic in Greece
m Studium m S oi; n
(o Soltnusy muficum inde captum cum . Po
Idm PaByli modulos crepitu & tinnitu arts de-
lyhlit ' c Ir *
‘

prehenfios in 'verjificum ordinem tranfiuliffent and

11
Ifidorus , Studium muficum ab Idais Daffy lis cap- ".Ifidor. ori
' ’

turn. Apollo and the Mules were two Genera-

0
tions later./ Clemens calls the Idai DaByli bar- °c Jem.

barous, that is Grangers ; and faith, that they Strom 1 - *•

were reputed the firft wife men, to

both whom
which they call Ephefian, and the in-
the letters
vention of mufical rhymes are referred it feems :

that when the Phoenician letters, afcribed to Cad-

mus, were brought into Greece, they were at
'
the (ame time brought into Phrygia and Cretey
by the Curetes ; who fettled In thofe countries,
and called them Ephefian , from the city Ephefus,
where they were firft taught. The Curetes by
,
theirmanufaduring copper and iron, and ma-
king fwords, and armour, and edged tools for
hewing and carving of wood, brought into Eu~
rope a new way of fighting- and gave Minos

U z an
 ,

148 Of the Chronology

Umty ° f
rr/
$ c1k dominion of the feas
a Flcec

;
-

and
and
fet on
gain-

foot

-r lj^h
dCS
aic
°[
S and Car Mters ^
f
ths
the foundation of
P ,

manual
Greece,

trades:
Mmos was without
n/r
Decdalus
n
fled from him by adding
fails, and
fails to his
ve/Tel
j
and therefore with fails were notfhips
ufed by the Greeks before the flight of
Daedalus,
and death of Minos , who was flain in purfu-
ing him to Sicily, in the Reign of Rehoboam.
Badalus and his nephew Talus, in the latter part
of the Reign of Solomon invented the chip- ax,
and law, and wimble, and perpendicular, and
compafs, and turning-lath, and glew, and the
potter’s wheel and his father Eupalamus invent-
;

ed the anchor and thefc things gave a begin-

:

ning to manual Arts and Trades in Europe.

ra
'

.
?l ^°
I O. p. 2}
The H
Curetes, who thus introduced Letters,

473. Diodor. ancJ Mufic,and Poetry, and Dancing, and

s ’ c 4
'

Arts, and attended on the Sacrifices, were no

‘

lefs a&ive about religious inftitutions, and for

their skill and knowledge and myftical practices,

were accounted wife men and conjurers by the
vulgar. In Phrygia their myfteries were about
Rhea, called Magna Mater, and from the places

where fhe was worfhipped, Cybele, Berecynthia,

Peffmuntia, Vindymene, Mygdonia, and Ideea Phry-

gia : and in Crete, and the Terra Curetum, they
were
 , , ,

Greeks. J49
of the
the (on of the Cre-
were about Jupiter Olympias,
tan Rhea: they reprefented,
1
that when Jupiter 'tort*

was bom mother Rhea caufed him

in Crete , his 472 j5 iodor.
.

1 c
to be educated in a cave in mount Ida
under 4 -

their care and tuition and f that they dandfcd

•,
‘ Lucian d

about him in armour, with great noife, that his Apoiiod. l.i
father Saturn might not hear him cry; and &c. a.fedt.i
c. i. 3

when he was grown up, affifted him in conquer-

ing his father, and his father’s friends ;
and in
memory of thefe things inftituted their myfte-
ries. Bochart * them from Palejline, and
brings ^Boch. in
Canaan. 1. i.
thinks that they had the name of Curetes from c. If.

the people among the PhiliJHms called Crethim

or Cerethites : EzeL xxv. 1 6. Zeph. ii. 5.
i Sam. xxx. 14, for the Philijlims conquered
Zidon and mixed with the Zidonians.
The two Kings of Crete , who reigned
firft

after the coming of the Curetes, were Aflerius

and Minos ; and Europa was the Queen of Ajle-
rius, and mother of Minos and the Idaan Cu-
;

retes were her countrymen, and came with her

and her brother Alymnus into Crete, and dwelt

in the Idaan cave in her Reign, and there edu-
cated Jupiter, and found out iron, and made
armour and therefore thefe three, Ajlerius, Eu-
:

ropa, and Minos , mull be the Saturn, Rhea and

Jupiter of the Cretans. Minos is u {ually called
the fon of Jupiter ;
but this is in relation to
the
 :

Of tha Chronology
in the fhape of a
JgH of 7f^
the Ship, carried
away
bull, 4,
oa Europa fi
Ztdm x for the Phoxnicians,
upon their firft com-
tng into Greece, gave the name
of Jao-pm
J'P“er > to every King and thus both Mil
:

ms and his
were Jupiters.
father Ecbemenes,
* Athen. an ancient author cited by Athemus, u
1.
/aid that
13.P.601.
Minos was that Jupiter who committed the rape
upon Ganimede j
though others faid more truly
that it was Tantalus : Minos alone was that
Ju-
piter who was mo ft famous among the Greek
forDominion and Juft ice, being the greateft

King in all Greece in thofe days, and the only

x
* Plutarch. in legiflator. Plutarch tells us, that the people of
Thefeo.
Naxus, contrary to what others write, pretend-
ed that there were two Minos’s, and two Ari-
adnes ;
and that the firft Ariadne married Bac-
chus , and the laft was carried away by Thefeus:
y Homer Ii. but y
Homer, Hejtod, Thucydides, Herodotus, and

& Straho, knew but of one and Horn Minos-,

Odfr. a.
T *
defcribes him to be the fon of Jupiter and Eu-
ropa, and the brother of Rhadamanthus and Sar-
pedon, and the father of Deucalion the Argonaut,

and grandfather of idomeneus who warred at

Troy, and that he was the legiflator of Hell
z
c Herod. 1. Herodotus
1.
makes Minos and Rhadamanthus the
fons 0 f Europa, contemporary to AEgeus : and
* Apoiiod.

HygiwFab. a Apollodorus and Hyzjnus fay, that Minos, the

41 4 *’ f
Sk ’
father
 : , 2

of the Greeks. 151

father of Androgens , Ariadne and Phtfdra, was
the (onof Jupiter and Europa, and brother of
Rhadamanthus and Sarpedon.
b
Lucian lets us know
mother b Lucian,
that Europa the
de ta yria *

of Minos was worftiipped by the name of Rhea,

in the form of a woman fitting in a chariot
drawn by lions, with a drum in her hand,
and a Corona turrita on her head, like Aftarte
c
and and the Cretans anciently Ihewed the
Ijis ;
c Diodor.'

houfe where this Rhea lived: and d Apollonius d

Rhodius that Saturn, 1 6'

tells us, while he Reigned '

over the Titans in Olympus, a mountain in Crete,

and Jupiter was educated by the Curetes in the
Cretan cave, deceived Rhea, and of Philyra be-
got Chiron and
therefore the Cretan Saturn and
Rhea, were but one Generation older than
Chi-
ron, and by confequence not older than
Afte-
rius and Europa, the parents of Minos for Chi-
ron lived ’till after the Argonautic Expedition,
and had two grandfons in that Expedition, and
Europa came into Crete above an hundred years
before that Expedition : Lucian e
tells us, that the * Lucian.
Cretans did not only relate, de facrificifs -
that Jupiter was
born and buried among them, but alfo fhewed
his lepulchre and Porphyry f
:
tells us, that Py-t Porphyr.in
thagoras went down into the ldeean cave, to fee vita Pytha
S-
is epulchre and Cicero 5 in numbering three
:
« Cicero dc
juptersy faith, that the Deor
third was the Cretan *

CT ** ^
jupitevy
 : ,

Of the Chronology
Jiipittr, Saturn’s Ion,
whole lepulchre was flaw-

k
ed m Crete : and the Scholiaft upon Callimachus
Callimac.
Hymn. i.
lets us know, that this was the fepulchre
of
s Wor ^ s are
^j > Ei/ KgijVw qJtu toJ m-
<p$ tQ M myiygnflo, MINI20C TOT
A IOC TAOOC. 7r$ xyv& q t£ Mtw(& Si
TTvKeiQQri, jars (sfetMtyOvm, AIOC TA$OC.
OK TfcVfc XV ZX&V Kiyxri K TOV TOL&OV T&
A log. In Crete upon the Sepulchre of Minos was
r
written , Minois Jovis fepulchrum : but in time
Minois fo that there remained
'wore out , only

Jovis fepulchrum, and thence the Cretans called

it the Sepulchre of Jupiter. By Saturn, Cicero

who was a Latine, underftood the Saturn fo call-

ed by the Latines : for when Saturn was ex-

pelled his Kingdom he fled from Crete by fea,

to Italy and this the Poets exprefl: by faying,'

j

that Jupiter cafl; him down to Tartarus , that is,

into the Sea : and becaufe he lay hid in Italy,

Satur-
the Latines called him Saturn ; and Italy, '

j Cypr- de nia, and Latium, and themfelves

Latines (o Cy- :

Idolorum
vanitate.
'
prian j
Antrum Jovis in Creta vifitur, & fepulchrum

ejus ojlenditur : & ah eo Saturnum fugatum e][e

no-
manifejlum ejl: unde Latium de latehra ejus

men accepit: hie literas imprimere, hie fignare

nummos in Italia primus injtituit , unde ararium

rujlicitatis hie cultor fuit, m*
Saturni vocatur j
ferens Cenex pingitur and Minutius Felix ;
Jfalcem J ‘

Saturnus
 -

of the Greeks. I S3

Saiurnus Creta profugus, Italtam metu flit feyt-

entis accefferat , & Jani fufceptus hofpitio, rudes

illos homines & agrefies multa docuit , at Grcecalus

& politus, literas imprimere, nummos fignare, in-

latebram flaw, qfood
jlrumenta conflere : itaque

tuto latuijfet, yocari malait hatium, & urbem

Saturniam de fuo nomine * Ejusflius Jupiter Cretce
exclufo parente regnayit, illic obiity illic flios ha-
buit -j adhuc antrum Joyis yijitur, & fepulchrum
ejus oflenditury & ipjis facris Cuts humanitatis ar-
k
guitur : and TertullianQuantum rerum argumen-
*, Ten Apo
loset c
' ' IO°
ta docent, nufquam inyenio jideliora quam apud ip-
fam Italians in qua Saturnus pojl multas expediti-
onesy pojlque Attica hofpitia conjedit, exceptus ah
Janoy yel Jane ut Sali't yolunt . Mons quern ince
luerat Saturnius diBus : ciyitas quam depalayerat
Satumia ufque nunc efi. Tota denique Italia pojl
Oenotriam Satumia cognominabatur Ah ipJo pri- .

mum tabula, & imagine Jignatus nummusy & inde

arario prafidet. By Saturn's carrying letters into
Italy, and coyning money, and teaching agri-
culture, and making inftruments, and building
a town, you may know that he fled from
Crete,
after letters, and the coyning of money,
and ma-
nual arts were brought into Europe
by the Phoe-
nicians and from Attica, after agriculture was
^

brought into Greece by Ceres and fb could not

\

be older than Ajlerius, and Europa, and her bro-

X ther
 : ,, , ,

*54 Of the Chronology

tner Cadmus : and by itaiy s being called Oenotria,
before it was called Saturnia, you may know
that he came into Italy after Oenotrus, and fo
was not older than the fons of Lvcaon . Omn.
trds carried the firft colony of the Greeks into
Italy, Saturn the fecond, and Evander the third;
and the Lathes know nothing older in Italy
than Janus and Saturn and therefore Oenotrm
was the Janus of the Lathes and Saturn was
contemporary to the fons of Lycaon and by
confequence alio to Celeus, Erechtheus, Ceres ,

and A(lerius : for Ceres educated Triptolemus the

(on of Celeus, in the Reign of Erechtheus and

then taught him to plow and Cow corn Areas :

the ion of CalUJlo, and grandfcn of Lycaon, re-

ceived corn from Triptolemus and caught his
people to make bread of it ; and Proem, the
daughter of Erechtheus, fled to Minos the fon 0i
Aftertus. In memory of Saturn's coming into
Italy by the Lathes coined their full mo-
fea,
on
ney with his head on one fide, and a Ihip
1 Macrob. 1
us, that when Sa-
Saturnal. lib.
the other. Macrohius tells
him,
i. c. 7. turn was dead, Janus eredfed an Altar to
with facred rites as to a God, and inftituted
the Saturnalia, and that humane facrifices were

him Hercules driving the cattle or

offered to ;
’till

Geryon through Italy, abolillied that cuftom:

you may know that Janus
bv the human facrifices
 v of the Greeks. 155
was of the race of lycam\ wliich character
agrees to Oenotrus. Bionyfius Halicarnajfenfis tells
us further, that Oenotrus having found in the
weftern parts of Italy a large region fit for m-
fturage and tillage, but yet for the moll part
uninhabited, and where was inhabited, peo-it

pled but thinly ; in a certain part of it, purged

from the Barbarians, he built towns little and
numerous, in the mountains which manner of ;

building was familiar to the ancients and this :

was the Original of Towns in Italy.

Paufanias tells us that the people of Elis, "•Paufan.!.^.
'who were left skilled in Antiquities, related
this to have been the Original 1 c 2*
of the Olympic -

dames: that Saturn Reigned fir

ft, and had a
Temple built to him in
Olympia by the men of
the Age v and that' when Jupiter was
Golden
newly born, his mother Rhea
recommended him
to the care of the Idsi
Dadyli, who were alfo
called Curetes that
: afterwards five of them
,
called Hercules, Poeonius, Epimedes, Jafius,
and
Ida, came from Ida, a mountain in Crete, into
'

Elis and Hercules, called alfo

i
Hercules Idarus
being the oldefl of them , in memory of the
war between Saturn and
Jupiter, infiituted the
game of racing, and that the viBor Jhould be re~
a crQrwn olive and
1 °f ; there
ereded an altar to Jupiter Olympius and called
,
z
_ thefe
 ,

Cf the Chronology
thefe games Olympic :fome of theand that
Eleatis (aid, that Jupiter contended here rmtk
Sa-
tuin for toe Kingdom others that Hercules
•

I d^;us injlituted thefe games memory of their

iu
ruiUory truer the Titans
: for the people of Ar-
0
• Paufan.1.8. cadia had a tradition, that the Giants fought
c. 29.
with the Gods in the valley of Bathos, near the
r Diodor.
river Alpheusand the fountain Olympias: Before p
1. 5-. p. 183.
the Reign of Ajlerim, his father Teutamus came
into Crete with a colony from Olympia and up- •

on the flight of Aferius, fome of his friends

might retire with him into their own country,

and be purfued and beaten there by the Idaan

Hercules: the Eleans (aid alfo chat Clymenus the

°randfon of the Id<£an Hercules , about fifty

years after Deucalion s flood, coming from Crete,

celebrated thefe gafnes again in Olympia, anti

that is>
erected there an altar to Juno Olympia ,
Hercules and the
to Europay and another to this
he
reft of the Curetes *,
and Reigned in Elis ’till

was expelled by Endymion, who

q thereupon ce-
q Faufan l.f*
c. 8. 14.
lebrated thefe games again:
and fo did Pe ops
an-
who expelled JEtolus the foil of Endymion ;

fo alfo did Hercules the fon of

Alcmena and A- ,

they mignt
ireus the fon of Pelops, and Oxylus
:

be celebrated originally in triumph for vi&orics,

"

firft by Hercules Idaus,

upon the conqueft u
ily^ e
Saturn and the Titans and then by
-

upon
 ;

of the Greeks . IJ7

upon his coming Reign in the Terra Curetum
to ;

by Endymion, upon his conquering Clyme

-
then
ms ;
and afterwards by Pelops , upon his con-
quering ALtolus and by Herculefj upon his kil-
}

ling Augeas and by Atreus, upon his repel-

,

ling the HeracJides and by Oxylus, upon the

;

return of the Heraclides into Peloponnefus. This

Jupiter, to whom they were inftituted, had a
Temple and Altar erected to him in Olympia,
games were celebrated,
where the O and from the
place was called Jupiter Olympius : Olympia was a
place upon the confines of Pifa, near the river
Alpheus.
1
hi the Ifland Thafus, where Cadmus left his r
Herod. 1.2.
c 44 ‘

Temple
'

brother Thafus, the Phoenicians built a to

Hercules Olympius, that Hercules, whom Cicero
s
calls
ex Idais Da&ylis ;
cui inferias ajferunt. When the s
Cic. dena-
1
myfteries of
Ceres were inftituted in Eleufis, there
were other myfteries inftituted to her and her
S. ^.
daughter and daughter’s husband, in the Ifland
Samothrace, by the Phoenician names of DU. Ca-
hiri Axieros,- and Axiokerfes, that is,
Axiolerfa,
the great Gods Ceres, Proferpina and Pluto for :
1

Jafius a Samothracian, whofe fitter married Cad- ,

D;odo ,,
mus, was familiar with Ceres and Cadmus and P- 22 3-

Jafius were both of them inttituted in thefe

.myfteries,.
Jafius was the brother of Dardanus,
and,
 :

*5$ Of the Chronology

and married Cyhle the daughter of
Meom Kin,
** and
tf’
into Phryg.a, and carried thither the
Coryhas Wen

myfteries of
th ® lnotll die Gods, and Cyhele called the
f °fher
pddds after own name, and Coryhas called
her priefts Coryhantes thus Diodorus
B
:
•
but Pi-
Dionyf.
onyjitts faith "
that Dardanus infhtuted the Samo-
1. x p. 38
2. thracian myfteries, and that his wife Chryfes
learnt them in Arcadia, and that Idaus the fon
of Dardanus inftituted afterwards the myfteries
of the mother of the gods in Phrygia this :

Phrygian Goddefs was drawn in a chariot by lions,

•
and had a corona turrita on her head, and a

drum in her hand, like the Phoenician Goddels

Ajiarte, and the Coryhantes danced in armour at

her facrifices in a furious manner, like the lid

Ludan. de j)a Byli and Lucian x tells us that fhe was the
•

Cretan Rhea, that is, Europa the mother of Mi-

nos and thus the Phoenicians introduced the
practice of Deifying dead men and women a-
mong the Greeks and Phrygians ,
for I meet with

no inftance of Deifying dead men and women

in Greece, before the coming of Cadmus and Eu-

ropa from Zidon.

From thefe originals it came into falhion a-

mong the Greeks, Klzgifetv, parentare, to celebrate

the
 ,

of the Greeks. '

of dead parents with feftivals and in-

the funerals
vocations and facrifices offered to their ghofls,
and to eredt magnificent fopulchres in the form
of temples, with altars and flatues, to perfons of
renown \
and there to honour them publicly
with facrifices and invocations: every man
might do it to his anccftors ;
and the cities of
Greece did it to all the eminent Greeks : as to
Europa the filler, to Alymnus the brother, and
to Minos and Rhadamanthus the nephews of Cad-
mus ;
to his daughter Ino, and her fon Melicertus
to Bacchus the fon of his daughter Semele, Ari-
fiarchus the husband of his daughter Autonoe and
y
JaJius the brother of his wife Harmonia to Hercu-
les a Theban, and his mother
Alcmena to Danae *,

tne daughter of Acrijtus to

$ ALfculapius and
Polemocrates the fon of Machaon to Pandion }

and / hefeus Kings of Athens Hippolytus

, the fon
of Thefeus, Pan the fon of Penelope
P.roferpina, ,
Triptolemus, Celeus, Trophonius, Cajlor, Pollux,
Helena, Menelaus, Agamemnon, Amphiaraus and
his fon Amphilochus, He&or and Alexandra
the
fon and daughter of Priam, Phoroneus
Orpheus ,

Protefiaus, Achilles and his mother

Thetis, A^ax,
Areas, Idomeneus, Meriones,
Macus, Melamus,
Britomartis, Adrafius, lolaus, and divers others,
ey Deified their
dead in divers manners, ac-
cording
 •

Of the Chronology
cording to their and circumftances, and
abilities
die merits of the perfon fome only in
private
;

families, as houfhold Gods or Vii Panates o-

thej's by creating graveftones to them in pub-
lick, to be ufed as altars for annual facrifices;

others, by building them fcpulchres in the

alio to
1

form of hoiifes or temples; and fome by ap-

r
t pointing myfteries, and ceremonies, and fee fa-
crihces, and feftivals, and initiations, and a

fuccellion of priefts for performing thofe infti-

tutions in the temples, and handing them down

to pofterity. Altars might begin to be ere&ed

in Europe a little before the days of Cadmus, for

facrificing to the old God or Gods of the Co-

lonies,but Temples began in the days of Solo-

Avnob.adv. m0 n for y JEacut the fon of jEgma, who was
;
gent. 6. Trojan war, is by
two Generations older than the
1.
"
P-
I
3I
built a Tem-
fome reputed one of the firftwho
ple inGreece. Oracles came firft from Enytf

into Greece about the

fame time, as alfo did the
images of the Gods
cuftom of forming the
with their legs bound up
the fhape o m
for Idolatry began
the Ell yptian mummies :

thence into *
'
Chaldxa and Egypt, and (pread
countries, long be-
nicia and the neighbouring
it came into
Europe ; and the PelaJffCf
fore
propagated it in Greece, by the ditosrfj
 of the Greeks,
Oracles. The countries upon the Tigris and the
Nile being exceeding fertile, were firft frequent-
ed by mankind, and grew fir ft into Kingdoms,
and therefore began firft to adore their de^d
Kings and Queens hence came the Gods of
:

Laban, the Gods and Goddeffes called Baalim

and Ajhtarotk by the Canaanites , the Daemons or
Ghofts to whom they facrificed, and the Moloch
to whom they offered their children in the days
of Mofes and the Judges. Every City fet up the
worfhip of its own Fouiyu< and Kings, and by
*

alliances and conquef ' fpread this worfhip,

and at length the Phoenicians and Egyptians
brought into Europe the practice of Deifying the
dead. The Kingdom of the lower Egypt began
to worfhip their Kings before the days of
Mofes ;
and to this worfhip the fecond commandment
is oppofed: when the Shepherds invaded the
lower Egypt, they checked this worfhip of
the
old Egyptians, and fpread that of their
own
Kings : and at length the Egyptians of Coptos
and under Mifphragmuthojts and Amojis
Thebaisy
,
expelling the Shepherds, checked the
worfhip of
the Gods of the Shepherds, and
Deifying their
own Kings and Princes, propagated the worfhip
of twelve of them into their conquefts and
;
made them more univerfal than the falfe Gods
of any other nation had been before, fo as to be

lb
Y called
 :

Of the Chronology
tailed, Dii nuigm majorim gentium.
Sefojhii con-
cjuered Thrace, and AmphiTtyon the foil of fro.
wet hens brought the twelve Gods from
Thrace
* Herod. 1.2.
in/o Greece Herodotus z tells us that they
:
initio. came
from Egypt ; and by
names of the cities of
the
Egypt dedicated to many of thefe Gods,, you
may know that they were of an Egyptian ori-
ginal and the Egyptians , according to Diodorus
:
,

* Diodor. a
ufually reprefented, that after their Saturn
1. i. p. 8.
and Rhea, Reigned Jupiter and Juno, the pa-
rents of Ojiris and Ijis, the parents of Orus and
Buhajhe.
By all this it may be underflood, that as the

Egyptians who Deified their Kings, began their

monarchy with the Reign of their Gods and He-

roes, reckoning jMenes the firfl man who reign-
ed after their Gods Co the Cretans had
j
the

Ages of their Gods and Heroes, calling the

firft

four Ages of their Deified Kings and Princes,

the

Golden, Silver, Brazen, and Iron Ages. Hefiod

Gods an
deferibing thefe four Ages of the
b Hefiod. b
opera, v. 108. four
Demi-Gods of Greece, reprefents them to be
when
Generations of men, each of which ended
into
the men then living grew old and dropt
endea
the grave, and tells us that the fourth
many
with the wars of Thebes and Troy and Co
of the
Generations there were, from the coming
and Europe
Phoenicians and Curetes with Cadmus
x
into
 of the Greeks. c 163
into Greece, unto the deftru&ion of Troy. Apol-
lonius Rhodius faith that when the Argonauts came
to Crete, they flew Talus a brazen man, who re-
mained of thofe that were of the Brazen Age,
and guarded that pafs Talus was reputed c tne
:
e
Apollon,

fon of Minos, and therefore the fons of Minos

lived in the Brazen Age, and Minos Reigned in
the Silver Age ; it was the Silver Age of the Greeks
in which they began to plow and fow Corn,
and Ceres, that taught them to do it, flourifhed in '

the Reign of Celeus and Erechthem and Minos.

Mythologifts tell us that the laft woman with
whom Jupiter lay, was Alcmena and thereby j

they feem to put an end to the Reign

of Ju-
piter among mortals, that is to the Silver Age,
when Alcmena was with of Hercules
child
j who
therefore was born about the eighth or tenth
year of Rehoboams Reign, and was about
3 4 years old at the time of the Argonautic
ex-
pedition. Chiron was begot by Saturn
of Philyra
in the Golden Age, when
Jupiter was a child in '
the Cretan cave, as above and
this was in the
;

Reign of Afterius King of Crete and therefore

:

Aftertus Reigned in Crete. in the

Golden Age and •

the Silver Age began

when Chiron was a child ; ,

it Chirm was
born about the
3 5 th year of Da-
vids Reign he will be
born in the Reign of
Afterms, when Jupiter was a child
in the Cretan
Y z cave.
 Of the Chronology
cave, and be about 8 8 years old in the time
of the Argonautic expedition, when he invented
the Afterilms and this is within the reach of
;

nature. The Golden Age therefore falls in with

the Reign of Afierius, and the Silver Age with
that of Minos ;
and to make thefe Ages much
longer than ordinary generations, is to make
Chiron live much longer than according to the

courfe of nature. This fable of the four Ages ;

feems to have been made by the Curetes in the

fourth Age, in memory of the fir ft four Ages of
their coming into E uvope, new
as into a world;

and in honour of their Europe country-woman

and her husband Ajlerius the Saturn of the
Latines, and of her fon Minos the Cretan Juf
ter, and grandfon Deucalion, who Reigned ’till

fome times
the Argonautic expedition, and
is

reckoned among the Argonauts, and of

their

great grandfon idomeneus who

warred at Troy.

lived in the fifth

Beftod tells us that he himfelf
and
Acre, the Age next after the taking of Troy,
or. t irty
therefore he flourifhed within thirty
the
five years after and Homer was of about
it :

d with Mentor
*Vita Ho~ fame Age for he lived fome time
;
mcri Hero- him many things
doto adfcr. in Ithaca, and there learnt of
had been
concerning Ulyjfes, with whom Mentor
the odd
%
nerfonallv acquainted now Herodotus, :

e us
• Herod. 1.2. Hiflorian of the Greeks now extant, tells
 \ , :

-of the Greeks.

four hun-
Jut Heftod and Homer were not above
therefore they
dred years older than himfelf, and
flourilhed within o or 1 10 years after the
1 1

to my reckon-
death of Solomon ; and according
ing the taking of Troy was but
one Generaiion
earlier.
4

Mythologies tell us, that Niobe the daughter

of Phoroneus was the firft woman
with whom
Jupiter lay, and that of her he
begat Argus,

who fucceeded Phoroneus in the Kingdom of

Argos, and gave his name to that city and •,

therefore Argus was born in the beginning of

the Silver Age; unlefs you had rather fay that-

by Jupiter they might here mean Ajlerius ,

for

the Phoenicians gave the name of Jupiter to every

King, from the time of their firdt coming into
Greece with Cadmus and Europa, until the inva-
fion of Greece by Sefojlris, and the birth of Her-
cules, and particularly to the fathers of Minos,

Pelops, Lacedamon, Abacus, and Perfeus.

The four firft Ages fucceeded the flood of
Deucalion and fome tellms that Deucalion was
:
/ *

the fbn of Prometheus, the fon of Japetus, and

brother of Atlas but this was another Deuca-
lion for Japetus the father of Prometheus, Epi-
metheus and Atlas,, was an Egyptian, the brother
of Ojiris, and flourifhed two generations after,
9
the flood of Deucalion.
 :

i 66 Of the Chronology
I have now carried up the Chronology
t he W, as high as to the firft ufe of
of
letters,
the nrit plowing and (owing
of corn, the firft
manuftdui-ing of copper and iron, the
begin-
ning of: the trades of Smiths, Carpenters,
Joy-
ners, Turners, Brick-makers, Stone-cutters, and
Potters, in Europe ; the fir It walling of cities a-
bout, the firft building of Temples, and the
original of Oracles in Greece ; the beginning of
navigation by the Stars in long (hips with fails;

the erecting of the AmphiBymic Council ;

the

full Ages of Greece , called the Golden, Silver,

Brazen and Iron Ages, and the flood of Deuca-
lion which immediately preceded them. Thole

Ages could not be earlier than the invention and

ule of the four metals in Greece, from whence
they had their names and the flood of Ogjges
;

could not be much above two or three ages

earlier than that of Deucalion for among fuch
:

wandering people as were then in Europe3 there

could be no memory of things done above
three or four ages before the firft: ufe of
letters

and the ex pulfion of the Shepherds out of Egft,

of
which gave the firft: occafion to the coming
the
people from Egypt into Greece} and to
was
building of houfes and villages in Greece,
fcarce earlier than the days of Eli and Samuel',

for Manetho tells us, that when they were

forced
 s
t

of the Greeks. 167

forced to quit Abaris and retire our of Egypt,
they went through the wildernefs into Jud<ea}
and built Jerufialem I do not think, with Ma-
:

netho, that they were the Ifraelites under Mfes,

but rather believewere Canaanites ;

that they
and upon leaving Abaris mingled with the Phi-
lijiims their next neighbours : though feme of

them might aflift David and Solomon in building

jerufialem and the Temple.
Saul was made King f , that he might refcue f
1 Sam. ix.

Ifrael out of the hand of the Philijlims, who op- l6 & Xlii
^
‘ -

*
preffed them ; and in the fecond year of
his
Reign, the Philijlims brought into the field a-
gainfi: him thirty thoufand chariot y andfix thoufand
horfiemen, and people as the fiand •which is on the fie a
Jhore fior multitude : the Canaanites
had their horfes
troni Egypt and yet in the days of Mo s all the
fie
chariots of Egypt, with which Pharaoh
purified If-
rael3 were but fix hundred, Exod. xiv. 7. From the
great army of the Philijlims again ft Saul
, and the
gieat number of their horfes, I feem
to gather that
the Shepherds had newly relinquiilied
Egypt, and
joyned them: the Shepherds might
be 'beaten
and driven out of the greateft
part of Eo-ypt
and tout up in Abaris by
Mifiphragmuthofts in 'the
latter end of the
days of Eli and fome of them
t0 e
f f
.
dijlims, and ftrengthen
.

Ifrael, in the laft year of Eli

them asainfl
and from the Phi-
lijiims
 :

1 68 Of the Chronology
lifiims fome of the Shepherds might go to Zi-
don, and from Zidon by fea to Afia minor and
.

Greece and afterwards, in the beginning of the

:

Reign of Saul, the Shepherds who ftili remain-

ed in Egypt might be forced by Tethmofis or
Ampfis, trie fon of Mifphragmuthofis, to leave Aha-
r'ts, and retire in very great numbers to the
Philifiims and upon thefe occafions feveral of
$

them, as Pelafgus, Inachus, Lelex , Cecrops, and

Abas, might come with their people by lea from
Egypt to Zidon and Cyprus, and thence to Afia
minor and Greece , in the days of Eli, Samuel
and Saul, and thereby begin to open a com-
merce by lea between Zidon and Greece, before
the revolt of Edom from Judaa, and the final
coming of the Phoenicians from the Red Sea.
Pelafgus Reigned in Arcadia, and was the
father of Lycaon, according to Pherecydes Athe-
nienfis, and Lycaon died juft before the flood of
Deucalion and therefore his father Pelafgus might
•,

come into Greece about two Generations before

Cadmus , or in the latter end of the days of Eli
Lycaon facrificed children, and therefore his
father might come with his people from the
Shepherds in Egypt, and perhaps from the re-
gions of Heliopolis, where they facrificed men,
’till Amofis aboliflied that cuftom.Mifphragmu-
thojis the father of Amofis, drove the Shepherds
4 out
 , , : *

of 'the Greeks. 169

out of a great part of Egypt, and fliut the re-
mainder up in Abaris and then great numbers :

might efcape to Greece fome from the regions \

of Heliopolis under Pelafgus, and others from

Memphis and other places, under other Captaifts
and hence it might come to pals that the Pelaf-
gians were at the firfi: very numerous in Greece,
and Ipake a different language from the Greek,
and were the ringleaders in bringing into Greece
the worfliip of the dead.
Inachus is of Oceanus perhaps
called the fon
becaufe he came to Greece by fea he might :

come with his people to Argos from Egypt -

m
the days of EH, and. feat himfelf upon the river
Inachus, fo named from him, and leave his terri-
tories to his fons Phoroneus ALgialeus and Phegeus,
,
in the days of Samuel for Car the fon of Pboro-
:

neus built a Temple and to Ceres in Megara,

thereforewas contemporary to Erechtheus. Phoro-
neus Reigned at Argos, and JEgialeus at Sicyon,
and founded thofe Kingdoms ; and yet JEgialeus
is made above five hundred years older
than Pho-
roneus by fbme Chronologers but 8 Acufilaus s Clem At : -
,
h a . • y- 7 i :
1
i
1
rh > * Strom.
,and Plato, accounted Phoroneus the i. p. 321.
oldeft King in Greece, and k Apollodorus tells us, Plin * l
;
7-

JEgialeus was the brother n

of Phoroneus ALgialeus fim£.- .

died without iffue, and after him Reigned Europs k A Poiiodor.

,
Apis, Lamedon, Sicyon Poly bus, Adraflus^and 3 C 1 ’

^ Aga-
 170 Of the Chronology
Agamemnon, &c. and Sicyon gave his name to the
Herod. 1.2. Kingdom: Herodotus faith that Apis in the Greek
1

Hygin. Tongue is Epaphus and Hyginus m that Epaphus

•
,
Fab. 7
the'^Sicyonian got Antiopa with child: but the
later Greeks have made two men of the two names
Apis and Epaphus or Epopeus y and between them
infer ted twelve feigned Kings of Sicyony who
made no wars, nor did any thing memorable,
and yet Reigned five hundred
and twenty
years, which is, one with another, above forty
and three years a-piece. If thefe feigned Kings
be rejected, and the two Kings Apis and Epo-
peus be reunited AUgialeus will become contem-
j

porary to his brother Phoroneus, as he ought to

be for Apis or Epopeus, and NyBeus the guar-
•,

dian of Labdacus, were (lain in battle about the

tenth year of Solomon, as above and the firft ;

four Kings of Sicyon y ALgialeus, Europs, Telchin,

Apis, after the rate of about twenty years to a
Reign, take up about eighty years 5 and th e/e
years counted upwards from the tenth year of
Solomon, place the beginning of the Reign of
ALgialeus upon the twelfth year of Samuely or
thereabout : and about that time began the
AP 0r
i.
3 °c°6 Reigu of Phoroneus at Argos $
Apollodorus n
calls
0
Homer. Adrajlus King of Argos y
but Homer 0
tells us,
vers
tKac he Reigned firft at Sicyon : he was in the
J7^
firfl war againft Thebes. Some place Janifcus
1
-
and
 I

,
of the Greeks.
and Phiejlus between Polybus and Adrafius, but
without any certainty. V (

Lelexmight come with his people into La-

conia in the days of Eli, and leave his territories
to his ions Myles, Eurotas Clefon, and Polygon
,

in the daysof Samuels Myles let up a quern,

or handmill to' grind corn, and is reputed the
firfi: among the Greeks who did fo : but he flou-
riftied before Triptolemus, and foems to have had
his corn and artificers from Egypt. Eurotas the
brother, or as fbme lay the ion of Myles, built
Sparta, and called it after the name of his
daughter Sparta, of Lacedamon, and
the wife
mother of Eurydice. Clefon was the father of Py-
las, the father of Sciron, who married the daugh-

ter of Pandion the ion of Erechtheus and con-

,

tended with Nifus the fori, of Pandion and bro-

ther of ALgeus, for the Kingdom; and Abacus
adjudged it to Nifus. Polycaon invaded Mejfene,
then peopled only by villa r ', called it Mef
fene after the name of fiL wife, and built
cities therein.

Cecrops came from Sais in Egypt to Cyprus,

and thence into Attica : and he might do this
in the days of Samuel, and marry Agraule the
daughter of AUaus, and focceed him in At-
tica foon after, and leave his Kingdom to Cra-

naus in the Reign of Saul, or in the beginning

Z z of
 -
;,

Of the Chronology
of the Reign of David for the flood
:
of Deu-
calion happened in the Reign 6 f Cranaus.
Of about the fame age with Pelafgus Inachus
, ,

Lelfrx, and Aftms , was Ogyges he Reigned in :

Baotia, and iome of his people were Lelegesi

or his fbn Eleufis built the city
Ele lifts in Attica, that is, they built a fetv hou-
fes of clay, which in time grew into a city,
Acufilaus wrote that Phoroneus was older than

°m es, and that Ogyges flourifhed 102a years

before the Olympiad, as above; but A

firffc

cufilaus was an Argive , and feigned thefe things

in honour of his country to call things Ogy- :

gian has been a phrafe among the ancient Greeks

to fignify that they are as old as the firft me-
mory of and fo high we have now
things;
carried up the Chronology of the Greeks. Ina-
chus might be as old as Ogjges, but Acufilaus
and his followers made them {even hundred
£ j, r
_
C * % « % «.

years older than the truth and Chronologers, ;

to make out this reckoning, have lengthened the

races of Argos and Sicy on, and
of the Kings
changed {everal contemporary Princes of Argos
into {iicceflive 'Kings, and inferted many feif”°^
Kings into the race of the Kings of Sicyon.
Inachus had {everal Ions, who Reigned in fe~
veral parts of Peloponnefus, and there buik Towns
as Phoroneus, who built Phoronicum, afterwards
called
 i : ,

of the Greeks. •
173
from Argus his grandfon ; AEgiakus,
called Argos,
afterwards called Sicyon,
who buUc ALgialea,

from Sicyon the grandfon of Erechtbeus ; Phegeus,

who Phegea , afterwards called Pfifhis, from
built

Pfophis the daughter of lycaon: and thefe

tfere

the oldeft towns in Peloponnefus then Sijyphus

the ion of ALolus and grandfon of Pie lien, built

Ephyra, afterwards called Corinth ;

and Aethlius
the fon of - ALolus, built Elis and before them :

Gecrops built Cecropia, the cittadel of Athens and ;

Lycaon built Lycofetra, reckoned by feme the

oldeft town in Arcadia and his fens, who were
;
'

at leaft four and twenty in number, built each;

of them a town; except the youngeft, called
Qmotrus, who grew up after his father’s death,
and failed into Italy with his people, and there
let on foot the building of towns, and became

the Janus of the Latines. Phoroneus had alfo

lever al children and grand-children, who Reigned
in feveral places, and built new towns, as Car,
Apis, &c. and H<emon, the (on of Pelafgus,
Reigned in Bamonia afterwards called Theffaly,
,

and built towns there. This divifion and

fubdivihon has made great confufion in the hi-
ftory of the fir ft Kingdoms of Peloponnefus, and
thereby given occafion to the vain-glorious
Greeks to make thofe kingdoms much older
than they really were: but by all the reckonings
.•jjlf > 4 above-
 :

Of. the Chronology

above mentioned, the of the
firfl civilizing
Greeks, and teaching them to dwell in houfes
and towns, and the oldeft towns in Europe,
could fcarce be above two or three Generations
old£r than the coming of Cadmus from Zidon
into Greece and might moil probably be occa-
;

sioned by the expulhon of the Shepherds out of

Egypt in the days of Eli and Samuel, and their
flying into Greece in confiderable numbers
but it’s difficult to let right the Genealogies
and Chronology of the Fabulous Ages of the
Greeks, and I leave thefe things to be further
examined.
Before the introduced the Deifying
'Phoenicians

of dead men, the Greeks had a Council of El-

ders in every town
government thereof
for the
and a place where the elders and people wor-
lhipped their God with facrifices and when :

many of thofe towns, for their common fafety,

united under a common Council, they ere&ed
a Prytaneum or Court in one of the towns,
where the Council and People met at certain
times, to conffik their common fafety, and wor-
fliip their common God with facrifices, and
to buy and fell : the towns where thefe Coun-
cils met,
the Greeks called Jn/bioi, peoples or
communities, or Corporation Towns: and at
length, when many of thefe for their

common
 :

of the Greeks. 175

common fafety united by confent under one
common Council, they ere&ed a Prytaneum in
one of the for the common Council
and People to meet in, and to confult and
worfhip in, and feaft, and buy, and fell j and
this J’yifjLog they walled about for its fafety, and
called tIw 7ToAiv the city : and this I take to
have been the original of Villages, Market-
Towns, Cities, common Councils, Veftal Tem-
ples, Feafts and Fairs, in Europe: the Prytaneum,
7tv%o$ TUfjiiioVj was a Court with a place of wor-
fhip, and a perpetual fire kept therein upon an
Altar for facrificingfrom the word 'E sm, fire,
:

came the name Vefta, which at length the peo-

ple turned into a Goddefs, and fo became fire-
worfhippers like the ancient Perjians and when
thefe Councils made war upon their neighbours,
they had a general commander to lead their
armies, and he became their King.
So Thucydides p tells us, that under Cecrops p Thucyd.
and the ancient Kings, untill Thefeus Attica &
j piuta/ch*.
'was always inhabited city by city, each having in Thefea
Magijlrates and Prytanea : neither did they
confult the King , when there was no fear of
danger, but each apart adminiflred their own
common- wealth, and had their own Council,
and even fometimes made war, as the Eleu-
finians with Eumolpus did againjl Erechtheus :

but
 -

176 Of the Chronology

but 'when Thefeus, a prudent and potent man ob-
tained the Kingdom , he took away the Courts and
Magijhrates of the other cities , and made them all
meet in one Council and Prytaneum at Athens.
q
<1 Strabo. 1.9 . Polemon, as he is cited by Strabo, tells us, that
P-396- fa Qj: Attica, there were 170 dyfJLOh
r ApudStra- one of which was Eleufis and Philochorus re*
:
1

1 9 when Attica was infejfed by fea and

tates, that
p°39t!’
• land by the Cares and Boeoti, Cecrops the fitjl

of -any man reduced the multitude , that is the

170 towns, into twelve cities , whofe names were
Cecropia, Tetrapolis, Epacria, Decelia, Eleufis,
Aphydna, Thoricus, Brauron, Cytherus, Sphet-
tus, Ccphiffia, and Phalerus ;
and that Thefeus
contraUed thofe twelve cities into one3 which was

Athens.
The original of the Kingdom of the Argives
was much after the fame manner : for Paufanias
f
1 Paufan. tells us, that Phoroneus the fon of Inachus
> 1. a. c. 15"-

was the frjl who gathered into one commu-

nity the Argives, who till then were
’ fcattered,
and lived every where apart ; and the place
where they were fir[l ajfembled was called Pho-
Strabo. 1. 8. ronicum, the city of Phoroneus and Strabo * ob- :

P -337-
ferves, that Homer calls all the places which he
reckons up in Peloponnefus, a few exceptedy not
cities but regions , becaufe each of them con

fifed of a convention of many difJLOb free

towns.
 , ,

of the Greeks. *77

out 'which afterward voile cities
towns, of
were and frequented fo the Argives com-
built :

jive towns,
pofed Mantintea in Arcadia out of
and Tegea out of nine and out of fo many ,

was Hera?a built by Cleombrotus, or by Cledny-

mus :
fo alfo AEgium was built out of feven or

eight towns, Patra: out of feven, and Dyme out

of eight-, and fo Elis was ereffed by the confux
of many towns into one city.
Paufanias " tells us, that the Arcadians ac- u
Paufan.
'

counted Pelafgus the firft man, and that he

was their firft King; and taught the ignorant
people to built houjes, for defending themfelves
from heat, and
and rain and to make
cold, ;

them garments of skins and infe ad of herbs -,

and roots, which were fometimes noxious , to eat •

the acorns of • the beech tree ;

and that his
fon Lycaon built the oldeft city in all Greece:
he tells us alfo, that in the days of Leiex the
Spartans lived in villages apart. The Greeks there-
fore began to build houfes and villages in the
days of Pelafgus the father of Lycaon and in
the days of Leiex the father of Myles, and by
conference about two or three Generations be-
fore the Flood of Deucalion and the coming of
x
Cadmus ; ’till then they lived in woods and * Piin. 1. 7.
c
caves of the earth. The firft houfes were of
clay, till the brothers Euryalus and Hyperbius
A a taught
 :

i~8 Of the Chronology

taught them to harden the clay inco bricks,
and to build therewith. In the days of Ogyges,
Pelafgus, fEzeus , Inachus
and Lelex, they began
to build houfes and villages of clay, Doxius the
ibrP of Codus teaching them to do it; and in.
the days of Lycaon, Phoroneus, fEgialeus, Phe-
geus y Eurotas, Myles , Polycaon, and Cecrops, and
their fons, to aftemble the villages into dnuoh -

and the difxoi into cities.

When Oenotrus the (on of Lycaon carried a
y
].?'p! 7a Colony into Italy , found that country for
he
the mojl part uninhabited ; and ’where it was
inhabitedj peopled but thinly : and feizing a
part of it, he built towns in the mountainsy
littleand numerous, as above thele towns
were without walls but after this Colony grew
;

numerous, and began to want room, they

expelled the Siculi, compared many cities with
walls, and became pojfejl of all the terri-

tory between the two rivers Liris and Tibre:

and it is to be underftood that thole cities had
their Councils and Prytanea after the manner
z
* Dionyf. °f the Greeks for Dionyjius tells us, that the
i.z.p. 1 16. new Kingdom of Rome ,
as Romulus left it, con-
lifted ofCourts or Councils, in thirty
thirty
towns, each with the (acred lire kept in the
.

Prytanetm cf the Court, for the Senators who

met there to perform Sacred Rites, alter the
m 4 manner;
 ,;

of the Greeks. 179

manner of the Greeks: but when Numa the

Romulus Reigned, he leaving the

fucceffor of
feveral fires in their own Courts, injlituted one

common to them all at Rome: whence Rome

was not a compleat city before the days of
Numa.
When navigation was fo far improved that
the Phoenicians began to leave the lea-lhore, and
failthrough the Mediterranean by the help of
the liars, it may be prefumed that they began
to dilcover the illands of the Mediterranean
and for the lake of trafic to fail as far as Greece :

and thiswas not long before they carried away

lo, the daughter of Inachus, from Argos. The
Cares firft infelled the Greek leas with piracy,
and then Minos the Ion of Europa got up a
potent fleet, and lent out Colonies : for Diodorus
a
tells us, that the Cyclades illands, thole near a DIodor.
P 4
Crete, were at firft defolate and uninhabited * 24 o^
but Minos having a potent fleet, lent many Co-
lonies out of Crete, and peopled many of them
and particularly that the illand Carpathus was
firft leized by the loldiers of Minos: Syme lay
walle and delolate ’till Triops came thither with
a Colony under Chthonius : Strongyle or Naxus
was firftinhabited by the Thracians in the days
of Boreas , a little before the Argonautic Expedi-
tion : Samos was at firft delert, and inhabited
A a 2, only
 :

So 6/ the Chronology
only by a. great multitude of terrible wild beads,
’till Macareus peopled it, as he did alfo the
iilands Chins and Cos. Leshos lay wade and de-
fol^e ’till Xanthus (ailed thither with a Colony ;

Tenedos lay defolate ’till Tennis, a little before the

Trojan war, (ailed thither from Troas. Arijlaus,

who married Autonoe the daughter of Cadmus ,

carried a Colony from Tbehes into Ccea> an idand
not inhabited before the idand Rhodes was at :

firft called Ophiufa , being full of (erpents, before

Phorhas, a Prince of Argos , went thither,, and

made it by deftroying the (erpents*
habitable
which was about the end of Solomons Reign in •,

memory of which he is delineated in the heavens

nh The difcovery
in the Conftellation of Ophiuchus.
of and (ome other idands
this made a report
that they role out of the Sea : in Ajia Delos

1.
Ammian.
1 7 • c. 7.
emerjit , & Hiera & Anaphe,
c
3
Rhodus, faith
h
Am-
c Fiia. 1, 2 .
miarks and Pliny, clara jampridem infuU, Delos
c. 87. ’

& Rhodos memories produntur enat<e, pojlea minores,

'ultra Melon Anaphe , inter Lemnum Hellefpon - &
turn Nea y inter Lehedum
d
Teon Halone, &c. &
c1
Diodor. Diodorus tells us alfo, that the feven idands
L f. o. 202
^4 - called ALolideSy between Italy and Sicily , were de-
fer and uninhabited ’till Lipparus and ALolus, a
little before the Trojan war, went thither from
Italy , and peopled them : and that Malta and
Gaulus or G audits on the other fide of Sicily,

were
 : :

of the Greeks. i Si
were firft peopled by 'Phoenicians and fo was
;

Madera without the Straits and Homer writes

that Ufyfes found the I (land Ogygia covered
with wood, and uninhabited, except by Calypflo
and her maids, who lived in a cave without
houfes ;
and it is net likely that Great Britain and
Ireland could be peopled before navigation was
propagated beyond the Straits.

The Sicaneans were reputed the firft inhabi-

tants of Sicily: they built little ViNages or
Towns upon hills, and every Town had its
own King and by this means they (pread
;

aver the country, before they formed themlelves

into larger governments with a common King:
e
Philiflus faith that they were tranfplanted into * Apud Dio
0
Sicily from the River Sicanus in Spain ;
and Dio- !^/*
p
f
nyfeusj that they were a Spanifti people who fled f Dionyf.
1 P 17
from the Ligures in Italy j
he means the Ligu-
res s
who oppoied Hercules when he returned g D’onyf.i.i

from his expedition againft Geryon in Spain} and p 33 34

‘ ' '

endeavoured to pals the Hips out of Gaul into

Italy. Hercules that year got into Italy } and
made feme conquefts there, and founded the
h
city Croton ;
and after winter, upon the arrival DIonyf. ib.'
' i

of his fleet from Erythra in Spain, (ailed to

Sicily y and there left the Sicani for it was his
cuflom to recruit his army with conquered peo-
ple, and after they had ajflfled him in mafy-
2.13 w h ing
 : : , : ,

Of the Chronology
iv.g new contpuefs to reward them with nenjj

(eats was the Egyptian Hercules who had

this
,

a potent fleet, and in the days of Solomon failed

to f he Straits, and according to his cuftom let
lip pillars there, and conquered Geryon, and re-
turned back by Italy and Sicily to Egypt and ,

was by the ancient Gauls called Ogmius, and by

* Ptol- He- 1
the Egyptians Nilus for Erythra and the coun-
phxit. 1. 2.

try of Geryon were without the Straits. Dionyjius

k D'onyf. k
reprelents this Hercules contemporary to E wander.
1. 2. p. ’34.

The firft inhabitants of Crete according to

1
Diodor. Diodorus,
1
were called Eteocretans ;
but whence
230
1. s -
P-
they were, and how they came thither, is not
laid in hiftory : then failed thither a Colony of
Pelafgians from Greece and loon after Teuta-
\

mus, the grandfather of Minos, carried thither a

Colony of Dorians from Laconia, and from the
territory of Olympia in Peloponnefus and thele
feveral Colonies fpake leveral languages, and fed
on the Ipontaeous fruits of the earth, and lived
quietly in caves and huts, ’till the invention of
iron tools, in the days of Aferius the fon of

Teutamus and at length were reduced into one

Kingdom, and one People, by Minos who was
their firft law-giver, and built many towns and
fliips, and introduced plowing and fowing, and

in whole days the Curetes conquered his fa-

ther’s friends in Crete and Peloponnefus. The
Curetes
 of the Greeks. 183
a,,ud
and accord-
Curetts " facrificed children to Saturn, p^
Ml
yr

ing to Bochart
n
were Philifims ;
and Eufebius 1. 2.

faith that Crete had its name from Cres, one of n Bochart.

the Curetes who nurfed up Jupiter : but what-

ever was the original of the ifland, it leems* to /
have been peopled by Colonies which fpake dif-

ferent languages, ’till the days of Ajferius and

Minos, and might come thither two or three
Generations before, and not above, for want of
navigation in thole leas.

The illand Cyprus was difcovered by the

0 0
Phoenicians not Ions before : for Eratoflhenes tells *P ud
O * J Strabonem.
us, that Cyprus was at jirjf Jo overgrown with iib.14. p.6^4-

wood that it could not he tilled, and that they

firjl cut down wood for the melting
the of
copper and fiver, and afterwards when they be-
gan to fail fafely upon the Mediterranean, that
is, prelently after the Trojan war, they built
fhips and even and when they
navies of it :

could not thus defroy the wood, they gave

every man leave to cut down what wood he
pie afed, and to poffefs all the ground which he •

cleared of wood. So alio Europe at firlt abound-

ed very much with woods, one of which, called .

the Hercinian , took up a great part of Germany

,
being lull nine days journey broad,
and above
forty long, in Julius Cafar’s days and yet the :

Europeans had been cutting down their woods.

tO :
 ,

184. Of the Chronology

to make room for mankind, ever lince the in-
vention of iron tools, in the days of Aflerius
and Minos.
All thele footfteps there are of the firfb

peopling of Europe , and its Illands, by lea be-

r ;

fore thole days it leems to have been thinly

peopled from the northern coaft of the Euxine-

Jea by Scythians delcended from Japhety who
wandered without houles, and fheltered them-
felves from rain and wild beads in thickets
and caves of the earth •, fuch as were the caves
in mount Ida in Crete t in which Minos was
'*
•Sr**'

educated and buried y

the cave of Cacus, and
the Catacombs in Italy near Rome and Naples> af-
terwards turned into burying-places j the Syringes
and many other caves in the Tides of the moun-
tains of Egypt • the caves of the Troglodites be-
tween Egypt and the Red Sea y
and thole of the
p
p Strabo. Phaurujii in Africy mentioned by Strabo and
1. 17. P .
828.
th e caves ^ ancj thickets, and rocks, and high
places, and pits, in which the Israelites hid
themfelves from the Philiflims in the days of
Sauly 1 Sam. xiii. 6. But of the date of man-
kind in Europe in thole days there is now no
hiftory remaining.
The antiquities of Libya were not much older
q
Diodor. than thofe of Europe ;
for Diodorus tells us,
L 3 p I3z '

the father of Hyperion, and grand-

'
'
that Uranus
father

1
 : ,

tf the Greeks. i8y

father of Helms and Selene that is Ammon the

father of Sefac, 'was their firfl

common King,

and caufed the people, 'who till then 'wandered

up and do'wn, to d'well in towns', and Hero-

dotus
s
tells us, that all Media was peopled lay * Herod. 1.1.

Sifiot, towns without walls, ’till they revolted

from the Ajfyrians, which was about 2.67
years afeer the death and that after
of Solomon :

that revolt they let up a King over them, and

built Ecbatane with walls for his feat, the firft

town which they walled about and about 7 z •,

'

years after the death of Solomon, Benhadad King

of Syria had two and thirty Kings in his 1
s
* King. xx.
l6
army againft Ah ah and when Jojhuah con-
‘

quered the land of Canaan, every city of the

Canaanites had its own King, like the cities of
Europe, before they conquered one another and ;

one of thole Kings, Adonibezek, the King of Bezek,

had conquered feventy other Kings a little be-
fore, Juag. i. 7. and therefore towns began to
be built in that land not many ages before the
days of Jojhuah: for the Patriarchs wandred
there in tents, and fed their flocks where-ever
they pleafed, the fields of Phoenicia not being yet
fully appropriated, want of people. The
for
countries firft inhabited by mankind, were in
c
thole days lo thinly peopled, that four Kings * Genef. xir.

from the coafts of Shinar and Elam invaded and

‘

' B b Ipoilcd
 Of the Chronology
fpoiled the Rephaims, and the inhabitants of the
countries of Moab, Ammon, Edom, and the
Kingdoms of Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah and
Zehoim and yet were purfued and beaten bv
•,

Abraham with an armed force of only 31&

men, the whole force which Ahraham and the
princes with him could raife and Egypt was
:

lo thinly peopled before the birth of Motes, that

u
.
Pharaoh laid of the IJraelites behold the people

of the children of Ifracl are more and mightier

than we : and to prevent their multiplying and
growing too ftrong, he caufed their male chil-

dren to be drowned.
Thefe footfteps there are of the firfl: peopling
of the earth by mankind, not long before the
days of Abraham and of the overlpreading it
y

with villages, towns and cities, and their grow-

ing into Kingdoms, firfl: fmaller and then greater,
until the rife of the Monarchies of Egypt , Af-
Jyria, Babylon, Media, Perfa, Greece, and Rome,
the firfl: great Empires on this fide India. A-
braham was the fifth Peleg, and all man-
from
kind lived together in Chaldea under the Go-
vernment of Noah and his fbns, untill the days
of Peleg: Co long they were of one language,
one Ibciety, and one religion and then they:

divided the earth, being perhaps difturbed by

the rebellion of Nimrod, and forced to leave off
building
O
 : :

of the Greeks. 187

building the tower of Babel and from thence
they fpread themfelves into thefeveral countries
which fell to their fhares, carrying along with
them the laws, cufloms and religion, under
which they had ’till thole days been educated
and governed, by Noah, and his Ions and grand-
fbns and thefe iaws were handed down to A~
:

Iraham, Melchizedek, and Job, and their contem-

poraries, and for fome time were obferved by
the judges of the eaftern countries fo Job x tells x Job xxxl.
:

11 ’
us, that adultery was an heinous crime, yea an
iniquity to be punijhed by the judges and of ido-
latry he y
faith. If I beheld the fun when it Jhined, y Job xxxi.
or the moon walking in Irightnefs, and my heart
hath been fecretly inticed, or my mouth hath kijfed
my hand, this alfo were an iniquity to be punijhed
by the judge : for I Jhould have denied the God that
is above : and there being no difpute between Job
and his friends about thefe matters, it may be pre-
fumed that they alfo
with their countrymen
were of the fame religion. Melchizedek was a
Prieft of the moft high God, and Abraham vo-
luntarily paid tythes to him
which he would
;

fcarce have done had they not been of one and

the fame religion. The firft inhabitants of the
land of Canaan feem alfo to have been origi-
nally of the .fame religion, and to have conti-
nued in it ’till the death of Noah, and the days
B b z of
 , ,

1 88 Of the Chronology
* i Chron. of Abraham ; for Jertifalm was anciently 1 called
si- 4- j".

Judg. i. 21. Jebus, and its people JebuJites , and Melchize -

1 Sara.v. 6
dek was their Prieffc and King thelc nations re- :

volted therefore after the days of Melchizedek

to the worfhip of falfe Gods as did aKb the
;

poherity of Ifmael , Efau, Moab, Ammon and

that of Abraham by Keturah and the Ifraelites :

themfelves were very apt to revplt and one :

reafon why Terah went from Ur of the Chaldees

to Haran in his way to the land of Canaan and •,

why Abraham afterward left Haran, and went

might be to avoid the
into the land of Canaan ,
be-
worfhip of falle Gods, which in their days
gan in Chaldea, and fpread every way from
thence ', but did not yet reach into the land of
Canaan. Several of the laws and precepts in
which this primitive religion confifted are men-
and
tioned in the book of Job, chap. i. ver. 5 ,

sxxi, <zriz. not to blafpheme God, nor to

chap,
Moon, nor to kill, nor
worjhip the Sun or
not trufl in riches,
fieal, nor to commit adultery,
the poor or fatherlefs, nor cuife
* nor opprefs
your enemies, nor rejoy ce at their misfortunes,

but to be friendly, and hofpitable and merciful,

and to relieve the poor and to jet

and needy,

up Judges. This was the morality and

religion
The
of the firft ages, ftill called by the Jews,
-

the re-
precepts of the fons oj Noah.: this was
 «• *

of the Greeks^
ligion of’ Mofes and the Prophets, comprehended
in thetwo great commandments, of loving the
Lord our God with all our heart and foul and
mind, and our neighbour as our felves this

was the enjoyned by Mofes to the'un-

religion
circumcifed ftranger within the gates of Ifrael,
and this is the pri-
as well as to die Ifraelites :

mitive religion of both Jews and Chrijlians, and’

ought to be the Handing religion of all nati-
ons, it being for the honour of God, and good
of mankind and Mofes adds the precept of
:

being merciful even to brute beajls, fo as not

to fuck out their blood, nor to cut off their

fejh alive with the blood in it, nor to kill them

for the fake of their bloody nor to Jlrangle
them but in killing them for foody to let out
-y

their blood and fpill it Gen.

upon the groundy
ix. 4, and Levit. xvii. i z, x 3 This law was .

ancienter than the days of Mofes, being given

to Noah and his fons long before the days of A-
Iraham and therefore when the Apoftles and
:

Elders in the Council at Jerufalem declared that

the Gentiles were not obliged to be circumciled
and keep the law of Mofes, they excepted this
law of abfaining from blood, and things flran-
gledy as being an earlier law of God, impofed
not on the Ions of Abraham only, but on all
nations, while they lived together in Shinar un-
der
 Of the Chronology, &c.
der dominion of Noah : and of the lame
tile

kind is the law of abjlaining from meats offered

to Idols or falfe Gods y and from fornication.
So then, the believing that the world was framed
by (Me fupreme God, and is governed hy him- y

and the loving and worjhipping him, and ho-

nouring our parents,and loving our neigh-
bour as our felves, and being merciful even to
brute heajlsy is the oldeft of all religions: and
the Original of letters, agriculture, navigation,
mufic, and fciences, metals, fmiths and
arts
carpenters, towns and houfes, was not older in
Europe than the days of Eli, Samuel and David ;
and before thole days the earth was lb thinly
peopled, and lb overgrown with woods, that
mankind could not be much older than is re-

prefented in Scripture.

CHAP.
 , , , ,

CHAP. II.
j I
j
f

r:
'

nr A
r >.

£T

Of the Empire of Egypt.

HE
T
Ammon
great

,
Egyptians anciently boafted of a very
and lading Empire under
Bacchus, Sefofris, Hercules, Mem-
Ojiris,
their Kings

non, dec. reaching eaftward to the Indies and weft-

ward to the Atlantic Ocean and out of vanity
;

have made this monarchy fome thoufands of years

older than the world : let us now try to rectify
the Chronology of Egypt by comparing the
affairs of Egypt with the fynchronizing affairs of
the Greeks and Hebrews.
Bacchus the conqueror loved two women,
Venus and Ariadne i Venus was the miftrefs of
Anchifes and Cinyras ,
and mother of ALneas who
all lived the deftru&ion of Troy
’till and the ;

Ions of Bacchus and Ariadne were Argonauts as

;

above ; and therefore the great Bacchus flourifh-

ed but one Generation before the Argonautic
expedition. This Bacchus * was potent at lea,
3
Her-
conquered eaftward as far as India, returned in ^d PAUie-~
triumph, brought his army over the Hellefpont n ® ams L r *’

conquered Thrace left mufic, dancing and poetry

there j killed Lycurgus King of Thrace, and Pen-
theus the grandfon of Cadmus gave the King-
j

* y dowt
 , , , -

192 Of the Empire

dom of Lycttrgus to Tkirofs ;
and one of hij
min If rolls, called by the Greeks Calliope , to Oea-
grus the Ion of Thar ops ;
and of Oeagrus and
Calliopewas«born Orpheus who (ailed with the
Argonauts this Bacchus was therefore contem-
o :

porary to Sefojlris and both being Kings of

•

Egypt, and potent at lea, and great conquerors,

ana carrying on their conquefts into India and
Thrace , they muft be one and the fame man.
The antient Greeks, who made the fables of

the Gods, related that lo the daughter of Ina-

ch us was carried into Egypt, and there became

the Egyptian Ijis j and that Apis the fon of Pho-
roneus after death became the God Serapis-, and
fome faid that Epaphus was the fbn of lo Sera- :

pis and Epaphus are Ojiris, and therefore Ijis and

Ojiris in the opinion of the ancient Greeks who

made the fables of the Gods, were not above

two or three Generations older than the Argo
nautic expedition. Victsarchus as he is cited by
* Argonaut. b
the fcholiaft upon Apollonius, reprefents them
1. 4. v. 272.
two Generations older than Sefojlris, faying that
after Orus the fon of Ojiris and Ijis, Reigned
Sefonchojis. He
feems to have followed the opi-
nion of the people of Naxus, who made Bac-
chus two Generations older than Thefeus, and
for that end feigned two Minos's and two A-
riadnes for by the content of all antiquity
Ojiris
4
 : , , ,

of Egypt.
Gjiris and Bacchus were one and the fame King'
of Egypt this is affirmed by the Egyptians as well
:

as by the Greeks and fome of the antient My-

-,

c
thologies, as Eumolpus and Orpheus called G- c
fir is by the names of Dionyfus and Sirius. Ofris
was King of all Egypt and a great conqueror,
and came over the Hellefpont in the days of
Triptolemus, and fubdued Thrace, and there killed
Lycurgus-, and therefore his expedition falls in
with that of the great Bacchus. 0firis, Bacchus
and Sefojlris lived about the fame time, and by
the relation of hiflorians were all of them Kings
of all Egypt, and Reigned at Thebes, and a-
dorned that city, and were very potent by land
and fea all three were great conquerors, and car-
:

ried on their conquefts by land through Afia,

as far as India all three came over the Belle-

fpont, and were there in danger of lofing their

army all three conquered Thrace, and there put
:

a flop to their victories, and returned back

from thence into Egypt all three left pillars
:

with infcriptipns in their conquefts : and there-

fore all three muft be one and the fame Kinar
_ it..
of Egypt-, and this King can be no other than
D

Sefac. All Egypt, including Thebais, Ethiopia and

Libya, had no common King before the expul-
sion of the Shepherds who Reigned in the lower
Egypt ; no Conqueror of Syria, India, AJia minor
C c and
 ,

*94 Of the Empire

and Thrace, before Sefac • and the facred 111 dory
admits of no Egyptian conqueror of Palejl'me be-
fore this King. r x
d
J Aptid Dio- Thym.ctes who was contemporary to Orpheus,
dorum 1. 3.
p. 140.
and wrote a poely called Phrygia , of the actions
of Bacchus in very old language and character*
(aid that women in his ar-
Bacchus had Libyan
my, amongft whom was Minerva a woman bom
in Libya near the river Triton , and that Bacchus
commanded the men and Minerva the women.
c
• Diodor. Diodorus calls her Myrina, and faith that the
p. 131.
].

1
3.
3*.
was Queen of the Amazons in Libya and there ,

conquered the Atlantides and Gorgons , and then

made a league with Orus the (on of Ijis, lent
to her by his father Ojiris or Bacchus for that ,

purpofe, and palling through Egypt (iibdued

the Arabians, and Syria and Cilicia., and came
through Phrygia, viz. in the army of Bacchus,
to the Mediterranean ; but palling over into Eu-
rope, was (lain with many of her women by the
Thracians and Scythians, under the conduct of
and Mopfus a Thracian whom
Sipylus a Scythian, .

Lycurgus King of Thrace had baniflied. This

was that Lycurgus who oppofed the palfage of
Bacchus over the Hellefpont, and was foon after
conquered by him, and (lain but afterwards :

Bacchus met with a repuKe from the Greeks, un-

der the conduct of Perfeus, who (lew many of
hi§ women, as
of
Paufanias
E G Y P ''IV
f
relates, and was af-
f
Paufan.l 2
c.20. p. 1 $5
m
fixed by the Scythians and Thracians under the
condiidt of Sipylus and Mopfus which repul- •

fes, together with a revolt of his brother D^naus

in Egypt, put a flop to his vi&ories : and in
returning home he of his men in Col-
left part
chis and Mount Caucafus, under Metes and Pro-
at
metheus 5 and his women upon the river Thermo-
don near Colchis, under their new Queens
Mar-
and Lampeto
thejia ; for Diodorus ® /peaking of s D.’odor.
the Amazons who were feated at Thermodon, 1. 3. p.130,
faith, that they dwelt originally
& Schol. A-
and in Libyay pollonii.l. 2.
there Reigned over the Atlantides, andinvadincr
their neighbours conquered as far
as Europe: h
Ammian.
and Ammiarms, h that the ancient Amazons 22*
break- 1* Ci 8*

ing through many nations, attack’d the

Atheni-
ansy and there receiving a
great /laughter re-
1
tired to Thermodon Juftin. 1.2.
and Jujlin, that thefe Ama-
:
1

c • ^|i

zons had at firft, he means at their

firft com-
ing to Thermodony two Queens who
called them-
felves daughters of Mars and that they con-
;

quered part of Europe, and fome cities

of Afta,
viz. in the Reign of Minerva
, and then lent
back part of their army with a
great booty,
under their /aid new Queens and
that Marthe -
;

Jta being afterwards /lain, was

fucceeded by her
daughter Orithya, and /he by
Pentheftlea and ;
that Thefeus captivated and
married Antiope the
c z filler
 a

Of the Empire
filler of Orithya. Hercules made war upon the
Amazons, and Reign of Orithya and Pen-
in the
thefte they came to the Trojan war: whence
the ,firft wars of the Amazons in Europe
and
Afa, and their fettling at Thermodon, were but
one Generation before thofe a&ions of Hercules
and Thefeus, and but two before the Trojan war,
and fo fell in with the expedition of Sefofris :

and fince they warred in the days of Ifs dnd

her Con Orus, and were a part of the army of
Bacchus or Ofris, we have here a further argu^
ment for making Ofris and Bacchus contempo-
rary to Sefofris, and all three one and the fame
King with Sefac. k

The Greeks reckon Ofris and Bacchus to be

fons of Jupiter, and the Egyptian name of Ju-
piter is Ammon:
Manetho in his 1 1 th and i zth
Dynafies, as he is cited by Africanus and Eufe-
hius, names thefe four Kings of Egypt, as reign-

ing in order Ammenemes, Gefongefes or Sefon-

•,

choris the fon of Ammenemes, Ammenemes who

was (lain by his Eunuchs, and Sefofris who
fubdued all Afa and part of Europe Gefongefes :

and Sefonchoris are corruptly written for Sefon-

chofs and the two firffc of thefe four Kings,
Ammenemes and Sefonchops, are the fame with
the two laft, Ammenemes and Sefofris, that
is, with Ammon and Sefac-, for Diodorus
'
faith
 , , :,

(?/ Egypt. 197

kith
k
that Ofiris built in Thebes a magnificent
temple to his parents Jupiter and Juno, and .

two other temples to Jupiter a larger to Ju-

piter Uranius , and a lets to his father Jupiter
1
Apud Dio-
Ammon who reigned in that city : and. Thyrfta- '

tes abovementioned, who was contemporary to 9 ^i. .

Orpheus, wrote exprefly that the father of Bac-

chus was Ammon; a King Reigning over part of
Libya, that is, a King of Egypt Reigning over
all that of Libya , anciently called Ammonia-.
part
Stephanus
m faith
Lidia ct « iQvn XTttg sxetfJtTO A ^
Step, m
ctTto Au/UitoVog' All Libya nvas anciently called
Ammonia from Ammon : this is that King of
Egypt from whom Thebes was called No-Ammon
and Ammon-no, the city of Ammon and by the ,

Greeks Biofpolis the city of Jupiter Ammon

*
Se- :

fojlris built it fumptuoufly, and called it by his

father’s name and from the fame King the

•

“ River called Ammon, the people called Ammo- » Piin. l. 6.

c- 28,
0
nii, and the promontory Ammonium in Arabia
° Pl ° 1, L
falix had their names.
j
The lower part of Egypt being yearly over-
flowed by the Nile, was lcarce inhabited before
the invention of corn, which made it ufeful
and the King, who by this invention fir ft peo-
pled it and Reigned over it, perhaps the King
of the city Mefir where Memphis was afterwards
built, feems to have been worshipped by his fub^ ,

jetfts
p . .
;
 : ,

Of the Empire
jeds after death, in the ox or calf, for this bene-
fadion : for this city flood in the moil conve-
nient place to people the lower Egypt, and
from
its being compokd of two parts
(bated on each
fid?; of the river Nile, might give the name of
Mmam to its founder and people •
unlefs you
had rather refer the word to the double people,
thole above the Delta, and thole within it : and
this I take to be the ftate of the lower
’till the Shepherds or Phoenicians who fled "from
Jojhuah conquered it, and being afterwards
conquered by the Ethiopians fled into Afric
and other places for there was a tradition
:

that lome of them fled into Afric and St.

pD. Augu- AuJUn p confirms this, by telling us that the
fiir. in ex-
pofit. epift. common people of Afric being asked who they
ad Rom.
were, replied Chanani, that is, Canaanites. Inter-
fub initio.
rogate ruflici nojlri, faith he, quid Jtnt, Punice
refpondentes Chanani, corrupta fcilicet woce Jtcut
in talihus folet
,
quid aliud refpondent quam Cha-
dc
naanal • Procopius alfo q tells us of two pillars
hJ\\o Van-
<Jai. i. 2. in the weft of Afric, with inferiptions fignify-
C. IO.
ing that the people were Canaanites who fled
r Chron.i.i. from Jojhuah and Eufehius r tells us, that thefe
f11 '

Canaanites flying from the fons of I fra el, built

G d
Eripolis in Afric and the Jentfalem Gemara, that s
*tit Shebijth
<c»p. 6.
the Gergejites fled from Jofiua, going into Afric :

and Procopius relates their flight in this manner.

Vi v
•>'
’Eml
 r

of Egypt.
’Etta o bf^ds 6 koedcis A iy& cflaS'd-* nyct-

•fy. wdpufkzS H7THP CtVtoQsVj O'Qz V TZ Tci M CW^H*

uim m k A&vlw «A3-g, jc, onus dxticrcipJo- *E-
nadn 'E Ggcuoi cJ% Alyvnla Anx &$w cuh %
<
,
<$“-

X 1 RolKcutipyis beduv zyzpovlo' MatrUe f/j

(TOtpOS CLVyjg, 0$ civTOS T" bd£ YiyVCTCtTO, SVYlCXa.

diotdzxO 0 Tlw nyzfjLovictv horns o rn Nam

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'*
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 Of the Empire
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Oct'ViT YgUfjSpoi toKYifj' Quandt) ad Mauros nos

hijforia deduxit, congruens nos exponere unde orta

gens in Africa fedes fixerit. Quo tempore egrejji

ALgypto Hebn i jam prope Palejlina fines verierant,

rnortuus Mofes , vir fapiens , dux itineris. Sue-

ib't

ceffor imperii faHus Jefus Nava? flius intra PaU-

Jiinam duxit popularium agmen ; 'virtute ufus •

genth
fupra bumanum modtrn, tenant occupavit,
inviBi
bufque excifis urbes ditionis fua fecit , d°
famam tulit. Maritima ora qua a Sidone ad ALgyfti
nomen habet Phoenices. Rex
limit em extendituYy

urns [Hebrxis] imperabat ut omnes qui res

Phce-

nicias feripfere confentiunt. In eo traUatu nume-

Yofce gentes eranty Gergefaiy Je bufai 3 quofque aids

nominibus Hebraorum annales memorant. Hi homi-

-
nes ut impares fe venienti imperatori videre 3
dere

liUo patria fob ad finitimam primiim

venere M-

gyptum3 fed ibi capacem t antas multitudinis locum

erat enim /Egypt us ab antique

non reperientesy
-
con
foecunda populis, in African profe&i, multis
ditis urbibusy omnem earn Herculis columnas ufque,

ohtinuerunt ad mean atatem fermone Phoenicia

: ubi

utentes habitant. By the language and extreme

poverty
r
of the Moors , deferibed alfo by Proco-
2 tliuSs
 , , , ,, 1

of Egypt. 201
plus,and by their being unacquainted with
merchandife and fea-afFairs, you may know that
they were Canaanites originally, and peopled
Afric before the Tyrian merchants came thither.
* Thefc Canaanites coming from the Eaft, pitched
their tents in great numbers in the lower Egypt
t
in the Reign of Timaus, Manetho writes, Manetho
as *

and eafily feized the country, and fortifying phum cont.

1
Pelufium, then called Abaris, they eredled a
Kingdom there, and Reigned long under their
own Kings, Salat is, B<eon, Apachnas, Apophis
Janias , and others fucccffively and in
Ajjls :

the mean time the upper part of Egypt called

u
Tbebais, and according to Herodotus, ALgyptus, “Herod. 1.2.
and in Scripture the land of Pathros, was under
other Kings, Reigning perhaps at Coptos, and
x
Thebes, and This, and Syene and Pathros, and * Jerem.
Elephantis, and Heracleopolis, and Mejir, and Ezeklxxix.
other great cities, ’till they conquered one an- I4 '

other, or were conquered by the Ethiopians:

for cities grew great in thofe days, by being
the feats of Kingdoms but at length one of
:

thefe Kingdoms conquered the reft, and made

a lafting war upon the Shepherds, and in the
Reign of its King Mifphragmuthojis and his fon
Amcfis, called alfo Tethmops, Tuthmojis, and Tho~
mops, drove them out of Egypt, and made
them fly into Afric and Syria, and other places,
D d and
 ,

202
- •
Of the Empire
and united allEgypt into one Monarchy and j

under their next Kings, Ammon and Sefac, en-

larged it into a great Empire.
This conquering
people woriliipped not the Kings of the Shep-
herds whom they conquered and expelled, but
y M an tho 1
abolifhed their religion of iacrificing men,
d p
phyrium crffi and after the manner of thofe ages Deified

S' *5*
1
their own Kings, who founded their new Do-
Et Eufeb. minion, beginning the hiflory of their Empire
f

c. i6. p.l’j-j’. with the Reign and great ads of their Gods
and Heroes whence their Gods Ammon and
:

Rhea, or Uranus and Tittea Ojiris and Ijis Oms •,

and Bubajle and their Secretary Thoth and Ge-

\ *

nerals Hercules and Pan and Admiral JapetusT;

Neptune, or Typhon were all of them Thebans

•,

and flouriftied after the expulfion of the Shep-

herds. Homer places Thebes in Ethiopia, and the
z
* Diodor. Ethiopians reported that the Egyptians were a
i. 3. p. 101.
co jon y drawn out of them by Ojiris, and that

thence it came moft of the laws

to pals that
of Egypt were the fame with thofe of Ethiopia,
and that the Egyptians learnt from the Ethio-
pians the cuftom of Deifying their Kings.
When Jofeph entertained his brethren in
Egypt, they did eat at a table by themfelves,.
and he did eat at another table by himlelfj
and the Egyptians who did eat with him were
at another table, lecauje the Egyptians might
not
5
 of Egypt.
not eat bread with the Hebrews •, for that was
an abomination to the Egyptians, Gen. •
xliii.

3 z.
Thefe Egyptians who did eat with Jofeph
were of the Court of Pharaoh and therefore
Pharaoh and his Court were at this time not
Shepherds but genuine Egyptians and thefe ;

Egyptians abominated eating bread with the

Hebrews, at one and the feme table: and of
\ 4

thefe Egyptians and their fellow-fubjeds, it is

feid a little after, that every Shepherd is an abo-
mination to the Egyptians : Egypt at this time
was therefore under
government of the
the
genuine Egyptians, and not under that of the
Shepherds.
After the defeent of Jacob and his ferns into
Egypt* Jofeph lived 70 years, and fo long con-
tinued in favour with the Kings of Egypt:
and 6 4 years after his death Mofes was born :

and between the death of Jofeph and the birth

of Mofes, there arofe up a new King over Egypt,
which knew not Jofeph, Exod. i. 8. But this King
°f Egypt was not one of the Shepherds ; for he
is called Pharaoh, Exod. i. 1 1, zz and Mofes
:

told his fucceffor, that if the people of Ifrael

fhould fecrifice in the land of Egypt, they
jhould facrifice the abomination of the Egyp-
tians before their eyes, and the Egyptians would
ftone them, Exodi viii. z6. that is, they fhould
D d z fecrifice
 Of the *E mv ire
facrifice flicep or oxen, contrary to the religion
of Egypt. The Shepherds therefore did not
Reign over Egypt while Ifrael was there, but
either were driven out of Egypt before Ifrael
went down thither, or did not enter into Egypt
’till Mofes had brought Ifrael from thence:
after

and the latter mull be true, if they were driven

out of Egypt a little before the building of the
temple of Solomon , as Manetho affirms.
faith in his 40th book, that in
a
Diodorus
Egypt there were formerly multitudes of gran-
gers of federal nations , who ufed foreign rites

and ceremonies in worfhipping the Gods , for

which they were expelled Egypt and under
Danaus, Cadmus, and other skilful commanders,
after great hardjhips , came into Greece,
and other
places hut the greateft part of them came into
5
un-
Judara, not far from Egypt, a country then
inhabited and defert, conduced thither
being

by one Mofes, a wife and valiant man, who

the country, a-
after he had poffefl himfelf of
mong other things built Jerulalem, and the

Temple. Diodorus here miftakes the original of

the Ifraelites , as Manetho had done before, con-
founding their flight into the wildernefs under
the conduct of Mofes, with the flight of the
Shepherds from Mifphragmuthofts, and his fon
Amofis, into Phoenicia and Afric and not know-
;
ing
 , , , :,

of E g y p t.
ing that Judaa was inhabited by Canaanites be-
fore the Israelites under Mofes came thither
but however, he lets us know that the Shep-
herds were expelled Egypt by Amofis a little
before the building of Jerufalem and the Tem-
ple, and that after feveral hardftiips feveral of
them came into Greece , and other places, under
the condud of Cadmus, and other Captains,
but
the mo ft of them fettled in Phoenicia next
Egypt. We may reckon therefore that the ex-

pulfion of the Shepherds by the Kings of The-

bais, was the occafion that the
Philijltms were

fo numerous in the and that fo

days of Saul
many men came in thole times with colonies
out of Egypt and Phoenicia into Greece as Le- 5

lnachus, Pelafgus , ALzeus, Ce crops , ALgia-

lex y
leusy Cadmus, Phanix, Memhliarius, Alymnus,
Abas, Erechtheus, Peteos, Phorhas, in the days

of Samuel, Said and David: fome of them

Eli,

fled in the days of Eli, from Mijphragmu-

thojis, who conquered part of the
lower Egypt
others retired from his fucceflor Amofis into

Phoenicia and there mixed

and Arabia Petrxa ,

with the old inhabitants who not long after

•,

being conquered by David, flea from him and

the Philijlims by fea, under the condud of
Cad-

mus and other Captains, into Ajta Minor,

Greece, and Libya, to leek new feats, and
there
 , :

Of the Empire
built towns,ere&ed Kingdoms, and fee on foot
the worfhip of the dead: and fome of thofe
who remained in Judaa might a (Tift David and
Solomon and the Temple.
in building Jerufalem
Atriong the foreign rites ufed by the ftrangers
in Egypt, in worlhipping the Gods, was the
facriftcing of men; for Amojis abolilhed that
cuftom at Heliopolis: and therefore thofe ft ran-
gers were Canaanites fuch as fled from Jojhua
, ;

for the Canaanites gave their feed, that is, their

children,, to Moloch, and burnt their fons and
their daughters in the fire to their Gods, Deist.

xii. 3 1 . Manetho calls them Phoenician ftran-

gers.
After Amofis had expelled the Shepherds, and
extended his dominion over all Egypt, his fbn

and fucceflor Ammenemes or Ammon , by much

greater conquefts laid the foundation of the

Egyptian Empire : for by the affiftance of his

young fon Sefofiris , whom he brought up to

hunting and other laborious exercifes, he con-

quered Arabia, Troglodytica , and Libya and
from him all Libya was anciently called Am-
monia : and after his death, in the temples
erected to him at Thebes, and in Ammonia and
at Meroe in Ethiopia, they fet up Oracles to
him, and made the people worfhip him as the
God that a&ed in them: thefe are the md
oldeft
 , , , , 7

of Egyp T. 20
oldeft Oracles mentioned in hiftory; the Greeks
therein imitating the Egyptians: for the b Ora- * Herod, i.z
cle at Dodona was the oldeft .in Greece, and
was fet up by an Egyptian woman, after the
example of the Oracle of Jupiter Ammon at
Thebes. J
1 1 1 1
In the days of Ammon a body of the Edo-
mites from David into Egypt, with their
fled
young King Hadad, as above and carried thi- ;

ther their skill in navigation and this feems to

:

have given occafion to the Egyptians to build

a fleet on the Red Sea near Coptos, and might
ingratiate Hadad with Pharaoh: for the Midia-
nites and who
bordered upon the
IJhmaelites
Red Sea near Mount Horeb on the fouth~fide of
Edom were merchants from the days of Jacob
the Patriarch, Gen. xxxvii. x8, and by their 6 .
3
merchandife the Midianites abounded with gold
in the days of Mofes, Numb. xxxi.
50, 51,
52.. and in the days of the Judges of Ifrael,

becaufe they were Ifhmaelites, Judg. viii. 2.4.

The IJhmaelites therefore in thofe days
grew rich
by merchandife; they carried their merchandife
on camels through Petra to Rhinocolura, and
thence to Egypt: and this trafic at length
came into the hands of David by his conquer-
ing the Edomites , and gaining the ports or the
Red Sea called Eloth and Ezion-Geher, as may
- be

«
 Of the Empire
be mklbrftood by the 3000 talents of gold
of Ophir, which David gave to the Temple,
1 Chron. xxix. 4. The Egyptians having the art
of making linen-cloth, they began about this
time to build long Ships with (ails, in their
sort on thole Seas near Coptos , and having'
. earnt the skill of the Edomites, they began now
to oblerve the politions of the Stars, and the

length of the Solar Year, for enabling them to

know the pofition of the Stars at any time,

and to fail by them at all times, without light

of the Ihoar and this gave a beginning to
:

Aflronomy and Navigation for hitherto they :

had gone only by the ihoar with oars, in round

velfels of burden, firft invented on that Ihal-
low lea by the pollerity of Abraham and in ;

calling from illand to iiland guided themlelves

by the light of the illands in the day time, or
by the light of lome of the Stars in the night.
Their old year was the Lunilolar year, derived
from Noah to all his pollerity, ’till thole days,
and confilled of twelve months, each of thirty
days, according to their calendar and to the :

end of this calendar-year they now added live

days, and thereby made up the Solar year of
twelve months and five days, or 3 65 days.
The ancient Egyptians feigned c
that Rhea
lay lecretly with Saturn, and Sol prayed that
 :

of Eg y p t. 1
20 9
flie might bring forth neither in any month, nor
in the year; and that Mercury playing at dice
with Luna, overcame, and took from the Lunar
year the jzd part of every day, and thereof
compofed five days, and added them to the
year of 3 6 o days, that ilie might bring forth
in them ;
and that the Egyptians celebrated
thofe days as the birth-days of Rheas five chil-
dren, Ojiris , Oms fenior, Typhon, Ijis, and
Nephthe the wife of Typhon.: and therefore, ac-
cording to the opinion of the ancient Egypti-
ans, the five days were added to the Liinifolar
calendar- year, in the Reign of Saturn and Rhea ,
the parents of Ojiris, Ijis, and Typhon that is,
•,

in the Reign of Ammon and Titaa, the parents

of the Titans or in the latter half of the Reign
;
'

of David, when thole Titans were born, and by

confequence loon after the flight of the Edo-
mites from David into Egypt but the Solfiiees
- not being yet fettled, the beginning of this new

year might not be fixed to the Vernal Equinox

before /the Reign of Amenophis the fucceflor of
Orus junior, the (on of Ojiris and Ijis
When the Edomites fled from David with
their young King Hadad into Egypt, it is pro-
bable that they carried thither alio the ufe of
letters : for letters were then in ufe among the
pofterity of Abraham in Arabia Petraa, and
E e upon
 ;

2 10 Of the ExMpire
upon Red Sea, the Law be-
the borders of the
ing written there by Mofes in a book, and in
tables of Hone, long before for Mofes marry- :

ing the daughter of the prince of Midian, and

dwelling with him forty years, learnt them
among the Midianites: and Job, who lived
d
* Auguftin. among their neighbours the Edomites menti- ,
e ,v
? l8 c ff ons the writing down of words, as there in
.

ufe in his days. Job. xix. 23, 24. and there is

no inftance of letters for writing down founds,

being in ufe before the days of David, in any
other nation befides the pofterity of Abraham.
-The Egyptians aferibed this invention to Thoth,
the fecretary of Ojiris and therefore Letters be-
;

gan to be in ufe in Egypt in the days of

Thoth, that is, a little after the flight of the
Edomites from David, or about the time that

Cadmus brought them into Europe.

e
* ApudPho- Helladius tells us, that a man called Oes,
tium, c. 279.
appeared in the Red Sea with the tail of a
fiih, fo they painted a fea-man, taught Aftro-
f
Fab. 274. nomy and Letters: and Hyginus, f
that Euhadnes,
who came out of the Sea in Chaldaa, taught
the Chaldaans Aftrology the firfl: of any man
he means Aftronomy : and Alexander Poly hifor

feb.Chron*
8 C€ ^ s us * rom Eerofus, that Cannes taught the
Chaldaans Letters, Mathematicks, Arts, Agri-
culture, Cohabitation in Cities, and the Conftruc-
tion
 t
#
of Egypt. V
*
211
tion of T emples ;
and that feveral fuch men
came thither fucceflively. Oes, Euhadnes and ,

Games , feem to be the fame name a little va-

ried by corruption and this name feems to
have been given in common to feveral fea-men,
who came from time to time, and by
thither
confequence were merchants, and frequented
thofe feas with their merchandife, or elfe fled ••a
ir
from their enemies : fb that Letters, Aflrono-
my, Architecture and Agriculture, came into
Chaldaa by fea, and were carried thither by
fea-men, who frequented the Perjian Gulph,
and came thither from time to time, after all

thofe were prabtifed in other countries

things
whence they came, and by confequence in the
days of Ammon and Sefac, David and Solomon,
and their fiicceffors, or not long before. The
Chaldaans indeed made Oannes older than the
flood of Xifuthrusy but the Egyptians made
Ojiris as old,and I make them contemporary.
The Red Sea had its name not from its co-
‘

lour, but from Edom and Erythra, the names of

;

h * lin
Efau, which fignify that colour: and fbme 2 2g ^
tell us, that King Erythra, meaning Efau, in- 1 . 7 . c. 56.

vented the veflels, rates, in which they navi- * *

gated that Sea, and was buried in an ifland ) 1 1

*

thereof near the Perjian Gulph whence it fol- :

lows, that the Edomites navigated that Sea from

Eez the
 , :

212 Of the Empire

the days of Efau ;
and there is no need that
the oldeft: Oannes fhould be older. There were :

boats upon rivers before, fuch as were the boats

which carried the Patriarchs over Euphrates and
Jordan and the firft nations over many other
rivers, for peopling the earth, feeking new
{eats, and invading one another’s territorites
and after the example of fuch veffels, IJhmael
and Midian the fens of Abraham, and Efau his
grandfon, might build larger vefiels to go to the
i (lands upon the Red Sea , in fearching for new
feats, and. by degrees learn to navigate that lea,

as far as to the Perjian Gulph : for fhips were

as old, even upon the Mediterranean, as the days

of Jacob, Gen. Judg. v. 1 7. but it is

xlix. 1 3 .

probable that the merchants of that lea were

not forward to difcover their Arts and Sciences,

upon which depended

their it feems
trade :

therefore that Letters and Aftronomy, and the

trade of Carpenters, were invented by the mer-
chants of the Red Sea, for writing down their
merchandife, and keeping their accounts, and
guiding their (hips in the night by the Stars,
and building fhips and that they were propa-
j

gated from Arabia Petraa into Egypt, Chaldea,

Syria, Ajia minor, and Europe, much about
one and the feme time the time in which ;

David conquered and difoerfed thofe merchants:

for
 u/Eg y p t. 213
for we hear nothing of Letters before th<? days

of David, except among the poflerity of Abra-

ham -

y
nothing of Aftronomy, before the Egyp-
tians under Ammon and Sefac applied thern-

felves to that ftudy, except the Conftellations

mentioned by Job } who lived in Arabia Petr&a
among the merchants j
nothing of the trade of
Carpenters, or good Architedure, before So-

lomon fent to Hiram King of Tyre , to fupply him

with fuch Artificers, faying that there ‘were none
in Ifrael <who could skill to heuo timber like the
'
Zidonians.
1
that the Egyptians fent Diodon
Diodorus tells us,
]

many colonies out of Egypt into other coun-

tries }
and that Bel us, the fon of Neptune and
Libya, carried colonies thence into Babylonia,
and feating himfelf on Euphrates, injlituted •

priefs from taxes and publick expencesy

free
after the manner of Egypt, ‘who -were called

Chaldaeans, and <who after the manner of Egypt,

k k
mirht obferwe the Stars * and Paufanias tells us, Paufan.

that' the Belus of the Babylonians had his name

from Belus an Egyptian, the Jon of Libya and :

Apollodorus •,
1
that Belus the fan of Neptune and
Libya, and King of Egypt, ‘was the father of c. 1.

^Egyptus and Danaus, that is, Ammon : he tells

us alfo, rWBufiris the fon of Neptune andLiCi-
anafla Liby anafla the daughter of. Epaphus,
[ ]
c *was
 , : , , ,s

2I 4 Of the Empire
^ of Egypt
,
and EufiUus calls
King, Buhris the fon of Neptune, and
i
this

of Libya
the daughter of Epaphus. By thefe things the
later Egyptians Teem to have made
two Beks'
the one the father of Ofiris , Ifis, and Neptune,
the other the ion of Neptune and father of
,

/Egypt us and Danaus and hence came the opi-

nion of the people of Naxus, that there
were
two Minos's and two Ariadnes the one two
Generations older than the other;- which we
have confuted. The father of ALgyptus and
Danaus was the father of Ofiris, Ifis and Ty-
,

fhon and Typhon was not the grandfather of

;

Neptune but Neptune himfelf.

Sefojhris being brought up to hard labour
by his father Ammon warred firft under
, his
father, being the Hero or Hercules of the Egyp-
tians during his father’s Reign,
and afterward
their King
under his father, whilft he was very
:

young, he invaded and conquered Troglodytica

and thereby fecured the harbour of the Red Sea,
near Coptos in Egypt and then he invaded E-
;
t lopia, and on his conquefl fouthward,
carried
as ar as to the region
bearing cinnamon: and
tus father by the
afliftance of the Edomites hav-
ing built a fleet on the Red Sea, he put to fea,
and coafted Arabia Falix
going to the Perfan
Gulph and beyond, and
in thofc countries' fee
*
 ,

of E G Y P T.
;

up Columns with infcriptions denoting his con-

quefts; and particularly he let up a Pillar at
Bira, a promontory in the ftraits of the Red
Sea next Ethiopia , and two Pillars in India, on
the mountains near the mouth of the river
Ganges m
Co ;
Dionyjius :
-

EvOflt rs ah A lovvara
EfS/Ttt m/ULCLTOlO poov ’Clx.ea.vob,
’iV^OdV vsroLTiomv bv xgecriv' g vS-ct ts TaSyr\g
A Antov vfog Nvosciiov cBd 7r?\oLTa^fct x.vAivS'et.
%

Ubi etiamnum column a Thebis geniti Bacchi

Stant extremi juxta fluxum Oceani
Indorum ultimis in montibus
Claram aquam Nyjpeam ad planitiem devofoit.
: ubi & Ganges
After thefe things
he invaded Libya, and
fought the Africans with clubs, and thence is
painted with a club in his hand Co
n
Hygmus :
D

Afri &
ALgyptii primum fuftibus dimicaverunt,
,

pojlea Belus Neptuni filius gladio belligeratus ejl,

mde be Hum
diBum ejl and after the conqueft
:

of Libya, by which Egypt was furniftied with

horles, and furniihed Solomon and his
friends;
he prepared a fleet on the mediterranean, and
went on weftward upon the coafl: of to Afric,
fearch thofe countries, as far as to the Ocean
and lfland Erythra or Gades in Spain as Macro-
;

bins
 91 -

2i6 Of the Empire

• Saturnal. 0
bins informs us from Panyajts and Pherecydes •
J-
S' c. ai.
and there he conquered Geryon , and at the
mouth of the Straits fet up the famous Pillars.
* v * « .f

r Lucan. p
1. io.
Venit ad occafum mundique extrema Sefoftris.

Then he returned through Spain and the fouth-

ern coarts of France and Italy , with the cartel
of Geryon, his fleet attending him by fea, and
left in Sicily the Sicani, a people which he had
brought from Spain: and after his fathers death
he built Temples to him in his conquertsj
whence came to part, that Jupiter Ammon was
it

woriliipped in Ammonia, and Ethiopiay and Arabia ,

Lucan. 1. and as far as India3 according to the q

Poet:

Quam<vis ALthiopum populis , Arab unique beatis

Gentibus3 atque Indis unus (it Jupiter Ammon.

The Arabians worlhipped only two Gods, Coe-

lusy otherwife called Ouranusy or Jupiter Ura-

niusy and Bacchus ;
and thefe were Jupiter Am-
mon and Sefacy as above and : fo alfo the peo-
r Herod. 1. ple of Meroe above Egypt 1 woriliipped no
other Gods but Jupiter and Bacchus, and had
an Oracle of Jupiter> and thefe two Gods were
Jupiter Ammon and Ojiris, according to the
language of Egypt.
At length Sejojlris,
of Reho in the fifth year
loamy came out of Egypt with a great army
of
 : :

of Egypt. 217
of Libyans, Troglodytes and Ethiopians, and (poli-
ced the Temple, and reduced Judaa into fervi-
tude, and went on conquering, firft eaftward
toward India, which he invaded, and then
weft ward as far as Thrace for God had given
him the kingdoms of the countries, z Chron. xii.
f
z, 3, 8. In this Expedition he (pent nine f D»'odor.

3
years, fetting up pillars with infcriptions in all Herod f.‘ 2 .

r °2 10 3 >
his conquefts, fome of which remained in Sy- ’

^6
via ’till the days of Herodotus. He was accom-
panied with his (on Orus, or Apollo, and with
fome finging women, called the Mufes, one
of which, called Calliope, was the mother of Or-
pheus an Argonaut and the two tops of the %

mountain Parnajfus, which were very high, were

dedicated *
the one to this Bacchus, and the Paufan. ‘

other to his (on Apollo : whence Lucan u j sukL in

n*pmW
Pamaffus gemino petit athera colie, u
Lucan if.
Mons Phabo, Bromioque facer.

In the fourteenth year of Rehoboam he returned

back into Egypt, leaving ALetes in Colchis, and
his nephew Prometheus at mount Caucafus, with
part of his army, to defend his conquefts from
x * Arg° naut*
the Scythians. Apollonius Rhodius and his
4
fcholiaft tell us, that Sefonchojis King of all
Egypt, that is Sefac, invading all Ajia, and a
great part of Europe , peopled many cities

F f which
 :

si8 Of the Empire

which he took-, and that j£a, the Metropolis
of Colchis, remained fable ever fmce his days
•with the pojlerity of thofe Egyptians which he
placed there, and that they preferred pillars or
tables in which all the journks and the hounds
of fea and land were defcrihed, for the ufe of
them that were to go any whither : thefe tables
therefore gave a beginning to Geography.
Herod. upon
y
1. 2< C* IO9 .
Sefoflrts his returning home 1
divided
»
r Jh+ «i

Egypt by meafure amongft the Egyptians and

T * I * * tv
* i

this gave a beginning to Surveying and Geo-

a In vita Py

thag. c. 29. metry and z Jambltcus derives this divifion of :

Egypt, and beginning of Geometry, from the

* Diodor.

1. 1. p. 36. Age of the Gods of Egypt. Sefojlris alio a di-

\ C* - c

vided Egypt into 3 6 Nomes or Counties, and

dug from the Nile to the head city of
a canal
every Nome, and with the earth dug out of
it, he caufed the ground of the city to be rail-

(JL
ed higher, and built a Temple in every city for
the worfliip of the Nome, and in the Temples
fet up Oracles, ioroe of which remained ’till
the days of Herodotus and by this means the
Egyptians of every Nome were induced to wor-
ftiip the great men
of the Kingdom, to whom
the Nome, the City, and
the Temple or Se-
pulchie of the God, was dedicated
for every :

Temple had its proper God, and modes of

worfliip, and annual feilivals,
at which the
'
*
' 7 Council
 , :

•7 ofqEGYP T. C;

Council and People of the Nome met at certain

times to facrifice, and regulate the affairs of the
Nome, and adminifter juftice, and buy and fell;

but Sefac and his Queen, by the names of Oji-

ris and IJis, were worfhipped in all Egypt and
becaufc Sefac, to render the Nile more ufeful,
-dug channels from it to all the capital cities of
Egypt that river was confccrated to him, and
he was called by its names, /Egyptus, Siris,
b
Nilus. Dionyfius tells us, that the Nile was b Dionyf. dc

called Siris by the and Nilus by the

Ethiopians,
fi£u ° rbls '

people of Sieve. From the word Nahal, which

Signifies a torrent, that river was called Nilus ;
c
and Diodorus tells us, that Nilus was that King c
Dj'odpr, j

L
who cut Egypt into canals, to make the river
i p- 39 “

ufeful : in Scripture the river is called Schichor,

or Sihor, and thence the Greeks formed die
words Sirisy Sirius, Ser-Apis, O- Siris-, but Plu-
d
tarch tells us, that the fyllable 0, put before *
Plutarch,
&
the word Siris by the Greeks, made it fcarce in- ofiride!

telligible to the Egyptians.

I have nowyou the original of the
told
Names of Egypt and of the Religions and
Temples of the Nomes, and of the Cities built
there by the Gods, and called by their names :
whence Diodorus e tells us, that ofj
all the Pro-

winces of the World, tltere <were in Egypt only

c

is *
Dicdor.
I,p *

many cities built by the ancient Gods, as by [upi-

j ,j
. \q j F f i ter.
 :

220 Of the Empire

ter, Sol, Hermes, Apollo, Pan, Eilithyia, and
de many f
0t ^ers anc^ Lucian an Affyrian, who had
D^SyJia
travelled into Phoenicia and Egypt, tells us, that
the Temples of Egypt were very old, thofe in
Phoenicia built by Cinyras as old, and thofe in
Aflyria almojl as old as the former, but not alto -
gether fo old: which fliews that the Monarchy
of Ajfyria role up after the Monarchy of Egypt,
as is reprefented in Scripture ;
and that the
Temples of Egypt then {landing, were thofe
builtby Sefojlris, about the lame time that the
Temples of Phoenicia and Cyprus were built by
Cinyras, Benhadad, and Hiram.This was not the
firft original of Idolatry, but only the ere&ing
of much more fumptuous Temples than for-
merly to the founders of new Kingdoms: for
Temples at firft were very {mall ;

ftf 3Jupiter angujla vix totus Jlabat in ade.

Ovid. Fajl. 1. i.

Altars were at firft eredled without Temples, and

this cuftom continued in Perjia ’till after the
days of Herodotus : in Phoenicia they had Altars
with littlehoufes for eating the facrifices much
earlier, and thefe they called High Places : fuch
was the High Place, where Samuel entertained
Saul-, fuch was the Houfe of
Dagon at AJhdod,
into which the Philijlims brought
the Ark; and
'
-
the
i
 /

'
of E G YPT. 22 1
the Houle of Baal, in which Jehu flew the Pro-
phets of Baal and filch were the High Places
;

of the Canaanites which Mofes commanded If-

rael to deflroy commanded Ifrael to de- % Exod.
: he s

ftroy the Altars, Images, High Places, and .

y^ ;;

Groves* of the Canaanites but made no men- fa.Deut.vii.,

* X *
3
tion of their Temples, as he would have done
had there been any in thole days. I meet with
no mention of fumptuous Temples before the
days of Solomon: new Kingdoms begun then to
build Sepulchres to their Founders in the form
of fumptuous Temples; and fuch Temples Hi-
ram built in Tyre, Sefac in all Egypt, and Ben-
hadad in Damafcus.
h
For when David fmote Hadad-Ezer King h 2 Sam. viii.
of Zohah, and flew the Syrians of Damafcus xi
’

who came to aflift him, Rezon the fon of Elia- 2 3-

dah fled from his lord Hadad-Ezer, and gathered
men unto him and became Captain over a hand, and
Reigned in Damafcus, over Syria : he is . called
Hezion, i King. xv. i 8 . and his lucceflors men-
tioned in hiftory were Tahrimon, Hadad or Ben-
hadad, Benhadad II. Hazael, Benhadad III. *^
and Rezin the fon of Taheah. Syria became fub-
je6t to Egypt in the days of Tahrimon, and re-
covered her liberty under Benhadad I ; and in
the days of Benhadad III, until the reign of
the lafl: Rezin, they became fubje<5t to Ifrael :
5 and
 . , ,

222 Of the Empire

and in the ninth year of Hojhea King of
Tight h-pilefer King of Ajfyna captivated the Syl
rians, and put an end to their Kingdom : now
Antiq. 1.
9
1 ’

^
. Jofephus tells us, that the Syrians till his days
' worjhipped both Adar, that is Hadad or Benhadad,
- and his fuccejfor Hazael as Gods for their bene*
,
factions, and for building Temples by ‘which they
adorned the city of Damafcus : for faith he, they
daily celebrate folemnities in honour
of thefe Kings
and hoajl their antiquity, not knowing that they
-ClIII- *
J
are novel, and lived not above eleven hundred
W4 t
-I- 'VI

*OJ:\ i years ago. It feems thefe Kings built fiimptu-

cii.0 !

ous Sepulchres for themfelves, and were wor-

k
k Judin. fhipped therein. Jujlin calls the firft of thefe
1.
two Kings Damafcus, faying that the city had
its name
from hem, and that the Syrians m
honour of him worjhipped his wife Arathes as
a Goddefs, ujing her Sepulchre for a Temple.
Another inffanoe we have in the Kingdom of
1
Diodor. Byhlus In the 1 Reign of Mims King of Crete,
1, f : p. 238.
when Rhadamantlms the brother of Minos carried
colonies from Crete to the Greek iilands, and
gave the iflands to his captains, he gave Lernos
to Thorn, or Thetas, or Thoantes,
the father of
Hypfipyle, a Cretan worker in metals, and by
confluence a difciple of the Idai DaByli, and
s a Phoenician : for the Id^ei DaSlyli, and
is, and Corybantes brought thek Arts and
Sciences
 of E GYP T. 223
Sciences from Phoenicia : and m Suidas faith, that ‘’’Suidas fn
Stftpc/We'-
he was defcended from Pharnaces King of Cy- 7TcLh& %

n
Apollod.
prus Apollodorusy " that he was the fon of Sando -
•,
1 3 -

°
chus a Syrian and Apollonius Rhodius, that 0
Argo-
4. naut. i.
Hypfipyle gave Jafon the purple cloak which v. 424. &
v. 6it
the Graces made for Bacchus, who gave it to 1. 1 . .

his fon Thoas, the father of Hypfipyle, and King

of Lemnos Thoas married p Calycopis, the mo- p Homer
:

OdylP 0.
ther of Aeneas, and daughter of Otreus King v. 268.
of Phrygia, and for his skill on the harp was 292. &
Hymn. 1. &
called Cinyras , and was laid to be exceedingly 2. in Vene-
rem. & He-
beloved by Apollo or Orus : the great Bacchus fiod. Theo
loved his wife, and being caught in bed with gon. v. 192,
her him with wine, and
in Phrygia appeafed
nmo
i'fi:

compofed the matter by making him King of

Byhlus and Cyprus and then came over the
;

Iiellefpont with his army, and conquered Thrace :

and to thefe things the poets allude, in feigning
that Vulcan from heaven into Lemnos, and
fell
q
that Bacchus appeafed him with wine, and <i Paufan,
1 • X • C ZOi
»

reduced him back into heaven : he fell from

the heaven of the Cretan Gods, when he went
from Crete to Lemnos to work in metals, and
was reduced back into heaven when Bacchus
made him King of Cyprus and Byhlus : he
Reigned there ’till a very great age, living to
the times of the Trojan war, and becoming ex-
ceeding
o rich: and after the death of his wife
w Calyco-
 , , , , ,

224 Of the Empire

r
Clem. AU Calycopts ‘ he built Temples to her
Admon. ad at .Paphos*
Gent. p. 10. and Amathus , in Cyprus and at Byblus in Syria •

Apollodor. ;

1. 3* c. 15 *
and militated Prielts to her with Sacred Rites
l’indar. Pyth.
and lullful Orgia whence (he became the Dea
Ode 2. He-
iych.m K/i- Cypria , and the Dea Syria : and from Temples
Wf aJ'a.t.
Steph. in erecled to her in thele and other places, flie
Af/ecBxf.
Strabo. 1. r 6.
was alio called Papina, Amathujia, Byblia, Cythe-
P- 7Sf- rea y Salaminia, Cnidia , Erycina, Idalia. Fama
tradit a Cinyra facratum 'vetujlijjimum Paphw
Veneris templum, Deamq ue ipfam conceptam man
hue appulfam: Tacit. Hi(l. 1. 1. c. 3. From
her {ailing from Phrygia to the ifland Cythera,
and from thence to be Queen of Cyprus ihe
was laid by the Cyprians to be born of the froth
of the (ea, and was painted (ailing upon a
{hell. Cinyras Deified alfo his (on Gingris, by the
name of Adonis •, and for affifting the Egyptians
widi armour, it is probable that he himlelf was
Deified -by his friends the Egyptians y by the
name of Baal- Canaan, or Vulcan : for Vulcan was
celebrated principally by the Egyptians and was
a King according to Homer, and Reigned in
Lemnos ; and Cinyras was an inventor of arts,
r Clem. Al. - and found out copper in Cyprus, and the
Admon. ad
Gent. p. 21 fmiths hammer, and anvil, and tongs, and la-
Plin. 1. 7.
c. 56.
yer and imployed workmen in making ar-
j

mour, and other things of brafs and iron, and

was the only King celebrated in hi (lory for
working
 of Egypt. 225
working in metals, and was King of Lemnos,
and the husband of Venus j all which are the
characters of Vulcan and the Egyptians about the
:

time of the death of Cinyras, viz. in the Reign

of their King Amenophis, built a very fumptuous
Temple at Memphis to Vulcan, and near it a
(mailer Temple to Venus Hof pita not an E- ;

gyptian woman but a foreigner, not Helena but

Vulcan's Venus : for ‘
Herodotus tells us, that the t
Herod. 1.2.

region round about this Temple was inhabited

u “ He rod- L 3 '

by Tyrian Phoenicians, and that Cambyfes going

7
into this Temple at Memphis, very much de-
rided the ftatue of Vulcan for its littlenefs 5
For ,
faith he, this Jlatue is mojl like thofe Gods which
the Phoenicians call Patarci, and carry about in the

fore' part of their Ships in the form of Pygmies : and

* Bochart faith of this Venus Hofpita, Phoeniciam x Bochart.
a “ aan- L 1
Venerem in ALgypto pro peregrina habitam. ^
As the Egyptians, Phoenicians and Syrians

in thofe days Deified Kings and Princes,

their

(o upon their coming into Afia minor and Greece,

they taught thofe nations to do the like, as hath
been fhewed above. In thofe days the writing
of the Thebans and Ethiopians was in hierogly-
phicks and this way of writing feems to have
;

fpread into the lower Egypt before the days of

Mofes: for thence came the worfhip of their
Gods in the various fhapes of Birds, Beafts, and
G g
Fifties,
 ,

Of the Empire
Fifties, forbidden in the fecond commandment
Now this emblematical way of writing
gave
occafion to the Thebans and Ethiopians, who
in
the days of Samuel, David, Solomon and Reho-
boam conquered Egypt, and the nations round
about, and ere&ed a great Empire, to reprefent
and conquering Kings and Princes,
fignify their
not by writing down their names, but by mak-
ing various hieroglyphical figures j as by paint-
ing Ammon with Ram’s horns, to fignify. the
King who conquered Libya, a country abounding
with iheep ;
his father Amojis with a Scithe, to
fignify that King who conquered the lower
Egypt, a country abounding with corn ;
his Con

OJiris by an Ox, becaufe he taught the con-

quered nations to plow with oxen; Bacchs
With Bulls horns for the fame reafon, and with
Grapes becaufe he taught the nations to plant
vines, and upon a Tiger becaufe he fubdued
India Oms the fon of OJiris with a Harp, to fig-
;

nify the Prince who was eminently skilled on

that inftrument Jupiter upon an Eagle to fig^
;

nify the fublimity of his dominion, and with a

Thunderbolt to reprefent him a warrior Venus*
;

in a Chariot drawn with two

Doves, to repre-
f^nt her amorous and luftful
Neptune win a
•

Trident, to fignify the commander

of a fleet
cGmpofed of three fquadrons AEgeon, Giant, a
;

1 with
 of Egypt.
with j o heads, and an hundred hand?, to fig-
nify Neptune with his men in a lhip of fifty .

oars ;
Thoth with a Dog’s head and wings at his
cap and
and a Caduceus writhen about
feet,

with two Serpents, to fignify a man of crafr>

and an embaffador who reconciled two contend-
ing nations Pan with a Pipe and the legs of a
;

Goat, to fignify a man delighted in piping and

dancing and Hercules with Pillars ana a Club,
•,

becaufe Sefoflris fet up pillars in all his conquefts,

and fought againft the Libyans with clubs this :

is that Hercules who, according to y Eudoxus was

, y a pud a-

flain by Typhon and according to Ptolomaus * hena!Um

;
z P
was called Nilus, and who con-
Hephajlion
* p toJ j 2
qUered Geryon with his three fons in Spain, and
let up the famous pillars at the mouth of the
8
Straits : for Diodorus mentioning three Hercules’s, » Diod. 1. 3.
the Egyptian, the Tyrian, and the fon of Ale- p - l ^‘
Mena, faith that the oldejl fourijhed among the
Egyptians, and having conquered a great part
of the ‘world, fet up the pillars in Afric and :

b
Vafeus, that Ofris, called alfo Dionyfms, came k
Vaf.

into Spain and conquered Geryon, and ‘was the c

firjl <who brought Idolatry into Spain. Strabo

*
tells us, that the Ethiopians called Megabars <•
Strabo
fought with clubs L ,6 p- 77(5*
and fome of the Greeks
:
'

d
did fo ’till the times of the Trojan war. Now d Homer,
from this hieroglyphical way of writing it came
-i.ii -v G g 2. to
 , ,

Of the Empire
to pdfs, that upon the divifion of Eg ypt into
Nomes by Sefojlris, the great men of the King-
dom to whom the Nomes were dedicated, were

reprefcnted in their Sepulchers or Temples of

the Nomes by various hieroglyphicks ;
as by
an Ox, a Cat, a Dog, a Cebus, a Goat, a Lyon,

a Scarabteus, an Ichneumon, a Crocodile, an

Hippopotamus, an Oxyrinchus, an Ibis, a Crow,

a Hawk, and were worihipped by the

a Leek,
Nomes in the fhape of thefe creatures.
The eAtlantides a people upon mount Atlas
'

conquered by the Egyptians in the Reign of

Ammon, related that Uranus was their firft King,
and reduced them from a favage courfe of life,
and caufed them to dwell in towns and cities,
and lay up and ufe the fruits of the earth, and
that he reigned over a great part of the world,
and by his wife lit tea had eighteen children,

among which were Hyperion and Bajilea the

parents of Helius and Selene that the brothers of

Hyperion flew him, and drowned his fon Helms,
the Phaeton of the ancients, in the Nile, and di-

vided his Kingdom amongft themfelves; and

the country bordering upon the Ocean fell t0

the lot of Atlas, from whom the people were

called Atlantides. By Uranus or Jupiter Uranius,
Hyperion, Bajilea, Helius and Selene, I underhand
Jupiter Ammon, Ojiris, Ijis, Orus and Bubajle
y and
 of Egypt. \ 229
and by the {hating of the Kingdom of Hyperion
amongft his brothers the Titans, I underftand,
the divifion of the earth among the Gods men-
tioned in the Poem of Solon.
For Solon having travelled into Egypt, and
converted with the Priefts of Sais about their
antiquities, wrotePoem of what he had
a
f
learnt, but did not finite it and this Poem5 f
PIatoJn
fell into the hands of Plato, who relates out of Tim$o, &
Gm a ' '

it, that at the mouth of the Straits near Her-

cults's Pillars there was an Ifland called Atlan-
:

tis, the people of which, nine thouland years be-

fore the days of Solon, reigned over Libya as far ,

as Egypt, and over Europe as far as the Tyrrhene.

tea and all this force collected into one body
j

invaded Egypt and Greece, and whatever was

contained within the Pillars of Hercules, but
was refilled and flopt by the Athenians and o-
ther Greeks, and thereby the reft of the nations
not yet conquered v^ere preterved he faith alio
:

that in thole days the Gods, having finiteed

their conquefts, divided the whole earth amongft
rhemfelves, partly into larger, partly into {mai-
ler portions, and inftituted Temples and Sacred
Rites to themfelves , and that the Ifland Atlan-
tis fell to the lot of Neptune, who made his
eldeft fon Atlas King of the whole Ifland, a
part of which was called Gadir , and that in the
bnft 8 • hijlory
 ,

Of the Empire
hiftoryof the faid wars mention was made of
Cecrops, Erechthcus, Erichthonius, and others
before Theleus, and alfo of the women who war-
red with the men, and of the habit aid fiatue
of Minerva, the Jludy of war m thofe days
being common to men and women. By all

thefe circumftances it is manifeft that thefeGods

were the Dii magni majorum gentium, and lived
between the age of Cecrops and Thefeus and that •,

the wars which Sefojlris with his brother Nep-

tune made upon the nations by land and fea, and
the rehllance he met with in Greece , and the
following invafion by Neptune, are
of Egypt
here defcribed and how the captains of Sefojlris
•,

fhared his conquefts amongft themfelves, as the

captains of Alexander the great did his conquefts
long after, and inftituting Temples and Priefts

and facred Rites to themfelves, caufed the nati-

ons to worfhip them after death as Gods : and
that the Ifland Gadir or Gades, with all Libya,

fell to the lot of him who after death was

Deified by the name of Neptune. The time
therefore when thefe things were done is by
Solon limited to the age of Neptune the father
of Atlas j
for Homer tells us, that Ulyjfes pre-
fently after the Trojan war found Calypfo the
daughter of Atlas in the Ogygian Ifland, per-
haps Gadir and therefore it was but two Gene*
;

rations
 .
of E g yp t. 231
rations before the Trojan war. This is that Nep-
tune, who with Apollo or Orus fortified Troy
with a wall, in the Reign of Laomedon the
fa-
ther of Priamus, and left many natural
children
in Greece, fbme of which were Argonauts,
and
others were contemporary to the Argonauts
;
and therefore he flourifhed but
one Generation
before the Argonautic expedition, and by confe-
quence about 400 years before Solon went into
Egypt but the Priefts of Egypt in thole
:
400
years had magnified the and antiquity of
ftories
their Gods fo exceedingly, as to make them
nine
thoufand years older than Solon, and the Ifland
Atlantis bigger than all Afric and
Afia together,
and full of people , and becaufe in the days of
Solon this great Ifland did not appear, they
pretended that was funk, into the fea with ail
it

its people thus great was the vanity of the

:

Priefts of Egypt in magnifying their antiqui-

ties.

The Cretans affirmed that Neptune 'was tbs

*
g A P ud Dio-
firjl man 'who fet out a fleet, having obtained this dor - 1
-r-
P 233
PrafeCture of his father Saturn ; whence poferity
reckoned things done in the fea to be under his
go
-

njernment, and mariners honoured him with facri-

fices : the invention of tall Ships with fails h is h
Pamphus
alfo afcribed to him. He was firft worshipped
in
Africa^ as Herodotus 1
affirms, and therefore -
Herod.
'

1, a,
c * 0,
‘iKhO: Reigned ‘
 2^2 Of the Empire
Reigned over that province : for his eldeft fon

Atlas, who fucceeded him, was not only Lord of

the Ifland Atlantis , but alfb Reigned over a great
part of Africy giving his name to the people
called Atlantii , and to the mountain Atlas, and

the Atlantic Ocean. The outmoft parts of the

1

i Plutarch

earth ancl promontories, and whatever bordered

in ifide.

upon the feaand was wafhed by it, the Egypti-

ans called Neptys and on the coafts of Marmo-
y

Ytca and Cyreney Bochart and Arius Adontanus

place the Naphthuhim, a people fprung from Miz-
raim, Gen. x. 1 $ } and thence Neptune and his
wife Neptys might have their names, the words

Neptune , Neptys, and Naphthuhim, fignifying the

King, Queen, and people of the fea- coafts. The

Greeks tell us that Japetus was the father of

Atlasyand Bochart derives Japetus and Neptune

from the fame original he and his fon Atlas
:

are celebrated in the ancient fables for making

war upon the Gods of Egypt as when Lucian -

y
k the
k Lucian de faith that Corinth being full of fables, tells
Saitatioue.
G f 5^/ an d Neptune y that is, of Apollo and
Python , or Orus and Typhon y and where Agathar-
relates how the Gods of Egypt fled from
1
1 Agatharc. cides
Ph°
tium.
'
the Giants, ’till the Titans came in and laved
them by putting Neptune to flight and where y
m
"Hygin. Hyginus tells the war between the Gods of
/Egypt, and the Titans commanded by Atlas-
The

1
 : ,:; 1

. of Egypt. 233
The of TtUa, fome of
Titans are the pofterity
whom under Hercules aftifted the Gods, others
under Neptune and Atlas warred againft them
n
for 'which reajon, faith Plutarch, the Priejls of nPj^arch j
‘

Egypt abominated the fea, and had Neptune in

no honour. By Hercules, I underftand here the
general of the forces of Thebais and Ethiopia
whom the Gods or great men of Egypt called
to their afliftance, againft the Giants or great
men of Libya, who nad flain Ofiris and invaded
°
Egypt for Diodorus faith that 'when Ofiris - Diodor.
1 ' lo‘
made his expedition over the voorld, he left his

hinfman Hercules general of his forces over all

his dominions, and Antaeus governor of Libya
and Ethiopia. Antaus Reigned over all Afric to
the Atlantic Ocean, and built Tingis or Tangieres
Pindar p tells us that he Reigned at Irafa a
of Libya, where Cyrene was afterwards built:
town ^' Dd
y e? ’ ^ *

he invaded Egypt and Thebais for he was beaten ;

by Hercules and the Egyptians near Antaa or

Antaopolis, a town of Thebais ; and Diodorus
q
tells us that this tovon had its name from An- q Diodor.
1. I. p. 12*
tarns, 'whom Hercules flenw in the days of Ofiris.
Hercules overthrew him feveral times, and every *
1 n I
/
time he grew ftronger by recruits from Libya
his mother earth but Hercules intercepted his
recruits,and at length flew him. In thefe wars
Hercules took the Libyan world from Atlas, and
H h made <
 Of 'the Empire
made Atlas pay tribute out of his golden or-

chard, the Kingdom of Afric. Antms and

Atlas were both of them Tons of Neptune , both
of them Reigned over all Libya .and Afric, be-
tween Mount Atlas and the Mediterranean to
the very Ocean both of them invaded Egypt,
j

and contended with Hercules in the wars of the

Gods, and therefore they are but two names of
one and the lame man and even the name At-
•,

Teems to have been com-

las 'in the 'oblique cafes
pounded of the name Antms , andfome other
word, perhaps the word Atal,< cur fed, put before
it; the invafion of Egypt by Ant
reus, .O'vtdk&ki

relation unto, where he makes Hercules

lay,
»

*
>

S&'voque alimenta parentis.

Antcso eripui.

This war was at length compofed by the inter-

vention of Mercury , who in memory
thereof

was faid to reconcile two contending ferpents,

•

them:
'by calling his AmbafTador’s rod between
or
and thus much concerning the ancient flare
-Egypt, Libya, and Greece, deferibed by Solon.
The mythology of the Cretans differed infome
in
things from that of Egypt and Libya: for
the Cretan mythology, Ccelus and Terra, or Vra-
>

musiwA Titaa, were the parents of Saturn and -

 , : , ,

of Egypt.
Rhea and Saturn and Rhea were the parents of
Jupiter and Juno ; and Hyperion, Japetus and the
Titans were one Generation older than Jupiter \
and Saturn was expelled his Kingdom and ca-
ftrated by his foil Jupiter which fable hath no :

place in the mythology of Egypt.

Daring the Reign of Sefac, Jeroboam being
in fubje&ion to Egypt fet up the Gods of

Egypt in Dan and Bethel and Ifrael was without j

the true God, and without a teaching Priejl and

without law : and in thofe times there was "no peace
to him that went out, nor to him that came in,
hut great 'vexations were upon all the inhabitants
of the countries ;
and nation was dejlroyed of
nation, and city of city : for God did 'vex them
with z Chron. xv, 3, 5, 6 But in
all ad'verfity. .

the fifth year of Afa the land of Judah became

quiet from war, and from thence had quiet
ten years; and Afa took away the altars of
ftrange Gods, and brake down the Images, and
built the fenced cities of Judah with walls and
towers and gates and bars, having reft on every
fide, and got up an army of
5 B o o o o men,
with which in the fifteenth year of his Reign
he met Zerah the Ethiopian who came out a-
gainft him with an army of a thouland thouiand
Ethiopians and Libyans the way of the Libyans
was through Egypt, and therefore Zerah was
s
•
h z H now
 -

Of ^ Empire
now Lord of Egypt : they fought at Marejhah
lvwr Ger.ir, between Egypt and Jud(eay and Ze-
r ib was beaten, fo that he could not ’recover
himlelf: and from all this I (eem to gather that
Ojiris was Haiti in the fifth year of Afa, and

thereupon Egypt fell into civil wars, being in-

vaded by the Libyans , and defended by the E-

tbiopians for a time; and after ten years more
beino- invaded by the Ethiopians , who flew Orus
the Ton and fucceflor of Ofiris , drowning him
in the Nile, and feized his Kingdom. By thefe
civil wars of Egypt , the land of 'Judah
had reft

ten years. Ojiris or Sefoftris reigned long, Ma-

netho faith
48 years and by this reckoning he
;

began to Reign about the 1 7 th year of Solo-

mon and Orus his fbn was drowned in the

;
1 5 th

year of for Pliny

1
tells us, JEgyptionm
. AJa :

bellis attrita eft ^Ethiopia, wicijjim imperitando fer

r
viendoque, clara & potens etiam uftque ad Trojana
ferved Egypt
bella Memnone regnante. Ethiopia ,

and no longer; for

’till the death of Sefoftrisy
2 f
he alone enjoyed the
-
Herodotus tells us that
Empire of Ethiopia then the Ethiopians became
:

free, and after ten years became Lords of Egypt

and Libya , under Zerah and Amenophis.

When Afa by his victory over Zerah became
(afe from Egypt, he affembled all the people,
and they offered facrifices out of the fpoils, and
entered
 -

of Eg yp t. 237
entered into a covenant upon oath to leek the
Lord ;
and in lieu of the veflels taken away by ,

SefaCj he brought into the houfe of God the things

that his father had dedicated\ and that he
himfelf had dedicat ed3 Silver and Gold3 and Vejfels.

x Chron. xv.
.

4
When Zerah was beaten, fo that he could not
recover himlelf, the people *. of the lower Egypt
revolted from the Ethiopians, and called in to phum cont.

their afliftance two hundred thoufand JJews and

* ^
F* loci
10 )
IO *3-
Canaanites • and under the conduct of one Ofar-
Jiphusy Egypt , called Uforthon, Ofor-
a Priefb of
chony Oforchor , and Hercules ALgyptius by Mane
thoy caufed the Ethiopians now under Memnon to
retire to Memphis : and there Memnon turned the
river Nile into a new channel, built a bridge
over it and fortified that pals, and then went
back into Ethiopia : but after thirteen years, he
and his young Ton Ramejfes came down with
an army from Ethiopia3 conquered the lower
Eg ypty and drove out the Jews and Phoenicians j
and this adtion the Egyptian writers and their
followers call the fecond expulfion of the Shep-
herds, taking Ofarjiphus for Mofes.
Tithonus a beautiful youth, the elder brother
of Priamusy went into Ethiopia, being carried
thither among many
by Sefojlris and captives :

the Greeks, before the days of Hejiod, feigned

'

PM.' '

1 ,; j
1 that •
 :

238 Of the Empire

that Merrinon was his foil : Memtion therefore, in

the opinion of thofe ancient Greeks, was one

Generation younger than Ttthonus, and was
born after the return of Sefojlris into Egypt
fuppofe about 16 or 10 years after the death of
Solomon. He is faid to have lived very long, and
fo might die about 9 $
years after Solomon, as

we reckoned above : his mother, called Ciffia by

ALfchylus, in a (latue ere&cd to her in Egypt,
u
u Diodor. was reprefented as the daughter, the wife, and
lt
the mother of a King, and therefore he was
1. 1 . p- 3

the (on of a King which makes it probable

;

that Zerah, whom he fucceeded in the Kingdom

of Ethiopia, was his father.
4
* Herod. 1. 1* Hiftorians agree that Menes Reigned in E-
gypt next after the Gods, and turned the river

into a new and built a bridge over it,

channel,
and built Memphis and the magnificent Temple
of Vulcan he built Memphis over-againft the
:

place where Grand Cairo now (lands, called by

the Arabian hiftorians Mejir he built only the:

body of the Temple of Vulcan, and his fuccef

(brs Ramejfes or Rhampjinitus
,
Maris, Ajychis,
and Pfammiticus built the weftern, northern,
caftcrn, and (outhern portico’s thereof: Pfammi-
ticus, who built the
portico of this Temple,
laft

Reigned three hundred years after the victory of

Afa over Zerah, and it is not likely that this

Temple

it.
 , , , , ;

*, of Egypt.
Temple could be above hundred years in
three
building, or that any Menes could be King of
allEgypt before the expulfion of the Shepherds.
The laft of the Gods of Egypt was Orus, with
his mother Ijts and lifter Bybafte and fccretary
Thoth, and the King who
and unkle 7yphon •,

reigned next after all their deaths, and turned

the river and built a bridge over it, and built
Memphis and the Temple of Vulcan was Mem-
fion or Amenophis, called by the Eg yptians Ame-
noph and therefore he is Menes for the names
;
:

Amenoph or Menoph , and Menes do not much

differ and from Amenoph the city Memphis
y

built by Menes had its Egyptian names Moph,

Noph, Menoph or Menuf, as it is ftill called by
•the Arabian hiftorians: the neceftity of fortify-

ing this place againft Qfarfiphus gave occafionto

the building of it.
-

In the time of the revolt of the lower Egypt

under Ofarjiphus, and the retirement of Ameno-
phis into Ethiopia, Egypt being then in the
.greateft diftradion, the Greeks built the fhip
Argo ,
and lent in it the flower of Greece to
JEetes in Colchis,and to many other Princes on
the coafts of the Euxine and Mediterranean leas
.
and this fhip was built after the pattern of an
Egyptian fhip with fifty oars, in which Danaus
with his fifty daughters a few years before fled
from
 , :
/

-4° Of the Empire

from Egypt into Greece and was the firft loner
fhip with lails built by the Greeks and fuch an
improvement of navigation, with a defign to
fend the flower of Greece to many Princes upon
the of the Euxine and Mediterranean
fea-coafts
feas, was too great an undertaking to be fet on
foot, without the concurrence of the Princes and
and perhaps the approbation of
States of Greece ,
the AmphiByonic Council for it was done by
\

the dictate of the Oracle. This Council met

every half year upon flate-affairs for the welfare

of and therefore knew of this expedi-

Greece ,
tion, and might fend the Argonauts upon an
embafly to the laid Princes and for concealing
;

their defign might make the fable of the golden

fleece, in relation to the fhip of Phrixus whole
enfign was a golden ram and probably their
:

defign was to notify the diffraction of Egypt}

and the invafion thereof by the Ethiopians and
IJraelites, to the faid Princes, and to perfuade
them to take that opportunity to revolt from
Egypt, and fet up for themfelves, and make a
league with the Greeks : for the Argonauts went
1 Strabo. 1. 1. through y the Kingdom of Colchis by land to the
Armenians and through Armenia to the Medes
,
;

which could not have been done if they had

not made friendihip
with the nations through
which they palled ; they vifited alfo Laomedon
*
'
'
King
 ,, :

of Egypt. 2 41
King of the Trojans, Phineus King of the Thra-

cians, Cyzicus King of King the Voliones, Lycus

of the Mariandyni the coafts of Myfia and

Taurica Cherfenefus the nations upon the
Tanais, the people about Byzantium, and the
coafts of Epirus, Corjica, Melita, Italy, Sicily,

Sardinia, and Gallia upon the Mediterranean

z d
and from thence they crofted the fea to Afric, p^ Q de 4
and there conferred with Euripylus King of Gy-
rene and 1 Strabo tells us that in Armenia and
:

r
Media, and the neighbouring places, there aiere
frequent monuments of the expedition of Ja-
fbn ;
as alfo about Sinope, and its fea-coajls ;
the

Propontis and the Hellefpont, and in the Medi-

terranean and a meflage by the flower of Greece
:

to fo many nations could be on no other ac-

count than ftate-policy ; thefe nations had been

invaded by the Egyptians, but after this expedi-
tion we hear no more of their continuing in
fubjetftion to Egypt.
Egyptians originally lived on the fruits
b b Diodor,
The lu? 19 '

of the earth, and fared hardly, and abftained from

animals, and therefore abominated Shepherds
Menes taught them to adorn their beds and
tables with and carpets,
rich furniture and
brought in amongft them afumptuous, delicious
and voluptuous way of life and about a hun- :

one of his
dred years after his death, GnephaBhus
t f I i fucceflors
 ,

Of the Empire
fucceflbrs cur fed him for it, and to reduce the
luxury of Egypt, caufed the curie to be entered
in the Temple of Jupiter at Thebes and by this •,

curie the honour of Menes was diminiihed a-

mong the Egyptians. .
C
The Kings of Egypt who expelled the Shep-
herds and lucceeded them, Reigned I think
firft at Coptos and then at Thebes , and then at
Memphis. At Coptos I place Mifphragmuthofts and
Amojis or Thomofis who expelled the Shepherds,
and aboliflied their cuftom of (acrificing men,
and extended the Coptic language, and the name
O'
of Aid Kd?fl y, Agyptus, to the conqueft. Then
Thebes became the Royal City of Ammon, and
from him was called No- Ammon, and his con-
queft on the weft of Egypt was called Ammonia.
After him, in the fame city of Thebes, Reigned 0-
Jiris, Orus, Menes or Amenophis, and Ramejfes:

but Memphis and her miracles were not yet ce-

lebrated in Greece for Homer celebrates Thebes as
;

in its glory in his days, and makes no mention

of Memphis. After Menes had built Memphis,
Mceris the fucceftor of Ramejfes adorned it, and
made it the (eat of the Kingdom, and this was
almoft two Generations after the Trojan war.
Cinyras, the Vulcan who married Venus, and
under the Kings of Egypt Reigned over Cyprus
and part of Phoenicia, and made armour for thole
'
Kings,.
 of Egypt. 24
- Kings, •
lived of the Trojan
’till the times
war and upon his death Menes or Memnon
:

might Deify him, and found the famous Tem-

ple of Vulcan in that city for his woriliip, but
not live to finifh it. In a plain
c
not far c
Manctho.
from Memphis are many (mall Pyramids, laid to
be built by Venephes or Enephes and I fulpedt ;

that Venephes and Enephes have been corruptly

written for Menephes or Amenophis the letters
,
AM being almoft worn out in fome old ma-
nufcript for after the example of thefe Pyra-
:

mids, the following Kings, Mceris and his fuc-

ceflors, built others much larger. The plain in
which they were was the burying-place of
built
that city, as appears by the Mummies there
found; and therefore the Pyramids were the
fepulchral monuments of the Kings and Princes
of that city and by thefe and fuch like
:
works
.the city grew famous foon after
the days of
Homer ; who therefore flourifhed in the Rekn
of '

Ramejfes.
d
Herodotus is the oldeft hiftorian now d
Herod. i.a,
extant
who wrote of the antiquities of Egypt, and
had
what he wrote from the Priefts of that
country :

and Diodorus, who wrote almoft

400 years after
him, and had his relations
alfo from the Priefts
° Egypt, placed many namelefs Kings be-
tween thofc whom Herodotus
placed in continual
f i z fucceftion.
 , ,;
jr h Y Q Ji
Of the Empire
fucceffeon. The Pricfts of Egypt had therefore
between the days of Herodotus and Diodorus, out
of vanity, very much increafed the number of
their Kingsand what they did
: after the days
of Herodotus they began to do before his days
for he tells us that they recited to him out of their
books, the names of 330 Kings who Reigned
after Meries, but did nothing memorable, except
Nitocris and Moeris the laft of them : all thefe

Reigned at Thebes, ’till Moeris tranflated the feat

of the Empire from Thebes to Memphis. After
Moeris he reckons Sefoflris, Pheron, Proteus
Rhampjinitus , Cheops, Cephren, Mycerinus Afychis,,
,

Anyjis, Sabacon, Anyps again, Sethon, twelve

contemporary Kings, Pfammitichus, Nechus
Pfammis, Apries, Amajts, and Pfammenitus. The
Egyptians had before the days of Solon made
their monarchy s> 000 years old,
and now they
.
reckon’d to Herodotus a fucceflion of 330 Kings
Reigning fo many Generations, that is about
1 1 00 o years, before Sefojlris
but the Kings who
:

Reigned long before Sejojlris might Reign over

leveral little Kingdoms of Egyptj
in (everal parts
before the of their Monarchy; and by con-
rife
fequence before the days of
Eli and Samuel, and
fo are not under our
confederation and thefe :

names may have been multiplied

by corruption;
and (ome of them, as Athothes
or Thoth, the
fecretary

V
t *
 :

of E G YP T.
fecretary of Ojiris ;
Toforthrus or AEfculapius a
Phyfician who invented building with fquare

{tones and Thuor or Polybus the husband of

•,

Alcandra , were only Princes of Egypt. If with

Herodotus we omit the names of thole Kings
who did nothing memorable, and confider only
thole whole actions are recorded, and who left
fplendid monuments of their having Reigned
over Egypt, fuch as were Temples, Statues*
Pyramids, Obelisks, and Palaces dedicated or af-
eribed to them, thefe Kings reduced into good
order will give us all or almoft all the Kings
°f Egypt, from the days of the expullion of the
Shepherds and founding of the Monarchy,
downwards to the conqueft of Egypt by Cam-
lyfes for Sefojlris Reigned in the Age of the
-
Gods of Egypty being Deified by the names' of
Ojiris, and Bacchus, as above , and
Hercules
therefore Menes y Nitocris, and Maris are to be
placed after him-, Menes and his Ion Ramejfes
Reigned next after the Gods, and therefore Ni-
tocris and Maris Reigned after Ramejfes Maris :

is let down immediately before Cheops , three

times Dynallys of the Kings of Egypt
in the
compoled by Eratojlhenes, and once in the Dy-
nafties of Manetho j
and in the lame Dynallies
Nitocris is let after the builders of the three
great Pyramids, and according to Herodotus her
c brother
 y ,

246 Of the Empire

brother Reigned before her, and was (lain, and
flie revenged and according to Syn-i
his deadi •,

cellns flic built the third great Pyramid and the

}

builders of the Pyramids Reigned at Memphis

and by confequence after Moeris, Now front
thefe things I gather that the Kings of Egypt
mentioned by Herodotus ought to be placed in
this order j
Sefojlris , Pheron, Proteus , Menes,
Rhampjinitus, Moeris, Cheops} Cephren , Mycerinus,
Nitocris, Afychis , AnyJiSy Sabacon, Anyjis a-

gain, Sethon, twelve contemporary Kings, Pfam-

mitichusy Nechus , Pfammisy Apries } Amajis, P/^z-
menitus.
Pheron by Herodotus laid to be the Ion and
is

fucceflor of Sefojlris. He was Deified by the name

of Or us.
Proteus Reigned in the lower Egypt when
Paris failed thither j
that is at the end of the
e
e
Herod. 1.2. Trojan war, according to Herodotus : and at

that time Amenophis was King of Egypt and E-

thiopia: but in his abfence Proteus might be
governor of fbme part of the lower Egypt un-
der him for Homer places Proteus upon the fea-
;

coafts, and makes him a fea God, and calls

him the fervant of Neptune and Herodotus faith •,

that he rofe up from among the

common peo-
ple, and that Proteus was his
name tranflated
into Greek and this name in Greek
fignifies only

7
/
 : ,

bns .
ji of Egypt. ted 247
a Prince or Prefident. fucceeded Pheron and He
was fucceeded by Rhampjinkus according to He- *

rodotus •, and
was contemporary to Amenophis.
fo
Amenophis Reigned next after Orus and IJis
the lall of the Gods
he Reigned at firfl over
j

all Egypt, and then over Memphis and the up-

per parts of Egypt and by conquering Ofarp
;

phus, who had revolted from him, became King

of Egypt again, about 5 1 years after the
all

death of Solomon. He built Memphis and ordered

the worfhip of the Gods of Egypt, and built
a
Palace at Ahydus, and the Memnonia at This and
Sufa, and the magnificent Temple of Vulcan in
Memphis the building with fquare ftones being
;

found out before by Toforthrus, the ALfculapius of

Egypt he is by corruption of his name called
Menes, Mines, Minaus, Mineus, Minies Mnevis,
,

Enephes, Venephes, Ph amenophis, Ofymanthyas Oji-

,

mandes, Ijmandes, Memnon , Arminon.

Imandes,
Amenophis was fucceeded by his fon, called by
Herodotus, Rhampfinitus, and by others Ramies,
f
Ramifes, Ramefes, Ramejfes, Rameps, Rhampfes, f
Amm an> ;

Remphis. Upon an Obelisk erected by thisKing 1 ‘7- c -

4-

in Heliopolis, and lent to Rome by the Emperor

Conpntius, was an infcription, interpreted by
Hermapion an Egyptian Prieft, exprefling that
the King was long lived, and Reigned over a
great part of the earth and Strabo, 8 an eye- wit- e Strabo.
'' ‘ 7 P- S17-
-
nels,
 248 Of the Empire
nc(s, tells us, that in the monuments of the

Kings of E gypt, above the Memnonium were in-

Icriptions upon Obelisks, exprefling the riches of

the Kings, and their Reigning as far as Scythia,
h
k Annal. 1. a. Battria, India and Ionia : and Tacitus tells us

inlcription feen at Thebes by Cafar Ger-

c. 60.
from an
manic us, and interpreted to him by the Eg ypti-
an Priefts, that this King Ramefes had an army
of 700000 men, and Reigned over Libya, E-
thiopia, Media, Perjia, BaElria, Scythia, Arme-

nia, Cappadocia, Bithynia, and Lycia whence ;

the Monarchy of Afyria was not yet rifen.

This King was very covetous, and a great col-
lector of taxes, and one of the richelt of all
the Kings of Egypt, and built the weftern por-
tico of the T emple of Vulcan.
Moeris inheriting the riches of Ramefes,
built the northern portico of that Temple more
fumptuoufly, and made the Lake of Maris,
with two great Pyramids of brick in the miaft
of it and for preferving the divihon of Egypt
:

into equal fhares amongft the foldiers, this King

wrote a book of (urveying, which gave a be-
ginning to Geometry. He is called alfo Maris,
Myris, Meres, Marres, Sniarrcs and more cor- •,

ruptly,by changing M
into A, T, B, ,
YX, A, 2
&c. Ayres, Tyris, By'vres, Sorts , Uchoreus, La-
chares, Labans, &c.
Diodorus
 , )

vf Kgyp t. 249
1
Diodorus between Ofymandu%s
places Uchoreus Diodor.
. 1 p. 32.
and Myris , that is between Amenophis and Ma-
ns, ana faith that he built Memphis, and fortified
it to admiration with a mighty rampart of
earth, and a broad and deep trench, which was
; fi

filledwith the water of the Nile, and made f f

there a vaft and deep Lake f6r receiving the

water of the Nile in the time of its overflowing,
and built palaces in the city ;
and chat this

.
place was fo commodioufly feated that mofl: of
the Kings who Reigned after him preferred it

before Thebes and removed the Court from

thence to this place, fo that the magnificence of
Thebes from that time began to decreafe, and
that of Memphis to increafe, ’till Alexander King
of Macedon built Alexandria. Thefe great works
of Uchoreus and thofe of Maris favour of one
and the fame genius, and were certainly done
by one and the fame King, diftinguifhed into
two by a corruption of the name as above for ;

this Lake of Uchoreus was certainly the fame with

that of Maris.
After the example of the two brick Pyramids
made by Moeris, the three next Kings, Cheops,
Cephren and Mycerinus built the three great Py-
ramids at Memphis and therefore Reigned in
j

that city. Cheops lhut up the Temples of the

Nomes, and prohibited the worfhip of the Gods
K k of
 t

Of the Empire
°f Egypt, designing no doubt to have been
worlhinped himfelf after death : he is called alio

Chembis, Chemmis, Chemnis , Phiops , Apathus, A-

pappus, Suphis, Saophis, Syphoas , Syphaojis , Soi-

phis, Syphuris , Anoiphis, Anoifis : he built the

biggeft of the three great Pyramids which ftand

together and his brother Cephren or Cerpheres
*,

built the fecond, and his fon Mycerinus founded

the third this laft King was celebrated for cle-
:

mency and juftice he iliut up the dead body

•,

of his daughter in a hollow ox, and caufed her

to be worfhipped daily with odours : he is cal-

led alfo Cheresy Cherinus, Bicheres, Mofcheres,

Mencheres . He died before the third Pyramid

was finiflied, and his fitter and fucceflor Nitocris

finifhed it.

Then Reigned Ajychis, who built the eaftera

portico of the Temple of Vulcan very fplendid-
ly, and among the fmall Pyramids a large Py-

ramid of brick, made of mud dug out of the

Lake of Morris and thefe are the Kings who
:

Reigned at Memphis, and (pent their time in

adorning that city, until the Ethiopians and the

AJJyrians and others revolted, and Egypt loft

all her dominion abroad, and became again
divided into feveral fmall Kingdoms.
O
ne of thole Kingdoms was I think at Menh
phis , under Gnepha&us, and his fon and fucceflor

Bocchoris ,
 ,

^tE G Y B Til fl.'l

Bocchoris. Africanus calls Bocchoris a Sake but
>

Sals at this time had other Kings : GnephaBus,

otherwile called Neochabis and Te-chnatis, curled
Menes for his luxury, and cauled the curie to
be entered in the Temple of Jupiter at Thebes
;

and therefore Reigned over Thebais ; and Boc-

choris lent in a wild bull upon the God Mnevis
which was worihipped at Heliopolis. Another of
thole Kingdoms was at Any(is, or Hanes, Ifa.
xxx. 4. under its King Anyjis or Amojis a •

third was at Sais, under Stephanathis, Nechepfos,

and Nechus and a fourth was at Tunis or Zoan,
•,

under Petubajles, Oforchon and Pfammis: and

Egypt being weakned by this divilion, was in-
vaded and conquered by the Ethiopians under
Sabacon who flew Bocchoris and Nechus, and
made Anyjis fly. The Olympiads began in the
Reign of Petubafes, and the /Era of Nabonajfar
in the z zd year of the Reign of Bocchoris, ac-
cording to Africanus and therefore the divifion
•,

of Egypt into many Kingdoms began before the

Olympiads, but not above the length of two
Kings Reigns before them.
. After the lludy of Affcronomy was let on foot
for the ule of navigation, and the Egyptians by
the Heliacal Rilings and Settings of the Stars
had determined the length of the Solar year of
365 days, and by other oblervations had fixed
K k th
252 Of the Empire
the Solftices,formed the fixt Star? info
arid
Allerifms, all which was done in the Reign of
Ammon , Sefac , Orus , and Meinmon it may be •

preilimed that they continued to obferve the

motions of: the Planets \
for they called them
after thenames of: their Gods and Nechepfos or ;

Nicepfos King of Sahr, by the afhftance of Pe~

tofris a Prieft: of Egypt, invented Aftrology,
grounding it upon the afpe£ts of the Planets,
and the qualities of the men and women to
whom they were dedicated and in the begin- :

ning of the Reign of Nabonaffar King of Baby-

lon, about which time the Ethiopians under Sa-

bacon invaded Egypt , thofe Egyptians who fled

from him to Babylon , carried thither the Egypti-

an year of 365 days, and the fludy of Aftro-
nomy and Aftrology, and founded the dEra of
Nabonajfar j
from the firft year of that
dating it

King’s Reign, which was the z id year of Boc-

choris as above, and beginning the year on the
fame day with the Egyptians tor the fake of their
k Diodor. calculations. So Diodorus k they fay that the
:
1. i. p. 51.
Chaldarans in Babylon, being Colonies of the E~
gyptians, became famous for Aftrology , harv\rg
learnt it from the Briefs of Egypt and •

Hefiams, who wrote an hiftory of Egypt,

1
Jofcph.
fpeaking of a difafter of the invaded Eg yptians,
<Ant. 1. 1 1

c. 4,
.
faith that the Briefs who furvhed this difafter,
V
taking
 of Egypt. c 253
takmmnith them the Sacra of Jupiter In^alius x cam&
toSennaar i# Babylonia. From the 15th year of
Afa, in which Zerah was beaten, and Menes or
Amenophis began his Reign, to the beginning of
the ALra of Nabonaffar, were 100 years; and
this
1 *,
of time allows
interval room for about! M

nine or ten Reigns of Kings, at about twenty

years to a Reign one with another and fo ma- ;

ny Reigns there were, according to the account

let down above out of Herodotus-, and therefore
that account,, as it is the oldeft,. and was re-

ceived by Herodotus from the Priefls of Thebes,

Memphis , and' Heliopolis , three principal cities of
Egypty agrees alfo with' the courfe of nature,
and leaves no room for the Reigns of the many
namelefs Kings which, we have omitted. Thefe
omitted Kings Reigned before Mceris y and by
conlecjuence at Thebes ;
for Moeris tranflated the
feat of the Empire from Thebes to Memphis :
they Reigned after Rameffes for Rameffes was ;

the fon and lucceflbr of Menes, who Reigned

next after the Gods. Now Menes built the body
of the Temple of Vulcan , Ramejfes the firft por-
tico, and Maris the fecond portico thereof; but
the Egyptians , for making their Gods and King-
dom' look ancient, have inferred between the
builders of the and fecond portico of this
firft .
|

Temple, three hundred and thirty Kings of \

Thebes; * ’

-nki 8
 Of the Empire
Thebes ,and fuppofed that thefe Kings Reioned
eleven thou (and years as any Temple could
;
it

Hand Co long. This being a manifed fiftion, we

have corrected it, by omitting thole interpofed
Kings, who
did nothing, and placing Mceris the
builder of the fecond portico, next after Rameffes
the builder of the fird.
In the Dynaflies of Manetho , Sevechus is

made of Sabacon, being his (on:

the fucceflor
and perhaps he is the Sethon of Herodotus, who
became Pried of Vulcan, and neglected military
dilcipline : for Sabacon is that So or Sua with
whom Hojhea King of IJrael conlpired againft
the Affyrians, in the fourth year of Hezekiah,
Anno Nabonajf. Z4. Herodotus tells us twice or
thrice, that Sabacon after a long Reign of fifty
years relinquiihed Egypt voluntarily, and that
Anyfis who fled from him, returned and Reigned
again in the lower Egypt after him, or rather
with him and that Sethon Reigned after Saba*
:

con and went to Pelufium againd the army of

Sennacherib and was relieved with a great mul-
,

titude of mice, which eat

the bow-drings of the
Afjyrians •
in memory of which the datue of
Set on, feen by Herodotus m was made with a
,
Mou e in its hand. A Moufe was the Egyptian
fymbol of defttuftion, and
the Moufe in the
hand of Sethon fignifies only
that he overcame
the
 oft Egypt. \0 -55
thp /ijfyrians with a great deftnuftion. The Scrip-
tures inform us, that when Sennacherib invaded
Judaa and befieged Lachijh and Libnah , which
was in the 1 4th year of Hezekiah, Anno Kabo -
3 4.
the King of Judah trufted upon Pha-
raoh King of Egypt, that is upon Sethon and ,

that Tirhakah King of Ethiopia came out alfo to

fight againft Sennacherib, z King, xviii. 21. 6c
xix. p.which makes it probable, that when ?

Sennacherib heard of the Kings of Egypt and

Ethiopia coming againft him, he went from Lib-
nah towards Pelujium to oppofe them, and was
there furprized and let upon in the night by
them both, and routed with as great a daughter
as if the bow-ftrings of the Affyrians had been

eaten by mice. Some think that the Affyrians

were fmitten by lightning, or by a fiery wind
which fometimes comes from the fbuthern
parts of Chaldaa. After this victory Tirhakah
•

fucceeding Sethon, carried his arms weftward

through Libya and Afric to the mouth of the
Straits', but Herodotus tells us, that the Priefts
of Egypt reckoned Sethon the laft King of
, who Reigned before the divifion of
-
into twelve contemporary Kingdoms, iokcmH
ki .3 i
and by conlequence before the invahon of
Egypt by the Affyrians. .

For
 Of the Empire
For Afferhadon King of Affyria, in the 6 8 tii
year of Nabonajfav, after he had Reigned about
thirty years over Affyria, invaded the Kingdom
of Babylon, and then carried into captivity
many people from Babylon, and Cuthah, and
Aua y and Hamath , and Sepharvaim, placing
them in the Regions of Samaria and Damafcus:
and from thence they carried into Babylonia
and Affyria the remainder of the people of
IJrael and Syria , which had been left there by
Tiglath-pilefer. This captivity was 65 years af-
ter the firft year of Ahaz, Ifa. vii. 1, 8. 6c
z King. xv. 37. 8c xvi. 5. and by conlequence
in the twentieth year of Manaffeh, Anno Uabo-
naff 69. and then Tartan was lent by Affer-
hadon with an army againft Ajhdod or Azothy a
town at time lubjedf to Judaea, z Chron.
that
xxvi. 6. and took it, Ifa. xx. 1 : and this poll
being lecured, the AJJyrians beat the Jews, and
captivated Manajfeb, and lubdued Judaea and :

in thele wars, Ifaiah was law’d alhnder by the

command of Manaffeh, for prophelying againft
him. Then the Affyrians invaded and lubdued
Bgypt and Ethiopia and .carried the Egyptians
y
and Ethiopians into captivity, and thereby put
an end to the Reign of the Ethiopians over
Egypt> Ifa- vii. 18. 8c viii. iz y 8c
7. 6c x. 1 1,
xix.
 of E G Y P T.
xiXt 2, 3 . Sc xx. 4* In this war the city
No-Ammon or Thebes, which had hitherto con-
tinued in a flouriihing condition, was miforably
wafted and led into captivity, as is deforibed
by Nahum, chap. iii. ver. 8, <>, 10 for Nahum
;

wrote after the laft invafion of Jud<ea by the

AJJyrians, chap. i. ver. 1 and therefore de-
5 j

forces this captivity as frefh in memory and :

this and other following invafions of Egypt

un-
der Nebuchadnezzar and Cambyfes put an end
,
to the glory of that city. Aferhadon Reigned
over the Egyptians and Ethiopians three years,
Ifa. xx. 3, 4. that is
his death, which until
was in the year of Nahonafar 8 1 , and there-
fore invaded Egypt, and put an end to
the
Reign of the Ethiopians over the Egyptians in
,
the year of Nahonafar 78 ; fo that the Ethio-
pians under Sabacon, and his fucceflors Sethon
and Ttrhakah y Reigned over Egypt about 80
years Herodotus allots j o years to Sabacon, and
:

Africanus fourteen years to Sethon, and eighteen

to Ttrhakah.
The of Egypt into more Kingdoms
divifion
than one, both before and after the Reign of
the Ethiopians, and the conqueft of the
Egyp-
tians by Aferhadon
, the pro ?het IJaiah n
foems ” ^
to allude unto in thefe 4 ’"
words: I 'will Cet, faith
L 1 he.
 , , :

258 Ofi the E&ipi&E

he, the Egyptians againjl the Egyptians, and
,
they pall fight every one againjl his brother and
every one againjl his neighbour, city againjl city,
ami Kingdom againjl Kingdom, and the Spirit of
Egypt pall fail.— And the Egyptians will I give
over into the hand of a cruel Lord [viz. Afferha-
dmi] and a fierce King pall Reign over them.—
Surely the Princes of Zoan [Tanis] are fools, the

counfel of the wife Councellors of

Pharaoh is he -
come brut ip how long fay ye Unto Pharaoh, *.I aw
'.

the fon of the ancient Kings . — The Princes of-

Zoan are be come- fools: the Princes of Noph

[Memphis] are deceived, — even they that were

the flay of the tribes thereof . — - In that day there

pall be a high-way out of Egypt into Aftyria,

and the Egyptianspall ferve the Affyrians.

After the death of Afferhadon , Egypt remain-
ed fabjedt to twelve contemporary Kings, who
revolted from the Affyrians and Reigned to-
gether fifteen years ;
including I think the
three years of Afferhadon becaufe the Egypti-
ans do not reckon him among their Kings.
«Herod. They 0 built the Labyrinth adjoining to the Lake
C I4 ^’
&c. of Morris, which was a very magnificent ftruc-
ture, with twelve Halls in it, for their Palaces
and then Pfammitichus , who was one of the
twelve, conquered all the reft. He built the
laft
 of Egypt. '

2 59
laft Portico of the Temple of Vulcan, founded
hyMenes about 2.60 years before, and Reign-
ed 4 years, including the fifteen years of his
y
Reign with the twelve Kings. Then Reigned
Nechaob or Nechusy Pfammis fix
1 7 years
years ;
Vaphres, Apries, Eraphius, or Hophra, 2 y
years ; Amajis 44 years ;
and Pfammenitus fix
- months, according to Herodotus. Egypt was
fubdued by Nebuchadnezzar in the lafi year
but one of Hophra, Anno Nabonajf. 1 7 8, and
remained in fubje&ion to Babylon forty years,
jer. xliv. 30. & Ezek. xxix.
12, 13, 14, iy t
19 - that is, Reign
almofi of Amajis a
all the ,

plebeian let over Egypt by the conqueror -:

the forty years ended with the death of Cyrus

;

for he Reigned over Egypt and Ethiopia accord-

,

ing to Xenophon. At that time therefore thole

nations recovered but after four
their liberty ;

or five years more they were invaded and con-

quered by Cambyfes, Anno Nabonajf. 223 or
224, and have almofi; ever fince remained in
firvitude, as was predicted by the Prophets.
The Reigns of Pfammitichus, Nechus, Pfammis,
Apries, Amajis, and Pfammenitus3 fit down by
Herodotus, amount unto
46^ years: and fo 1

many years there were from the 78 th year of

Nabonajfar, in which the dominion of the Ethi-
L 1 2 opians

7
 s , , , , ,;

260 Of' the 3E'm p i r e

optans over Egypt came to an end, unto the
2 1 4th year which Cambyfes
of Nabonafldr, in

invaded Egypt and put an end to that King-

dom which is an argument that Herodotus was
:

circumfpect and faithful in his narrations, and

has given us a good account of the antiquities
of Egypt , fo far as the Priefts of Egypt at
Thebes, Memphis and Heliopolis, and the Carians

and Ionian inhabiting Egypt were then able

to inform he confulted them all and
him : for •,

the Cares and Ionians had been in Egypt from

the time of the Reign of the twelve contem-
porary Kings.
p piin.i. 36. Pliny p
tells us, that the Egyptian Obelisks were
c s> 9 '
'

of a fortone dug near Syene in Thebais,

of ft

and that the firft Obelisk was made by Mitres,

who Reigned in Heliopolis ; that is, by Mephres
the predeceftor of Mifphragmuthojis and that ;

afterwards other Kings made others Sochis :

that is Sefochis or Sefac, four, each of 48

cubits in length Ramifes, that is Ramejfes two
;
,

Smarres , that of 48
is m
Maris, one cubits

length; Eraphius, or Hophra, one of 48; and

Ne&abis, or NeHenabis one of 80. Mephres
therefore extended his dominion over all the
upper Egypt, from Syene to Heliopolis, and af-
ter him, Mifphragmuthojis and Amofis, Reigned
'

1
 :,

H % of G Y\ P T.
Ammon and Sefac, who erected the firft great
Empire in the world: and thefe four, Amofis,
Ammon, Sefac, and Orus, Reigned in the four
ages of the great Gods of Egypt-, and Ame-
nophis was the Menes who Reigned next after
them he was fucceeded by Ramefes, and
:
Ma-
ris, and fonie time after by Hopbra.
Diodorus q
fame Kings of Egypt with
recites the
Herodotus , butin a more confuted order, and
repeats fome of them twice, or oftener,
under
various names, and omits others his Kings :

are thefe Jupitex Ammon and Juno, Ofiris

;

and IJis, Horns, Menes, Bujiris I, Bujiris

II,
Ofymanduas, Vchoreus, Myris Sefoojis I,
, Sefoo-
fis II, Amafis, Attifanes, Mendes or Manus ,
Proteus , Remphis, Chembis, Cephren,
Mycerinus
or Gnepha&hus, Bocchoris, Sabacon
Cherinus,
twelve contemporary Kings, Pfammitichus,
**
Here I take Sefoojis I, and 5V-
'S<Pfc u > Bufiris I, and Bujiris II, to be the
fame Kings with Ofiris and : alfo Ofyman- Ow
duas to be the fame with Amenophis
or Menes
alfo Amafis, and AZHfanes an Ethiopian who
,
conquered him, to be the fame with
Anyfis
and Sabacon in Herodotus: and
Uchoreus, Men-
des, Manus, and
Myris, to be only feveral
names of one and the fame
King. Whence the
'
' v‘ v • 8 cata-
a6 a \mm Of the Empire
catalogue of Diodorus will be reduced to this :

‘Jupiter Ammon and Juno ;

Ojiris , Bujtris or
Sefoojis, and Ifis ;
Homs, Bujtris II, or Sefoo-

fs II J
Meries, or Ofymanduas Proteus ;
Remphis
or Raffle ffes , Uchoreas, Mendes, Marrus, or

Myris Chemhis or Cheops, Cephren ;

Myceri-
,

1114
s- * * Gnepha&hus-, Bocchoris-, Amajis, or
Anyjis-, Attifanes, or Sahacon ;
* twelve con-
temporary Kings-, Pfammitichas \
* * Apries ;

Amajis: to which, if in their proper places

you add Nitocris, Afychis, Sethon , Nechus, and

Pfammis, you will have the catalogue of Hero-

'

,v
dotus. h o;tw

Dynafties of Manetho and Eratofhenes

The
fecm to be filled with many fuch names of
Kings as Herodotus omitted when it fliall be :

made appear any of them Reigned in

that
Egypt after the expulfion of the Shepherds, and
were different from the Kings defcribed above,
they may be inferted in their proper places.
Egypt was conquered by the Ethiopians under
Sahacon, about the beginning of the JEra of
NahonaJJar, or perhaps three or four years be-
fore, about three hundred years before
that is,

Herodotus wrote his hiftory and about eighty j

years after that conqueft, it was conquered

again by the Affyrians under Ajferhadon : and
the
 , ^

of iE g y p t. \0 \M.i
the rhiftory of Egypt fet down by Herodotus
from the time of this laft conqueft, is right
;

both Mas to the number, and order, and names

of the Kings, and as to the length of their
Reigns : ,and therein he is now followed by
hiftorians, being the only author who hath
given us fo good a hiltory of Egypt, for
that interval of time. If his hillory of
the earlier times be lefs accurate, it was becaufe

the archives of Egypt had buffered much dur-

ing the Reign of the Ethiopians and AJJyrians:
and it is not likely that the Priefts of Egypt
who lived two or three hundred years after
the days of Herodotus, could mend the mat-
ter: on the contrary, after Camhyfes had carried
away the records of Egypt, the Priefts were
daily feigning new Kings, to make their Gods
and nation look ancient as is manifeft by ;

comparing Herodotus with Diodorus Siculus, and

both of them with what Plato relates out of
the Poem of Solon: which Poem makes the
wars of the great Gods of Egypt againft the
Greeks, to have been in the days of Cecrops,
Erechtheus and Erichthonius and a little before
thole of Thefeus ;
thele Gods at that time infti-
tuting Temples and Sacred Rites to them-
felves. I have therefore chofen to rely up-
264 '
Of the Empire, &c.'
On the (lories related to Herodotus by the Pricfls
of Egypt in thofe days, and corre&ed by the
Poem of Solon, (b as to make thefe Gods of
Egypt no older than Cecrops and Erechtheus,
ana their fucceffor Menes no older than Thefeus
and Memnon, and the Temple of Vulcan not
above z 8 o years in building rather than to
:

correct Herodotus by Manetho, Eratojlhenes, Dio-

dorus, and others, who lived after the Priefts of
Egypt had corrupted their Antiquities much
more than they had done in the days of Hero-
-
'
dotus. to t

CHAP.
* * *

•'V., -
 26?

: C H A P. III.
0

•
Of the Assyrian Empire .

J *
H & C'F '

-
v% -
"
* *

A
Damafcus, have been made
S the Gods or ancient Deified Kings and
Princes of Greece, Egypt, and Symz of
much ancienter than
the truth, fo have thofe of Chaldeea and Afyria :

a
for Diodorus tells us, that when Alexander the 1
Diodor.
1 z‘ p ' 8s '
* great was in Afia, the Chaldaans reckoned
47 j oo o years fince they firft began to obferve
the and the ancient Greek
Stars j
and Ctejias,
and Latin writers who copy from him, have
made the Afyrian Empire as old as Noah’s flood
within 6 o or 70 years, and tell us the names of
all the Kings of Afyria downwards, from
Belus
and his feigned (on Minus, to Sardanapalus the
daft King of that Monarchy but the names :

of his Kings, except two or three, have no affi-

nity with the names of the AJjyrians
mentioned
in Scripture for the AJjyrians were
; ufually
named after their Gods, Bel or Pul ; Chaddon,
Hadon, Adon, or Adonis Melech or Moloch -
;

Atfur or Afur, Neho j

Nergal Merodach : as in
•

thefe names. Pul, Tiglath-Pul-Afur , Salman-

Mm Ajfur]
 y

Of the Assyrian Empire.

Ajfur y Adra-Melech , Shar-AJfur , AJfur-Hadon,
Sardanapalus or Affur-Hadon -Pul, Nabonajfar or
Nebo-Adon-Affhr , Bel Adon> Chiniladon or Chen-
El-Adon, Nebo-Pul-Affur , Nebo-Chaddon-AJfur,
• Nebuzaradon or Nebo-Affur-Adon , Nergal-Affur,
Nergal-Shar-Ajfur , Labo-Ajfur-dach, Shefeb-Affury
Beltes-Affur, Evil-Merodach, Shamgar-Nebo, Rah
faris or Rab-Affury Nebo-Shajhban, Mardocem-
pad or Merodach-Empad. Such were the Ajjyrian
names but thofe in Ctefias are of another fort,
*

except Sardanapalus whole name he had met

with in Herodotus. He makes Semiramis as old as
the firft Belus ;
but Herodotus tells us, that Hie:
was but five Generations older than the mother
of Labynetus he reprefen ts that the city Ninus
:

was founded by a man of the fame name, and

Babylon by Semiramis whereas either Nimrod or
j

AJffur founded thofe and other cities, without giving

his own name to any of them he makes the :

Ajjyrian Empire continue about 1 6 o years,

3
whereas Herodotus tells us that it lafted only 500.
years, and the numbers of Herodotus concerning
thofe ancient times are all of them too long he :

makes Nineveh deftroyed by the Medes and Ba-

bylonians, three hundred
years before the Reign
of Ajlibares and Nebuchadnezzar who deftroyed
it, and lets down the
names of feven or ei^ht
feigned Kings of Media, between
the deftru&fon
•
-'V
'

of
 Of the Assyrian Empire .

of Nineveh and the Reigns of Ajlibares and

Nebuchadnezzar, as if the Empire of the' Medes,
cre&ed upon the ruins of the Affyrian Empire,
had lafted 300 years, whereas it lafted but 71 :
and the true Empire of the AJfyrians defcribed
in Scripture, whole Kings were Pul, Tiglath-pi-
lefar, Shalmanefer, Sennacherib, Ajferhadon &c.
,

he mentions not, tho’* much nearer to his own

times which (hews that he was ignorant of the
;

antiquities of the Yet lomething of

Ajfyrtans.
truth there is in the bottom of fome of his
ftories, as there ufes to be in Romances ;
as, that
Nineveh was deftroyed by the Medes and Baby-
lonians .that Sardanapalus was the laft Kino-
; of
the Ajfyrian Empire; and that Ajlibares and
Ajlyages were Kings of the Medes but he has :

made all things too ancient, and out of vain-

glory taken too great a liberty in feigning names
and ftories to pleale his reader.

When the Jews were newly returned from

the Babylonian captivity, they confeffed their
Sins in this manner, Now therefore our God '

let not all the trouble feem

little before thee that

hath come upon us, on our Kings on our Princes,

, and
on our Priejls, and on our Prophets, and on our
fa-
thers, and on all thy people Jince the time of the
,

Kings of Aflyria, unto this day Nehem. ix. 2.

3
ihat is, fince the time of the Kingdom of Af-
Mm 2 jyria.
 b
Of the Assyrian Empire.
j)ria, or fmce the
of that Empire; and
rife

therefore the Affyrian Empire arofe when

the
Kings of Affyria began to afflid the inhabitants
of Palejline ; which was in the days of Pul
:

he and his fucceffors afflided Ifrael, and con-

quered the nations round about them and up- ;

on the ruin of many fmall and ancient King-

doms ereded their Empire, conquering the
Medes as well as other nations: but of thele
conquefts Ctejias knew not a word, no not lo
much names of the conquerors, or that
as the
there was an Affyrian Empire then handing;
for he fuppofes that the Medes Reigned at that
time, and that the AJJyrian Empire was at an
end above 250 years before it began.
However we muff allow that Nimrod found-
ed a Kingdom at Babylon, and perhaps extend-
ed it into Affyria: but
this Kingdom was but
of fmall extent, if compared with the Empires
which role up afterwards; being only within
the fertile plains of Chaldea, Qhalomtis and
Af
fyyia, watered by the Tigris and Euphrates and :

if it had been
greater, yet it was but of lliort
continuance, it being the
cuflom in thole early
ages or. every father
to divide his territories
amonglt his Tons. So Noah
was Kina; of all the
wor 5 and Cham was King
of all Afric, and
jap act o all Europe and
Afia minor ;
but they
•
left
 ,

Of'the A $ s y r i an Empire .

left no Handing Kingdoms. After the days of Nim-

rod, we hear no more of mAJJyrian Empire ’till
the days of Pul. The four Kings who in the days
of Abraham invaded the fouthern coaft of Canaan
came from the countries where Nimrod had Reign-
ed, and perhaps were fome of his pofterity who
had fliared his conquefts. In the time of the
Jiidges of Ijrael, Mesopotamia was under its own
King, Judg. iii. 8. and the King of Zohab Reign-
ed on both (ides of the River Euphrates ’till
David conquered him, z Sam. viii, and x. The
Kingdoms of Ijrael, Moab, Ammon, Edom, Phi-
liftia y Zidon, Damafcus, and Hamath the great,
continued fubje£t to other Lords than the Ajjy-
rians y ’till the days of Pul and his {iicceffors and ;

lo did the houfe of Eden, Amos i. 5. z Kings

xix. 1 z. and Haran or Carrha Gen. xii. z Kings
y

xix. i z. and Sephamaim in Mefopotamia and

Calneh near Bagdad, Gen. x. 1 o, Ifa. x. 9, z Kings
xvii. 31. Sefac and Memnon were conque-
great
rors, and Reigned over Chaldaa , Affyria, and
Perjia, but in their hiftories there is not a word
of any oppofition made to them by an Affyrian
Empire then {landing on the contrary, Sujiana
:
,
Media, Perjia, Ba&ria, Armenia, Cappadocia, dec.
were conquered by them, and continued iub-
je£t to the Kings of Egypt ’till after the long
Reign of Rameffes the (on of Memnon as above,
,
^
Hornet
 ,

Of the Ass y r i *
tfipirc.
Homy mentions Bacchus a-i Memnon Kings of
Bgypt and Perjia, but knew nothing of an
Af
fyrian Empire. Jonah prophefied when Ifraelwas
in affliction under the King of Syrian and this
was in the latter part of the Reign of Jehoahaz
,
and firft part of the Reign of Joajh, Kings of
Ifra el, and l think in the Reign of Mrnris the
fucceffor ot Ramejfes King of Egypt, and about
fixty years before the Reign of Pul-, and Nine-
veh was then a city of large extent, but full of
paftures for cattle, fo that it contained but about
120000 perfons. It was not yet grown fo great
and potent as not to be terrified at the preach-
ing of Jonah and to fear being invaded by its
neighbours and ruined within forty days it :

had fbme time before got free from the domi-

nion of Egypt, and had got a King of its
own but its King was not yet called King of
Ajfyria, but only King of Nineveh Jonah iii.
,
c, 7 and his proclamation for a fall: was not
.

publifhed in feverai nations, nor in all Ajfyria,

but only in Nineveh and perhaps in the villages
,
thereof but foon after, when the dominion of
;

Nineveh was eftablifhed at

home, and exalted
over all Ajfyria properly
fb called, and this King-
dom began to make war upon the neighbouring
nations, its Kings were no
longer called Kings of
Nmeveh, but began to be called
Kings of Ajfyria-.
Amos
 Of the Assyrian Empire. 271
Amos prophefied in the Reign of Jeroboam
the fon cHf Joajh King of Ifrael, foon after
Je-
roboam had fubdued the Kingdoms of Varnafeus
and Hamath, that is, about ten or twenty years
b
before the Reign of Pul: and he thus reproves b
AmosvL
Ifrael for being lifted up by thofo conqueffs ;
H-
Te which rejoyce in a thing of nought which
, fay 3
have we not taken to us horns by our Jlrength ?
But behold I will raife up againjlyou a nation, 0 houfe
of Ifrael, faith the Lord the God of Hofst and they
Jhall aJfiB you from the entring in of Hamath unto
the river of the wildernefs. God here threatens to>
raifoup a nation againil Ifrael ; but what nation
he names not that he conceals ’till the Ajfyri-
;

ans ihould appear and difoover it. In the prophe-

ts of Ifaiahy Jeremiah , Ezekiel , Hofea, Micah ,
Nahum, Zephaniah and Zechariah, which were writ-
ten after the Monarchy grew up, it is openly
named upon all occafions but in this of Amos ;

not once, tho’ the captivity of Ifrael and Syria

be the fubjed of the prophefy, and that of
If
rael be often threatned he only faith in gene-
: .

ral that Syria Ihould go into captivity unto Kir>

and that Ifrael, notwithftanding her prefont
greatneis, ihould go into captivity
beyond Vamaf-
cus and that God' would raife up a nation to
;

afflid them meaning that he would raifo up

:

above them from a, lower condition, a nation

4 whom
 -

Of the Assyrian Empire.

whom they yet feared not : for fo the Heirtvs
word fignifies when applied to men, as in
Amos v. 2. i Sam. xii. 1 1. Pfal. cxiii, 7. Jer)x,
20. 1. 32. Hab. i. 6. Zech. xi. 16. As A-
mos names not the Affyrians ;
at the writing
of prophecy they made no great
this figure in
the world, but were to be raifed up againft
Ifrael,and by confequence role up in the days
of Pul and his fuccefiors : for after Jeroboam had
conquered Damafcus and Hamath , his fuccefTor
Menahem deftroyed Tiphfah with its territories up-
on Euphrates , becaufe they opened not to him :

and therefore Ifrael continued in its greatnefs

’till Pul, probably grown formidable by fome
victories, caufed Menahem to buy his peace.
Pul therefore Reigning prelently -after the pro-
phefy of Amosy and being the firft: upon record
who began to fulfill it, may be juftly reckoned
the firft conqueror and founder of this Empire.
For God ftirred up the fpiri't of Pul, and the fpi
rit of Tiglath-pilefer King of Aftyria, 1 Chron.
v. 20.
The fame Prophet Amos, in prophefying a -
gainft Ifrael, threatned them in this manner,
with what had lately befallen other Kingdoms:
c
Pafs ye3 faith he, unto Calneh and fee, andfrom
thence go • ye to Hamath the great, then go
down to Gath of the Philiftims. Be they better
8 than
 Of the Assyrian Empire. 275
than theft Kingdoms? Thefc Kingdoms were
not yet conquered by the Affyrians, except that
of Calneh or Chalonitis upon Tigris,between
Babylon and Nineveh. Gath was newly van-
d
quiflicd by Uzziah King of Judah, and Ha- <1
2 Chron.

math ' by Jeroboam King of Ifrael: and while

-the Prophet, in threatning Ifrael with the Ajfy- xir. if'
rians, inftances in deflations made by other
nations, and mentions no other conqueft of
the Ajfy rians than that of Chalonitis near Nine-
veh-, it argues that the King of Nineveh was
now beginning his conquefts, and had not yet
made any great progrels in that vaft career of
vi&ories, which we read of a few years after.
For about (even years after the captivity of
the ten Tribes, when Sennacherib warred in
Syria, which was in the Olympiad, he
16th.
f
lent this meflage to the King of Judah Be- f 2 King.

hold, thou hafi heard what the Kings of AfTyria

:

m ”
have done to all Lands by defraying them utterly,
and Jhalt thou be delivered ? Have the Gods of the
nations delivered them which the Gods of my fathers
have defroyed, as Gozan and Haran and Releph,
and the children of Eden which were in [the
Kingdom of] T helafir ? Where is the King of
Hamath, and of Arpad, and the King
the King
-of the city of Sepharvaim, and of Hena and
Ivah ? And Ifaiah s
thus introduced! the King of gifa . x 5 .

N n Afjyria
 ,

a74 Qf f ^e Assyrian Empire.

Affyria boafting Are not my Princes altogether
:

as Kings ? Is not Calno [or Calneb] as Carche-

mifli } Is not Hamath as Arpad ? Is not Samaria
as Damafcus ? As my hand hath found the King-
doms of the Idols , and <whofe graven Images did ex-
cel them of Jerufalem and of Samaria Jhatt I not ;

as I have done unto Samaria and her Idols, fo do to

Jerufalem and her Idols ? All this defolation is re-

recited as frefli in memory to terrify the Jews,

and thefe Kingdoms reach to the borders of Affy-
ria, and to ihew the of the conquers
largenefs
they are called all lands, that is, all round about
Affyria It was the cuftom of the Kings of Afi-

na, for preventing the rebellion of people newly

conquered, to captivate and tranfplant thole of
feveral countries into one another’s lands, and:
intermix them varioufly and thence it appears
:

m Chron. h
that Halah, and Hahor, and Hara, and Gozan,
2 King. xvi. and the cities of the Medes into which Galilee
1

a4 &.
’
and Samaria were tranfplanted and Kir into- ;

Ezra iv. 9. which Damafcus was tranfplanted and Babylon, ;

and Cuth or the Sufanchites, and Hamath and

Ava, and Sepharvaim, and the Dinaites, and the
Apharfachites, and the Tarpelites, and the Ar-

0 .
chevites, and the Dehavites, and the Elamites,
or Perfians, part of all which nations were led.
captive by Afferhadon and his predeceffors into
Samaria were all of them conquered by the
\

AJJyriafis not long before. In

 Of the Assyrian Empire. 275
In thefe conquefts are involved on the weft
and fouth of Affyria, the Kingdoms of
fide
Mefopotamia, whole royal feats were Haran or
Carrha, and Carchemijh or Circutium, and Sephar-
vaim, a city upon Euphrates, between Babylon
'

and Nineveh, called Sippara by Berofus, Abyde-

nus, and Polyhijlor, and Sipphara by Ptolomy ;

and the Kingdoms of Syria feated at Samaria ,

.

Damafcus, Gath, Hamath, Arpad and Refeph,

,

a city placed by Ptolomy near Thapfacus: on the

fouth fide and fouth- eaft fide were Babylon and
Calneh, or Calno, a city which was founded by
Nimrod, where Bagdad now ftands, and gave
the name of Chalonitis to a large region
under
its governmentand Thelafar or Talatha, a city
j

of the children of Eden, placed by Ptolomy in

Babylonia, upon the common ftream of Tigris
and Euphrates, which was therefore the river
of Paradife ; and the Archevites at Areca or /
•

A ' i

/ A & •/
Erech, a city built by Nimrod on the eaft fide A
of Paptigris, between Apamia and the Perpan 1 C -1

Gulph } and the Sufanchites at Cuth, or Suja,

the metropolis of Supana: on the eaft were
Elymais, and fome cities of the Medes, and Kir,
\ a city and large region of Media between Ely- i
, Ifa. xxii, 6,

Mais and Ajfyria, called Kirene by the Chaldee

Paraphraft and Latin Interpreter, and Carine
by Ptolomy :on the north-eaft were Habor or
n 2 N i Chaboras,
 :

Of the Assyrian EmpireW .

mountainous region between

Chxboras, a
rta
and Media and the ApharfachitiSy or nieri•

Anapachitifp^L ^region ty originally peopled 1

Arphaxad, and placed by Ptolomy at the bottom

of the mountains next Ajjyria : and on the
' north between Ajjyria and the Gordiesan moun-
tains was Halah or Chalach , the metropolis of
CaJachene and beyond thele upon the* Cafpian
lea was Gozan, called Gauzania by Ptolomy.
Thus did thele new conquefts extend every way
from the province of Ajjyria to confiderableJOB
diftances, and make up the great body of that
Monarchy la that well might the King of
:
.

Ajjyria boaft how his armies had deftroyed all

an£^ s k L/lifc

30,
^ * All thele nations had- now their
’till

3*-
^ xv j“- feveral Gods, and each accounted his God the
33 * 34 3f-
2 Chron.
>
God of his own land, and the defender there-
xxxii. if.
°fj again!! the Gods of the neighbouring
countries, and particularly againft the Gods of
Ajjyria and therefore
were never ’till they
now united under the Ajjyrian Monarchy, ef
pecially lince the King of Ajjyria
doth not
boaft of their being conquered
by the Ajfy-
rians oftner than once:
but thefe being fmall
Kingdoms the King of Ajjyria ealily overflow-
1
2 Chron. ed them Know ye not , 1
to :
:
lxxii fZiich Sennacherib
‘ {
S
the Jews, what I and my fathers have done unto
«U the people of other laid!?.
i
:
-- Jfor no ,

J
V * o- X*** <

any
 , :

Of$ the <Assyrian Empire . 2 77

any nation or kingdom was able to deliver his peo-
ple ol(t of mine hand, <3 nd out of the hand of my
,

fathers : how much lejs Jhallyour God deliver you out

of mine hand ? He and his fathers therefore. Pul,
Tiglath-pileferand Shalmanefer, were great con-
querors, and with a current of victories had
newly overflowed all nations round about Af-
fyria, and thereby let up this Monarchy.
Between the Reigns of Jeroboam II, and his
fon Zachariah, there was an interregnum of
or twelve years in the Kingdom of
Ifiael: and the prophet Hofea ra
in the time "Hofea-A
of that interregnum, & £ 6‘'
or foon after, mentions
the King of
AJfyria by the name of Jareb,
and another conqueror by the name of Shalman %ni5i 1 *
\ iivK
and perhaps Shalman might be the firfl part of iiWx3& .1 rr>

the name of Shalmanefer, and Iareb, or Irib

,
U 4c it £ r>
.

for may be. read both

it ways, the lafb part of .rxf;

the name of his fucceflor Sennacherib : but who-

ever thefe Princes were,
appears not that
it

they Reigned before Shalmanefer. Pul, or Be lus,

feems to be the firfl who carried on his con-
quefls beyond the province of
AJfyria he con-
quered Calneh with its territories in the Reign,
of Jeroboam, Amos i. 1/ vi. z. & '

Ifa. x.
8, 5.. and invaded Ifrael in the Reign of Me- fi >TfO SL

nahem, z King. xv. 19. but flayed not in « V. V

the.
land, being bought off by Menahem. for a thou-
4. lands
 : :

Of /^Assyrian Empire.
fand talents of filver : in Reign therefore
his

the Kingdom of Affyria was advanced on this

fide Tigris he was a great warrior, and
for

feems to have conquered Haran , and Carchemijh,

and R efeph, and Calneh, and Thelafar, and might
found or enlarge the city of Babylon, and build
'

the old palace.

Herodotus one of the gates of
tells us, that
n Herod. Babylon was" called the gate of Semiramis y and
1 . iii. c. 1 55 *

that fhe adorned the walls of the city, and

0
° Herod, l.i. the Temple of Belus , and that fhe was five
c i8 4
Generations older than Nitocris the mother of
-
-

Labynitus , or Nabonnedus, the lafl King of Ba-

bylon and therefore fhe flourifhed four Gene-
y

rations, or about 134 years, before Nebuchad-

nezzar , and by confequence in the Reign of
Tiglath-pilefer the fucceflor of Pul and the fol- :

lowers of Ctejias tell us, that fhe built Babylon 3

and was the widow of the fon and fucceffor
V of Belus, the founder of the Ajjyrian Empire;
that is, the widow of one of the fons of Pul
r Berof. but p
Berofus a Chaldeean blames the Greeks for
contr?Ap- afcribing the buildingof Babylon to Semiramis ;

pion. 1. 1.
and other authors afcribe the building of this
.city to Belus himfelf, that is to Pul: fo Curtius
' <** ^ 1- q tells us Semiramis Babylonem condiderat, *vel
;
c
•
« ut flerique credidere Belus , cujus regia ojlenditur :

and Abydenusy who had his hiftory from the

' ‘
'
, ancient
 : , :

Of the Assyrian Empire .

279
ancient monuments of the Chaldaans, writes,
l d
'
Atyerca B«/\ov BafivKoova wt&fiftTwv'
£^ Pra c
7zJ* xpovco Q TW IKViVfJLWCd CtCxm^lwcLl- Tei^itTOLt l -
9 -
-
41 -

0 dvfhg NotjS^oJWcrogov, to MaxsJV-

Vicov cLb’/Yis d’ictfjLeivou/ hov xctXK07fvXov. ’Tis re-
ported that Belus compared Babylon.'iwY/’ a wall,
which in time was abolijhed and that Nebuchad-
:

nezzar afterwards huilt a new wall with brazen

*

gates, which flood of the Macedonian

*
y
the time
... . .

’ till
f r
Doroth.
Empire and Co Dorotheas an ancient Poet of apud Julium
Sidon j
Firmicum.

Agxm BaflvTeoi/, Tv$(x B»A oio 7roA«rpicL.

The ancient city Babylon built by the Tyrian Belus *,

T\
V-k >.4 «v %
»
»c
yf Ji
i*i AV *
f
**-
- •

4
j
**
j , ,

That is, by the Syrian or Ajfyrian Belus $

the words Tyrian, Syrian and Ajfyrian, being
anciently uled promifououfly for one another
1
Herennius tells us, that it was built by
the fon . Heren.
of Belus j and this fon might be Nabonafar. pud Steph -
?
B ^’
After the conqueft of Calneh, Thelafar
, and Sip-
par#, Belus might feize Chaldaa, and
begin to
build Babylon,and leave it to his younger fon
:
for all the Kings of Babylon
in the Canon of
Ptolomy are called Affyrians, and
Nabonafar is
t e hrft of them ; and.
Nebuchadnezzar u reck- - Abyden.
oned nimielf defoended from Belus, ud Eufcbi
that is ?/
from the Afyrian Pul: and
the building
7 1

irm >fui
 :

Of the Assyrian Empire.

x
A Babylon is afcribed to the Ajfyrians by Ifaiah ;

Behold, faith he, the land of the Chaldeans

TBs people was not ’ till the A (Tyrian founded it for
them that dwell in the wildernefs, [that is, for
the Arabians.] They fet up the towers thereof they
raifed up the palaces thereof. From all this.it

deems therefore that Pul founded the walls and

the palaces of Babylon, and left the city with
the province of Chaldaa to his younger Ton Na-
bonaffar and that Nabonajfar finiflied what his
;
'

father began, and ere&ed the Temple of

ter Belus to his father and that Semiramis lived :

in thofe days, and was the Queen of Nabonaf-

far , becaufe one of the gates of Babylon was
called the sate of Semiramis, as Herodotus af-
-e O ;
! ... v ;:
'

firms : continued to Reign

but whether (lie

there after her husband’s death may be doubted.

Pul therefore was fucceeded at Nineveh by
his elder (on Tiglath-pilefer, at the fame time that
he left Babylon to his younger fon Nabonajfar.
Tiglath-pilefer, the fecond King of Affyria, warred
in Phoenicia, and captivated Galilee with
two Tribes and an half in the days of Pekah
King of Ifrael, and placed them in Halah, and
Habor, and Hara and at the river Goxan, places
,

lying on the weftern borders of Media, between

AJJyria and the Cafpian fea, z King. xv. z <?, &c
i Chron. v. z6. and about the fifth or fixth

T» - ' ",
year
*
1Si
,

45
L IT*.
 , , 1

k , • ^ . r •*
^ ^ ^ fA rnv

Of the Assyrian Emp're, a8

year of Nabonaffar, he came to the afliftance of
the King of Judah again ft’ the Kings of ifrael
and Syria,and overthrew the Kingdom of Sy-
via, which had been feated at Damafcus ever
fince the days of King David, and
carried a-
way the Syrians to* Kir in Media, as Amos
had
prophefied, and placed other nations in the
re-
gions of Damafcus, z King. xv. 7, 6c xvi. 3

5> Amos i. 5. Jofeph. Antiq. \. 9. c. 15.

whence it feems that the Medes were conquer-
ed before, and that the Empire of the Ajjyrians
was now grown great: for the God of Ifrael
fined up the fpirit of Pui King
of Aflyria, and
the fpirit of Tiglath-pilefer King
of Aflyria to
make war, 1 Chron. v. 2. 6 .

Shalmanefer or Salmanajfer called Enemejfar by

y
Tohit, invaded all Phoenicia, took the city of Sa- , To bft.
maria, and captivated Ifrael, and placed
Chalach and Chabor, by the river Gozan,
them in f AnnaI
l -

and ifl Jofeph. Ant

the cities of the Medes ; and Hofea z feems
to f
° Ca X
fay that he took Arhela
and his fucceflor Sen- : 14-

nacherib (aid that his fathers had

conquered al-
fo Gozan and Earan or Carrhce, and Refeph or
Refen, and the children of Eden, and
Arpad or
tne Aradii, z King. xix. 1 z.
Sennacherib of Shalmanefer in the
the fon
1 4th year of Hezekiah invaded Phoenicia, and
took feveral cities of Judah, and
attempted
0 Egypt j
 ,

282 Of the Assyrian Empire .

Egypt and Sethon or Sevechus King of Egypt,

and Tirhakah King of Ethiopia coming againft
him, he loft in one night 185000 men, as
fome (ay by a plague, or perhaps by lightning,
or a fiery wind which blows fometimes in the
neighbouring deferts, or rather by being fur-
prifed by Sethon and Tirhakah for the Egypti- :

ans in memory of this action ere&ed a ftatue

to Sethon holding in his hand a moufe, the
Egyptian fymbol of deftrutftion. Upon this

defeat Sennacherib returned in hafte to Nineveh,

* T obit. i. and a
his Kingdom became troubled, fo that
s'
Tohit not go into Media, the Medes I
could
think at this time revolting and he was foon :

after flain by two of his fbns who fled into

Armenia, and his {on Ajferhadon fucceeded him.

At that time did Merodach Baladan or Mardocem-
pad King of Babylon fend an embafly to Heze -
kiah King of Judah,
b
T< Ajperhadon, called Sarchedon by Tohit, Afor-
2i ?Kin'
six. 37.
^ dan by the LXX, and Ajjaradin in Ptolomy’s-
Ptoi. canon.
Canon, began his Reign at Nineveh, in the year
of Nabonajfar 4 z and in the year 6 8 extend-
•

ed it over Babylon then he carried the

:
remain-
der of the Samaritans into captivity,
and peo-
pled Samaria with captives brought
from feve-
ral parts of his Kingdom, the Binaites, the A-
pharfachites, the Tarpelites, the Apharjites, the
Arche-
 , , , , ,

Of the Assyrian Empire .

Archevites, the Babylonians the Sufanchites, the

Vehavites, the Elamites, Ezra iv. 2, and
therefore he Reigned over nations. Pe~
all thete

hah and Rezin Kings of Samaria and Damafcus,

invaded Judeea in the firft year of Ahaz, and
within 6 5 years after, that is in the 2 1 ft year
of Manaffeh, Anno Nabonajf. 69, Samaria by
be a people, Ifa. vii. 8.
this captivity ceated to

Then Afferhadon invaded Judaa took Azoth, car-

ried Manaffeh captive to Babylon, and c capti- • ifa xx
. . x,

vated alio Egypt, Thebais and Ethiopia above 3’ 4 '

Thebais : and by
this war he leems to have put
an end to the Reign of the Ethiopians over
Egypt in the year of Nabonaffar or 78. 77
In the Reign of Sennacherib and Afferhadon
the Affyrian Empire teems arrived at its great-
ncfs, being united under one Monarch, and
containing Affyria, Media, ApoHoniatis
, Sufiana
Chddaa, Mesopotamia, Cilicia, Syria, Phoenicia,
Egypt, Ethiopia, and part of Arabia, and reach-
ing eaftward into Elymais, and Paratacene, a
province of the Medes and if Chalach and Cha-
:

hor be Colchis and Iberia, as fome think,

and as
may teem probable from the circumcifton
uted
by thofe nations ’till the days of Herodotus
, we
are alfo to add thefe two
Provinces, with the
two Armenia s, Pontus and Cappadocia, as
far as
to the river Halys : for
A
Herodotus tells us, that d
Herod
O02 1
1

Mvit c ' & l!

7*
the c. 63.
 :

2$4 Of the Assyrian Empirel ^

the people of Cappadocia as fir as to
that river
were called Syrians by the Greeks both
, before'
and after the days of Cyrus , and that the Ajjy±
rians were by the Greeks.
alfo called Syrians
Yet the Medes revolted from the Ajfyrians in
die latter end of the Reign of Sennacherib, I
think upon the daughter of his army near Egypt
and his flight to Nineveh for at that time the
:

eftate of Sennacherib was troubled, fo that Tohit

could not go into Media as he had done be-

fore, Tobit i. 15. and fome time after.
advifed his fon to go into Media where he
might expert peace, while Nineveh , according
to the prophefy of Jonah, fhould be deftroy-r
ed. Ctefias wrote that Arbaces a Mede being
admitted to fee Sardanapalus in his palace, and
obferving his voluptuous amongft women,
life

revolted with the Medes, and in conj un6t ion-

wit h Belefis a Babylonian Overcame him, and*
caufed him to fet fire to his palace and burn, .

himfelf: but he is contradi&ed by other au-

t ^lors °f better credit
;
for Burls and e many
Athe i$um
i-xii. P . 5-iS. others wrote that Arbaces upon being admitted
into the palace of Sardanapalus, and feeing his
effeminate life, flew himfelf and Cleitarchus that*
; ,
Sardanapalus- died of old age, after he
,
had loft-
his dominion over Syria he loft it by the re-
volt of the weftern nations and. Herodotus ,

3
4. '
tells-
 :

Cfitfc (Assyrian Empire . 2^5

f
tells us, Medes revolted firft, and de- Herod,
that the f

c- 96 '

fetided their liberty by force of arms againftr&c.

the AJJyrians, without conquering them and ;

at their fir ft revolting had no King, but after

lome time let up Dejoces over them, and built
Ecbatane for his refidence and that Dejoces-
;

Reigned only over Media , and had a peace-

able Reign of 54 years, but his foil and fuc-
ceffor Phraortes made war upon his neighbours,
and conquered Perfia and that the Syrians alio,
•,

and other weftern nations, at length revolted

from the AJfj/rians, being encouraged thereunto
by the example of the Medes and that after: ,

the revolt of the weftern nations, Phraortes in-

vaded the Ajfyrians, but was flain by them in
that war, after he had Reigned twenty and two
years. He was fiicceeded by Ajlyages.
t
NowAferhadon feems to be the Sardanapalus
who died of old age after the revolt of Syria,
the name Sardanapalus being derived from Af-y
ferhadon-Pul. Sardanapalus was the 8
fon of 6 Athenxus
‘

Anacyndaraxis, Cyndaraxis, or Anahaxaris King 53a

,
of Ajfyria ; and this name feems to have been -
!

corruptly written for Sennacherib the father of

Afferhadon. Sardanapalus 7arjus and An
built
chiale in one day, and therefore Reigned over 1

Cilicia, before the revolt of the weftern nations

^4 if he be the fame King with .Ajfevhadan^'
.

'
-Zipj3 .
he
 Qf the Assyrian Empire\
he was fucceeded by Saofduchinus in the year
ot Nabonaffar 8 i
; and by this revolution
vaftb was fee at liberty to return home and for-
tify and the Egyptians alfo, after the
Jerufalem :

Ajfyrians had harraffed Egypt and Ethiopia three

years Ifa. xx. 3, 4. were fet at liberty, and
continued under twelve contemporary Kings
of their own nation, as above. The Ajfyrians
invaded and conquered the Egyptians the fir ft
of the three and Reigned over them two
years,
years more and thefe two years are the inter-
:

regnum which Africanusy from Manethoy places

next before the twelve Kings. The Scythians of
Touran or Turquejlan beyond the river Oxus be-
gan in thofe days to infeft Perjia 3 and by one
of their inroads might give occafion to the re-
volt of the weftern nations.
In the year of Nahonajjdr
101, Saofduchi-
ftusy Reign of twenty years, was fucceed-
after a
ed at Babylon by Chyniladon and I think at
y
Nineveh alfo, for I take Chyniladon to be that
Nabuchodonofor who is mentioned in the book
ot Judith for the
•
hiftory of that Kino- fuits
beft with thefe times:
for there it is fai3 that
Nabuchodonofor King the
of AfTyrians who
Reigned at Nineveh, that great city, in the
twelfth year of his Reign
made war upon Ar-
phaxad King of the Medes, and
was then left
alone
 , , ,

Of the Assyrian Empire.

alone by a defe&ion of the auxiliary nations of
Cilicia, Damafcus, Syria , Phoenicia ,
and Egypt-, and without their help rout-
ed the army of the Medes, and flew Arphaxad:
and Arphaxad is there (aid to have built Echa -
tane, and therefore was either Dejoces, or his
fon Phraortes, who might finifh the city founded
by his father : and Herodotus tells the fame ftory h
Herodi
of a King of Affyria who routed the Medes, 1 I. C. 102*

and flew .
King Phraortes
their and faith that
in the time of this war the AjJvrians were left
alone by the defection of the auxiliary nations,
being otherwife in good condition: Arphaxad
was therefore the Phraortes of Herodotus and by
eonfequence was flain near the beginning of
the Reign of Jojiah : for war was made
this
after Phoenicia, Moab, Ammon, and Egypt had
been conquered and revolted, Judith i.
y,
8, 5>. and by eonfequence after the Reign of
Afferhadon who conquered them : it was made
when the Jews were newly returned from cap-
tivity, and the Veffels and Altar and Temple
were fanBified after the profanation Judith ,
iv. 3. that is foon after Manaffeh their King
had been carried captive to Babylon by Affer-
hadon and upon the death of that King, or
fome other change in the Ajfyrian Empire, had
been releafed with the Jews from that captivity,
s
and
 -

aS8 Of the Assyrian Empire.

and had repaired the Altar, and reftored the fa*

cnfices and worlliip of the Temple, z Chron.

xxxiii. ii, 1 6. In the Greek veifion of the
hook of: Judith , chap. v. 18. it is (aid, that
the Temple of God was cajl to the ground -

y
but
this is not (aid in Jeroms verfion-, and in the
Greek verfion, chap. and chap. xvi. 10,
iv. 3,
it is laid, that the 'vejfels, and the altary and the.

houfe were fan&ifed after the prophanation and in y

both verfions, chap. iv. ir, the Temple is re-

prefented handing.
After this war Nahuchodonofor King of Af-
jyria , in the 1 3 th year of his Reign, according
to the verfionof Jerom, fent his captain Holo
femes with a great army to avenge himfclf on
all the weft country ;
becaufe they had difobeyed
his commandment: and HoJofernes went forth
with an army of 12000 horfe, and 120000
foot of Ajjyriansy Medes and Perjians, and re*
duced Cilicia, Mefopotamia , and Syria, and Da-,
mafeusy and part of Arabia , and Ammon and ,

Edom} and Madian } and then came againft Ju-

daea : and this was done when the government
was in the hands of the High-Prieft and Antients
of Ifraely Judith iv. 8. and vii. 23. and by
confluence not in the Reign of Manajfeh or
Amony but when Jojiah was a child. In times
of profperity the children of Ifrael were apt to
go
 ,

Of the Assyrian Empire .

go Gods, and in times of affliction

after falfe

to repent and turn to the Lord. So Manajfeh a

very wicked King, being captivated by the
Ajyrians, repented and being releafed from
;

captivity reftored the worfhip of the true God:

So when we are told that Jojiah in the eighth
year of his Reign, was yet young be-
•while he ,

gan to feek after the God of David his father, and

in the twelfth year of his Reign began to purge
Judah and JeruSalem from Idolatry, and to de-
Jfroy the High Places, and Groves, and Altars
aud Images of Baalim, % Chron. xxxiv. 3. we
may understand that theft afts of religion Were
occasioned by impending dangers, and eftapes
from danger. When Holofemes came againft the
weftern nations, and Spoiled them, then were
the Jews terrified, and they fortified Judcea

and cryed untoGod with great fervency, and

humbled them]elves in facie cloth, and put ajhes on
their heads, and cried unto the God of I fra el that
lye would not give their wives and their children
and cities for a prey, and the Temple for a profa-
nation and the High-priejl, and all the Priejls put
:

on jack cloth and apes, and offered daily burnt

offerings with vows and free gifts of the people,
Judith and then began Jojiah to feek after
iv.

the God of his father David and after Judith

:

had Slain Holofernes, and the Ajfyrians were fled,

P p and
 1

Of the Assyrian Empire.

and die Jews who purfued diem were returned
to Jerufalem, they worjhipped the Lord and
offe- ',

red burnt offerings and gifts and continued

, feafi.
ing before the Janffuary for the pace of three
fi
months , Judith xvi. 18. and then did Jofiah
purge Judah and Jerufalem from Idolatry.
Whence it Teems to me that the eighrh year of
Jofiah fell in with the fourteenth. or fifteenth of
Nabuchodonofor, and that the twelfth year of
Nabuchodonofor, in which Phraortes was flain,
was the fifth or fixth of Jofiah Phraortes Reign- .

ed years according to Herodotus, and there-

fore fucceeded his father Dejoces about the
40 th
year of Manaffih, Anno Nabonaff] 8 and was
9,
flainby the Affyrians, and fucceeded by
flya* A
ges, Anno Nabonaff] 1 1 Dejoces Reigned
1 .
5 y
yeais according to Herodotus and thefe years ,

began in the 1 6th year of Hezekiah which j

makes it probable that the Aiedes dated them

from the time of their revolt: and
according
to all this reckoning, the Reign of Nabuchodo-
nofor fell in with that of Ch -niladon which \
makes it probable that they were but two names
of one and the fame
King.
Soon after the death of 1
Phraortes the Scythi-
ans under Madyes or
edits
and beat the Medes in battle.
M
invaded Media,
Anno Nabonnf.
1
3 * and went thence towards
Egypt, but
^ were
 -

Of the As Syrian Empire. 2^1

were met in by Pfammitichus and bought'
Phoenicia
of£ and returning Reigned over a great
part of
Afia but:in the end of about z8 years were
expelled ; many of their Princes and comman-
ders being {lain in a feaffc by the Medes under
the condutt of Cyaxeres the fucceflor of
, Ajlya-
g€sy juft before the deftrudion of Nineveh
and ,
the reft being foon after forced to retire.
In the year of Nabonaffar i z Alexander
3 ,
>
Nabopolafar i

thecommander of the forces of Chyniladon "the J^dEufeb.

King of Ajfyria in Chaldesa revolted from, 111 ^ nr<
him, lf
and became King of Babylon and Chyni-adon a u<^ Syncei-
; P
was either then, or foon after, fucceeded lum p,2ia '

at Ni~
neveh by the laft King of Affyria, called
Sarad
by Polyhijlor and at length Nebuchadnezzar
:
the ,
fon of Nabopolajffar, married Amy ite the daugh-
ter of and lifter of Cyaxeres and by
Ajlyages •

this marriage the two families having contrad-

ed they confpired againft the
affinity,
Affyrians j
and Nabopolajfer being now grown old,
and
Ajlyages being dead‘s .their fons Nebuchad-
nezzar and Cyaxeres led the armies of #the
two
nations againft Nineveh flew Sarac,
, deftroyed
the city, and iliared the Kingdom
of the Ad-
rians. This victory the !
Jen.vs refer to the Chat- ! *

d£ans \ the Greeks to the Medes Tobit, Poly

; ,

hijlor, Jofephus, and Ctefias to

It gave a both.
beginning to the great fuccefles of
Nebuchad-
f*
P z nezzar
292 Of tbe Assyrian Empire.
nezzar and Cyaxeres , and laid the foundation
of the two collateral Empires of the Babylonians
and Meeks thefe being branches of the Affyri
•,
-

an Empire and thence the time of the fill of

:

the Afjyrian Empire is determined, the conque-

rors being then in their youth. In the Reign of
Jofiahy when Zephaniab prophefred, Nineveh and
the Kingdom of Ajfyria were Handing, and
their fallwas predi&ed by that Prophet, Zeph.
i,.1 and ii. 13. and in the end of his Reign
,

Pharaoh Nechoh King of Egypt the fucceflor of ,

P [amnitichusy went up again ft the King of Af-

fyria to the river Euphrates, to* fight againft Car-
ehemijh or Circutmmy and in his way thither flew

0 z Kings xx iii. 19. z Chron. xxxv. zof

and therefore the laft King of Afjyna was not
yet (lain. But in the third and fourth year of
Jehoiakim the fucceflor of JoJtah, the two con-
querors having taken Nineveh and finifhed their
war in Afy ria, profecuted their conquefts welt-
ward, and leading their forces againft the King
of Egypt, as an invader of their right of con-
1
1 Kings
*xiv. 7. Jer.
queft, they beat him at Car ehemijh 3 and ‘
took
ilvi. 2. Eu- from him whatever he had; newly taken from
polemus
apnd Eufeb. the Affyrians and therefore we cannot err above
:

Prscp.
c
1. 9. a year or two, if we refer the deflrudion of
*
3S-
Nineveh, and fall of the AJfyrian Empire, to the
fecond year of Jehoiakim, Anno Nabonaff. 140.
8 - The
 .

Of the Assyrian Empire

The name of the King Sarac might perhaps
tail

he contracted from Sarcbedon, as this name was

from Afferhadon, Afferhadon-Pul, or Sardanapalus.
While the Adrians Reigned at Nineveh, Per -
fia was divided into feveral Kingdoms and
;

amongfl others there was a Kingdom of Elam,

which douriflied in the days of Hezekiah, Ma -
naffeh, Jofiah, and Jehoiakim Kings of Judah,
and fell in the days of Zedekiah, Jer. xxv. 25,
and xlix. 3 4, and Ezek. xxxii. 24. This Kingdom
feems to have been potent, and to have had
wars with the King of Touran or Scythia beyond;
the river Oxus with and at
various fuccefs,
length to have been fubdued by the Medes and
Babylonians, or one of them. For while Nebu-
chadnezzar warred in the weft, Cyaxeres reco-
vered. the Ajjyrian provinces of Armenia, Pont us ,,

and Cappadocia, and then they went eaftward a-

gainft the provinces of Perjia and Parthia.
Whether the Pifchdadians, whom the Perjians
reckon to have been their oldeft Kings, were
Kings of the Kingdom of Elam, or of that of
the Ajjyrians, and whether Elam was conquered
by the Adrians at the tame time with Babylo-
nia and Sufiana in the Reign of Afferhadon, and
fbon after revolted, I leave to be examined.

CHAP..
v .** * a vv ,4 im, -* 1
 .

Of the Empires '«f Hhe

CHAP. IV.

Of the two Contemporary Empires of

the Babylonians and Medes.
.
.
* • v
mo bo v i£3 / *c.3vsb

Y
B of the Afyrian Empire the
the

grew great and potent.

fall

Kingdoms of the Babylonians and Medes

The Reigns of the
Kings of Babylon are Rated in Ptolemy s Canon :

for underftanding of which you are to note

that every King’s Reign in that Canon began
with the laft Thoth of his predeceftor’s Reign* as
I gather by comparing the Reigns of the Ro-
man Emperors in that Canon with their Reigns
recorded in years* months, and days* by other
Authors ; whence it appears from that Canon
•that Ajferhadon died in the year of Nabonajfar
8 Saofduchinus his fucceffor in the year ior,
i ,

yChyniladon in the year 123* Nabopolajar in the

year 144, and Nebuchadnezzar in. the year 1 8 7.
All thcfe Kings* and fome others mentioned in
the Canon* Reigned fucceftively over Babylon and
*
this laft King died in the th year of
37 Jecho-
matis captivity, 2 Kings xxv. 27. and there-
fore Jechoniah was captivated in the 150th
year of Nabonajfar. %

'
This
 s

Babylonians and Modes. 5

.

This captivity was 1

in the eighth year of

Nebuchadnezzar’s Reign, z Kings xxiv. 1 z. and.
eleventh of Jehoiakim’s : for
year of the firft

Nebuchadnezzar’s Reign was the fourth of Jeho-

iakim’Sy Jer. xxv. i and Jehoiakim Reigned,
.

eleven years before this captivity, z Kings xxiii.

z Chron. xxxvi. 5. and. Jechoniab three
3 <j.

months, ending with the captivity ; and the

tenth of Jechoniab’ captivity, was the
year
eighteenth year of Nebuchadnezzar's Reign, Jer:
xxxii. 1 and the eleventh year of Zedekiah, in
.

which Jerufalem was taken, was the nineteenth

of Nebuchadnezzary Jer lii. 5, 11. and there-
fore Nebuchadnezzar began his Reign in the
year of Nabonajfar 1 4 z, that is, two years be-'
fore the death of his father NahopolaJfar3 he be-
ing then made King by his father and Jehoia- ;

kim fiicceeded his father Jofiah in the year of

Nabonajfar 139; and Jerufalem was taken and
the Temple burnt in the year of Nabonajfar
160, about twenty years after the deftrudion of
Nineveh.
The Reign of Darius Hyfafpis over Perfa, by-
the Canon and the confent of all Chronologers,
and by feveral Eclipfes of the Moon, began in
fpring in the year of Nabonajfar zzy and in :

the fourth year of King Darius, in the 4th day

of the ninth month , which is the month -Chifleu,-

, when ,
 Of the Empires of the
e
when the Jews had fent unto the houfe of Gody
faying, Jhould I weep in the fifth month as I have
done thefie fo many years ? the word of the Lord
came unto Zechariah, faying, fpeak to all the
people of the Land ,
and to the Priefts, faying •

when ye fafied and mourned in the fifth and feventh

month even thofe feventy years, did ye at allfafl
unto me? Zech. Count backwards
vii. thofe fe-
venty years in which they fafted in the fifth
month burning of the Temple, and in
for the
the feventh for the death of Gedaliah and the •

burning of the Temple and death of Gedaliah,

will fall upon the fifth and feventh Jewijh
months, in the year of Nahonaffar x <To, as a-
bove.
As the Chaldaan Aftronomers counted the
Reigns of their Kings by the years of Nahonaffar,
beginning with the month Thoth, fo the Jews,
as their Authors counted the Reigns of
tell us,

theirs by the years of Mofies, beginning every

year with the month Nifan for if any King
:

began his Reign a few days before this month

began, was reckoned to him for a whole
it

year, and the beginning of this month was

accounted the beginning of the fecond year of
his Reign and according to this reckoning the
y

hr ft year of Jehojakim began with the month

Nifim, Amo Nahenaff, 135?, tho’ his Reign
might
 , a .

Babylonians and Medes.

might not really begin ’till five or fix months
.after and the fourth year of Jehoiakim, and firfl
;
-

of Nebuchadnezzar, according to the reckoning

of the Jews, began with rile month Nifan,
Anno Nabonajf. 141; and the firfl year of, Ze-
dekiah, of Jeconiah’s captivity, and ninth
and,
year of Nebuchadnezzar, began with the month
Nijan in the year of Nabonajfar 150 and ;

the tenth year of Zedebah, and 1 8 th of Nebu-

chadnezzar, began with the month Nifan in the
year of Nabonajfar 1 9.
5 Now
in the ninth year
of Zedebah, Nebuchadnezzar invaded
Judee and
the cities and in the tenth month
thereof,
of that year, and tenth day of the month, he
and his hofl befieged Jerufalem, z Kings xxv. 1
J'er. xxxiv. 1, . xxxix. 1, and lii. 4. From
this time to the tenth month in the fecond year
of Darius are juft feventy years, and accordingly,
upon the z^th day of the eleventh month
of the
fecond year of Darius, the word of the Lord came
unto Zechariah, and the Angel of the Lord
faid. Oh Lord of Hojls, how long wilt thou not
have mercy on Jerufalem, and on the cities
of Ju-
dah, againjl which thou hajl had indignation,
theje
threefcoreand ten years, Zech. i. 7, 1 z. So then
the ninth year of Zedebah, in which this indig-
nation againft Jerufalem and the cities of Judah
began, commenced with the month Nifan in

Q, the
 Of the Empires' of the
the year of Nabonaffar 158-, and the eleventh
year of Zedekiah, and nineteenth of Nebuchad-
nezzar, in which the city was taken and the
Temple burnt, commenced with the month
Nifan in the year of Nabonaffar 1 60, as above*
By all thete characters the years of Jehoia-
kiniy Zedekiah , and Nebuchadnezzar, leem to be

fufficiently determined, and thereby the Chro-

nology of the Jews in the Old Teftament is
connected with that of later times r for between
the death of Solomon and the ninth year of Ze-
wherein Nebuchadnezzar invaded Judaa,
dekiah,
and began the Siege of Jerufalem, rhere were
3 9 o years, as is manifeft both by the prophe/y
of and by Summing up the
Ezekiel, chap, iv,
years of the Kings of Judah and from the
ninth year of Zedekiah inclusively to the vulgar
JEra of Chrifl, there were 590 years 1 and both
numbers, with half the Reign of Solomon*
thefe
make up a thou land years.
In the * end of the Reign of JoJiah, Anno
NabonaJff. of
135), Pharaoh Nechoh, the fucceflbr
Pfammitichus, came with a great army out of E-
gypt againft the King of Ajfyria, and being
denied paflage through Judaa , beat the Jews
at Megiddo or Magdolus before Egypt, flew
Jo-
Jiah their King, marched to Carchemijh or Cir-
.

cutium, a town of Mefopotamia upon Euphrates

 :

Babylonians and Medes. 2 99

and took it, pofleft himfelf of the cities of
!

Syria, lent for Jehoahaz the new King of Ju-

dah to Riblah or Antioch depofed him there,
,

made Jehojak'm King in the room of Jofiah,

and put the Kingdom of Judah to tribute
but the King of Affyria being in the mean time
beheged and fubdued, and Nineveh deftroyed
by Ajfuerus King of the Medes, and Nebuchad-
nezzar King of Babylon, and the conquerors
being thereby entitled to the countries belong-
ing to the King of AJJyria, they led their vi-
dforious armies againft the King of Egypt who
had (eized part of them. For Nebuchadnezzar,
b
affifted by Ajlibares, that is, by Ajlivares, ‘ Eupofe-

Ajfuerus, Ackfweres, Axeres, or Cy- Axeres , King Eu^fprsp.

c
of the Medes, in the third year of Jehoiakim, ^ 9 c- 39 ;
-

came with an army of Babylonians, Medes , Sy- xxiv. 2, 7.

viansy Moabites and Ammonites, to the number of Daan. u. <

10000 chariots, and 1 80000 foot, and 1 z 0000

horfe, and laid wafte Samaria, Galilee y Scythopo-
Ihy and the Jews in Galaaditis, and befieged Jeru - * 1 1
A .

falem, and took King Jehoiakhn alive, and > <

4 2*
bound him in chains for a time, and carried
to Babylon Daniel and others of the people, and xxxvi. 6 .

part of what Gold and Silver and Brafs they

^ er xIv -2
* '

found in the Temple: and in e the fourth year

'

of Jehoiakim, which was the twentieth of Na-

bopolaffar, they routed the army of Pharaoh Ne-
Q^qz choh
 300 Of
choh at Carchemijh, and by purfuing the war
took from the King of
Egypt whatever pertain-
ed to him from the river
of Egypt to the river
of Euphrates This King of Egypt is
called by
the Satrapa of Egypt,
Ccele-Syria, and
MO. c. ir.
Phoenicia-, and this vidory
over him put an end
to his Reign in Ccele-Syria
and Phoenicia, which
he had newly invaded, and
gave a beginning to
the Reign of Nebuchadnezzar
there.* and by the
conquefts over Afyria and Syria
the fmall King-
dom of Babylon was eretfted into a
potent Em-
,. P*re.
Whilft Nebuchadnezzar was
, r , , a&ing in Stria
8 115 k'het
Jofeph.Am. Nabopolajfar died, having Reigned
1-10. C. II. II years; and Nebuchadnezzar
upon the news
thereof, having ordered his affairs in Syria re-
turned to Babylon, leaving the
captives and his
army with his fervants to
follow him
; and from
henceforward he applied himfelf
fometimes to
Jar, conquering Sittacene, Sufima, Arabia, £-
om, Egypt, and fome other countries
; and
lometimes to peace, adorning
the Temple of
u> w th ‘he
/ .
Ipoils that he had taken
the c, ‘y of Babylon ; and
with magnificent walls
gates, and d
and
llately palaces and penfile garden S
rd 1CeSi and
‘
amon g ft °‘hcr things he
cut
above Babylon, and built the city of Tendon!
‘Judaea
 :

Babylonians and Medes. 301

Judcea was now in fervitude under the King
of Babylon, being invaded and fubdued in the
third and fourth years of Jehoiakim, and Jehoia-
kim ferved him three years, and then turned and
rebelled z King. xxiv. i. While Nebuchadnezzar
,

and the army of the Chaldaans continued in

Syria, Jehojakim was under compulfion after ;

they returned to Babylon, Jehojakim continued

in fidelity three years, that is,during the 7 th,
8 th and 5>th years of his Reign, and rebelled
in the tenth : whereupon in the return or end
b
of the' year, that is in fpring, he lent h and z K[n &-
1 r I cr r 1
r. 1 S& ,
“ •
. XXIV.
.

12, 14.
Deiieged jerujalem, captivated Jeconiah the fon 2 Chron.
xxxvi I0 '
and of Jehoiakim, fpoiled the Tem-
fucceflor
'

pie, and carried away to Babylon the Princes,

craftsmen, fmiths, and all that were fit for war:
and, when none remained but the pooreft of
the people,made Zedekiah their King, and1

<2 Kings
bound him upon oath to ferve the. King of Ba- xxiv - 1
J\.
bylon was in fpring in the end of the
this
eleventh year of Jehoiakim, and beginning of the
year of Nabonaffar 150.
Zedekiah notwithftanding his oath k revolted, k Ezek. xvff.

and made a covenant with the King of Egypt 1S ’

,
and therefore Nebuchadnezzar in the ninth year
of Zedekiah invaded Judaa and the cities there-
1
1
2 King,
of, and in the tenth xv- 1 '
Je^ijh month of that s
r
b -

j
year befieged Jerufalem again, and in the ele- &xxxix!i,l!
4 venth
 s

jfi \

36a Of the Empires of the

vcnth year of Zedekiab in the
4 th and' <th ,

months, after a fiege of one year and an half

took and burnt the City and Temple.
Nebuchadnezzar after he was made King
bv
his father Reigned over Phoenicia and Coele-Syria
m
ikrof°
n & 45 yearS> atlci
n
a ^ er r ^ e ^ eat ^ his father A
« z King, years, and after the captivity of Jeconiah
xxv * z7
‘
3 7 ;
and then was fucceeded by his fon Evilme-
rodach, called Iluarodamus in Ptolemy s Canon.
0
oHieron. in Jerome tells us, that Evilmerodach Reigned
iu. xiv. 19.
(even years in his father’s life- time, while his
father did eat grafs with oxen, and after his
father’s was put in prifon with Jeco-
refloration
niah King of Judah ’till the death of his father,
and then fucceeded in the Throne. In the fifth
year of Jeconiati captivity, Beljhazzar was next
in dignity to his father Nebuchadnezzar, and- was
defigned to be his fucceffor, Baruch i. 2, 10,
11, 12, 14, and therefore Evilmerodach was
even then in difgrace. Upon his coming to thV-
p 1 King. Throne p he brought his friend and companion
gv. 27.
1%
jecon a } fj out p rifon on the 27th day of the
twelfth month •, fo that Nebuchadnezzar died in
the end of winter. Anno Nahonajf. 187.
Evilmerodach Reigned two years after his fa-
V fir.

ther’s death, and for his luff andmanners

evil
was flain by his filler’s husband Neriglijfar, or Ner-
’
Tar, Nahonajf. 1 8 according to the Canon.
' v . J

7 Ner-
 : , ,

Babylonians and Medes.

jjfpr, c ?f his young fon
Labofordachus or Laboajferdach, the grand-child
of Nebuchadnezzar by Reigned
his daughter.
four years, according to the Canon and Bero-
fus, including the ftiort Reign of Laboajferdach
alone ; for Laboajferdach according to Berofus and
Jofeplms, Reigned nine months after the death
of his father, and then for his evil manners was
ilain in a feaft, by the confpiracy of his friends

with Nabonnedus a Babylonian, to whom by con-

font they gave the Kingdom but theft nine :

months are not reckoned apart in the Canon.

Nabonnedus, or Nabonadius, according to the
Canon, began his Reign in the year of Nabo-
najfar 153, Reigned feventeen years, and ended
his Reign in the year of Nabonaffar no, be-
ing then vanquished and Babylon taken by Cyrus.
Herodotus calls this laft King of Babylon, Laby-
nitus, and (ays that he was the fon or a former
Labynkus, and of Nitocris an eminent Queen of
Babylon by the father he ftems to underftand
that Labynitus, who, as he tells us, was King
of Babylon when the great Eclipfo of the Sun
predicted by Thales put an end to the five years
war between the Medes and Lydians and this ;

was the great Nebuchadnezzar. Daniel q calls the ?

laft King of Babylon, Beljhazzar , and faith that

Nebuchadnezzar was his father

~
and Jofepbus :
'

'teih
\
 1

3°4 Of the Empires of the

1
» Jof. Ant. tells us, that the Lift King of Babylon was cal-
1. io. c. II.
led Naboandel by the Babylonians, and Reigned
feventeen years ;
and therefore he is the fame
King of Babylon with Nabonnedus or Labynitus
;

and this is more agreeable to (acred writ than to

make Nabonnedus a ft ranger to the royal line :

for all nations ‘were to ferve Nebuchadnezzar

and his poferity , till the ‘very time of his land
Jhould come, and many nations Jhould ferue
themfehes of him, Jer. xxvii. 7. Beljhazzar
was born and lived in honour before the fifth
year of Jeconiah’s captivity, which was the
•

eleventh year of Nebuchadnezzar’s Reign and ;

therefore he was above 3 4 years old at the death

of Evilmerodach, and fo could be no other King
than Nabonnedus for Lab0offerdach the grand-
:

fon of Nebuchadnezzar was a child when he

{
r Herod- 1. Herodotus tells two fa-
us, that there were
e, 184, 18 f.
mous Queens of Babylon, S emiramis and Nito-
cris ; and that the latter was more skilful {he :

obferving that the Kingdom of the Medes, hav-

ing fubdued many cities, and among others
Nineveh, was become great and potent, inter-
cepted and fortified the paflages out of Media
into Babylonia 3
and the river which before was
ftraight, made crooked with great windings,
fhe
•that it might be more fedate -and lefts apt to
overflow.
 ,

Babylonians and Medes. 305

overflow : and on theof the river above
fide
Babylon, in imitation of the Lake of Maeris in
Egypt > flie dug a Lake every way forty miles
broad, to receive the water of the river, and
keep it for watering the land. She built alfo a
bridge over the river in the middle of Babylon
turning the ftream into the Lake ’till the bridge
was built. Pbilojlratus faith,
f
that fhe made a
hi in
vita ^poi
bridge under the river two fathoms broad, mean-’ lonif 1. 1.

ing an arched vault over which the river CIy ‘

flowed, and under which they might walk crofs

the river : he calls her M
»d«a, a Mode.
Berofus tells us, that Nebuchadnezzar built a
penfile garden upon arches, becaufe his wife was
a Mede and delighted in mountainous
profpedts,
fuch as abounded in Media, but were
wanting
in Babylonia : fhe was Amyite the daughter of
Ajlyages, and filler of Cyaxeres, Kings of the
Medes. Nebuchadnezzar married her upon a
league between the two families againft the
King
of Ajjyria : but Nitocris might be another wo-
man who in the Reign of her fon Labynitus a
t
voluptuous and vicious King, took care of
his
affairs, and for fecuring his
Kingdom againft
the Medes, did the works above mentioned.
This is that Queen mentioned in
Daniel chap. v.
ver. 10. .

V j

R r Jofephm
 -:\

go6 Of the Empires of the

*Jof. cont. f

Apiun. 1. 1.
Jofephus relates out of the Tyrian records,
c. JI. that in Reign of Ithobalus King of Tyre
the
that city was befieged by Nebuchadnezzar
thir-
teen years together: in the end of that fiege
Ithobalus their King was flain, Ezek. xxviii.
8,
9y i o .and after him, according to the Tyrian
records, Reigned Baal ten years, Ecnibalus and
Chelbes one year, Abbarus three months, Mytgo
nus and Gerajlratus fix years, Balatorus one year,
Merbalus four years, and Iromus twenty years
and in the fourteenth year of Iromus, fay the
Tyrian records, the Reign of Cyrus began in Ba-
bylonia therefore the bege of Tyre began
;
48
years and fome months before the Reign of
Cyrus in began when Jerufalem
Babylonia : it

had been newly taken and burnt, with the Tem-

ple, Ezek. xxvi, and by confluence after
the
eleventh year of Jeconiah's captivity, or 1
60th
year of Nabonajfar,and therefore the Reign of
Cyrus in Babylonia began after the year of
Nabo-
najfar 208.: it ended before die eight and
twentieth year of Jeconiah's captivity, or
176th
year of Nabonaffar Ezek.
, xxix. 1 7. and there-
ore the Reign of Cyrus
in Babylonia began be-
ore the yearof Nabonafar 211. By this
argu-
ment the firft year of Cyrus in
Babylonia was
one of the two intermediate
years o 20 2,0
Cyrus inyadcd Babylonia in
the year of’ Kabo-

naffar
t
-
 ,

Babylonians and Medes.

v v 9
waffar 2.05); Babylon held out, and the next Herod.
1 . I • C. 1 Spy
year was taken, Jer. li.
p, 57. by diverting 19°? 91.
3 1
Xenoph. 1.7.
the river Euphrates and entring the city
P* l 9o,i9U
through the emptied channel, and by confe- 19*. Ed. Pa-
ris.
quence after midfummer for the river, by the :

melting of the (now in Armenia, overflows

yearly in the beginning of fummer, but in the
w
heat of fummer grows low. And that night w Dan. v.

was the King of Babylon jlain, and Darius the 3 °, 3 *-

Jofeph. Ant.
Mede, or King of the Medes, took the King- 1. 10. c. 1 1.

domy being about threefcore and two years

old : fo then Babylon was taken a month or
two after the fummer folftice, in the year of
Nabonajfar no; as the Canon alio reprefents.
The Kings of the Medes before Cyrus were
Vejocesy Phraortes3 AJlyages, Cyaxeres, or Cyaxa-
res, and Darius: the three firfl: Reigned be-
fore the Kingdom grew great, the two laffc

were great conquerors, and ere&ed the Empire;

for ALfchylusy who flouriflied in the Reigns of
Darius Hyjlafpisj and Xerxes, and died in the
76 th Olympiad, introduces Darius thus com-
plaining *of thofe who perfuaded his Con Xerxes
*
to invade Greece ;
x iEfch. Per-

u w y> -
.j
Jj f- 1 1 •
mi- '• \
£ % v v .
.• .
" fae v. 7 61.

Toiyctg o~<piv egyov hit/ cl^ei^yatrfjSpov

MiyifoV) cueijLivwov oiov xS'ho),
• dL **-*2 & ^ L-V

&
R r z To
 ; -

Of the Empires of the

To $ OLSV Xx<rw cJE,ZZHVOti(r€V TTZCOV'

;’E§ «T6 Tifiri v Zzvg <x.va% t IwJ 1 '

diraim,
El/ CtW^ 7TCL<rY\$ ’A G-ldS'®-’ {JLYl7\0T%0(p'<i

Tctyeiv, syoflot (rwnl^v evS-vlhj&o v.

M« 0 ©J yi 0 Y\V 7 YiytfJLtoV ctT £*

AAA©- S' cMeiva nous toP Zgyov Hvvrz'

tyiViS y} CWtQ S-VjULOV olcLKOS’(>j(piSV.

T cat©-’ <P cLn clvtQ K vpog, evd’cti/u.m 8cc.

They have done a work happen'd

[
The great and mo(l memorable, fuch as never
efty
For it has emptied the falling Sufa \nour.
:

From King Jupiter granted this ho

the time that
That one man Jhould Reign over all fruitful Afia,
Having the imperial Scepter.
For he that firft led the Army was a Mede
The next, who was his fon, finijht the work.
For prudence direBed his foul
\

The third was Cyrus, a happy man, &c.

^ - * * . <
'
«*
.
% * * »

The Poet here attributes the founding of the

Medo- Perfan Empire to the two immediate
predeceflors of Cyrus, the firft of which
was
a Mede, and the fecond was his fon the fecond :

was Darius the Mede, the immediate

prede-
ceffor of Cyrus, according to Daniel
and there-
fore the firft was the father of Darius, that is,
1
Achfu -
 ,

Babylonians and Medes.

Acbfuerus, Affuerus, Oxyares , Axeres, Prince
Axeres, or Cy-Axeres, the word Cy (ignifying
a Prince : for Daniel tells us, that Darius was
the (on of Acbfuerus , or Ahafuerus, as the Ma~
foretes erroneoufly call him, of the feed of the
Medes, that is, of the feed royal : this is that
Ajfuerus who together with Nebuchadnezzar took
and deftroyed Nineveh, according to Tobit :

which adtion is by the Greeks afcribed to Cyax-

eres, and by Eupolemus to A dares,
f a name
perhaps corruptly written for Affuerus. By this
victory over the Affyrians, and fubverfion of
their Empire feated at Nineveh and the en fix-
,

ing conquefts of Armenia, Cappadocia and Per-

Jia, he began to extend the Reign of one
man over all Afia and his fen Darius the
Mede, by conquering the Kingdoms of Lydia
and Babylon, finilhed the work and the third
:

King was Cyrus, a happy man for his great

fucceffes under and againft Darius, and large
and peaceable dominion in his own Reign.
Cyrus lived feventy years, according to Cicero,
and Reigned nine years over Babylon, according
to Ptolemy’s Canon, and therefore was 6 1 years
old at the taking of Babylon at which time
Darius the Mede was years old, according
to Daniel : and therefore Darius was two Ge-
nerations younger than Ajlyages the grandfa-
tiler
 j

31 o Of the Empires of the

ther of Cyrus for Ajlyages, according to both
:

Herod. y
y
Herodotus and Xenophon, gave his daughter
1- i. c. 107,
108. Xeno- Mundane to Cambyfes a Prince of Perjia, and
phon. Cy-
ropsed. 1. 1.
by them became the grandfather of Cyrus and 3

P- 3- Cyaxeres was the (on of Afly ages, according

1 z
Cyropxd. to Xenophon, and gave
Daughter to Cyrus.
his
1. 1. p. 22.
a
a
Cyropasd. This daughter, faith Xenophon, was reported to
* • •

1 . Vlll.
be very handfome, and tiled to play with Cyrus
p. 228, 229.
when they were both children, and to fay that
fhe would marry him : and therefore they were
much of the fame age. Xenophon faith that Cy-
rus married her after the taking of Babylon ;

but flie was then an old woman : it’s more

probable that he married her while flie was
young and handfome, and he a young man
and that becaufe he was the brother-in-law of
Darius the King, he led the armies of the King-
dom until he revolted : fo then Ajlyages, Cyax-
eresand Darius Reigned fucceflively over the
Medes and Cyrus was the grandfon of Ajlyages,
3

and married the filler of Darius, and fiicceeded

him in the Throne.
b Herod.
Herodotus therefore b hath inverted the order
1. 1. c. 73 of
the Kings Ajlyages and Cyaxeres,
making Cyax-
eres to be the (on and fucceflor of
Phraortes
and the father and predeceffor of
AJlyao-es the
father of Mundane , and grandfather
of Cyrus
and telling us, that this Ajlyages
married Ariene
4 the
 , : , , :

Babylonians and Mcdes.

the daughterof Alyattes King of Lydia, and
was at length taken prifoner and deprived of
his dominion by Cyrus and Paufanias hath co-
:

pied after Herodotus, in telling us that AJly-

ages the Ion of Cyaxeres Reigned in Media in
the days of Alyattes King of Lydia. Cyaxeres
had a fon who married Ariene the daughter
of Alyattes j but this fon was not the father of
Mundane and grandfather of Cyrus, but of the
lame age with Cyrus and his true name is
preferved in the name of the Varies which
upon the conqueft of Crcefus by the conduct
of his General Cyrus, he coyned out of the
gold and filver of the conquered Lydians his
name was therefore Darius, as he is called by
VanieL, for Daniel tells us, that this Darius was
a Mede, and that his father’s name was Affk-
erus, that is Axeres or Cyaxeres as above confi-
:

ded ng therefore that Cyaxeres Reigned long,

and that no author mentions more Kings of
Media than one called Ajlyages, and that ALf-
chylus who lived in thole days knew but of
two great Monarchs of Media and Perfta, the
father and the fon, older than Gyrus •, it lee ms
to, me of Mundane and
that Ajlyages, the father
grandfather of Cyrus, was the father and pre-
decefior of Cyaxeres and that the fon and luc-
;

celfor of Cyaxeres was called Darius. Cyaxeres,

accords
 , -

g 12 Of the Empires of the

« Herod. c
according to Herodotus , Reigned 4 o years,
1. x. c. 106,
130. and his fucceflor 3 5 ,
and Cyrus, according to
Xenophon, {even : Anno Nahonajf. 119,
Cyrus died
according to the Canon, and therefore Cyax
eres Anno Nahonajf. 177, and began his
died
Reign Anno Nahonajf. 137, and his father
Ajiyages Reigned z 6 years, beginning his Reign
at the death of Phraortes, who was flain by
the AJjyrians, Anno Nahonajf. 1 1 1 , as above.

Of all the Kings of the Medes, Cyaxeres was

d Herod. d
the greateft warrior. Herodotus faith that he
1. 1. c. 103.
was much more valiant than his anceftors, and
that he was the firft who divided the King-
dom and reduced the irregular
into provinces,
and undifciplined forces of the Medes into dis-
cipline and order and therefore by the tefli-
:

mony of Herodotus he was that King of the

Medes whom ALJchylus makes the fil'd conque-
ror and founder of the Empire for Herodotus ;

reprefents him and his (on to have been the

two immediate predeceffors of Cyrus, erring on-
ly in the name of the (on. Ajiyages did no-
thing glorious in the beginning of his Reign
:

a great body of Scythians commanded by Ma-

e
Herod, ib. dyes invaded Media and Parthia as above,
,

and Reigned there about z 8 years but at :

length his fon Cyax eres circumvented and flew

them in a feaft, and made the reft fly to their
brethren
 ,

Babylonians and Medes.

313
brethren in Parthia •
and immediately after, in
conjunction with Nebuchadnezzar, invaded and
fubverted the Kingdom of AJfyria, and deftroyed
Nineveh.
In the fourth year of Jehoiakim which the
Jews reckon to be the fir if of Nebuchad-
nezzar, dating his Reign from his being
made King by his father, or from the month
Nifan preceding, when the victors had newly
lhared the Empire of the and in pro-
Aflyrians ,
fecuting their victory were invading Syria and
and were ready to invade the nations
Phoenicia,
round about; God f threatned that he would 1
Jer. xxv.
take all the families of the North, that is, the
armies of the Medes, and Nebuchadnezzar the
King of Babylon, and bring them againfl Ju-
d^a, and againfl the nations round about, and
utterly deflroy thofe nations, • and make them an
aflonifoment and lafling defolations, and caufe
them all to drink the wine-cup of his fury and
;

in particular, he names the Kings Judah of

and Egypt, and thofe of Edom, and MoaB, and
Ammon, and Tyre, and^ Zidon, and the Ifles of
the Sea, and Arabia, and Zimri, and all
the
Kings of Elam, and all the Kings
of the Medes,
and all the Kings of the North and the King
,

of Sefac ; and that after feventy years, he -

would alfo punifo the King of Babylon. Here,

 ,

Of the Empires of the

in numbering the nations which {hould fuffer,
he omits the Ajfyrians as fallen already, and
names the Kings of Elam or Perfia, and Sefac
or Sufa, as diftinft from thole of the Medes
and Babylonians and therefore the Perfians
;

were not yet fubdued by the Medes, nor the

King of Sufa by the Chaldeeans ; and as by the
punifhment of the King of Babylon he means
the conqueft of Babylon by the Medes fo by j

the punifhment of the Medes he fee ms to mean

the conqueft of the Medes by Cyrus.
After this, in the beginning of the Reign
of Zedekiah , that is, in the ninth year of
Ne-
buchadnezzar, God threatned that he would
give the Kingdoms of Edom, Moab, and Am-
mon, and Tyre and Zidon, into the hand of
Nebuchadnezzar King of Babylon, and that all
the nations Jhould ferve him, and his fon, and his

fon s fon, until the very time of his land Jhould come,
and many nations and great Kings Jhould ferve
themfelves of him , Ter. xxvii. And at the lame
time God thus predicted the approaching con-
queft of the Perfians by the Medes and their
confederates Behold faith he, I will break the
:

low of Elam, the chief of their might and up-:

on Elam will I bring the four winds from the

four quarters of heaven > and will feat ter them
towards all thofe winds, and there Jhall be no
- nation
 Babylonians and Medes. giy
nation •whither the outcajls of Elam Jhall not
come : for I •will caufe Elam to he difmayed
before their enemies, <qnd before them that feek
their life •, and I •will bring evil upon them, even
my fierce anger, faith the Lord and l •will fend (

the fword after them ’ till I have confumed them j

and I •will fet my throne in Elam, and •will dejlroy
from thence the King and the Princesy faith
the Lord but it : Jhall come to pafs in the latter
days , viz, in the Reign of Cyrusy that I •will

bring again the captivity of Elam, faith the Lord.

Jer. xlix. 3 5, &c. The Perfians were therefore
hitherto a free nation under their own King,
but loon after this were invaded, fubdued, cap-
and difperfed into the nations round
tivated,
about, and continued in (ervitude until the
Reign of Cyrus and fince the Medes and Chal-
:

deans did not conquer the Perfians ’till after the

ninth year of Nebuchadnezzar, it gives us oc~
cafion to enquire what that adtive warrior Cy-
axeres was doing next after the taking of
Nineveh.
When Cyaxeres expelled the Scythians,
s
fo me J
r;

of them made their peace with him, and ftaid

in Media, and prefented to him daily fome of
the venifon which they took in hunting but :

happening one day to catch nothing, Cyaxeres

in a paflion treated them with opprobrious
S f 2 lan-
 , -

516 Of the Empires of the

language : this they refented, and Toon after
killed one of the children of the Medes, dref-
fed it like venilon, and prefentcd it to Cyax-
eres, and then fled to Alyattes King of Lydia

whence followed a war of five years between

the two Kings Cyaxeres and Alyattes and :

thence I gather that the Kingdoms of the Medes

and Lydians were now contiguous, and by con
fequence that Cyaxeres foon after the conqueft of
Nineveh, feizea the regions belonging to the
Ajfyriansy as far as to the river Halys. In the
fixth year of this war, in the mi dll of a battel
between the two Kings, there was a total
h h
Her ? d : Eciiple of the Sun, predidled by Thales and
Ibid. Phn. 1 v.
• r r 11 1
r•
r .. , ,
'
;
.

1. z. c. iz. this tcliple tell upon the 8 th. or May, Anno 2.

Nabonaff. 163, forty and {even years before

the taking of Babylon, and put an end to the
battel and thereupon the two Kings made
:

peace by the mediation of Nebuchadnezzar

King of Babylon, and Syennejis King of Cilicia
and the peace was ratified by a marriage, be-
tween Darius the fon of Cyaxeres and Ariene
- the daughter of Alyattes : Darius was therefore
fifteen or lixteen years old at the time of this
marriage for he was 6 z years old at the ta-
;

king of Babylon.
In the eleventh of Zedekiah's Reign,
year
the year in which Nebuchadnezzar took Jeru -
falem
 , ,

Babylonians and Medes.

falemand deftroyed the Temple, Ezekiel com-
paring the Kingdoms of the Eaft to trees in
the garden of Eden thus mentions their being
conquered by the Kings of the Medes and Chal-
deeans : Behold, faith he, the A (Tyrian <was a
Cedar in Lebanon with fair branches, his

height was exalted above all the trees of the

field, and under his fladow dwelt all great

nations not any tree in the garden of God was
like unto him in his beauty: but I have de-
livered him into the hand of the mighty one of
the heathen, I made the nations to flake at i

the found of his fall when I cajl him down to the

,

grave with them that defcend into the fit : and

all the trees of Eden, the choice and befl of Le-

banon, all that drink water , flail be comforted

in the nether farts of the earth : they alfo went
down into grave with him , unto them that
the
be fain with the fword, and they that were his
arm, that dwelt under his fladow in the midjl of
the heathen, Ezek. xxxi.
Thenext year Ezekiel, in another prophefy,
thus enumerates the principal nations who had
been fubdued and flaughtered by the conquer-
ing (word of Cyaxeres and Nebuchadnezzar.
Astfiur is there and all her comfany, viz in Hades
or the lower parts of the earth, where the
dead bodies lay buried, his graves are about
$ him,
 ,

Of the Empires of the

him \
all of them pain , fallen hy the fword,
which caufed their t err our in the land of the liv-
ing.
o There is Elam, and all her multitude
round about her grave , all of them fain, fallen
hy the fword, which are gone down uncir -
'

cumcifed into the nether farts of the earthy which

cattfed their t err our in the land of the living : yet
have they horn their Jhame with them that go
down into the fit. There is Mefhech,
Tubal, and all her multitude * ;
her graves are
round about him : all of them uncir cumcifed, pain
hy the fword, though they caufed their ten our -

in the land of \ the living. There is Edom,

her Kings, and all her Princes, which with their
might are laid by them that were fain by the

fword. There be the Princes of the North all

of them , and all the Zidonians, which with their
ten our are gone down with the pain, Ezek.
xxxii. Here by the Princes of the North I un-
derftand thole on the north of Jud#a, and
chiefly the Princes of Armenia and Cappadocia,
who fell in the wars which Cyaxeres made in
reducing thole countries after the taking of
Nineveh. Elam or Perpa was conquered by the
Medes, and Sufiana by the Babylonians after the
ninth, and before the nineteenth year of Ne~
buchadnezzar and therefore we cannot err
:

much if we place thele conqueits in the twelfth

 : : _

Babylonians and Medes. 319

or fourteenth year of Nebuchadnezzar : in the
nineteenth, and one and twentieth
twentieth,
1

year of this King, he invaded and conquered '

Jer. xxvii.

Judsa, Moab, Ammon , Edom3 the Philiflims and xxf ’i^to.

Zidon and ’
the next year he befieged Tyre, & xxv -
h
y

and after a fiege of thirteen years he took it, in > Ezek.xxvi.

k XMX '
17 ’
the 35 th year of his Reign 5
and then he in-
Ethiopia and Libya E2 k *' x '
vaded and conquered Egypt y ; i |. xx
9
and about eighteen or twenty years after the 4, s-

death of this King, Darius the Mede conquered

the Kingdom of Sardes 3 and after five or fix
years more he invaded and conquered the Em-
pire of Babylon and thereby finiflied the work
of propagating the Medo-Perjian Monarchy over
all Ajia, as ALfchylus reprefents.
Now this is that Darius who coined a great
number of pieces of pure gold called Darics,

or Stateres Darici for Suidas, Harpocration, and

1

the Scholiaft of Arijlophanes tell us, that thefe

were coined not by the father of Xerxes, but by a
by Darius the firft, by the fir ft
an earlier Darius,

King of the Medes and Per[tans who coined

gold money. They were ftamped on one fide
Sj
Atf.pH/f.op.

ft

ph s.

with the effigies of an Archer, who was crown-

ed with a fpiked crown, had a bow in his left
hand, and an arrow in his right, and was
,

cloathed with a long robe; I have feen one

of them in gold, and another in filver: they
were.:
 : :

3'20 Of the Empires of the

were of the fame weight and value with the
Attic Stater or piece of gold money weighing
two Attic drachms. Darius leems to have learnt
the art and ufe of money from the conquered
Kingdom of the Lydians , and to have recoined
their gold : for the Medes, before they conquer-
Herod. i. t .
ed the Lydians, had no money. Herodotus m tells

us, that ’when Crcefus ‘was preparing to invade

Cyrus, a certain Lydian called Sandanis advifed
him, that he was preparing an expedition a-
gainfi a nation who were cloathed with leathern
breeches, who eat not Jitch viUuals as they
would, but fuch as their barren country afford-
ed who drank no wine3 but water only y who eat
no jigs nor other good meat3 who had nothing
to lofe, but might get much from the Lydians
for the Perfians, faith Herodotus, before they
conquered the Lydians, had nothing rich •
or <va-
n
“ ifa.xiii. 17. lU able and Ijaiah tells us, that the Medes re-
garded not fiher, nor delighted in gold but the *

Lydians and Phrygians were exceeding rich, even

0 Pita.
3’
1. 33* to a proverb : Midas & Crcefus, faith
0
Pliny,

\
infinitum pojfedcrant. Jam Cyrus deviUa Ajia [auri]
pondo xxxiv millia invenerat, prater vafa aurea
aurumque fa&um, &
in eo folia ac platanum
vitemque Qua vi&oria argent quingenta mil-
.
i
lia talent orum reportavit, <& craterem Semiramidis
cujus pondus quindecim talentorum
colligebat . Talen-

tum
 1

Babylonians and Modes. 321

turn autem Agyptium pondo oUoginta capere Varro
tra'dit. What the conqueror did with all this gold
and (liver appears by the Varies. The Lydians}
according to p
Herodotus , . were the fir (I who p Herod. 1 .

c 94'
coined gold and (liver, and Croefus coined gold '

monies in plenty, called Crcefei and it was not

reafonable that the monies of the Kings of Ly-
dia fhould continue current after the overthrow
X *

of their Kingdom, and therefore Varius recoin-

ed it with his own effigies, but without altering
the current weight and value he Reigned :

then from before the conqueft of Sardes ’till after

the conqueft of Babylon.
And fince the cup of Semiramis was preferv-
ed ’till the conqueft of Croefus by Varius, it is
not probable that (he could be older than is re-
prefented by Herodotus.
This conqueft of the Kingdom of Lydia put
the Greeks into fear of the Medes : for Theogniss
who lived at Megara in the very times of thefe
q
wars, writes thus, '
TlCOUXty
, v, 761.

niWjuSjjU, [AST KiyovJs<;y

MuJIv TOV MjtfdW S'etd'LQTiS %0hifX0V.

1 v A v %

Let us drink , talking pleafant things 'with one another,

Not fearing the war of the Medes.

T t And
522 Of the Empires of the

1
ibid. v.773. And ag;ain,

ct7rspuKg
AJtoV o fgcfTov vCzAfyiv

T?o-^g 7toA^c } iVflt <roi A otoi evtpytnwn

£7Teg%0[f)fJZ£ %AeiTd$ Ti U7T^(T t

t/lCtTO

T epnofjSlpoi x&cl&i s&th 3-aAw,

TIcuclvmvIs .XogoJfr \d%cucri re, rov a&U @>g)[a.ov*

’H oS gyays <AUW, dQ&f&w

7uio(p6ogov' ctAActcrv <Poi£e>
Kcm 5 -aVi» ‘EAAtifftW
c/

lAd& ifJLm§tw tM* (pv Adore noAiv-

Thou Apollo drive away the injurious

army of the
Medes
From this city , that the people may with joy

Send thee choice hecatombs m the fpring.

Delighted with the harp and chearful feajUng,
And chorus's of Poe 3, ns and acclamations about
thy altar.
For truly I am afraid, beholding the folly
And fedit ion of the Greeks* which corrupts thepeo-

ple : hut thou Apollo*

Being propitious , keep this our city .

The Poet tells us further that dilcord had de-

ftroyed Magnefia,
' Colophon ,
i

and Smyrna* cities

of Ionia and Phrygia , and would deitroy the

4 Greeks y -
 :

Babylonians and Medes. 323

Greeks which is as much as to fay that the
;

Medes had then conquered thofe cities.

The Medes therefore Reigned ’till the taking
of Sardes and further, according to Xenophon
and the Scriptures, they Reigned ’till the taking
of Babylon: for Xenophon f tells us, that after f Cyrop. 1.8.
the taking of Babylon, Cyrus went to the King
of the Medes at Ecbatane and fucceeded him in
the Kingdom and Jerom, that Babylon ayas Comment.
:
t
*

taken by Darius King of the Medes and his

m Dan v ‘ '

kinfman Cyrus and the Scriptures tell us, that

:

Babylon was deftroyed by a nation out of the

north, Jerem. 1 3, *, 41. by the Kingdoms of
.

Ararat Minni, or Armenia , and Afhchenez, or

Phrygia minor, Jer. li. 27. by the Medes, Ifa.
xiii. 17, 15). by the Kings of the Medes and the
captains and rulers thereof, and all the land of
his dominion, Jer. li. n , 28. The Kingdom of
Babylon was numbred and fnijhed and broken and
given to the Medes and Perfians, Van, v. z 6 28. .

hr ft to the Medes under Darius, and then to

the Perfians under Cyrus : for Darius Reigned
over Babylon like a conqueror, not obfervino-
the laws of the Babylonians, but introducing
the
immutable laws of the conquering nations, the
Medes and Perfians, Dan. vi. 8, T 2, 15;
and the M.edes in his Reign are fet before the
Perfians, Dan. ib. & v. 28, & viii. 20.
T t 2 as
 6 :

3 24 Of the Empires of the

as the Perjians were afterwards in the Reign of
Cyrus and his fucceffors fee before the Medes,
Eflher 14, 18, 1?. Van. x. 1, 20. and
i. 3,
xi. 2. which (hews that in the Reign of Darm
the Medes were upper moft.
You may know alfo by the great number of
provinces in the Kingdom of Darius, that he
was King of the Medes and Perjians for upon
the conqueft of Babylon, he fet over the whole
Kingdom an hundred and twenty Princes, Dan .

vi. 1. and afterwards when Cambyfes and Darius

Hyjlafp is had added {ome new territories, the

whole contained but 127 provinces.
The extent of the Babylonian Empire was
much the fame with that of Nineveh after the
revolt of the Medes. Berofus faith that Nebu-
chadnezzar held Egypt, Syria, Phoenicia and A-
rabia: and Strabo adds Arbela to the territories
of Babylon and faying that Babylon was an-
j

ciently the metropolis of Affyria, he thus de-

feribes the limits of this Affyrian Empire. Conti-
U
Strabo. u
1- 1 . initio
guous , faith he, to Perfia and Sufiana are the
Aflyrians for fo they call Babylonia, and the
:

greateft part of the region about it part of which

:

is Atturia, wherein is Ninus

Nineveh*,] and [or
Apolloniatis, and the Elymceans, and the Para:-
taese, and Chalonitis by the mountain Zagrus. and
the fields near Ninus, and Dolomene,
and
Chalachene, and Chazene, and Adiabene, and
the
 , :

Babylonians and Medes. 325

the nations of Mesopotamia near the Gordyacans,
and the Mygdones about Nifibis, unto Zeugma
upon Euphrates; and a large region on this Jide
Euphrates inhabited hy the Arabians and Syrians
properly fo. called, as far as Cilicia and Phoenicia
and Libya and the fea of Egypt and the Sinus
ISIicus and a little after describing the extent
:

of the Babylonian region, he bounds it on the

north, with the Armenians and Medes unto the
mountain Zagrus on the eaft fide, with Sufa
;

and Elymais and Paratacene, inclusively on the ;

South, with the Perjian Gulph and Chaldaa and ;

on the weft, with the Arabes Scenita as far as

Adiabene and Gordyeea : afterwards Speaking of
Sujiana and Sitacene, a region between Babylon
and Sufa, and of Paratacene and Cojfea and Ely-
mais, and of the Sagapeni and Siloceni, two
w w Strab.i.
little adjoining Provinces, he concludes, and 16.
P ' 74 *‘
thefe are , the nations which inhabit Babylonia
eajlward : to the north are Media and Armenia,
exclusively, and wejlward are Adiabene and Me*-
Sopotamia, incl usively ;
the greatejl part of Adia-
bene is plain, the fame being part of Babylonia
infome places it borders on Armenia: for the
Medes, Armenians and Babylonians warred fre-
quently on one another. Thus far Strabo.

Vfken Cyrus took Babylon he changed the

Kirt|dqm into a Satrapy or Province: whereby
 1 ,

326 Of the Empires of the

_ 1

the bounds were long after known and by :

1 Herod. x
1. 1. this means Herodotus gives us an eft mare of i
c. 192.
the bignefs of this Monarchy in proportion to
that of the Perjians telling us that 1vhiljl every
region over which the King of Perfia Reigned
in his days, was dijlributed for the nourijhment
of his army, befides the tributes, the Babylo-
nian region nourijhed him four months of the twelve
in the year, and all the reft of Alia eight the
: fo
power of the region , faith he, is equivalent to
the third part of Alia, and its Principality , which
the Perfians call a Satrapy, is far the bejl all
of
the Provinces.
y
y Herod. 1 .
Babylon was a fquare
of 1 20 furlongs,
city
c. 178, &c.
or 1 5 miles on every fide, comparted firft with a
broad and deep ditch, and then with a wall
fifty cubits thick, and two hundred high. Eu-
phrates flowed through the middle of it fbuth-
ward, a few leagues on this fide Tigris : and in
the middle of one half weftward flood the
King’s new Palace, built by Nebuchadnezzar and j

in the middle of the other half flood the Tem-

ple of Belus, with the old Palace between that
Temple and the river: this old Palace was built
2 Tfa. xxiii.

*3 -
by the Affyrians, according to z Ifaiah, and by
confluence, by p u l and his foil Nabonaffar, as
above they founded the city for the Arabians
:

and fet up the towers thereof, and raifed the

Palaces
 Babylonians and Medes. 327
Palaces thereof: and at that time Sabacon the
Ethiopian invaded Egypt, and made great multi-
tudes of Egyptians fly from him into Chaldea,
and carry thither their Aftronomy, and Aftro-
logy, and Architecture, and the form of their
year, which they preferved there in the ALra of
Nabonaffar : for the of obferving the
practice
Stars began in Egypt in the days of Ammon, as
- above, and was propagated from thence in the
Reign of his foil Sefac into Afric, Europe, and
- Ajia by conqueft and then Atlas formed the
;

•Sphere of the Libyans, and Chiron that of the

Greeks, and the Chaldeans alfo made a Sphere of
their own. But Aftrology was invented in Egypt
by Nichepfos, or Necepfos, one of the Kings of
the lower Egypt, and Petojiris his Prieft, a little
before the days of Sabacon, and propagated
thence into Chaldea, where Zoroajler the Le-
giflator of the Magi met with it: fo Paulinus,

6)ruique magos docuit myjleria vana Necepfos

And Diodorus, *
Chaldeans in
they fay that the » Diod. h i

Babylonia are colonies of the Egyptians, and be- p ' su

ing taught by the Priefs of Egypt became famous

for Afrology. By the influence of the fame

colonies, the Temple of
Jupiter Belus in Babylon
feems to have been ereCted in the form of the
Egyptian
 328 v • s i »
Of the Empires ,
k* »
of the ' .

b Herod. 1. 1. b
Egyptian Pyramids : for this Temple was a
c. iSi.
folld Tower
or Pyramid a furlong fquare, and a
furlong high, with feven retra&ions, which
made appear like eight towers Handing upon
it

one another, and growing lefs and lefs to the

top and in the eighth tower was a Temple
:

with a bed and a golden table, kept by a woman,

after the manner of the Egyptians in the Temple
of Jupiter Ammon at Thebes and above the ;

Temple was a place for obferving the Stars:

they went up to the top of it by Heps on the out-
fide, and the bottom was compared with a
court, and the court with a building two fur-
longs in length on every fide.
The Babylonians were extreamly addicted to
Sorcery, Inchantments, Aflrology and Divina-
tions, Ifa. xlvii. <>, ii, 13. Dan, ii. 2, v. &
1 1 and to the worfhip of Idols, Jer. 1 2, 40.
.
.

and to feafting, wine and women. Nihil urbis

ejus corruptius moribus, nec ad irritandas illicien-
dafque immodicas <voluptates inflru&ius. Liberos
conjugefque cum hofpitibus Jlupro coire, modo pre-
tium flagitii detur, parentes maritique patiuntur.
Conjoin) ales ludi tota Perjide regibus purpuratifque
cordi funt
ebrietatem
: Babylonii
jeqmntur
maxime
ejfuji junt.
in nj'tnum

Fammarum
& qU #
convi-
<via ineuntium in principio modejlus eft habitus •

dein fumma queeque amicula exuunt, paulatimque

l
.
pudorem
 Babylonians and Medes.
pudorem profanant : ad ultimumy honos auribus ft,
ima corporum velamenta projiciunt. Nec meretricum
hoc dedecus efy fed matronarum wirginumquey apud
quas comitas habetur mulgati corporis ‘vilitas.
Curtins , lib. v. cap. i . And this lewdnels of their
women, coloured over with the name of civi-
lity, was encouraged even by their religion :

for it was the cuftom for their women once in

their life to (it in the Temple of Venus for the
ufe of flrangers ; which Temple they called
Succoth Benoth y the Temple of Women and :

when any woman was once fat there, fhe was

not to depart ’till fome ftranger threw money
into her bofom, took her away and lay with
her ;
and the money being for (acred ufes, (he
was obliged to accept of it how little foever,
and follow the ftranger.
The Perfans being conquered by the Medes
about the middle of the Reign of Zedehah
,
continued in fubje&ion under them ’till the end
of the Reign of Darius the Mede and Cyrus :
y
who was of the Royal Family of the Perfans ,
might be Satrapa of Perfia , and command a
body of their forces under Darius but was not
yet an abfoluteand independant King but after :

the taking of .Babylon,

when he had a victorious
army at his devotion, and Darius was returned
from Babylon into Media, he revolted from
u UDarius
 330 Of the Empires of the
Bavins, in conjunction with the Perfians under
c Suidas in him ; c they being incited thereunto by Harpagus
Herodjfi. a Mede, whom Xenophon calls Artagerfes and A-
c. 123, &c. tabazus , and who had allifted Cyrus
conque- in
ring Crcefus and Ajia minor, and had been inju-
red by Darius. Havpagus was lent by Darius
with an army againft Cyrus , and in the mid ft
of a with part of the army to
battel revolted
Cyrus Darius got up a frefli army, and the next
:

year the two armies fought again this laft bat-

:

tel was fought at Pafargada in Perjia, according

d
a Strabo. to Strabo and there Darius was beaten and
;
L ls p 73 °'
' '

taken Prifoner by Cyrus, and the Monarchy was

by this victory tranflated to the Perfians. The
laft King of the Medes is by Xenophon called

Cyaxares and by Herodotus, Ajlyages the father

y

of Mandane but theft Kings were dead before,

:

and Daniel lets us know that Darius was the

true name of the laft King, and Herodotus,
* that the laft King
. Herod. 1. 1 .
was conquered by Cyrus in
c. 127, &c. the manner above deftribed and the Davies
;

coined by the laft King teftify that his name

was Darius.
This victory over Darius was about two years
after the taking of Babylon for the Reign of
: •

Nabonnedus the laft King of the Chaldees

, whom
Jofephus calls Haboandel and Beljbazzar ended
,
in the year of Nabonajfar z 1 o, nine
years be-
fore
 Babylonians and Medes. 33I
fore the Canon
death of Cyrus , according to the :

but after the tranflation of the Kingdom of the

Medes to the Perfians , Cyrus Reigned only (even
f f
Cyrop. 1.8.
years, according to Xenophon-, and (pending • 2 33 -

the (even winter months yearly at Babylon the ,

three fpring months yearly at Sufa, and the

two fummer months at Ecbatane he came
,

the (eventh time into Perjia, and died there in the

(pring, and was buried at Pafargad<e. By the
Canon and the common content of all Chrono-
logers,he died in the year of Nabonajfar z 1 <>,
and therefore conquered Darius in the year of
Nabonajfar ziz, (eventy and two years after the
deftru&ion of Nineveh, and beat him the (lift
time in the year of Nabonajfar z and re-
i 1,
volted from him, and became King of the
Perfans, either the fame year, or in the end of
the year before. At death he was feven ty
his
years old according to Herodotus, and therefore
he was born in the year of Nabonajfar 1 4 ?, his
mother Mandane being the fifter of Cyaxeres, at
that time a young man, and alfo the fifter of
Amy ite the wife of Nebuchadnezzar,and his fa-
ther Cambyfes being of the old Royal Family of
the Perfans.

Uu CHAP.
X
 :

33 s A Defer ip tion of the

k f /
• • J

”4*
I rV T

V* ^ k i
* -*

jf i
%
•

CHAP. V.
/
« * '

J Jw.
• W"
*

Defer iption of the Temple of

ri
Solomon. ° 5?

See Plate
& II.
I.

T HE Temple of
by the Babylonians,
here to give a defeription of that edifice.
Solomon being deftroyed
it may not be amifs

* Ezek. xli. This

a
Temple looked eaftward, and flood
>3» x 4-
in a fquare area, called the Separate Place: and
b the center of
h Ezek. xl. before it flood the Altar, in
47-
another fquare area, called the Inner Court,

or Court 0/ the Priejls and thefe two fquare

areas, being parted only by a marble rail,
made an 200 cubits long from weft
area
to eaft, and 100 cubits broad : this area was
« 5? i*
j 4 X '
#
-
compared on the weft with a wall, and
c Ezek. xl.
c
on the other three fides with a pavement fifty
33^ 3 6 -

upon which flood the build-

cubits broad,
ings for the Priefts, with cloyfters under them :

and the pavement was faced on the infide with

a marble rail before the cloyfters : the whole made
an area 250 cubits long from weft to eaft, and
200 broad, and was compaffed with an outward
Court, called alfo the Great Court, or Court of
the
 ;

Temple of Solomon. 333

d
the People, which was hundred cubits
an
broad on every fide for there were but two ^ King. xxi.
;
hron ’

Courts built by Solomon: and the outward Court & 9.

was about four cubits lower than the inward,
and was compafled on the well with a wall,
e
and on the other three fides with a pavement - Ezek. xi.
1 *

fifty cubits broad, upon which flood the build- J^Jron.

f
infis for the People. All this was the SanUu- n.
o * r i-l tzck. xl f. f

ary, and made a fquare area 500 cubits long, xiii. 20, &
f xlv 2 * '

and 500 broad, and was compaffed with a

walk, called the Mountain of the Houfe and :

this waik being 50 cubits broad, was compafi

fed with a wall fix cubits broad, and fix high,

and fix hundred long on every fide and the :

cubit was about zi^, or almofl 11 inches of

the Engjijh foot, being the facred cubit of the
Jews, which was an hand-breadth, or the fixth
part of its length bigger than the common
cubit.
The Altar flood in the center of the whole
and in the buildings of s both Courts over a-
gainfl the middle of the Altar, eaftward, fouth-
11

ward, and northward, were gates z 5 cubits h Ezek. xi.

broad between the buildings, and 40 long;

with porches of ten cubits more, looking to-
wards the Altar Court, which made the whole
length of the gates fifty cubits crofs the pave-

pate had
ments. Every 0 two doors, one at either
end,
 334 A Defcription of the
Plate III. end, ten cubits wide, and twenty high, with
polls and threftiolds fix cubits broad : within
the gates was an area z8 cubits long between
the threftiolds, and i
5
cubits wide : and on
either fide of this area were three pods, each
fix cubits fquare,and twenty high, with ar-
ches five cubits wide between them : all which
softs and arches filled the z 8 cubits in length
setween the threftiolds ;
and their breadth be-
ing added to the thirteen cubits, made the
whole breadth of the gates 2,5 cubits. Thefe
polls were hollow, and had rooms in them
with narrow windows for the porters, and a
ftep before them a cubit broad and the walls :

of the porches being fix cubits thick, were alfo

Plate I.
hollow for feveral ufes. At the eaft gate of the
1
1 Chron. Peoples Couvty called the 1

xxvi. 17.
Khifs gftte, were
fix porters, at the fouth gate were four, and
at
xlv
9!^ r he north gate were four : the people k
8, went in
and out at the fouth and north gates; the
1
Exek.xliv. 1 n r & i i ,

2, 3.
gate was opened only for the King, and
in this gate he ate the Sacrifices.
There were
alfo four gates or doors in the weftern wall of
Chron. the Mountain of thefe m the
1
of the Houfe:
xxv i
17 , isf’
l6’
m °fi :
northern, called Shallecheth, or the pate
of the caufiy, led to the King’s palace, the
valley between being filled up with a caufey •

•the next gate, called Parbar, led

to the fuburbs
4
. .. Milto :
 :;
:

Temple of Solomon. 335

Millo : the third and fourth gates, called Afup-
pim, led the one to Millo, the other to the
city of Jerufalem , there being fteps down into the »

valley and up again into the city. Ac the gate

Shallecheth were four porters; at the other
three gates were fix porters, two at each gate
the houfe of the porters who had the charge of
t(je north gate of the People s Court, had alfo the
charge of the gates Shallecheth and Parhar
and the houfe of the porters who had the
charge of the fouth gate of the Peoples Court
,
had alio the charge of the other two gates
called Afuppim.
They came through the four weftern gates
into Mountain of the Houfe , and n went
the n
Ezek. xi.
up from the Mountain of the Houfe to the
,

gates of the People's Court by (even fteps,

and
from the People's Court to the gates of the
Prief's Court by eight fteps : and the arches in Plate n &
Iir *
the fadesof the gates of both courts led into
.

0
doyfters under a double building, fupported ° i King. vi.

by three rows of marble pillars, which butted

Mek.xi. 17,
upon the middles of the fquare pofts,
diredtly l8 ‘

and ran along from thence upon the pave-

ments towards the corners of the Courts : the
axes of the pillars middle row being
in the
eleven cubits diftant from the axes of the
pillars in the other two rows on either hand
and
 Defcription
33 6
and the building joining to the fides of the
gates the pillars were three cubits in diameter
:

below, and their bales four cubits and an half

{quare. The gates and buildings of both Courts
p Eiek. xl. were alike, and p
faced their Courts : the cloy-
*9 3 1 ) 34 >
>
Iters of all the buildings, and the porches of
37 -

allthe gates looking towards the Altar. The

row of pillars on the backfides of the cloyfters
adhered to marble walls, which bounded the
Place I* cloyfters and fupported the buildings: thefe
buildings were three ftories high above the cloy-
9 i King. vi.
and q were fupported in each of thofe
36, &vn.
£^ or £ es ky a row cec ar beams, or pillars of
[

cedar, (landing above the middle row of the

marble pillars the buildings on either fide of
:

every gate of the People s Court, being 1 8 74

cubits long, were diftinguiftied cham-

into five
bers on a running in
floor, length from the
r
Ezek. xl. r
17 - gates to the corners of the Courts : there be-
ing in all thirty chambers in a ftory, where
the People ate the Sacrifices, or thirty exhe-
c’ras, each of which contained three chambers,
a lower, a middle, and an upper : every exhe-
dra was 3 7 \ cubits long, being fupported by
Plate III. four pillars in each row, whole bales were 4
cubits {quare, and the diftances between their
bafes 6 ? cubits, and the diftances between the
axes of thepillars eleven cubits and where two :

exhe-
 Temple of Solomon. 3 37
exhedras joyned, there the bales of their pillars
joyned ;
the axes of thole two pillars being
only 41 cubits diftant from one another and :

perhaps for ftrengthning the building, the Ipacc

Detween the axes of thele two pillars in the

front was up with a marble column 47

filled

cubits fquare, the two pillars (landing half out

ate ^ *

on either fide of the kjuare column. At the jj

in the four corners of Ezek. xivi.
1
r
ends of thefe buildings,
21 ’
22 ‘

the Peoples Court, were little Courts fifty cubits

fquare on the outfide of their walls, and forty

on the infide thereof for ftair-cales to the build-
ings, andkitchins to bake and boil the Sacrifices

for the People, the kitchin being thirty cubits

broad, and the ftair-cafe-ten. The buildings on
either fide of the gates of the Priefis Court were

alfo
3 77
cubits long, and contained each of
them one great chamber in a ftory, fubdivided
into (mailer rooms, for the Great Officers of the
Temple, and Princes of the Priefis and in :

the fouth-eaft and north-eaft corners of this

court, at the ends of the buildings, were kitchins
and ftair-cafes for the Great Officers and per- •,

haps rooms for laying up wood for the Altar.

fat
In the eaftern gate of the Peoples Court ,
Hldeis.
a Court of judicature, compofed of 23
wit tie
The eafiern gate of the Priefis Courty
-
buildings was for the Hig
on either fide,
X x

/
 , :

Defcription of the
33 8
his deputy the Sagan, and for the Sanhedrim or
Supreme Court of Judicature, compofed of fe-
1
Exek. xl. venty Elders.
1
The building or exhedra on the
4J'-
eadern fide of the fouthern gate, was for the
Prieds who had the overfight of the charge of
the SanAuary with its treafuries and thefe were,
:

fird, two Catholikim , who were High-Treafurers

and Secretaries to the and exa-
High-Pried,
mined, dated, and prepared all ads and ac-
counts to be figned and fealed by him then ;

feven Amarcholim, who kept the keys of the

feven locks of every gate of the Sanctuary, and
thole alfo of the treafuries, and had the over-
fight, direction, and appointment of all things
in the Sanctuary then three or more Gisharim,
•

or Under-Treafurers, or Receivers, who kept the

Holy V efTels,
and the Publick Money, and re-
ceived or difpofed of fiich films as were brought
in for the fervice of the Temple, and account-
ed for the fame. All thefe, with the High-Pried,
compofed the Supreme Council for managing
the affairs of the Temple.
11
Exek. xl.

39 ^ 4 1
? 425
The Sacrifices u were killed on the northern
46. fide of the Altar and flea’d, cut in pieces and
faked in the northern gate of the T emple and
5

therefore the building or exhedra on the eadern

fide of this gate, was for the Prieds who had the
overfight of the charge of the Altar, and Daily

5 Service
 Temple of Solomon.
Service : and thefe Officers were. He that re-
ceived money of the People for purchafing things
for the Sacrifices,and gave out tickets for tiie
fame-, He that upon fight of the tickets deli-

vered the wine, flower and oyl purchafed He ;

that was over the lots, whereby every Prieft

attending on the Altar had his duty afligned
;

He that upon fight of the tickets delivered out

the doves and pigeons purchafed He that ad- ;

miniftred phyfic to the Priefts attending; He

that was over the waters ;
He that was over the
times, and did the duty of a cryer, calling the
Priefts or Levites to attend in their minifteries
;

He opened the gates in the morning to be-

that
gin the fervice, and fhut them in the evening
when the fervice was done, and for that end
received the keys of the Amarcholim , and re-
turned them when he had done his duty He ;

that vifited the night-watches; He that by a

Cymbal called the Levites t® their ftations for
Tinging ;
He that appointed the Hymns and fet

the Tune; and He that took care oftheShew-

Bread there were alfo Officers who took care of
:

the Perfume, the Veil, and the Wardrobe of the

Priefts.

The exhedra on the weftern fide of the Couth

gate, and that on the weftern fide of
the noith

gate, were for the Princes of the four

and twenty
courfes
X x z
 34 ° Defcription of the
of the Priefts, one exhedra For twelve of the
Plate II.
and the other exhedra for the other
Princes,
twelve and upon the pavement on either fide
:

* Eze\. xlii. of the Separate Place x were other buildings

3? 4)
8, 13, 14. without cloyfters, for the four and twenty courlcs
of the Priefts to eat the Sacrifices, and lay up
theirgarments and the moft holy things each :

pavement being 1 o o cubits long, and 5 o broad,

had buildings on either fide of it twenty cubits
broad, v/ith a walk or alley ten cubits broad
between them; the building which bordered
upon the Separate Place was an hundred cubits
long, .and that next the Peoples Court but fifty,
y 'fcfcek. xlvi. the other fifty cubits weft ward y
being for a
19, 20. o r ii.i. i/-» . ,1 ^ J
* E'/ck. xlii. ftair-cafeand kitchin ; theft buildings were o
j> 6. three ftories high, and the middle ftory Was
narrower in the front than the lower ftory, and
the upper ftory ftill narrower, to make room for
galleries ; for they had galleries before them,
and under the galleries were clofets for laying up
the holy things, and the garments of the Priefts,
and theft: galleries were towards the walk or
alley,which ran between the buildings.
They went up from the Priefts Court
to the
Porch of the Temple by ten fteps
rfDv... » V and the ;
r
i King, Houle of the Temple was twenty cubits
vi. 2. Eiek broad
xli 2, 4, 12 ; and fixty long within or thirty
J x 4*
broad, and fe-
}
3>
venty long, including the walls;
or ftventy ett-

bits
 c .

Temple of Solomon. 541

bitsbroad, and 5)0 long, including a building
of treafure-chambers which was twenty cubits
broad on three fides of the Houfe and if the 3

Porch be alfo included, the Temple was b an b j

King, vi
hundred cubits long. The treafure-chambers Ezek xiL-

^
were built of cedar, between the wall of the
Temple, and another wall without: they were
c
'built in two rows three ftories high, and o- Ezek xlu
c

pened door againft door into a walk or gallery > u

6 -

which ran along between them, and was five

cubits broad in every (lory 3 fo that the breadth

of the chambers on- either fide of the gallery,
including the breadth of the wall to which
they adjoined, was ten cubits and the whole 3

breadth of the gallery and chambers, and both

jiwH
walls, was five and twenty cubits : the chambers

were five cubits broad in the lower ftory, fix King.vL

d d 1

6>

broad in the middle ftory, and feven broad in

the upper ftory*, for the wall of me Temple,

with retractions of a cubit, to reft
was built
upon. Ezekiel reprefents the cham-
the timber
bers a cubit narrower, and the walls a cubit
s Temp e
than they were in Solomon
.

thicker
a ft my, in a Ezek. a I i

thirty chambers in
e
there were ^
vc cu
ninety chambers, and they were ^
Porch of the Temple
f Chron.
high in every ftory. The
was no cubits high, and its
the'-
rea c
fouth to north equalled the .
p] ou{e
 54 2
A Defcription op the
Houfc : the'Houfe was three (lories high, which
made the height of the Holy Place three times
thirty cubits, and of the Mojl Holy three
that
times twenty : the upper rooms were treafure-
i King. vi. chambers j they s
went up to the middle cham-
8.
ber by winding (lairs in the fouthern (houlder of

the Houle, and from the middle into the

upper.
Some time after Temple was built,
this the
h
h 2 Chron. Jews added a New Court, on the eallern fide
XX. f;
of the Priejls Court , before the Kings gate, and
;
2 King, therein built
1
a* covert for the Sabbath this :
xvi. iS.
Court was not meafared by Ezekiel, but the
dimenfions thereof may be gathered from thofe
of the Womens Court ,. in the (econd Temple,
built after the example thereof ; for when Ne-
buchadnezzar had dedroyed the fird Temple,
Zerubbabel, by the commiflions of Cyrus and
Harms, built another upon the fame area, ex-
cepting the Outward -Court, which was left open
k Etra vi.
to the Gentiles: and this Temple k was
3, 4 -
fixty
cubits long, and fixty broad, being only
two
(lories in height, and having only
t>ne row of
treafure-chambers about it: and on either
fide
of the Priejls Court were double buildings
for
the Frieils, built upon three rows
of marble
pillars in the lower dory, with
a row of cedar
beams or pillars in the dories above
: and the
cloyder
 >

Temple of Solomon.
cloyfter in the lower flory looked towards the
Prtejh Court and the Separate Place, and Prlefts
:

Court, with their buildings on the north and

[ouch tides, and the Womens Court at the ,

-

end, took up an area three hundred cubits

long, and two hundred broad, the Altar [bind-
ing in die center of the whole. The Womens
Cottrt was fo named, becaule the women came

into it as well as the men : there were galleries

for the women, and the men worfhipped upon

theground below and in this ffate the fecond
:

Temple continued all the Reign of the Perftans ;

but afterwards buffered fome alterations, efpe- .

cially in the days of Herod.

This defer iption of the Temple being taken
principally from Ezekiel's Vifion
thereof; and the

ancient Hebrew copy followed by the Seventy

differing in fome readings
from the copy fol-
prefent Hebrew, I
lowed by the editors of the
will here fubjoin that part
of the Vifion which
relates to the Outward
Court , as I have deduced

it from the prefent

Hebrew, and the verfion of
the Seventy compared together.

cfc.
Ezekiel chap, xl ver.

And behold a
“fttfftcabL tom m.
at the cultan
.

round about,
 , , , , :
,

344 A Defeription of the

it, aabb ; and in the mans hand a meafuring reed
fix cubits long by the cubit , and an hand-breadth
fo he meafured the breadth of the building or wall,
one reed, and the height one reed. Then came
Plate III. he unto the gate of the Houle, 'which looheth to-
wards the eafi, and went up the feven Jleps thereof,
A B, and meafured the threshold of the gate C D,
which was one reed broad, and the Porters little
chamber E F G, one reed long and one reed broad ,
;

and the arched paffage between the little chambers

F H ,five cubits : and thefecond little chamber, H I K,
a reed broad and a reed long ;
and the arched paf-

fage, I L, five cubits: and the third little chamber

\
LMN, J a reed lowo and a reed broad: and the
threjhold of the gate next the porch of the gate
within, O P, one reed : and he meafured the porch
of the gate, QR, eight cubits and the pofis thereof
\

ST, st, two cubits ;

and the porch of the gate,
QR, was inward, or toward the inward court •

and the little chambers , E F, I, L M, ef^ hi, H

lm, were outward, or to the eafl three on this •

fide, and three on that fide of the gate. There was

one meafure of the three, and one meafure of the

pofis on this fide, and on that fide •, and he mea-

fured the breadth of the door of the gate C c, or D d,
ten cubits and the breadth
of the gate within
between the little chambers, E e or Ff, thirteen
cubits j
and the limit, or margin, or Jkp before the
little
 Te m pl e of Solomon. 34c
little
chambers, EM, one cubit on this fide, and
tkfop>
em > me cu ^lt on ^)e other fide and the
\

little
chambers, E F G, H I K, LMN, efg, hi k,
Inin, were fix cubits broad on this fide, and fix

cubits broad on that fide and he meafured the

:

whole breadth of the gate, from the further wall

of one little
chamber to the further wall of ano-
ther little chamber: the breadth, Gg, or Kk, or
N n, was twenty and five cubits through ;
door, F H,
mrnfi door, f h : and he meafured the pofis, EF,
H I, and L M, e t, hi, and 1 m, twenty cubits

high ;
and at the pofis there were gates, or arched
paflages, FH, IL, fh, il, round about •, and from
the face of the gate at the entrance, C c,
eaftern

to the weftern face of the porch of the gate within,

T t, were cubits : and there were narrow win-

fifty
dows to the little chambers, and to the porch

within the gate, round about, and likewife to the

even windows were round about within
.*
pofis ,

and upon each

pofi were
palm trees.
Then he brought me into the Outward Court, and
with
were chambers, and a pavement
pil-
lo there
round about, thirty
lars upon it in the court
fupporte ^ ,ate
chambers in length upon the pavement,
by the pillars, ten chambers every fide, ex-
on
cept the weftern : and the pavement butted upon
gates below, every
the Jhoulders or fides of the
exhe tx on eu
^e
gate having five chambers or
346 A DefcriptioHj &c.
fide. And he meafured the breadth of the Outward
Court, from the fore-front of the lower-gate , to the
fore-front of the inward court, an hundred cubits
eaflward.
Then he brought me northward, and there was
a gate that looked towards the north ;
he meafured
the length thereof and the breadth thereof, and
the little chambers thereof, three on this fide, and
three on that fide, and the pofls thereof, and the
porch thereof, and it was according to the meafures

of the firjl gate its length was fifty cubits, and

its breadth was five and twenty : and the win-
dows thereof, and the porch and the palm-trees
thereof were according to the meafures of the gate
which looked to the eafi, and they went up to it
by feven fieps: and its porch was before them, that
is inward. And there was a gate of the inward
court over againfi this gate of the north, as in
the gates to the eaflward: and he meafured from
gate to gate an hundred cubits.

CHAP.
 OVa/iO&.p 4
. o
,/f i^ar/o'/t/ar _lf)rj~c?’/ptio/z of onr of /fo f/a/r.r o/: ofo fy oo/j/po / ot/r/-,
nf/f /oar/ of /Zo C/oysto?~ o/f/oj/ n aau/ .

'( Or rue of o ar/'cr/ ( uptcr

3.0 30 40
/' tnne '' Yfarcnn of x.x-jc.f^e PAe Yf/fais o/~ Or Ofoj/s/er eritypcrUrur
/Ae X
ui /Oi re
e Pop/e .
tAe
yy.vy _f>on//e
Xrn^e/nenf rompeifr/iip fArer unit.,
safes iy
’
Pi/fais n-Arre /neo P.v/ir/rce
of tAieP’eop/rs
yoyn'Y. '
cc Oor/rO
•
.

...
" an of n'Aose infersAres _in fAe fronU
-
z.z. U v,vji//Ouf> nOtA a square fafumn
' ofOYarOi
/'nr freer 0/1 no fetters of /A /.c P/a re refer fo tAe e/eseripfion in pay.
344 343
 O 'ts/SeSCWftlOAL
E'. T/e IIati ITee.
cp tAt Jynn-er Court
O. TAe inept foAy TAzco.
. i_fJt//C/C/(a. fcrtAtt Apyp/fs
i-EP.P T/wr£y Treasiu'c -
tn
i hu infers, imtmo rows, open-,
lo/o7?toz?jc76’m/?/e
my info appi/Ary, Tar ayain/h
Ion aiuAcompapruiy threejii/er
,

SB.CD.TAe Septeif'ute f/ace

ABE T.T/eln neri \nterA,
fhefly Pnw/tfoAiT/aas.
Q- The /J tana AeaeAny fo he
or Cent rt ot tAe fr-te/is,
\
JIiIIA CAaonAer •

parte fTram tne Sep? orate R Il f

’
11 See.
. TAe Anu/Iuiysfor
Place , andfire merit an tAe. fu?' ami tn'enty CourAes
tne otAer t/iree rtcAes, Apt .
opT/ir/tf, opor? tAeTavenunt
a moraie miA.
\cn eftArr side, cf tAeSparate
G. TAe hf/tar. T/uee, fA reefterries AnprAi
HHH. The T as /; Sout/i, Sf mAT out C/aiyoterj, Aut he
AertA (So tea of tAiefrce/i? 1

u/rper Stories narrower han

Court,-. the Amur, fo /naAe room for
fAe C/oysters tla/Acries Ae/vre hem- TAerr ’

f
upyartniy t/ief uiAAinys \
mere 24 (S/mmAere in eacA.
.

f-
yr t/ie Trte/tr. Story one/ hey openI into
K.-K._Z/bjo Courts in nr/iic/i a roa/A or o/Ay.S S- Aetmeeil
’ocre Stair Ca/es unclfitcA he Tia/IAtys .

uypCr tAe fne/fs. T.T. fix’ vAicA

Courts in /v
L- Pen Stepps mere lateAn u-\ /'or tAe TrieAt
to tAe foreA
f t/ie Temp? A .
0/ he tn-enly fur Courts.
.
TAe fare/ af~ t/ieTenipr/e
 d /t /)f/t't'U dtt/l
mmm kklck. Pear little Courts so
S'
WeTeMPLP OfSoIOMON-
'
2 l
"fdc'r tair Ca/es anoC
Attc/uns /or tie People..
AB.CD-7/^ Seyeuyite P/aec F- Pie didtern date of tAe
!/; nthid stood die Temy/e .
Frtests Court; over rvAich
AFiEF. TAe ( 7'urf of // pr/c/ls. seite t/ic dan/edrim.
^.ThtsT/tar . 1TL . / Vu’ SoutAern date cf
jlHLIvlCEJED. si Pavement de Prte. tr Court-
ampa/hiry tArec sides of tAe n. TAe PortAs rn date of the
frtnu/itiond C oa/'tr, a/id upon same Court, nrAe?-e die da;
M/M j'fcat/lAepcd/mos /zrr tie cri/tces mere tie a d. Syc .

Trusts. n’idi Clysters under o. p.c^r.^.t. TAe P uthlinys oi-a

!
them die Chn/strrsyArr- dePrtdd

ksop. PAe Hit 7 '/ (V t/epeoy/e viZ; siv. lar-ae CAarnAenr (sal
j!QT ARX. s/ Pavement com -
divided} in each dtory;n~/ier;
'iisin J three sides of de Peo z
cf oandp, iveretvr deffiyA
j

\fkr Court; upon tvAicA stead r Priest and ‘ru/an , cj tor die

hdBui/c/inoS'J&r
g Overseers cf die Sanctuary
tie dioy/eS,
!
ddi Cloystens under dien i. and Prcasury. X'. 4v- t/ie^ ’

;FXr.2. die ilCounteun of die Ci'C/fcctf £-/’ Mpp/zar Lin?

tZ/Zt/ S <Zf 7 f{ l '^/^TT
House .
Sizc/'lftcc

a at>b. t/zc _P/pn ccF c/~ t/ze frventt/:

si Hid/ enc/osmo dit
w. /bur Cez/zJcj C^Prze/tf
izt/lzc/z
•

Li.ir. jTzi'p Pctir'tif tzz

''-The Qjjxz SAad/ee/ieth .

fl "C7PC tS’t/ltr : (sCt/eS CCZZz/PztZ /z

The Gate Paris r .

ZfZS ^ for- tAe Pried'

f E The boo dates
si/s tty inv.
TAe T/cuse or- Temy/e.
-
d
The at/ date of die/coy/es die
C«'dc<d/d vAtcA ( tear diet- ivit/i
de Pinas date.
Treasure CAamAersy. an
The dordia rulSoulAiraJes Tui/diny/s z.z. on each
°f the same Court-.
of tAe Crya rate Place )
side
1
The CAcnnAe nr over des ;
tle_s is meiv particularly
"ers P/ate.
of tAe Peoy/es Court;
ct-ifdfn die second
l

n tTTeey/r
1
cite- die Tac/dz
*
^do Chambers in eachStorv.
P/ate 1 p 3 sf 6.
 ,
1
A ^ f*
"*
jr\ i v v V ^,1 ^
V- '

»j ;djj/k .vH , Ek* VaIR/ ,S||

t
'
1*
m
s
«

\
^
•* ^ V %

l t
1V3t
iV
;•
.

* .1
CHAP. * r
I
-
*
•

V^* •
VI.
<*4 PI
\ \
?
«»?
^
;
|

*\ v L
i
&
*.

Of the Empire of the Perfians.

* '
r i

YRUS having tranflated the Monarchy

C
was fucceeded by his
to the Perfians,
foil
and Reigned feven
Cambyfes, who Reign-
years,

ed feven years and in the and five months,

three laft years of his Reign fobdued Egypt:

he was focceeded by Mardus or Smerdis the

Magus, who feigned himfelf to be Smerdis the
brother of Cambyfes.
Smerdis Reigned feven months, and in the
eighth month being difoovered, was flain, with
a great number of the Magi fo the Per- ;

fians called their Prietts, and in memory of

this kept an anniverfary day, which they
called. The Jlaughter of the Magi. Then Reign-
ed Maraphus and Artaphemes a few days, and
after, them Darius the fon of Hyftafpes, the
fon of Arfamenes, of the family of Achcemenes,
a Perfian, being chofen King by the neighing
of his horfo
was Ochus.
before he Reigned his
:

He
a
name
feems on this occafion to have
^
c . 2.
k['
9

reformed the conftitution of the Magi, making

his father Hyfiafpes their Matter, or
Archimagus ;
Y y 1
for
 r : y: -

.
\ x ti j
Of
t
the
; \j ( j I
j
Empire
iri'f.ff’ti f „ *\_ .

**
Forph dc for Porphyrias tells b
AbUinentia,
us, that the Magi were a
lib. <}. fort of men fo venerable amongst the Perfians,
that Darius the fon of Hyftaipes wrote on the
monument of his father, amongft other things,
that he had been the Mafler of the Magi. In
this reformation of the Magi
Byfafpes was
,

ail tiled by Zoroafres fo Agathias The Per/ians •,

at day fay fimply that Zoroaltres lived under

this,

Hyftaipes and Apuleius \ Pythagoram , aiunt, in-

:

ter captivos Cambyfe. Regis .

[ex zCgypto Babylo-
nem abdu6tos] doUores habuijfe Perfarum Magos,
& precipue Zoroafrem , omnis divini arcani An-
tifiitem. By Zoroafres' s converging at Babylon
he ieems to have borrowed his skill from the
Chaldeans for he was skilled in /tftronomy,
;

Lib.
Q. Curt.
iii. c.
3
and uied their year : fo ^ Curtius ;
c
Magi prox
inti patrium carmen canebant : Magos trecenti fix-
aginta quinque juvenes fequehantur, puniceis ami-

culis velati, diebus totius anni pares numero and

Ammianus Scientie multa ex Chaldaorum arcanis
BaBrianus addidit Zoroafres. From his conver-

Bno- in feveral places he is reckoned a ’Chal-

dean, an Afjyrian, a Mede, a Perfian a Ba&rian. ,

a Perfo-Mede, and faith that

d
i Suidas in Suidas calls him
he was the mof and frf skilful of Afronomers,
author of the name of the Magi received
among
the:

lefs
mto
 :

of the Persians.
into India, to be inftru&ed by the Gytnmfo-

y
.
and conjoining
thefe
" > j c>
two
their
• • /I • 1 \ •

and authority, inftituted a new let of Priefts or

Magi, and inftru&ed them in fuch ceremonies
and myfteries of Religion and Philosophy as
they thought fit to eftablifh for the Religion
and Philosophy of that Empire J
and thefe in -3
ftruded others, ’till from a fmall number they
grew to a great multitude for Suidas tells us, :

that Zoroajlres gave a beginning to the name of

the Magi : and Elmacinus that he reformed the

religion of the Perfians, which before was divided
into many feSfs : and Agathias ; that he intro-
duced the religion of the Magi among the Perfians,

changing their ancient facred rites, and bringing

in feveral opinions and Ammianus
e
tells us, Ma- e

giam divinorum incorrupt iffmum cultum, cujus

effe

fcientia feculis prifcis multa ex Chaldecorum arcanis

Ba&rianus addidit Zoroajlres : deinde Hyftafpes Rex
prudent ijjlmus Barn pater quum fuperioris In-
\
qui

dia fecreta fdentius penetraret , ad nemorofam

cujus tranquillis Ji-
quamdam verierat folitudinem,
potiuntur
pra celfa Brachmanorum ingenia
,
lentiis

eorumque monitu rationes mutidani mot us c§° fde-

po
rum, purofque facrorum ritus quantum colligere
tuit eruditus , ex his qu<e didicit ,
aliqua fenft us

Magorum infudit ques illi cum difcipUnis prajenti^

;
pojtens
mdi Jfutura, 1per fuam quifque progeniem ,
J Mutt*
 --

Of the Empire
atatibus tradunt. Ex eo per ftecula multa ad pr<e-
fens, una eademque profapia multkudo ereata, Deo-
rum cultibus dedicatur. Feruntque, jujlum
fi eft credi
etiam igyiem ceslitus lapfum apud
fte fempiternis
foculis cuftodiri, cujus portionem exiguam ut
fau-
ftam praifte quondam Afiaticis Regibus dicunt : Hu-
jus originis apud wet ere s numerus erat exilis, ejuft
que myfteriis Perftca poteftates in faciendis rebus
diwinis folemniter utebantur. Eratque piaculum aras
adire, wel hoftiam contre&are, antequam Magus con
ceptis precationibus libamenta diffunderet pracurfo-
ria. Verum auUi paullatim, in amplitudinem gentis
folidee concejferunt &
nomen willafque inhabitan :

tes nulla murorum ftrmitudine communitas, le- &

gibus fuis uti permifft, religionis refpe&u funt ho-
norati. So this Empire was at firft com-
poled of many nations, each of which had
hitherto its own religion : but now Hyftafpes
and Zoroaftres collected what they conceived to
be belt, eftablilhed it by law, and taught it to
others, and thole to others, ’till their dilciples
became numerous enough for the Priefthood
of the whole Empire and inllead of thole
;

various old religions, they fet up their own infti-

tutions in the whole Empire, much after the
manner that Numa contrived and inlfituted the
religion of the Romans and this religion of
:

the Perftan Empire was compoled partly of the

i infti-
 ,

of //.v Persians.; f 35-1

inflitutionsof the Chaldaans in which Zoroajlres
WJ& well skilled and partly of the inflitutions
•,

of the ancient Brachmans , who are fuppofed to

derive even their name from the Ahrahamans, or
fons of Abraham, born of his fecond wife Ke-
turah, intruded by their father in the worihip
of One God without images, and lent into the
eaft, where Hyjlafpes was intruded by their fuc-
cefl'ors. About the fame time with Hyjlafpes
and Zoroajlres, lived alfo Ojlanes, another emi-
nent Magus : him under Darius
Pliny places
Hyjiafp is, and Suidas makes him the follower
of Zoroajlres he came into Greece with Xerxes,
:

and feems to be the Otanes of Herodotus, who

difeovered Smerdis, and formed the confpiracy
againif him, and for that fervice was honoured
by the confpirators, and exempt from fubjedion
to tyarius. -
- 1.

In the facred commentary of the Perjian

f
rites thefe words are aferibed to Zoroajlres 'O Eufeb -

; ^
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. Dens

t
 : , '

Of the Empire
e/2 accipitris capite : hie ejl primus, mcorrup-
tibility at emus, ingenitusy fine partibus , omnibus
aliis dijfimillimus , moderator omnis boni, donis non

capiendus, bonorum optimus, prudentium prudentijfi-

mils, legum aquitatis ac jujiitice parens, ipfe fui doc-

tor, phyficus & perfeBus & fapiens & facri phy-

fici unicus imjentorand the fame was taught by

Ofianes, in his book called OBateuchus. This
was the Antient God of the Perfian Magi, arid
they worfhipped him by keeping a perpetual
fire for Sacrifices upon an Altar in the center

of a round area, compared with a ditch, with-

out any Temple in the place, and without pay-
ing any worftiip to the dead, or any images.
But in a fliort time they declined from the
worfliip of this Eternal, Invifible God, to wor-
fhip the Sun, and the Fire, and dead men, and
images, as the Egyptians, Phoenicians and Chal-
daans had done before and from th e(e fuper-
:

ftitions, and the pretending to prognoftications,

the words Magi and Magia, which fignify the

Priefts and Religion of the Perfians, came to be
taken in an ill fenfe.
Darius, or Darab, began his Reign in fpring,
in the fixteenth year of the Empire of the Per-
(ians, Anno Nabonajf,
227, and Reigned 3 6
years, by the unanimons confent
of all Chrono-
ogers. In the fecond year of his Reign the
 tf the Persians.
Jews began to build the Temple, by,
the pro-
phefyingof Haggai and Zechariah, and
finiflied it
in the lixth. He fought the Greeks
at Marathon
in Otfober, Anno Nabonaf z$8, ten years be-
foie the battel at Salamis, and died in the fifth
year following, in the end of winter, or begin-
ning of fpring. Anno Nabonaf. z The years
63 .

of Cambyfes and Darius are determined by three

Eclipfes of the Moon recorded by Ptolemy fo ,
that they cannot be difputed : and by thofe
Eclipfes, and the Prophefies of Haggai and Ze-
chariah compared together, it is manifeft that the
yearsof Darius began after the Z4th day of the
eleventh Je rojiJh month, and before the z th day
5
ofApril, and by confluence in March or April.
Xerxes, Achfchirofch, Achfweros, or Oxyares,
fucceeded his father Darius, and fpent the firft
five years of
Reign, and fomething more,
his

in preparations for his Expedition againft the

Greeks and this Expedition was in the time of
:

the Olympic Games, in the beginning of the

firfl year of the 75 th Olympiad, Callias being
Archon at Athens ;
as all Chronologers agree. The
great number of people which he drew out of Su-
fa to invade Greece, made ALjchylus the Poet fay s :

To asv 7r&<rov>

It emptied the falling city of Sufa.

The
 354 s
! V; ‘
Of the
;
Empire
'Jji c {' .

j
r
j
r>’

The palfageof his army over th eHellefpont began

in the end of the fourth year of the 74th
Olympiad, that is in June , Anno Nabonajf. 2.6$,
and took up a month and in autumn, after j

three months more, on the 1 6 th day of the

month Munychion, at the full moon, was the
battel and a little after that an
at Salamis :*
*
'

Eclipfe of the Moon, which by the calculation

fell on OBob. 2. His firft year therefore began in

fpting, Anno Nabonajf. 16 3 ,

as above he Reign- :

ed almoft twenty one years by the confent of all

writers, and was murdered by Artab anus > cap-
tain of his guards towards the end of winter.
j

Anno Nabonajf 284.

Artahanus Reigned (even months, and upon
fu (pi cion of treafon again ft Xerxes was ftain
,

by Artaxerxes Longimanus the (on of Xerxes. ,

Artaxerxes began his Reign in the autum-

nal half year, between the 4th and <>th Jewife
months, Nehcm. i. 1. &: ii, s, Sc v. 14. and
Ezra vii. 7, 8, 5. and his 20 th year fell in with
the 4th year of the 83d Olympiad, as Africa-
h
A pud. nus informs us,
Hicron in
and therefore his firft year
Dun viij. began within a month or two of the
autumnal
Equinox, Anno Nabonajf. 284. Thucydides
re-
lates that the news of
his death came to Athens
in winter, in the feventh
year of the Peloponnefian
war, that is An. 4. Olymp. 8 8. and by the
Canon
 , . , :

of the
V ti. . ;
P
v]
E RSI ^A NS.
P f3 "1 i V

Canon he Reigned forty one years, including tjv

£
Reign of his predeceflor Artabanus, and died a-
bout the middle of winter, Anno Nabonaff.
3 2 5
heunte the Persians now call him Ardfchir and
:

Bahaman the Oriental Chriftians Artabafcht.

Then Reigned Xerxes two months, and Sogdian
/even months, and D arius Notions, the baftard
fon of Artaxerxes, nineteen years wanting four
or five months and Darius died in fumraer, a
3

little after the end of the Peloponnejian war, and

in the lame Olympic year, and by conlequence

ill May or June , Anno Nabonaff 344. The 1 3th

year of his Reign was coincident in winter

with the 20 th of the P eloponnejian w ar, and the
years of that war are Hated by indifputable cha-
racters, and agreed on by all Chronologers
the war began in fpring, Ann. 1. Olymp. 87,
'
Lifted 27 years, and ended Apr. 14. An. 4.

Olymp.. p 3.
1 he next King was Artaxerxes Mnemon
of •Darius : he Reigned forty fix years, and died
Anno Nabonaff. 5)0. Then Reigned Artaxerxes
3

Ochus twenty one years 3 Arfes, or Arogus,

two
four years, unto
years, and Darius Codomannus
the Perfian Mo-
the battel of Arbela, whereby
OUoa.^ 2.
narchy was tranflated to the Greeks,
was not Ham
An. Nabonaff. 41 7 i but Darius
until! a year and dome months
aftei.
I
J.L 4*1

Z z 2
 : ,

Of the E m pir e
°r have hitherto dated the times of this Mo-
5

narchy out of the Greek and Latin writers : for the

Jews knew nothing more of' the Babylonian and
Medo- Perfan Empires than what they have out
of the (acred books of the old TedamCnt; and
therefore own no more Kings, nor years of
Kings, than they can find in thofe books
Kings they reckon are only Nebuchadnezzar, E-
‘vilmercdach, Beljhazzar, Darius the Mede, Cyrus
Ahafuerus, and Darius the Perfan this lad Darius
they reckon to be the Artaxerxes, in whole
Reign Ezra and Nehemiah came to Jerufalem ,
accounting Artaxerxes a common name of the
Perjian Kings Nebuchadnezzar, they fay, Reign-
:

ed forty five years, z King. xxv. ±j. Beljhaz-

zar three years, Dan. viii. i and therefore E-
.

1
vilmerodach twenty three, to make up the Se-
venty years captivity •
excluding the firft year
of Nebuchadnezzar, in which they fay the
Prophefy of the feventyyears was given. To
Darius the Mede they aflign one year, or* at
mod but two, Dan. ix. i . to Cyrus three years
incomplete, Dan. x. i. to Ahafuerus twelve
years ’till the cading of Pur, Efih. iii. 7, one
year more ’till the Jews ffnote their enemies,
Eflh. ix.and one year more ’till Eflher and
i.
Mordecai wrote the fecond letter
for the keep-
ing of Purim,
Efh. ix. -ip. in all fourteen
years t
 ,:

*
cf the>
Persians,
years : and to Dams the Perftan they allot
thirty two or rather thirty fix years, Nehem.,
iiii, 6. To Empire from the
that the Perjian
building of the Temple in the (econd year of
Danas Hyfafpis, flourifhed only thirty four
years, until Alexander the great overthrew it

thus the Jews reckon in their greater Chronicle,

SederOlam Kabbah. Jofephus, out of the (acred
and other books, reckons only thefe Kings of
Perfia ;
Cyrus , Cambyfes, Darius Hyfafpis, Xerxes,
Artaxerxes , and Darius : and taking this Darius
who was Darius Not bus, to be one and the (ame
'
t i *
£ * *
v\3i / , : „ a * / b

King with the laft Darius, whom Alexander the

greatovercame by means of this reckoning he
j

makes Sanballat and Jaddua alive when Alexander

the great overthrew the Perjian Empire. Thus all
the Jews conclude the Perjian Empire with
Artaxerxes EonAmanus, and Darius Nothus, al-
lowing no more Kings of Perfia, than they
found in the books of Ezra and Nehemiah and
referring to the Reigns of this Artaxerxes,
and this Darius, whatever they met with in
profane hiftory concerning the following Kings
of the (ame names (o as to take Artaxerxes
•

Lonnmanus, Artaxerxes Mnemon, and Artaxerxes

Artaxerxes and
Ocbus , for one and the (ame ;

Codomannus, for one

Darius Nothus , and Darius
and the (ame Darius and Jaddua, and Simeon
 ,

Of the Empir e
Juftus } for one and the fame High-Prieft. Thofe
Jews who took Herod for the Mejjiah and were
thence called Herodians,feem to have grounded
their opinion upon the feventy weeks of years,
which they found between the Reign of Cyrus
and that of Herod but afterwards, -in applying
:

the Prophefy to Theudas, and Judas of . Galilee,

and length to Barchochab, they feem to have
at
fhortned the Reign of the Kingdom of Perjia.
Thefe accounts being very imperfect, it was
neceffary to have recourfe to the records of the
Greeks and Lathes, and to the Canon recited
by Ptolemy, for hating the times of this Empire.
Which being done, we have a better ground
for underlhmding of the Jews fee
the hiftory
down in the books of Ezra and Nehemiah and ,

adjufting it ^
for this hiftory having fuffered
by
time, wants fome illuftration and firft I ihall :

hate the hiftory of the Jews under Zerubbabel,

in the Reigns of Cyrus, Cambyfes, and Darius
Hy-
JlaJpis.
This hiftory is contained partly in the three
firft chapters of the
book of Ezra, and firft five
verfes of the fourth and partly in the book of
;

Nehemiah, from the

5 th verfe of the feventh
chapter to the 5) th verfe of
the twelfth: for Ne-
hemiah copied all this
out of the Chronicles of
the Jews, written
before his days as may
; ap-
pear
 : .

of the Persians.
pear by reading the place, and confidering that
the Priefts and Levites who (ealed the Covenant
on the 24th day of the feventh months Nehem.
x. were die very (ame with thofe who returned

from captivity in the firft year of Cyrus3 Nehem.

xii. and that all thole who returned (ealed it :

diis will be perceived by the following compa- .

pifon of their names.

The Priefts who returned. The Priefts who (ealed.

J -n v. y Mi o i '
/ n
Nehemiah. Ezra ii. 2. •.
Nehemiah.
Serajah. Serajah.
* Azariah.
Jeremiah. Jeremiah
Ezra. Ezra. Nehem. 8 .

* Pajhur.

Amariah. Amariah.
Malluch : or Melicu, Malchijah .

Neh. xii. z, 14.

Hat tup. Hattup.
Shechaniah or Shebaniahy Shebaniah.
Neh. xii. 3,
Malluch.

Rehum or Harimjb. 3,15. Harm.

Meremoth.
Meremoth
Meremoth.
obadiah or OUia.
Iddo.
* • Daniel.
Ginnetho :
 ,. :

Of the Empire
Ghmetho or Ginnetbon, Ginnethon.
/

Neh. xii. 4, 16. ‘1

-

*
* •

Baruch
* Mejhullam
Abijah. Abijah.
Miamiti. Mijamin
Maadiah. Maaziah.
Bilgah Bilgai.
Shemajah. S hemajah .

^ejhua Jejhua.
Birnui. Binnui.
Kadmiel. Kadmiel.
Sherebiah. iraiiE. Shebaniah
Judah : or Hodamahy Hodijah.
Ezra ii. 40. 6c iti. «

ClSkict. $ Sepiuag.

The Leuites, Jejhua, Kadtnie /, and Hodauiah or Ju

dahy here mentioned, are reckoned
chief father
among the people who returned with
ZerMahet
.Ezra 40. and they a Hilled as well in
ii.
lay!
the foundation -of the Temple,
Ezra iii. 9.
in reading the law,
•covenant,
JO. •
Nehem.
.
and making and fealimg
vni. 7.
I .
&
•
*
V .
J & f '
“
th

'

Comparing therefore the books

of Ezra an
Nehemab together the hiftory
of the Jevs ur ;

der Cyrus Camhyfis,

, and Darius Hyjlafpis, is
th;
the
 : ;

of the Persians.
they returned from captivity
under ZeruUdel,
m the hrit year of Cyrus, with
the Holy Veflels
and a commiflion to build the
Temple and }
came to Jerufalem and Judah every
, one to his
city, and dwelt in their cities
untill the feventh
month ; and then coming to Jerusalem, they
hill: built the Altar, and on the firft day of
the feventh month began to offer the daily
burnt-offerings, and read in
the book of the
Law, and they kept a folemn faff, and fealed a
Covenant and thenceforward the Rulers of the
;

people dwelt at Jerufalem, and the reft of the

people caft lots, to dwell one in ten' at Jerufa-
lem, and the
reft in the cities of Judah and in
the fecond year of their coming, in the fecond
month, which was fix years before the death of
Cyrus, they laid the foundation of the Temple $
but the adverf,dries of Judah troubled them in
building and hired counfellors
,
againfl them all
the days of Cyrus, and longer, even until the
Reign of Darius King of Perfia : but in the fe-
cond year of his Reign, by the prophefying of
Haggai and Zechariah, they returned to the work
and by the help of a new decree from Darius,
finifhed it on the third day of the month Adar,
in the fixth year of his Reign, and kept the
Dedication with joy, and the Paftover, and Feaft
of Unleavened Bread.
A a a Now
 ,
, , , , -,

Of the Empire
Now was not Darius Nothus but
this Darius

Darius Hyftajpis as I gather by confidering that

the fecond year of this Darius was the feventieth
of the indignation againft Jerufalem and the
' cities of Judah which indignation commenced
with the invafion of Jerufalem and the cities
of Judah by Nebuchadnezzar, in the ninth year
of Zedekiah, Zech. i. iz. Jer. xxxiv. t, 7, zz.
& xxxix. 1. and that the fourth year of this
Darius, was the feventieth from the burning of
the Temple in the eleventh year of Zedekiah
Zech. vii. 5. & Jer. lii. iz. both which are
exactly true of Darius Hyflafpis : and that in the
fecond year of this Darius there were men living
who had feen the firft Temple, Hagg. ii. 3 where- .

as the fecond year of Darius Nothus was 1 66 years

after the defolation of the Temple and City.
And further, if the finifhing of the T emple be de-
ferred to the fixth year of Darius Nothus, Jejhua
and Zerubbabel muff have been the one High-
Prieft, the other Captain of the people an hun-
dred and eighteen years together, befides their
ages before ;
which is Purely too long : for in
the firft year of Cyrus the chief Priefts were Se-
rajah, Jeremiah, Ezra, Amariah, Malluch, She
chaniah , Rehum Mtremoth ,
, Iddo, Ginnetho, Ahijah,
Miamin, Maadiah, Bilgah, Shemajah, Joiarih
Jedaiah, Salk, Amok, Iiilkiah, Jedaiah: thefe
were
 ,

of the Persians.
were Priefts in the days of .Jejhua,
and the
eldelf Tons of them Merajah the fon of
all,

riijahy Hanoniah the (on of Jeremiah

, MeJIoullam
the (on of Ezta, c. were chief Priefts in the
days of Joiakim the fon of Jejhua
; Nehem. xii.
and theictore the High Prieft-hood of
Jejhua\ta$
but of an ordinary length.
I have now (fated the
hiftory of the Jews
in the Reigns of Cyrus, Camhyfes and Darius
Hyjiafpis it remains that I (fate their
:
hiftory
in the Reigns of Xerxes, and Artaxerxes
Lon?i-
manus for I place the hiftory of Ezra and Ne~
:

hemiah in the Reign of this Artaxerxes, and

not in that of Artaxerxes Mnemon : for durino 1
'

all the Perjian Monarchy, until the laft Darius

mentioned in Scripture, whom I take to be
Darius Nothus, there were but fix High-Priefts
in continual fucceftion of father and (on,
namely, Jejhua, Joiakim, Eliajhih, Joiada, Jona-
than, Jaddua, and the feventh High-Prieft was
Onias the (on of Jaddua, and the eighth was
Simeon JuJlus, the (on of Onias, and the ninth
was Eleazar the younger brother of Simeon.
Now, at a mean reckoning, we (hould allow
about 27 or 28 years only to a Generation
by the eldeft fons of a family, one Generation
with another, as above ;
but if in this cafe we
allow 30 years to a Generation, and may fui-

A a a 2 ther
3^4 Of ^Empire
ther fuppofe that Jejhua, at the return of the
captivity in the firft year of the Empire of the
Perjians , was about 30 or 40 years old-, Joia-
him will be of about that age in the 16th
year of Darius Hyftajpis, Eliajhib in the tenth
year of Xerxes , Joiada in the 1 5>th year of
Artaxerxes Longimanus , Jonathan in the 8 th year
of Darius Nothusy Jaddua in the 1 5) th year
of Artaxerxes Mnemon, Onias in the 3d year
of Artaxerxes Ochus and Simeon Juftus two
,

years before the death of Alexander the Great*

and this reckoning, as it according to the
is

courfe of nature, fb it agrees perfe&ly well

with hiftory; for thus Eliajhib might be High-
Prieft, and have grandlons, before the feventh
year of Artaxerxes Longimanus, Ezra x. 6 and .

without exceeding the age which many old men

attain unto, continue High-Prieft ’till after the 2d
3
year of that King, Nehem. 6 , 7. and his xiii.

grandfon Johanan , or Jonathan, might have a cham-

ber in the Temple in the leventh year of that
King, Ezra and be High-Prieft before
x. 6 .

Ezra wrote the fens of Levi in the book of

Chronicles Nehem xii. 23. and in his High-
;

Priefthood, he might flay his younger brother

Jefus
in the Temple, before the end of
the Reign of
Artaxerxes Mnemon .*
JoJeph. Antij. 1. xi. c. 7.
and Jaddua might be High-Prieft before the
death
 , > .

of the Persians.
death of Sanballat,
Jofeph. ih. and before the
death of Nehemiah, Nehem.
xii. t 2“ and
rtimv .
alfb
before the end of the Reign of Darius
NotC°
and he might thereby give occafion
to Jofephus
and the later Jews, who took this
King for the
<ir j
®ar‘ us> '°^ lnco an opinion that Sanballat,
Jaddua, and Manaffeh the younger
brother of
Jaddua , lived till the end of the Reign of
the
laft Darius: Jofeph. Antiq. x i.
1. c. 7, 8. and
the faid Manajfeh might marry Nicafo the daugh-
ter of Sanballat and for that offence be chafed
from Nehemiah, before the end of the Reign of
Art axerxes Longimanus Nehem. xiii. z8. Jofeph.
;

Antiq. 1 xi. c. 7 3 8. and Sanballat might at

.

that time be Satrapa of Samaria, and in the

Reign of Darius Nothus , dr foon after, build
the Temple of the Samaritans in Mount Geri~
5zim, for his fon-in-law Manajfeh, the firft High-
Prieft of that Temple*, Jofeph. ib. and Simeon
Jujlus might be High-Prieft when the Perfan
Empire was invaded by Alexander the Great,
as the Jews reprefent, Joma fob 67. 1. Liber

Juchafis. R. Gedaliah, &c. and for that reafon

he might be taken by fome of the Jews for
the fame High-Prieft with Jaddua, and be
dead fome time before the book of Eccl'efajli-
cus was writ in Hebrew at Jerufalem, by the
grandfather of him, who in the 38 th year of
 Of (^Empire
the -'Egyptian y£ra of J)ionyJiusy that is in the
77 th year after the death of Alexander the
Great, met with a copy of it in Egypt, and
there tran dated into Greek: Ecclefiajl. ch. 50.
it

*
& in Prolog, and Eleazar, the younger bro-
ther and fucceflbr of Simeon, might caufe the
Law to be tranilated into Greek, in the beginning
of the Reign of Ptolemaus Philadelphus :
Jofeph.
Antiq. 1. xii. c. 2. and Onias the fon of Simeon
JuJlus, who was a child at his father’s death,
and by confequence was born in his father’s old
age, might be Co old in the Reign of Ptole-
maus Euergetes, as to have his follies excuied to
that King,by reprefenting that he was then
grown childifli with old age. Jofeph. Antiq.
1
. xii. c. 4. In this manner the a&ions of all
thefe High-Piiefts fuit with the Reigns of the
Kings, without any flraining from the courle
of nature and according to this reckoning
:

the days of Ezra and Nehemiah fall in with

the Reign of the fir ft Artaxerxes for Ezra and •,

Nehemiah flouriihed in the High-Priefthood of

Eliajhih, Ezra x. 6. Nehem. iii. 1. xiii. 4, &
28. But if Eliapihy Ezra and Nehemiah be placed
in the Reign of the fecond Artaxerxes fince
,
they lived beyond the 2d year of Artaxerxes,
3
Nehem. .
xiii. 28, there mulf be at lead 1 60
years allotted to the three firft High- Priefts, and

but
 , , , , '

of the Persians.
but 41 to the four or five laft, a divifioii too
unequal: for the High- Priefthoods of
Jejhua,
Joiakim and
Eliajhib were but of an ordinary
length, that of Jejhua fell in with one
Gene-
ration of the chief Priefts, and that of -
Joia
hm with the next Generation, as we have
fhewed already j
and that of Eliajhib fell in with
the third Generation ; for at the dedication of
the wall, Zechariah the fon of Jonathan, the fon
of Shemaiah, was one of the Priefts, Nehem. xii.
35, and Jonathan and his father Shemaiah, were
contemporaries to Joiakim and his father Jejhua ;
Nehem. xii. 6, 1 8 . I oblerve further that in
the firft year of Cyrus, Jejhua, and Bam, 01*

Binnui, were chief fathers of th eLevites, Nehem.

vii. 7. 15. & Ezra ii. 1. 10. & iii. 9. and that
Jozabad the fon of Jejhua and Noadiah the fon
of Binnui, were chief Levites in the feventh
year of Artaxerxes, when Ezra came to Jerufa-
Jem, Ezra viii. 33. fo that this Artaxerxes be-

gan his Reign before the end of the fecond

Generation and that he Reigned in the time
:

of the third Generation is confirmed by two

inftances more ;
for M.efhullam the fon of Bere-
chiah, the fon of Aiejhezabeel and Azariah the
weie fa-
fon of Maafeiah, the fon of Ananiah ,
of the
thers of their houles at the repairing
* and their grandfathers,.
wall:’ Nehem. iii. 4, 5
-

-
, Mejha-
 , ,

Of the Empire
Mejhazabeel and Uavaniah, fubfcribed the cove-
nant in the Reign of Cyrus: Nehem. x. 21, z?
Yea Nehemiahy this fame Nehemiah the (on of
Hachaliah, was the Tirjhatha yand fubfcribed it,
Nehem. x. i, & viii. 9, 6c Ezra ii. 2, 6 3. and
therefore in the 3 2d year of Artaxerxes
Mnemon, he will be above 180 years old, an age
furely too great. The fame may be laid of Ezra,
if he was that Prieffc and Scribe who read the
Law, Nehem. viii. for he is the fonof Serajah,
the fbn of Azariahy the fon of Hilkiahy the fon
of Shallum, 6cc. Ezra vii. 1. and this Serajah
went into captivity at the burning of the Tem-
ple, and was there {lain, 1 Chron. vi. 14. 2
King. xxv. 1 8 and from his death, to the
.

twentieth year of Artaxerxes Mnemon, is above

200 an age too great for Ezra.
years •,

I confider further that Ezray chap. iv. names

Cyrus *, Darius, Ahafuerus, and Artaxerxes in
continual order, as fucceffors to one another, and
thefe names agree to Cyrus, *, Darius Hyftafpis,
Xerxes, and Artaxerxes Longimanus and to no
,

other Kings of Perjia fome take this Ar-

:

taxerxes to be not the Succeffor, but the

Prede-
ceffor of Darius not considering that
Hyjiafpis,
<
in his. Reign the Je ws were bufy <
in buildino-
the City and the Wall, Ezra iv.
12. and by con-
fecpience had finifhed the T emple before. Ezra
4
defcnbes
 \
of the Persians,
defcribes firft how
the people of the land hin-
dered the building of the Temple all the
days
of Cyrus , and further, untill the Reign of Darius
;

and afcer the Temple was built, how they hin-

dered the building of the city in the Reign, of
Ahafuerus and Artaxerxes , and then returns back
to the ftory of the TempleReign of in the
Cyrus and Darius and this is confirmed by com-
\

paring the book of Ezra with the book of

EJiiras :for if in the book of Ezra you omit
the ftory of Ahafuerus and Artaxerxes, and in
that of Efdras you omit the fame ftory of Ar-
taxerxes , and that of the three wife men, the
two books will agree and therefore the book
:

of Efdras, if you except the ftory of the three

wife men, was originally copied from authentic
writings of Sacred Authority. Now the ftory of
Artaxerxes, which, with that of Ahafuerus , in the
book of Ezra interrupts the ftory of Darius , doth
not interrupt it in the book
but is
of Efdras,

there inferted into the ftory of Cyrus , between the

firft and fecond chapter
of Ezra , and all the reft
of the ftory of Cyrus , and that of Darius,
is told

order, with-
m the book of Efdras in continual
that the Darius which
out any interruption fo
.*

in the book of Ezra precedes Ahafuerus and Ar-

in die fame book
uxerxes, and the Darius which
by the book of Efdras, one
follows them, is,

B b b a °d
 Ofrthe r E m 'p i
- r e
and the fame Darks ; and
book of I take the
Efdras to be the belt interpreter of the book
of Ezra: Co the Darius mentioned between
Cyrus and Ahafuerus, Hyflafps and
is Darius ;

therefore Ahafuerus and Artaxerxes who fiic-

ceed him, are Xerxes and Artaxerxes Longjma-
nus ;
and the Jews who came up from Arta-
xerxes to Jerufalem } and began to build the city
and the wall, Ezra iv. 13. are Ezra with his
companions : which being underftood, the hi-
ftory of the Jews in the Reign of thefe Kings
will be as follows.
After the Temple was built, and Darius Hy-
jlafps was dead, the enemies of the Jews in the
beginning of the Reign of his fuccelfor
Ahafue-
rus or Xerxes , wrote unto him an accufation
a-
gainft them; Ezra but in thefeventh year
iv. 6.
of his fucceflor Artaxerxes, Ezra and his com-
panions went u 3 from Babylon with Offerings
and Temple, and power to be-
VefTels for the
£tow on it out of the King.s Treafure
what
fhould be requifite Ezra y ii. whence the
; Tem-
ple is laid to be finifhed, according to the com-
mandment of Cyrus, and Darius, and
Artaxerxes
King of Perfia : Ezra vi.
14. Their commit
hon was alfo to fet Magiftrates and
Judges over,
tile land, and thereby becoming a new
Body
Politic, they called a great Council or Sanhe-
1 -
drim ,
 ;

of the Persians. 371

drim to feparate the people from ft range wives
and the were alfo encouraged to attempt the
building of Jerufalem with wall
its and thence
:

Ezra iaic ^ in his prayer, that God had extended

mercy unto them in the fight ofthe Kings of Perfia,
and given them a reviving to fet up the
houfe of
their God and to repair the deflations thereof
,

and to give them a V/A LL in Judah, even in

Jerufalem. Ezra ix. 9. But when they had be-
gun to repair the' wail, their enemies wrote a-
gainft them to Artaxerxes : Be it known, fay
they, unto the King, that the Jews which came up
from thee to us, are come unto Jerufalem, building
the rebellious and the bad and havefet up the
city ,

walls thereof, and joined the foundations, &c. And

the King wrote back that the Jews fhould ceafe
and the city not be built, until another com-
mandment fhould be given from him: where-
upon enemies went up to Jerufalem, and
their
made them ceafe by force and power Ezra iv. •,

but in the twentieth year of the King, Nehe-

miah hearing that the Jews were in great af-

fliction and and that the wall of Jeru-

diftrefs,

falem, that wall which had been newly repaired

by Ezra, was broken down, and the gates there-
of burnt with fire \
he obtained leave of the

King to go and build the city, and the Gover-

Sc if 6, 8 , 17* an d
nour’s houfe, Mehem. i.
3
-

Bbb 1 coming
 Of the 'Em pi re
coming to Jerufalem the fame year, he conti-
nued Governor twelve years, and built the wall •

and being oppofed by Sanballat , Tobiah and Ge-

Jhem he perfiited in the work with great refo-
,

.lution and patience, until the breaches were made

up: then Sanballat and Gejhem lent meffeno-ers
unto him five times to hinder him from fettino-
up the doors upon the gates: but notwith-
ftanding he perfifted in the work, until the doors
were* alio let up : fb the wall was finifhed in
the
eight and twentieth year of the King, Jofeph.
aAntip* 1. xi. c. 5
. in the five and twentieth day
of the month Elul, or fixth month, in fifty and
two days after the breaches were made up, and
they began to work upon the gates. While
the
timber for the gates was preparing and feafon-
ing, they made up the
breaches of the wall -

both were works of time, and are not jointly

to be reckoned within the
5 1 days this is the
:

time of the laft work of the wall, the work

of
fetting up the gates after the timber was (ea-
foned and the breaches made up.
When
he had fet up the gates, he dedicated
the wall
with great lolemmty, and
appointed Officers
over the chambers for the
Treafure, for the Of-
ferings , for the Firjl-Fruits and
} for the Tithesy
to gather into them
out of the fields the ci-
of
ties, the portions appointed by
the -lava for the
Priefls
y
 of the Persi ans.
P)ieJL aud Levitet mid the Singers
; and the
lottos Kept the ward op God
their ; Nehem. xii.
hit the people in the city were hut few, and
the boufes were unbuilt and Nehem. vii. i 3 4.
111 condition he left Jerufalem in the
this
zd
3
year of the King and after fome time returning
3

back from the King, he reformed fuch abufes

as had been committed in his abfence. Nehem.

xiii. I11 the mean time, the Genealogies

of the
Priefts and Levites were recorded in the book
of the Chronicles , in the days of Eliajhib Joiada
, ,

Jonathan , and Jaddua, until the Reign of the next

King Darius No thus, whom Nehemiah calls Da-
rius the Perjian Nehem. xii. 11,22., z 3 whence
: .

it follows that Nehemiah was Governor of the

Jews until the Reign of Darius Nothus. And
here ends the Sacred Hiftory of the Jews.
The hiflories of the Perjians now extant in
the Eaft, reprefent that the oldeft Dynafties of
the Kings of Perjia , were thofe whom they call

Pifchdadians and Kaianides, and that the Dynafly

of the Kaianides immediately fucceeded that of
the Pifchdadians. They derive the name Kaiani-
.

des from the word Kai, which, they fay, in the

old Perjian language fignified a Giant or great
King; and they call the firfl four Kings of
Dynaffcy, Kai-Cobad, Kai- Cans , Kai -Cof oes,
this
Kai-Axeres,
and Laborafp, and by Lohorafp mean
 , : ,

Of the ‘ E MPIRE
or Cyaxeres : for they fay that Lohorajp was the
of their Kings who reduced their armies to
fitft

good order and difeipline, and Herodotus affirms

the fame thing of Cyaxeres and they fay fur- :

• ther, that Lohorajp went eaftward, and conquer-

ed many Provinces of Perfia and that one of
his Generals, whom the Hebrews call Nebuchad-
nezzar, the Arabians and othersBocktanajfar,
Raham and Gudars went weftward, and conquer-
,

ed all Syria and Judaea, and took the city of era-

J
fa!em and deftroyed it they feem to call Nebu-
:

chadnezzar the General of Lohorajp, becaufe he

aflifted him in fome of his wars. The fifth Kin?
of this Dynafty, they call Kijchtajp, and by this
name mean fometimes Darius Medus, and Co me-
times Darius Hyjiajpis he was for they fay that
contemporary to Ozair or Ezra, and to Zaradujl or
Zoroajlres the Legislator of the Ghebers or
fire-
wor fhippers, and eftabliffied his doctrines
throughout all Perfia and here they take him
;

for Darius Hyfiafpis they fay alfo that he was

:

contemporary to Jeremiah, and to Daniel, and

that he was the fon and fucceffor
of Lohorajp ,
and here they take him for Darius
the Mede.
The Sixth King of the Kaianides, they call Baba-
iuan, and tell us that Bahaman was
Ardfchir
Diraz, that Artaxerxes Lonyimanus, fo called
is

ftom the great extent of his

power : and yet
 , , ,

of /&?.Persi a ns*
they (ay that Bahaman went weft ward into Me-
fopotamia and Syria and conquered Beljbazzar the
(on of Nebuchadnezzar, and gave the Kingdom
to Cyrus his Lieutenant General over Media : and
here they take Bahaman for Darius Medus. Next
after Ardfchir Diraz they place Homai a Queen,
the mother of Darius Nothus tho’ really die did
not Reign and the two next and
: laft Kings of
th cKaianides, they call Darab the baftard foil of
Ardfchir Diraz , and Darab who was conquered
by Afcander Roumi, that is Darius Nothus, and Da-
rius who was conquered by Alexander the Greek :
and the Kings between thefo two Dariuss they
omit, as they do alfo Cyrus, Cambyfes, and Xerxes.
The Dynafty of the Kaianides, was therefore that
of the Medes and Perjians, beginning with the
defection of the Medes from the Ajjyrians, in the
end of the Reign of Sennacherib, and ending with
the conqueft of Perfia by Alexander the Great.
But account of this Dynafty is very im-
their
perfect, fome Kings being omitted, and
others be-

ing confounded with one another t and

their

Chronology of this Dynafty isftill woifo; for to

the ftrft King they Reign of

aftign a years, no
years, to the
to the focond a Reign of 150
the fourth a Reign
third a Reign of 60 years, to
of no years, to the fifth as
much, and to-
years-
the fixth a Reign of 1 1 2.
 * * •

/
37<5 Of the Empiu e, Ifc.
This Dynafty being the Monarchy of the
Medes, and Perjians die Dynafty of the Pifchda-
•,

dians which immediately preceded it, muft be

that of the Ajfyrians and according to the ori-
:

ental hiftorians this was the oldeft Kingdom in

the world, (bme of its Kings living a thoufaqd
years a-piece, and one of them Reigning five
hundred years, another feven hundred years,
and another a thouland years.
We need not then wonder, that the Egypti-
ans have made the Kings in the firft Dynafty of
their Monarchy, that which was feated at Thebes
in the days of David, Solomon, and Rehoboam, fo
very ancient and fo long lived fince the Perjians
*,

have done the like to their Kings, who began to

Reign in Ajjyria two hundred years after the
death of Solomon and the Syrians of Damafcus
‘

have done the like to their Kings Adar and Ha-

zael, who Reigned an hundred years after the
death of Solomon, voor (hipping them as Gods and
,

boajling their antiquity, and not knowing, faith

jofephus, that they were but modern.
And whilft all thefe nations have magnified
their Antiquities fo exceedingly, we
need not
wonder that the Greeks and Latines have made
their firft Kings a little older than
the truth.

F I N I S.

)
t

«
*

ft