❚❊❖❘❊▼❆❙ ❉❊ ❈❖◆❙❊❘❱❆❈■Ó◆

❋❮❙■❈❆ ●❊◆❊❘❆▲

◆♦✈❡♠❜❡r ✷✾✱ ✷✵✶✻

❯◆❆❉✭❯♥✐✈❡rs✐❞❛ ◆❛❝✐♦♥❛❧ ❆❜✐❡rt❛ ② ❛ ❉✐st❛♥❝✐❛✮

❉❊■❙❨ ❨❖▲■▼❆ ❈❯❊❱❆❙ ▼❊◆❉■❱❊▲❙❖
❈Ó❉■●❖✿ ✶✵✺✹✷✺✹✶✵✶
●❘❯P❖✿✶✵✵✹✶✸
✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕
❆❜str❛❝t
▲❛s ❧❡②❡s ❞❡ ❝♦♥s❡r✈❛❝✐ó♥ s❡ r❡✜❡r❡♥ ❛ ❧❛s ❧❡②❡s ❢ís✐❝❛s q✉❡ ♣♦st✉❧❛♥ q✉❡
❞✉r❛♥t❡ ❧❛ ❡✈♦❧✉❝✐ó♥ t❡♠♣♦r❛❧ ❞❡ ✉♥ s✐st❡♠❛ ❛✐s❧❛❞♦✱ ❝✐❡rt❛s ♠❛❣♥✐t✉❞❡s
t✐❡♥❡♥ ✉♥ ✈❛❧♦r ❝♦♥st❛♥t❡✳ P✉❡st♦ q✉❡ ❡❧ ✉♥✐✈❡rs♦ ❡♥t❡r♦ ❝♦♥st✐t✉②❡ ✉♥
s✐st❡♠❛ ❛✐s❧❛❞♦✱ ♣✉❡❞❡♥ ❛♣❧✐❝árs❡❧❡ ❞✐✈❡rs❛s ❧❡②❡s ❞❡ ❝♦♥s❡r✈❛❝✐ó♥✳

❆❇❙❚❘❆❈
❚❤❡ ❧❛✇s ♦❢ ❝♦♥s❡r✈❛t✐♦♥ ❛r❡ r❡❢❡r t♦ t❤❡♠ ❧❛✇s ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧ t❤❛t ♣♦s✲
t✉❧❛t❡ t❤❛t ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❡✈♦❧✉t✐♦♥ t❡♠♣♦r❛r② ♦❢ ❛ s②st❡♠ ✐s♦❧❛t❡❞✱ ❝❡r✲
t❛✐♥ ♠❛❣♥✐t✉❞❡s ❤❛✈❡ ❛ ✈❛❧✉❡ ❝♦♥st❛♥t✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤❡ ✉♥✐✈❡rs❡ ✇❤♦❧❡
❝♦♥st✐t✉t❡s ❛ s②st❡♠ ✐♥s✉❧❛t❡❞✱ ❝❛♥ ❛♣♣❧② ❛r❡ ②♦✉ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ❧❛✇s ♦❢
❝♦♥s❡r✈❛t✐♦♥

❈❖◆❙❊❘❱❆❈■❖◆ ❉❊ ▲❆ ❊◆❊❘●■❆ ▼❊❈❆◆■❈❆

❨ ▼❖▼❊◆❚❯▼
▲❛ ❧❡② ❞❡ ❧❛ ❝♦♥s❡r✈❛❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❡♥❡r❣í❛ ❛✜r♠❛ q✉❡ ❧❛ ❝❛♥t✐❞❛❞ t♦t❛❧
❞❡ ❡♥❡r❣í❛ ❡♥ ❝✉❛❧q✉✐❡r s✐st❡♠❛ ❢ís✐❝♦ ❛✐s❧❛❞♦ ♣❡r♠❛♥❡❝❡ ✐♥✈❛r✐❛✲
❜❧❡ ❝♦♥ ❡❧ t✐❡♠♣♦✱ ❛✉♥q✉❡ ❞✐❝❤❛ ❡♥❡r❣í❛ ♣✉❡❞❡ tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❛rs❡ ❡♥
♦tr❛ ❢♦r♠❛ ❞❡ ❡♥❡r❣í❛✳ ❧❛ ❧❡② ❞❡ ❧❛ ❝♦♥s❡r✈❛❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❡♥❡r❣í❛ ❛✜r✲
♠❛ q✉❡ ❧❛ ❡♥❡r❣í❛ ♥♦ ♣✉❡❞❡ ❝r❡❛rs❡ ♥✐ ❞❡str✉✐rs❡✱ só❧♦ s❡ ♣✉❡❞❡
❝❛♠❜✐❛r ❞❡ ✉♥❛ ❢♦r♠❛ ❛ ♦tr❛✳
❈♦♥s✐❞❡r❡♠♦s ❧♦ q✉❡ ❢♦r♠❛♥ ❡❧ tr❛❜❛❥♦ t❡♦r❡♠❛ ✲❡♥❡r❣✐❛ t♦♠❛ ú♥✐✲
❝❛♠❡♥t❡ ❡❧ ❝❛s♦ ❞❡ ❢✉❡r③❛s ❝♦♥s❡r✈❛❞♦r❛s✱ ❡st♦ ❡s✿

1 1
Wneta = mv 2 − mv02 = △EC
2 2

✶
 ❙✐ só❧♦ ❛❝tú❛♥ ❢✉❡r③❛s ❝♦♥s❡r✈❛t✐✈❛s✱ ❡♥t♦♥❝❡s W neta = W c ❡♥t♦♥❝❡s
✐♠♣❧✐❝❛ q✉❡ ❝✉❛❧q✉✐❡r ♣r♦❝❡s♦ q✉❡ ✐♠♣❧✐q✉❡ só❧♦ ❢✉❡r③❛s ❝♦♥s❡r✲
✈❛❞♦r❛s✳ ❊s ❞❡❝✐r✿

Eci + Epi = Ecf + Epf

② s✐ ❡♥ ✉ s✐st❡♠❛ ❛♣❛r❡❝❡ ✉♥❛ ❝❛♥t✐❞❛❞ ❞❡ ♠♦✈✐♠✐❡♥t♦ ❧✐♥❡❧② ❡st❡ ❡s ❝♦♥s❡r✲

✈❛t✐✈♦ s❡ t✐❡♥❡ q✉❡✿

Pi = Pf

mvi = mvf

mai + mbi = maf + mbf

❊❏❊❘❈■❈■❖ ✶✮ ❈♦♥s✐❞❡r❡ ❧❛ ♣✐st❛ ❞❡ t♦❜♦❣á♥ ♠♦str❛❞❛ ❡♥ ❧❛ ✜❣✉r❛✳ ▲♦s

♣✉♥t♦s ♠❛r❝❛❞♦s ❝♦rr❡s♣♦♥❞❡♥ ❛✿ ❆ ❂ ♠á①✐♠♦ ❛❜s♦❧✉t♦✱ ❇ ❂ ♠á①✐♠♦ ❧♦❝❛❧✱
❈ ❂ ♠í♥✐♠♦ ❧♦❝❛❧✳ ❯♥ ❜❧♦q✉❡ ❞❡ ❤✐❡❧♦ ✭♠❛s❛ ♠ ❡♥ ❧❛ ✜❣✉r❛✮ ♣❛t✐♥❛ s♦❜r❡ ❧❛
♣✐st❛ s✐♥ r♦③❛♠✐❡♥t♦ ❛♣r❡❝✐❛❜❧❡✳ ❊❧ ❜❧♦q✉❡ ❡s ❛♣♦②❛❞♦ s♦❜r❡ ❡❧ ♣✉♥t♦ ❈ ② s❡
❧❡ ✐♠♣r✐♠❡ ❛❧❧í ✉♥❛ r❛♣✐❞❡③ ✈❴✧❈✧ ✱ ♣❛r❛ ❧❛♥③❛r❧♦ ❤❛❝✐❛ ❛rr✐❜❛ ♣♦r ❧❛ ♣✐st❛✳
✭❛✮ ➽❈✉á❧ ❞❡❜❡ s❡r ❡❧ ✈❛❧♦r ❞❡ ✈❴✧❈✧ ♣❛r❛ q✉❡ ❥✉st♦ ❛❧❝❛♥❝❡ ❛ ❧❧❡❣❛r ❛❧ ♣✉♥t♦
❆❄ ✭❛s✉♠✐♠♦s q✉❡ ❡❧ ❜❧♦q✉❡ ♥♦ ♣✐❡r❞❡ ♥✉♥❝❛ ❝♦♥t❛❝t♦ ❝♦♥ ❧❛ ♣✐st❛✮✳ P❛r❛ ❧❛s
♣r❡❣✉♥t❛s ✭❜✮✱ ✭❝✮ ② ✭❞✮✱ ❡❧ ❜❧♦q✉❡ ❡s ❧❛♥③❛❞♦ ❝♦♥ ❧❛ r❛♣✐❞❡③ ❝❛❧❝✉❧❛❞❛ ❡♥ ❧❛
♣r❡❣✉♥t❛ ✭❛✮✳ ✭❜✮ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❡ ❧❛ r❛♣✐❞❡③ ❝♦♥ ❧❛ ❝✉❛❧ ♣❛s❛ ❡❧ ❜❧♦q✉❡ ♣♦r ❡❧ ♣✉♥t♦
❇✳ ✭❝✮ ❙✉♣♦♥❣❛ q✉❡ ❡❧ r❛❞✐♦ ❞❡ ❝✉r✈❛t✉r❛ ❞❡ ❧❛ ♣✐st❛ ❡♥ ❡❧ ♣✉♥t♦ ❇ ✈❛❧❡ ✹✳✺✵
♠✳ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❡ ❧❛ ♠❛❣♥✐t✉❞ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❢✉❡r③❛ ❞❡ ❝♦♥t❛❝t♦ ❡♥tr❡ ❡❧ ❜❧♦q✉❡ ② ❧❛ ♣✐st❛
❡♥ ❡s❡ ♣✉♥t♦✳ ✭❞✮ ➽❈✉á❧ ♣♦❞rí❛ s❡r ❡❧ ✈❛❧♦r ♠í♥✐♠♦ ❞❡❧ r❛❞✐♦ ❞❡ ❝✉r✈❛t✉r❛ ❞❡ ❧❛
♣✐st❛ ❡♥ ❡❧ ♣✉♥t♦ ❇ s✐ s❡ ❜✉s❝❛ q✉❡ ❡❧ ❜❧♦q✉❡ s❡ ♠❛♥t❡♥❣❛ ❡♥ ❝♦♥t❛❝t♦ ❝♦♥ ❡❧❧❛
❛❧ ♣❛s❛r ♣♦r ❡s❡ ♣✉♥t♦❄

❊❏❊❘❈■❈■❖ ✷✮ ❯♥❛ ❝❛❥❛ ❞❡ ✷✳✺✵❑❣ q✉❡ s❡ ❞❡s❧✐③❛ ❤❛❝✐❛ ❛❜❛❥♦ ♣♦r ✉♥❛
r❛♠♣❛ ❡♥ ✉♥ ♠✉❡❧❧❡ ❞❡ ❝❛r❣❛✳ ▲❛ r❛♠♣❛ ♠✐❞❡ ✵✳✽✺✵ ♠ ❞❡ ❧❛r❣♦ ② ❡stá ✐♥❝❧✐♥❛❞❛
✸✵✳ ✵♦✳ ▲❛ ❝❛❥❛ ❡♠♣✐❡③❛ ❞❡s❞❡ ❡❧ r❡♣♦s♦ ❡♥ ❧❛ ♣❛rt❡ s✉♣❡r✐♦r ② ❡①♣❡r✐♠❡♥t❛ ✉♥❛
❢✉❡r③❛ ❞❡ ❢r✐❝❝✐ó♥ ❝♦♥st❛♥t❡✱ ❝✉②❛ ♠❛❣♥✐t✉❞ ❡s ❞❡ ✸✳✽✵ ◆ ② ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛ ♠♦✈✐é♥❞♦s❡
✉♥❛ ❝♦rt❛ ❞✐st❛♥❝✐❛ s♦❜r❡ ❡❧ s✉❡❧♦ ♣❧❛♥♦✳ ❆✮ ❯t✐❧✐❝❡ ♠ét♦❞♦s ❞❡ ❡♥❡r❣í❛ ♣❛r❛
❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❛r ❧❛ ✈❡❧♦❝✐❞❛❞ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❝❛❥❛ ❝✉❛♥❞♦ ❛❧❝❛♥③❛ ❡❧ ♣✉♥t♦ ✐♥❢❡r✐♦r ❞❡ ❧❛ r❛♠♣❛
② ❇✮ ➽❆ q✉é ❞✐st❛♥❝✐❛ s❡ ❞❡s❧✐③❛ ❧❛ ❝❛❥❛ s♦❜r❡ ❡❧ ♣✐s♦ ❤♦r✐③♦♥t❛❧ s✐ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛
❡①♣❡r✐♠❡♥t❛♥❞♦ ✉♥❛ ❢✉❡r③❛ ❞❡ ❢r✐❝❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ✹✳✺✵ ◆ ❞❡ ♠❛❣♥✐t✉❞❄

❙❖▲❯❈■❖◆✿

❨❛ q✉❡ vi = 0, ❧❛ ❡♥❡r❣í❛ ❝✐♥ét✐❝❛ ✐♥✐❝✐❛❧ ❞❡❧ s✐st❡♠❛✱ ❝✉❛♥❞♦ ❧❛ ❝❛❥❛ ❡stá ❡♥ ❧♦

❛❧t♦ ❞❡ ❧❛ r❛♠♣❛✱ ❡s ❝❡r♦✳
❊✈❛❧ú❡ ❧❛ ❡♥❡r❣í❛ ♠❡❝á♥✐❝❛ t♦t❛❧ ❞❡❧ s✐st❡♠❛ ❝✉❛♥❞♦ ❧❛ ❝❛❥❛ ❡stá ❡♥ ❧♦ ❛❧t♦✿

✷
 Ei = Ki + U i = 0 + U i = mgY

Ei = mgY

❞♦♥❞❡✿ m = 2.50kg ✱ g = 9.8 sm2 ② ♣❛r❛ ❨ ❞❡ t✐❡♥❡✿

Y
sin(30) =
0.850m

Y = sin(30) ∗ 0.850m = O.425m

r❡❡♠♣❧❛③❛♠♦s✿
Ei = mgY

m
Ei = 2.50kg ∗ 9.8 ∗ O.425m
s2

Ei = 10.4125J

❆❧ ❛♣❧✐❝❛r✿

1
△Emec = Ef − Ei = mv 2 − mgY = −Fk d
2 f
❛❧ r❡s♦❧✈❡r ♣❛r❛ vf2 s❡ t✐❡♥❡✿

2
vf2 = [mgY − Fk d]
m

2 h m i
vf2 = 2.50kg ∗ 9.8 2 ∗ O.425m − 3.80N ∗ 0.850m
2.50kg s

m2
vf2 = 5.746
s2

√ m m
vf = 5.746 = 2.39 ≈ 2.4
s s

m
RT A : A) → vf = 2.4
s
❇✮

✸
 ❊st❛ ♣❛rt❡ ❞❡❧ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠❛ s❡ ♠❛♥❡❥❛ ❡①❛❝t❛♠❡♥t❡ ✐❣✉❛❧ q✉❡ ❡❧ ✐♥❝✐s♦ ❆✮✱ ♣❡r♦
❡♥ ❡st❡ ❝❛s♦ s❡ ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r❛ q✉❡ ❧❛ ❡♥❡r❣í❛ ♠❡❝á♥✐❝❛ ❞❡❧ s✐st❡♠❛ ❝♦♥s✐st❡ só❧♦ ❡♥
❡♥❡r❣í❛ ❝✐♥ét✐❝❛✱ ♣♦rq✉❡ ❧❛ ❡♥❡r❣í❛ ♣♦t❡♥❝✐❛❧ ❞❡❧ s✐st❡♠❛ ♣❡r♠❛♥❡❝❡ ✜❥❛✳
❊✈❛❧ú❡ ❧❛ ❡♥❡r❣í❛ ♠❡❝á♥✐❝❛ ❞❡❧ s✐st❡♠❛ ❝✉❛♥❞♦ ❧❛ ❝❛❥❛ ❞❡❥❛ ❧❛ ♣❛rt❡ ❜❛❥❛ ❞❡
❧❛ r❛♠♣❛✿
1
Ei = Ek = mv 2
2

1h m i
Ei = 2.50kg ∗ (2.4 )2 = 7.2J
2 s
❆♣❧✐❝❛♥❞♦ ❧❛ ❡❝✉❛❝✐♦♥✿

△Emec = Ef − Ei

Ef − Ei = 0 − 7.2J = −Fk d

❞❡s♣❡❥❛♠♦s ❛ ❞ ❛s✐✿
−7.2J
d=
−Fk

7.2J 7.2J J
d= = = 1.6
Fk 4.50N N

❙✐ ✉♥ J = N ∗ m ❡♥t♦♥❝❡s J
N = N ∗m
N = m♣♦r ❧♦ t❛♥t♦ ❧❛ ❞✐st❛♥❝✐❛ ❡s✿

RT A : B) → d = 1.6m

❊❏❊❘❈■❈■❖ ✸✮ ❉♦s ♠❛s❛s ✉♥✐❞❛s ❡♥tr❡ sí ♣♦r ♠❡❞✐♦ ❞❡ ✉♥❛ ❝✉❡r❞❛ s✐♥ ♠❛s❛
q✉❡ ♣❛s❛ ♣♦r ✉♥❛ ♣♦❧❡❛ s✐♥ ❢r✐❝❝✐ó♥ ② ✉♥❛ ❝❧❛✈✐❥❛ s✐♥ ❢r✐❝❝✐ó♥✳ ❯♥ ❡①tr❡♠♦ ❞❡ ❧❛
❝✉❡r❞❛ ❡stá ✉♥✐❞❛ ❛ ✉♥❛ ♠❛s❛ ♠✶ ❞❡ ✹✳✺✵❑❣ q✉❡ ❡stá ❛ ✉♥❛ ❞✐st❛♥❝✐❛ ❘ ❂ ✶✱✵✵
♠ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❝❧❛✈✐❥❛✳ ❊❧ ♦tr♦ ❡①tr❡♠♦ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❝✉❡r❞❛ s❡ ❝♦♥❡❝t❛ ❛ ✉♥ ❜❧♦q✉❡ ❞❡ ♠❛s❛
♠✷ ✐❣✉❛❧ ❛ ✼✳✵✵ ❑❣ q✉❡ ❞❡s❝❛♥s❛ s♦❜r❡ ✉♥❛ ♠❡s❛✳ ➽❉❡s❞❡ q✉é á♥❣✉❧♦ ✭♠❡❞✐❞♦
❞❡s❞❡ ❡❧ ❡❥❡ ✈❡rt✐❝❛❧✮ ❞❡❜❡ s♦❧t❛rs❡ ❧❛ ♠❛s❛ ❞❡ ✹✳✺✵❑❣ ❝♦♥ ❡❧ ✜♥ ❞❡ q✉❡ s❡ ❧❡✈❛♥t❡
❞❡ ❧❛ ♠❡s❛ ❡❧ ❜❧♦q✉❡ ❞❡ ✼✳✵✵ ❑❣❄

❙❖▲❯❈■❖◆✿

❖❜s❡r✈❡♠♦s q✉❡ ❡❧ ♠♦✈✐♠✐❡♥t♦ ❝✐r❝✉❧❛r ❛❝❡❧❡r❛❞♦ ❞❡ ❧❛ ♠❛s❛ ✶ t❡♥❞rá ♠á①✐♠❛

✈❡❧♦❝✐❞❛❞ ❡♥ ❡❧ ♣✉♥t♦ ♠ás ❜❛❥♦ ❞❡ ❧❛ r❡❝♦rr✐❞❛✳ ❝♦♥ ✉♥ ❛♥❛❧✐s✐s ❞❡ ❡♠❡r❣✐❛s
♣♦❞❡♠♦s ❤❛❧❧❛r ❧❛ ✈❡❧♦❝✐❞❛❞ ♠❛①✐♠❛ ❛s✐✿

Ek = EP

✹
 1 1
mv 2 + mR2 ω 2 = mgh
2 2
v2
s✐ ω2 = R2 ✱ ② ❞❡s♣❡❥❛♥❞♦ ❧❛ ✈❡❧♦❝✐❞❛❞ s❡ t✐❡♥❡✿

1 1 v2
mv 2 + mR2 2 = mgh
2 2 R

1 1
mv 2 + mv 2 = mgh
2 2

mv 2 = mgh

v 2 = 2gh

p
v= 2gh

❊♥❡r❣í❛ ♣♦t❡♥❝✐❛❧ ♠✶ ❛❧③❛❞❛ ✉♥ ❛♥❣✉❧♦ θ ❂Ek ❛❧ ♣❛s❛r ♣♦r ❧❛ ♣❛rt❡ ✐♥❢❡r✐♦r✳

❧❛ ✈❡❧♦❝✐❞❛❞ ♠❛①✐♠❛ ❡s✿

2
Vmax = 2gR(1 − cosθ)

p
Vmax = 2gR(1 − cosθ)

❆❤♦r❛ ♠✐r❡♠♦s q✉❡ ❡♥ ❡❧ ♣✉♥t♦ ✐♥❢❡r✐♦r ❞❡❧ ❞❡s❝❡♥s♦✱ ❧❛ t❡♥s✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❝✉❡r❞❛

s❡ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❞rá ❞❡❧ ♣❡s♦ ♠✶ ❣ ♠❛s ❧❛ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❢✉❡r③❛ ❝❡♥trí♣❡t❛ ❞❛❞❛
2
♣♦r✿Fc = m vR ❛♠❜❛s ❢✉❡r③❛s s♦♥ ❝♦❧✐♥❡❛❧❡s ✭ ✈❡rt✐❝❛❧❡s ❞✐r✐❣✐❞❛s ❤❛❝✐❛ ❛❜❛❥♦✮ ✳
❙✉s ♠♦❞✉❧♦s ❧♦s ❡s❝r✐❜✐♠♦s ❛s✐✿

T = m1g + 2m1g(1 − cosθ)

♣❛r❛ ❤❛❧❧❛r ❡❧ ❛♥❣✉❧♦ θ❞❡❜❡♠♦s ✐❣✉❛❧❛r ❛ ♠✷❣ ♣❛r❛ q✉❡ ❝✉♠♣❧❛ ❧❛ ❝♦♥❞✐❝✐♦♥
❞❡ ❧❡✈❛♥t❛r ❧❛ ♦tr❛ ♠❛s❛✱ ② ♦❜t❡♥❡♠♦s✿

T = m1g + 2m1g(1 − cosθ) = m2g

m1g + 2m1g(1 − cosθ) = m2g

m1 + 2m1(1 − cosθ) = m2

m1 + 2m1 − 2m1cosθ = m2

✺
 3m1 − 2m1cosθ = m2

−2m1cosθ = m2 − 3m1

2m1cosθ = 3m1 − m2

(3m1 − m2)
cosθ =
2m1

(13.5 − 7)
cosθ =
9

13
cosθ =
18
♣♦r ❧♦ t❛♥t♦✿
 
13
θ = cos −1
18

θ = 43.76➦

❘❚❆✿ ❡❧ ❛♥❣✉❧♦ θq✉❡ s❡ r❡q✉✐❡r❡ ♣❛r❛ s♦❧t❛r ❛ ♠✶ ❝♦♥ ❡❧ ✜♥ ❞❡ q✉❡ ❧❡✈❛♥t❡

❧❛ ♠❛s❛ ♠✷ ❡s✿ θ = 43.76➦

❊❏❊❘❈■❈■❖ ✹✮ ❚r❡s ❝❛rr♦s ❞❡ ♠❛s❛s ✹✳✺✵ ❦❣✱ ✾✳✺✵ ❦❣ ② ✸✳✺✵ ❦❣✱ s❡ ♠✉❡✈❡♥
s♦❜r❡ ✉♥❛ ♣✐st❛ ❤♦r✐③♦♥t❛❧ s✐♥ ❢r✐❝❝✐ó♥ ❝♦♥ ♠❛❣♥✐t✉❞❡s ❞❡ ✈❡❧♦❝✐❞❛❞ ❞❡ ✹✳✵✵
♠✴s✱ ✺✳✵✵ ♠✴s ② ✲✻✳✵✵ ♠✴s✳ ❆❝♦♣❧❛❞♦r❡s ❞❡ ✈❡❧❝r♦ ❤❛❝❡♥ q✉❡ ❧♦s ❝❛rr♦s q✉❡❞❡♥
✉♥✐❞♦s ❞❡s♣✉és ❞❡ ❝❤♦❝❛r✳ ✭❛✮❊♥❝✉❡♥tr❡ ❧❛ ✈❡❧♦❝✐❞❛❞ ✜♥❛❧ ❞❡❧ tr❡♥ ❞❡ tr❡s ❝❛rr♦s✱
❛s✉♠✐❡♥❞♦ q✉❡ ❧♦s tr❡s ❜❧♦q✉❡s s❡ ❝❤♦❝❛♥ ❡♥tr❡ sí ❞❡ ♠❛♥❡r❛ s✐♠✉❧tá♥❡❛ ❜✮ ➽◗✉é
♣❛s❛rí❛ s✐✱ s✉ r❡s♣✉❡st❛ r❡q✉✐❡r❡ q✉❡ t♦❞♦s ❧♦s ❝❛rr♦s ❝❤♦q✉❡♥ ② s❡ ✉♥❛♥ ❡♥ ❡❧
♠✐s♠♦ ♠♦♠❡♥t♦❄ ➽◗✉é s✉❝❡❞❡rí❛ s✐ ❝❤♦❝❛♥ ❡♥ ❞✐❢❡r❡♥t❡ ♦r❞❡♥❄ Pr❡s❡♥t❡ ❞♦s
♣♦s✐❜❧❡s ❝❛s♦s ❞❡ ❝❤♦q✉❡s ❞✐❢❡r❡♥t❡s✱ ❡s ❞❡❝✐r✱ ❞♦s s✐t✉❛❝✐♦♥❡s ❡♥ ❧❛s q✉❡ ❡❧ ♦r❞❡♥
❞❡❧ ❝❤♦q✉❡ ❡♥tr❡ ❧♦s tr❡s ❜❧♦q✉❡s s❡❛ ❞✐❢❡r❡♥t❡✳

❙❖▲❯❈■❖◆✿

❈♦♠♦ s❡ ❝♦♥s❡r✈❛ ❧❛ ❝❛♥t✐❞❛❞ ❞❡ ♠♦✈✐♠✐❡♥t♦ t❡♥❡♠♦s✿

Pi = Pf

mi vi = mf vf

✻
 m1 v1 + m2 v2 + m3 v3 = m1 vf + m1 vf + m1 vf

vf (m1 + m2 + m2 ) = m1 v1 + m2 v2 + m3 v3

(m1 v1 + m2 v2 + m3 v3 )
vf =
m1 + m 2 + m 2
r❡♠♠♣❧❛③❛♠♦s t❡r♠✐♥♦s✿
(4.50kg ∗ 4.00m/s + 9.50kg ∗ 5.00m/s + 3.50kg ∗ −6.00m/s)
vf =
(4.50kg + 9.50kg + 3.50kg)

(18kgm/s + 47.5kgm/s − 21kgm/s)

vf =
(17.5kg)

(44.5kgm/s)
vf =
17.5kg
♣♦r ❧♦ t❛♥t♦ ❧❛ ✈❡❧♦❝✐❞❛❞ ✜♥❛❧ ❞❡ ❧♦s tr❡s ❝❛rr♦s ❡s✿
89
vf = m/s ≈ 2, 54m/s
35
❙✐ ❧♦s ❝❛rr♦s s❡ ✉♥❡♥ s✐♠✉❧tá♥❡❛♠❡♥t❡ ♦ ♥♦✱ ❧❛ r❡s♣✉❡st❛ ✜♥❛❧ s❡rí❛ ❧❛ ♠✐s♠❛✳
❙♦❧❛♠❡♥t❡ q✉❡ s✐ ❧♦s ❝❤♦q✉❡s ♥♦ s♦♥ s✐♠✉❧tá♥❡♦s ❤❛② q✉❡ ❡st✉❞✐❛r ❡❧ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠❛
❡♥ ❧❛ ♠✐s♠❛ s❡❝✉❡♥❝✐❛ ❞❡ ❧♦s ❝❤♦q✉❡s✱ ♣❡r♦ r❡♣✐t♦✱ ❧❛ r❡s♣✉❡st❛ ✜♥❛❧ s❡rá ❧❛
♠✐s♠❛✳

❊❏❊❘❈■❈■❖ ✺✮ ❯♥❛ ❜♦❧❛ ❞❡ ❜✐❧❧❛r q✉❡ s❡ ♠✉❡✈❡ ❛ ✹✳✺✵ ♠✴s ❣♦❧♣❡❛ ✉♥❛ ❜♦❧❛
✜❥❛✱ ❝✉②❛ ♠❛s❛ ❡s ❧❛ ✹✴✸ ❞❡ ❧❛ ♠❛s❛ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❜♦❧❛ ❡♥ ♠♦✈✐♠✐❡♥t♦✳ ❉❡s♣✉és ❞❡
❧❛ ❝♦❧✐s✐ó♥✱ ❧❛ ♣r✐♠❡r❛ ❜♦❧❛ s❡ ♠✉❡✈❡✱ ❛ ✺✳✵✵ ♠✴s✱ ❡♥ ✉♥ á♥❣✉❧♦ ❞❡ ✸✵✳✵➦ ❝♦♥
r❡s♣❡❝t♦ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❧í♥❡❛ ❞❡ ♠♦✈✐♠✐❡♥t♦ ♦r✐❣✐♥❛❧✳ ❙✐ s✉♣♦♥❡ ✉♥❛ ❝♦❧✐s✐ó♥ ❡❧ást✐❝❛
✭✐❣♥♦r❡ ❧❛ ❢r✐❝❝✐ó♥ ② ❡❧ ♠♦✈✐♠✐❡♥t♦ r♦t❛❝✐♦♥❛❧✮✱ ❡♥❝✉❡♥tr❡ ❧❛ ✈❡❧♦❝✐❞❛❞ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❜♦❧❛
❣♦❧♣❡❛❞❛ ❞❡s♣✉és ❞❡ ❧❛ ❝♦❧✐s✐ó♥✳

❙❖▲❯❈■❖◆✿

❞❡❜✐❞♦ ❛ q✉❡ ❡s ✉♥❛ ❝♦❧✐s✐♦♥ ❡❧❛st✐❝❛✱ ❞❡✜♥✐♠♦s ❧❛s ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✐♥✈♦❧✉❝r❛❞❛s ❛♥t❡s
② ❞❡s♣✉❡s ❞❡ ❧❛ ❝♦❧✐s✐♦♥✿
❆◆❚❊❙✿
v1a = 4, 5m/s
m1 = M
v1b = 0m/s

✼
 m2 = 34 M
❉❊❙P❯❊❙✿

v2a = 5m/s30➦
v2b =?
❛♥❛❧✐s✐s ❞❡ ♠♦✈✐♠✐❡♥t♦s✿

❆♥t❡s ❞❡ ❧❛ ❝♦❧✐s✐♦♥ t❡♥❡♠♦s✿

4
Pi = M v1a + M v1b
3
❝♦♠♦ v1b = 0m/s ❡♥t♦♥❝❡s t❡♥❡♠♦s q✉❡ ❛♥t❡s ❞❡❧ ❝❤♦q✉❡ ❡❧ ♠♦♠❡♥t✉♥ ♦

❝❛♥t✐❞❛❞ ❞❡ ♠♦✈✐♠✐❡♥t♦ ❡s✿

Pi = M v1a

Pi = M 4, 5m/s

② ❡❧ ♠♦✈✐♠✐❡♥t♦ ❡♥ ❡❧ ❡❥❡ ② ❛♥t❡s ❞❡ ❧❛ ❝♦❧✐s✐♦♥ ❡s ❝❡r♦✳

❛❤♦r❛ ❡❧ ♠♦✈✐♠✐❡♥t♦ ❞❡ ❧❛s ❞♦s ♠❛s❛s ❞❡s♣✉❡s ❞❡ ❧❛ ❝♦❧✐s✐♦♥✿

v2a = v2a cos30 → v2a = 5m/s

v2b = v2b cosθ
m2a = M
m2b = 34 M
❧❛ ❝❛♥t✐❞❛❞ ❞❡ ♠♦✈✐♠✐❡♥t♦ ❞❡s♣✉❡s ❞❡❧ ❝❤♦q✉❡ ❡s✿

Pf = P2a + P2b

4
Pf = M v2a cos30 + M v2b cosθ
3

m 4
Pf = M 5.0 cos30 + M v2b cosθ
s 3

√
5 3 4
Pf = M m/s + M v2b cosθ
2 3
❝♦♠♦ ❡❧ s✐st❡♠❛ s❡ ❝♦♥s❡r✈❛ s❡ t✐❡♥❡✿

Pi = Pf

4
M v1a + M v1b = P2a + P2b
3

4
M v1a = M v2a cos30 + M v2b cosθ
3

✽
 √
5 3 4
M 4, 5m/s = M m/s + M v2b cosθ
2 3
❞❡s♣❡❥❛♠♦s v2b cosθ② t❡♥❡♠♦s✿
√
5 3 4
M 4, 5m/s − M m/s = M v2b cosθ
2 3

√
4 9−5 3
M v2b cosθ = M m/s
3 2

√
3M 9 − 5 3
v2b cosθ = m/s
4M 2

√
27 − 15 3
v2b cosθ = m/s −→ (1)
8
❛❤♦r❛ ❡❧ ♠♦✈✐♠✐❡♥t♦ ❡♥ ❡❧ ❡❥❡ ② ❞❡s♣✉❡s ❞❡ ❧❛ ❝♦❧✐s✐♦♥✿
v2ay = v2a sen30−→q✉❡ ❡s ❧❛ ✈❡❧♦❝✐❞❛❞ ✜♥❛❧ ❞❡ ❧❛ ♠❛s❛ ✶ ② ✷ ❞❡s♣✉❡s ❞❡ ❧❛
❝♦❧✐s✐♦♥✳
v2by = v2b senθ
4
Pf y = M v2ay + M v2by
3

4
Pf y = M v2a sen30 + M v2b senθ
3
❝♦♠♦✿
Pf y = Piy

② Piy = 0 ❡♥t♦♥❝❡s t❡♥❡♠♦s✿

Pf y = 0

4
M v2a sen30 + M v2b senθ = 0
3

4
M 5m/ssen30 + M v2b senθ = 0
3

5 4
M m/s + M v2b senθ = 0
2 3

✾
 4 5
M v2b senθ = −M m/s
3 2

3M 5
v2b senθ = − m/s
4M 2

15
v2b senθ = − m/s −→ (2)
8
❞✐✈✐❞✐♠♦s ❛ ✭✶✮②✭✷✮ ② t❡♥❡♦s✿

v2b senθ − 15
8 m/s
= √
v2b cosθ 27−15 3
m/s
8

√

45 + 25 3
tanθ = −
6

√
!
45 + 25 3
θ = tan −1
−
6

θ ≈ −86.11➦

❛❤♦r❛ ♣❛r❛ ❤❛❧❧❛r ❧❛ ✈❡❧♦❝✐❞❛ ♣❛rt✐♦s ❞❡✿

√
27 − 15 3
v2b cosθ = m/s
8

√
27 − 15 3
v2b = m/s
8cosθ

√
27 − 15 3
v2b = m/s
8cos(−86.11)

v2b ≈ 1.878m/s

❘❚❆✿ ♣♦r ❧♦ t❛♥t♦ ❧❛ ✈❡❧♦❝✐❞❛❞ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❜♦❧❛ ❣♦❧♣❡❛❞❛ ❞❡s♣✉❡s ❞❡❧ ❝❤♦q✉❡ ❡s ✿

v2b ≈ 1.878m/s

✶✵
❊❏❊❘❈■❈■❖ ✻✮ ▲❛ ♠❛s❛ ❞❡❧ ❞✐s❝♦ ❛③✉❧ ❡♥ ❧❛ ✜❣✉r❛ ❡s ✷✵✳✵✪ ♠❛②♦r q✉❡ ❧❛
♠❛s❛ ❞❡❧ ❞✐s❝♦ ✈❡r❞❡✳ ❆♥t❡s ❞❡ ❝❤♦❝❛r✱ ❧♦s ❞✐s❝♦s s❡ ❛♣r♦①✐♠❛♥ ♠✉t✉❛♠❡♥t❡
❝♦♥ ❝❛♥t✐❞❛❞❡s ❞❡ ♠♦✈✐♠✐❡♥t♦ ❞❡ ✐❣✉❛❧ ♠❛❣♥✐t✉❞ ② ❞✐r❡❝❝✐♦♥❡s ♦♣✉❡st❛s✱ ② ❡❧
❞✐s❝♦ ✈❡r❞❡ t✐❡♥❡ ✉♥❛ r❛♣✐❞❡③ ✐♥✐❝✐❛❧ ❞❡ ✶✵✳✵ ♠✴s✳ ❊♥❝✉❡♥tr❡ ❧❛ r❛♣✐❞❡③ q✉❡ t✐❡♥❡
❝❛❞❛ ❞✐s❝♦ ❞❡s♣✉és ❞❡ ❧❛ ❝♦❧✐s✐ó♥✱ s✐ ❧❛ ♠✐t❛❞ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❡♥❡r❣í❛ ❝✐♥ét✐❝❛ ❞❡❧ s✐st❡♠❛
s❡ ❝♦♥✈✐❡rt❡ ❡♥ ❡♥❡r❣í❛ ✐♥t❡r♥❛ ❞✉r❛♥t❡ ❧❛ ❝♦❧✐s✐ó♥✳

❙❖▲❯❈■❖◆✿

❆♥t❡s ❞❡❧ ❝❤♦q✉❡ ❡❧ ▼♦♠❡♥t✉♥ t♦t❛❧ ❝❡r♦✿

Pantes = MA vA + MB vB = 0

MA vA = −MB vB

1.2MB vA = −MB vB

1
vA = −MB vB
1.2MB

vB
vA = −
1.2

−10m/s
vA =
1.2

vA = −8.33m/s

❞❡s♣✉❡s ❞❡❧ ❝❤♦q✉❡ ❡❧ ♠♦♠❡♥t✉ ♦ ❧❛ ❝❛♥t✐❞❛❞ ❞❡ ♠♦✈✐♠✐❡♥t♦ ❡s ❝❡r♦ ❡♥ ① ② ✿

Pdespues = 0

Px = MA vA cos30 + MB vB cos30 = 0

Px = 1.2MB vA cos30 + MB vB cos30 = 0

1.2MB vA cos30 = −MB vB cos30

−MB vB cos30
vA =
1.2MB cos30

✶✶
 vB
vA = −
1.2
❙❡ ♣✐❡r❞❡ ❧❛ ♠✐t❛❞ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❡♥❡r❣í❛✱ ❧❛ ❊♥❡r❣í❛ ❝✐♥ét✐❝❛ ❛♥t❡s ② ❞❡s♣✉és ❞❡❧

❝❤♦q✉❡✿

1 2 1 2
Ec,ant = MA vA,ant + MB vB,ant
2 2

1 h v
B,ant
i2 1
2
Ec,ant = 1.2MB − + MB vB,ant
2 1.2 2

 
1 2 1
Ec,ant = MB vB,ant +1
2 1.2

 
1 2 11
Ec,ant = MB vB,ant
2 6

11 2
Ec,ant = MB vB,ant
12
② ❧❛ ❡♥❡r❣✐❛ ❝✐♥❡t✐❝❛ ❞❡s♣✉❡s ❡s✿

1 2 1 2
Ec,des = MA vA,des + MB vB,des
2 2

1 h v
B,des
i2 1
2
Ec,des = 1.2MB − + MB vB,des
2 1.2 2

 
1 2 1
Ec,des = MB vB,des +1
2 1.2

 
1 2 11
Ec,des = MB vB,des
2 6

11 2
Ec,des = MB vB,des
12
♣♦r ❧♦ t❛♥t♦ ❝♦♥❝❧✉✐♠♦s q✉❡✿

1
Ec,des = Ec,ant
2

✶✷
  
11 2 1 11 2
MB vB,des = MB,ant vB,ant
12 2 12

♣♦r ❧♦ t❛♥t♦
2 1 2
vB,des = v
2 B,ant

r
1 2
vB,des = v
2 B,ant

r
1
vB,des = vB,ant = 7, 07m/s
2

vB,ant
vA,des = = 5, 89m/s
1.2

❊❏❊❘❈■❈■❖ ✼✮ ❙❡ ✈❡rt✐ó ♠❡r❝✉r✐♦ ❡♥ ✉♥ t✉❜♦ ❡♥ ❯ ❝♦♠♦ s❡ ♠✉❡str❛ ❡♥

❧❛ ✜❣✉r❛✭❛✮✳ ❊❧ ❜r❛③♦ ✐③q✉✐❡r❞♦ ❞❡❧ t✉❜♦ t✐❡♥❡ s❡❝❝✐ó♥ tr❛♥s✈❡rs❛❧ ❆✶ ár❡❛ ❞❡
✶✵✱✵ ❝♠➨✱ ② ❡❧ ❜r❛③♦ ❞❡r❡❝❤♦ t✐❡♥❡ ✉♥ ár❡❛ ❞❡ s❡❝❝✐ó♥ tr❛♥s✈❡rs❛❧ ❆✷ ❞❡ ✺✱✵✵
❝♠➨✳ ❉❡s♣✉és s❡ ✈✐❡rt❡♥ ✶✵✵ ❣r❛♠♦s ❞❡ ❛❣✉❛ ❞❡ ♠❛r ❡♥ ❡❧ ❜r❛③♦ ❞❡r❡❝❤♦ ❝♦♠♦
❡♥ ❧❛ ✜❣✉r❛ ✭❜✮✳ ❛✮ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❛r ❧❛ ❧♦♥❣✐t✉❞ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❝♦❧✉♠♥❛ ❞❡ ❛❣✉❛ ❡♥ ❡❧ ❜r❛③♦
❞❡r❡❝❤♦ ❞❡❧ t✉❜♦ ❡♥ ❯✳ ❜✮ ❉❛❞♦ q✉❡ ❧❛ ❞❡♥s✐❞❛❞ ❞❡❧ ♠❡r❝✉r✐♦ ❡s ✶✸✱✻ ❣✴❝♠➩✱
➽q✉é ❞✐st❛♥❝✐❛ ❤ s❛❧❡ ❡❧ ♠❡r❝✉r✐♦ ❡♥ ❡❧ ❜r❛③♦ ✐③q✉✐❡r❞♦❄

❙❖▲❯❈■❖◆✿

❙❛❜✐❡♥❞♦ q✉❡ ❧❛ ❞❡♥s✐❞❛❞ ❞❡❧ ❛❣✉❛ ❡s ρe = 1.00 g/cm3 ✱ ❧❛ ❛❧t✉r❛ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❝♦❧✉♠♥❛

❞❡ ❛❣✉❛ ♣✉❡❞❡ ❝❛❧❝✉❧❛rs❡ ❡♥ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ s✉ ♠❛s❛ ② ❧❛ s❡❝❝✐ó♥ ❞❡❧ t✉❜♦ ❞❡ ❧❛
❞❡r❡❝❤❛ ❛s✐✿
ma
ma = ρaV a = ρaA2ha ⇒ ha = = 20.0 cm
ρa A 2
◆✉♠❡r❛♠♦s ❧♦s ♥✐✈❡❧❡s ❞❡ ❧❛ ✜❣✉r❛✱ ❞❡ ♠♦❞♦ q✉❡ ❡❧ ♥✐✈❡❧ ✶ ❝♦rr❡s♣♦♥❞❡ ❛ ❧❛
❛❧t✉r❛ ❞❡❧ ♠❡r❝✉r✐♦ ❡♥ ❡❧ t✉❜♦ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❞❡r❡❝❤❛✱ ❡❧ ♥✐✈❡❧ ✷ ❡s ❧❛ ❛❧t✉r❛ ♦r✐❣✐♥❛❧ ❞❡❧
♠❡r❝✉r✐♦ ❛♥t❡s ❞❡ ❛ñ❛❞✐r ❡❧ ❛❣✉❛✱ ❡❧ ✸ ❝♦rr❡s♣♦♥❞❡ ❛ ❧❛ ❛❧t✉r❛ ❞❡❧ ♠❡r❝✉r✐♦ ❡♥
❡❧ t✉❜♦ ❞❡ ❧❛ ✐③q✉✐❡r❞❛ ② ❡❧ ✹ ❡s ❧❛ s✉♣❡r✜❝✐❡ ❧✐❜r❡ ❞❡ ❧❛ s✉♣❡r✜❝✐❡ ❞❡ ❛❣✉❛ ❡♥ ❡❧
t✉❜♦ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❞❡r❡❝❤❛✳ ❊♥ ❛♠❜❛s s✉♣❡r✜❝✐❡s ❧✐❜r❡s✱ ❧❛ ❞❡❧ ♠❡r❝✉r✐♦ ❛ ❧❛ ✐③q✉✐❡r❞❛
✭♥✐✈❡❧ ✸✮ ② ❧❛ ❞❡ ❛❣✉❛ ❛ ❧❛ ❞❡r❡❝❤❛ ✭♥✐✈❡❧ ✹✮ ❧❛ ♣r❡s✐ó♥ ❡❥❡r❝✐❞❛ s♦❜r❡ ❡❧❧❛s ❡s
❧❛ ❛t♠♦s❢ér✐❝❛✱ P0 ✳ ❊❧ ♣r✐♥❝✐♣✐♦ ❞❡ P❛s❝❛❧ ✐♠♣❧✐❝❛ q✉❡ ❧♦s ♣✉♥t♦s ❞❡ ✉♥ ♠✐s♠♦
❧íq✉✐❞♦ ❛ ❧❛ ♠✐s♠❛ ❛❧t✉r❛ r❡s♣❡❝t♦ ❛ ❧❛ ❣r❛✈❡❞❛❞ ❡stá♥ ❛ ❧❛ ♠✐s♠❛ ♣r❡s✐ó♥✳
P♦❞❡♠♦s ❛♣❧✐❝❛r ❡st❡ ♣r✐♥❝✐♣✐♦ ❛❧ ♥✐✈❡❧ ✶✳ ❊♥ ❡❧ t✉❜♦ ❞❡ ❧❛ ✐③q✉✐❡r❞❛ ❧❛ ♣r❡s✐ó♥
s❡ ❞❡❜❡ ❛ ❧❛ ♣r❡s✐ó♥ ❛t♠♦s❢ér✐❝❛ ② ❧❛ ❝♦❧✉♠♥❛ ❞❡ ♠❡r❝✉r✐♦ ❞❡s❞❡ ❧❛ s✉♣❡r✜❝✐❡

✶✸
❧✐❜r❡ ❤❛st❛ ❧❛ ❛❧t✉r❛ ✶✳ ❊♥ ❡❧ t✉❜♦ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❞❡r❡❝❤❛ ❧❛ ♣r❡s✐ó♥ ❡s ❧❛ s✉♠❛ ❞❡ ❧❛
♣r❡s✐ó♥ ❛t♠♦s❢ér✐❝❛ ② ❧❛ ❡❥❡r❝✐❞❛ ♣♦r ❧❛ ❝♦❧✉♠♥❛ ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❛ ❞❡ ❛❣✉❛✳ ❆sí✿

P1 (izq) = P0 + ρHg g h13

P1 (der) = P0 + ρa g ha

P1 (izq) = P1 (der)

ρa
⇒ h13 = ha = 1.47 cm → longuitu de agua en el brazo derecho
ρHg

P♦r ♦tr♦ ❧❛❞♦✱ ❡❧ ❛✉♠❡♥t♦ ❞❡ ♥✐✈❡❧ ❞❡ ♠❡r❝✉r✐♦ ❡♥ ❧❛ ✐③q✉✐❡r❞❛✱ h = h23✱s❡

❞❡❜❡ ❛❧ tr❛s✈❛s❡ ❞❡ ✈♦❧✉♠❡♥ ❞❡ ♠❡r❝✉r✐♦ ❞❡s❞❡ ❡❧ t✉❜♦ ❞❡r❡❝❤♦✳ ❈♦♠♦ ❡❧ ❧íq✉✐❞♦
❡s ✐♥❝♦♠♣r❡s✐❜❧❡ ❡❧ ✈♦❧✉♠❡♥ s❡ ❝♦♥s❡r✈❛✱ ② ❡♥t♦♥❝❡s✿

A1h23 = A2h12

A1 A1
⇒ h12 = h23 = h
A2 A2
❛❤♦r❛ ♦❜s❡r✈❛♠♦s q✉❡✿

h13 = h12 + h23 = h12 + h

❙✉st✐t✉②❡♥❞♦ ❧❛s ❡①♣r❡s✐♦♥❡s ❛♥t❡r✐♦r❡s t❡♥❡♠♦s✿

ρa A1
ha = h+h
ρHg A2

ρa
ρHg
h = h23 = h = 0.490 cm
A1 a
1+
A2
❆❤♦r❛ ♣♦❞❡♠♦s ❝❛❧❝✉❧❛r ❧❛ ❞✐❢❡r❡♥❝✐❛ ❞❡ ❛❧t✉r❛s ❡♥tr❡ ❧❛s s✉♣❡r✜❝✐❡s ❧✐❜r❡s
❞❡ ❛♠❜♦s t✉❜♦s t❡♥❡♠♦s✿
ρa
ha = h14 = h13 + h34 = ha + h34
ρHg

 
ρa
h34 = 1− ha = 18.5 cm → distanciaquesaledelmercurioenelbrazoizquierdo..
ρHg

✶✹
❊❏❊❘❈■❈■❖ ✽✮ ❊❧ r❡s♦rt❡ ❞❡❧ ✐♥❞✐❝❛❞♦r ❞❡ ♣r❡s✐ó♥ ♠♦str❛❞♦ ❡♥ ❧❛ ✜❣✉r❛
t✐❡♥❡ ✉♥❛ ❝♦♥st❛♥t❡ ❞❡ ❡❧❛st✐❝✐❞❛❞ ❞❡ ✶ ✵✵✵ ◆ ✴ ♠✱ ② ❡❧ ♣✐stó♥ t✐❡♥❡ ✉♥ ❞✐á♠❡tr♦
❞❡ ✷✱✵✵ ❝♠✳ ❆ ♠❡❞✐❞❛ q✉❡ ❡❧ ♠❡❞✐❞♦r s❡ ❜❛❥❛ ❡♥ ❡❧ ❛❣✉❛✱ ❡❧ ❝❛♠❜✐♦ ❡♥ ❧❛
♣r♦❢✉♥❞✐❞❛❞ ❤❛❝❡ q✉❡ ❡❧ ♣✐stó♥ s❡ ♠✉❡✈❛ ❡♥ ♣♦r ✵✳✺✵✵ ❝♠ ➽◗✉é t❛♥t♦ ❞❡s❝❡♥❞✐ó
❡❧ ♣✐stó♥❄

❙❖▲❯❈■❖◆✿

❙✐ ❡❧ r❡s♦rt❡ s❡ ❝♦♠♣r✐♠❡ ✵✱✺✵✵ ❝♠ ✭✵✱✵✵✺ ♠✮✱ ❧❛❢✉❡r❛ q✉❡ ❛❝t✉❛ s♦❜r❡ ❡st❡ t✐❡♥❡
✉♥ ✈❛❧♦r ❞❡✿
F = 1000N/m ∗ O, OO5m = 5N

s✐ ❡❧ ❞✐❛♠❡tr♦ ❞❡❧ ♣✐❡st♦♥ ❡s ❞❡ ✷❝♠ ② ❡❧ r❛❞✐♦ ♠✐❞❡ ✶❝♠✱ ❡♥t♦♥❝❡s ❡❧ ❛r❡❛

❞❡❧ ♣✐st♦♥ s❡r❛✿
π 2
A= d
4

π
A= (0.02)2
4

π
A= 4 ∗ 10−4
4

A = π ∗ 10−4 m2 → area del piston

❝♦♠♦ ❧❛ r❡❧❛❝✐♦♥ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❢✉❡r③❛ q✉❡ ❛❝t✉❛ s♦❜r❡ ❡❧ ♣✐st♦♥ ② ❡❧ ❛r❡❛ ❡s ♣r❡s✐s❛✲

♠❡♥t❡ ❧❛ ♣r❡s✐♦♥ ❡♥ ❡❧ ♣✐st♦♥✱ ❧♦ ❝✉❛❧ ❡st❛ ♣r❡s✐♦♥ t✐❡♥❡ ✉♥ ✈❛❧♦r ❞❡✿
F
P = → presion
A

5N
P =
π ∗ 10−4 m2

P = 15915.49431pa

P = 1.6 ∗ 104 pa

❛❤♦r❛ ❧❛ ♣r❡s✐♦♥ ❤✐❞r♦st❛t✐❝❛ ❞❡❜✐❞♦ ❛ ❧❛ ♣r♦❢✉♥❞✐❞❛❞ ❤✱ ❝♦♦ s❡ tr❛t❛ ❞❡❧ ❛❣✉❛

❧❛ ❞❡♥s✐❞❛❞ ✈❛❧❡ ρe = 1000 kg/m3 ❡♥t♦♥❝❡s ❧❛ ♣r❡s✐♦♥ ❤✐❞r♦st❛t✐❝❛ ❡s✿

P = dgh

✶✺
 P
h=
dg

1.6 ∗ 104 pa
h=
1000kg/m3 9.8m/s2

❡♥t♦♥❝❡s ❤ t✐❡♥❡ ✉♥ ✈❛❧♦r ❞❡✿

80
h= m ≈ 1.6m
49

❊❏❊❘❈■❈■❖ ✾✮ ❊♥ ✉♥❛ ❝❛s❛ ❡♥tr❛ ❛❣✉❛ ♣♦r ✉♥ t✉❜♦ ❝♦♥ ❞✐á♠❡tr♦ ✐♥t❡r✐♦r
❞❡ ✶✳✽ ❝♠ ❛ ✉♥❛ ♣r❡s✐ó♥ ❛❜s♦❧✉t❛ ❞❡ ✸✳✽Ö✶✵❫✺ P❛ ✳ ❯♥ t✉❜♦ ❞❡ ✶✳✷ ❝♠ ❞❡
❞✐á♠❡tr♦ ✈❛ ❛❧ ❝✉❛rt♦ ❞❡ ❜❛ñ♦ ❞❡❧ s❡❣✉♥❞♦ ♣✐s♦✱ ✹✳✷ ♠ ♠ás ❛rr✐❜❛✳ ▲❛ r❛♣✐❞❡③
❞❡ ✢✉❥♦ ❡♥ ❡❧ t✉❜♦ ❞❡ ❡♥tr❛❞❛ ❡s ❞❡ ✶✳✽ ♠✴s✳ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ ✭❛✮ ❧❛ r❛♣✐❞❡③ ❞❡ ✢✉❥♦✱ ✭❜✮
❧❛ ♣r❡s✐ó♥ ② ✭❝✮ ❧❛ t❛s❛ ❞❡ ✢✉❥♦ ❞❡ ✈♦❧✉♠❡♥ ❡♥ ❡❧ ❝✉❛rt♦ ❞❡ ❜❛ñ♦✳

❙❖▲❯❈■❖◆✿

s✐ t♦❞❛ ❡❧ ❛❣✉❛ q✉❡ ❡♥tr❛ ❡stá ②❡♥❞♦ ❛❧ ❜❛ñ♦ ✭❧❛s ❧❧❛✈❡s ❞❡ ♣❛s♦ ② ✉s♦ ❞❡❧ ❛❣✉❛
❡♥ ♦tr❛s ♣❛rt❡s ❞❡ ❧❛ ❝❛s❛ ❡stá♥ ❝❡rr❛❞❛s✮✳
② s✐ s❡❛ ✈ ❧❛ ✈❡❧♦❝✐❞❛❞ ❡♥ ♠✴s ② s❡❛ ❆ ❡❧ ár❡❛ tr❛♥s✈❡rs❛❧ ❞❡ ❧❛ t✉❜❡rí❛ ② ✉♥
❝❛✉❞❛❧ ◗✱ ❡♥t♦♥❝❡s t❡♥❡♠♦s✿

Q=v∗A

❡♥t♦♥❝❡s ❡❧ ❛r❡❛ s❡r❛✿

A = πr2

②r= 1.8cm
2 = 0, 9cm = 0, 009m r❡❡♠♣❧❛③❛♠♦s

A = π(0, 009m)2

A = 2.54 ∗ 10−4 m2

♣♦r ❧♦ t♥t♦ ❡❧ ❝❛✉❞❛❧ ❞❡ ❡♥tr❛❞❛ ◗ s❡r❛✿

Q = vA

Q = 1.8m/s. ∗ 2.54 ∗ 10−4 m2

Q = 4, 58 ∗ 10−4 m3 /s

✶✻
 ❡♥t♦♥❝❡s ❡❧ ❝❛✉❞❛❧ ❡♥ ❡❧ ❜❛ñ♦ ❡s ❞❡ Q = 4, 58 ∗ 10−4 m3 /s ② ♣♦r ❝♦♥s✐❣✉✐❡♥t❡
❧❛ ✈❡❧♦❝✐❞❛❞ ❞❡ ❧❛ t✉❜❡r✐❛ ❡♥ ❡❧ ❜❛ñ♦ s❡r❛✿

Q = vA

Q
v=
A

4, 58 ∗ 10−4 m3 /s
v=
π(0, 006m)2

v = 4, 05m/s

❧❛ ♣r❡s✐♦♥ ❡♥ ❧❛ t✉❜❡r✐❛ ❞❡❧ ❜❛ñ♦ ✉s❛♥❞♦ ❧❛ ❡❝✉❛❝✐♦♥ ❞❡ ❜❡r♥♦✉❧❧✐ s❡r❛✿

V 2ρ
+ P + ρgz = cte
2

[P/dg]enelbaño = [zentrada−zbaño]+[v 2 entrada−v 2 baño]/2g+[P entrada]/dg

d = densidaddelagua = 1000kg/m3
g = 9.8m/s2

[P/dg]enelbaño = [0−4]m+[(1, 80m/s)2 −(4, 05m/s)2 ]/2g+[3, 8∗105 N/m2 ]/(1000kg/m3 ∗g)

P enelbaño = 34.11m ∗ 1000kg/m3 ∗ 9, 8m/s2 = 334278Oa = 3, 34 ∗ 105 P a

Pbaño = 3, 34 ∗ 105 P a

❇■❇▲■❖●❘❆❋■❆
❼ ❋ís✐❝❛ ♣❛r❛ ❝✐❡♥❝✐❛s ❡ ✐♥❣❡♥✐❡rí❛ ❙❡r✇❛②✲❏❡✇❡tt ✼♠❛ ❊❞✳ ❱♦❧ ✶

❼ ❤tt♣s✿✴✴✇✇✇✳❜♦✉♥❞❧❡ss✳❝♦♠✴♣❤②s✐❝s✴t❡①t❜♦♦❦s✴❜♦✉♥❞❧❡ss

✶✼