Chemistry plays a crucial role in the field of criminology, aiding in the investigation, analysis, and

prevention of various crimes. Here are some specific examples of how chemistry is applied in
criminology:

1. Forensic analysis: Chemical methods are used to analyze physical evidence collected from crime
scenes, such as fingerprints, bloodstains, fibers, and gunshot residues. For instance, a technique called
gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is employed to identify and quantify drugs, poisons,
and explosives found in forensic samples. This enables forensic scientists to determine the presence of
illegal substances, identify unknown chemicals, and link them to suspects or victims.

2. Arson investigations: Chemistry assists in determining the cause and origin of fires. Arson investigators
analyze fire debris using techniques like gas chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, and liquid
chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS). By identifying the accelerants or substances present,
investigators can determine if arson was involved and gather evidence to link suspects with the crime
scene.