PROJECTION OF POINTS

1. Draw the projections of the following points on the same XY line, keeping convenient
distance between each projector. Name the quadrants in which they lie. A - 30 mm
above HP and 35 mm infront of VP. B - 35 mm above HP and 40 mm behind VP. C -
40 mm above HP and on VP. D - 35 mm below HP and 30 mm infront of VP.

2. A point P is on HP and 35 mm in front of VP. Another Point Q is on VP and below HP.

The line joining their front Views make an angle of 30 deg. to XY line, while the line
joining their top views makes an angle of 45 deg With XY line. Find the distance of the
point Q from HP.

3. Two points R and S are on HP. The point R is 35 mm in front of VP, while S is 50 mm
behind VP. The line joining their top views makes an angle of 40 deg. with XY. Find
the horizontal distance between the two projectors.

4. A Point P is on HP and 30 mm in front of VP. Another point Q is on VP and 40 mm

above HP. The distance between their projectors parallel to XY line is 50 mm. Find the
distance between their front and top views of the points P and Q.

5. A Point R is 25 mm above HP & 20mm infront of VP. Another point S is on HP and 30

mm behind VP. The distance between their projectors measures parallel to the line of
intersection of VP and HP is 50mm. Find the distance between the top views of points
R and S.

6. A point P is 30 mm in front of VP, 40 mm above HP and 50 mm from RPP. Draw its

projections.

7. A point P is 45 mm above HP, 60 mm behind VP and 30 mm from RPP. Draw the

three principles view of the point. Also state the quadrant in which it lies.

1
8. Draw all the three views of a point P lying 60 mm below HP, 70 mm in front of VP and
40 mm from the RPP. Also state the quadrant in which it lies.

9. A point is 30 mm in front of VP, 20 mm above HP and 25 mm in front / behind from

LPP. Draw its projection and name the side view

10. A point is 40 mm behind VP, 15 mm above HP and 25 mm in front / behind /from LPP.
Draw its projections and name the side view

2
 PROJECTION OF LINES
1. A line AB 80 mm long has its end A 20 mm above HP and 30 mm in front of VP It is
inclined at 30 deg. to HP and 45 deg. to VP. Draw the projections of the line and find
apparent lengths and apparent inclinations.

2. A line AB 80 mm long is inclined to HP at 30 deg. and inclined to VP at 45 deg. Draw

front and top views of line and determine their lengths. Also measure the perpendicular
distance of end B from both HP and VP

3. A line AB has its end A 20 mm above HP and 30 mm in front of VP. The other end B is
60 mm above HP and 45 mm in front of VP. The distance between end projectors is 70
mm. Draw its projections. Determine the true length and apparent inclinations.

4. A line AB has its end A 20 mm above HP and 15 mm in front of VP. The other end B is
60 mm above HP and 45 mm in front of VP. The distance between end projectors is 70
mm. Draw its projections. Determine the apparent lengths and true inclinations.

5. A line PQ 85 mm long has its end P 10 mm above HP and 15 mm in front of VP. The
top view and front view of line PQ are 75 mm and 80 mm respectively. Draw its
projections. Also determine the true and apparent inclinations of the line.

6. The top view of a line 75 mm long measures 50 mm. The end P is 30 mm in front of VP
and 15 mm above HP. The ends Q is 15 mm in front of VP and above HP. Draw the
projections of the line and find its true inclinations with HP and VP.

7. A line AB 60 mm long has one of its extremities 20 mm in front of VP and 15 mm

above HP. The line is inclined at 25 deg. to HP and 40 deg. to VP. Draw its top and
front views.

3
8. The distance between the end projectors through the end points of a line AB is 60 mm.
The end A 10 mm above HP and 15 mm in front of VP. The end B is 35 mm in front of
VP. The line AB appears 70 mm long in the front view. Complete the projections. Find
the true length of the line and its inclination with HP and VP.

9. The top view of a 75 mm long line AB measures 65 mm, while the front view is 50
mm. Its one end A is in the HP and 12 mm in front of VP. Draw the projections of AB
and determine its inclinations with HP and VP.

10. A line AB, 65 mm long, has its end A 20 mm above HP and 25 mm in front of VP. The
end B is 40 mm above HP and 65 mm in front of VP. Draw the projections of AB and
show its inclination with the HP and VP.

11. A straight line PQ 65 mm long is inclined at 45 deg. to HP and 30 deg. to VP. The point
P is 70 mm from both the reference planes and the point Q is towards the reference
planes. Draw the projections.

12. A point P is 40 mm above HP and 20 mm in front of VP another point Q is 20 mm

above HP and 50 mm in front of VP. The top view of line PQ is inclined at 30 deg. to
XY. Draw the projections.

13. The top view of a line PQ is 70 mm and front view is 60 mm long. The end Q is nearer
to both HP and VP than the end P and is 15 mm above HP and 20 mm in front of VP.
Draw the projections of the line if the distance between projectors is 50 mm.

14. Draw the projections of a line AB 100 mm long inclined at 45 deg. to VP and 30 deg. to
HP. One end of the line is 20 mm above HP and in VP. Determine apparent lengths and
inclinations.

15. One end of a line is 30 mm in front of VP and 30 mm above HP. The line is inclined at
40 deg. to HP and its top view measuring 60 mm is inclined at 50 deg. to XY. Draw the
projections of the line and determine true length and inclination with VP.

4
 PROJECTION OF PLANES

1. An equilateral triangular lamina of 25 mm sides lies with one of its edges on HP

such that the surface of the lamina is inclined to HP at 60 deg. The edge on which it
rests is inclined to VP at 60 deg. Draw its projections.

2. A Triangular plane lamina of sides 25 mm is resting on HP with one of its corners

touching it, such that the side opposite to the corner on which it rests is 15 mm
above HP and makes an angle of 30 deg. with VP. Draw the top and front views in
this position. Also determine the inclination of the lamina to the reference plane.

3. An equilateral triangular lamina of 25 mm sides lies on one of its sides on HP, The
lamina makes 45 deg. with HP and one of its medians is inclined at 40 deg. to VP.

4. A square plate of 30 mm sides rests on HP such that one of the diagonals is inclined
at 30 deg. to HP and 45 deg to VP. Draw its projections.

5. A square lamina of 40 mm side rests on one of its sides on HP. The lamina makes 30
deg. to HP and the side on which it rests makes 45 deg. to VP. Draw its projections.

6. A square lamina ABCD of 40 mm side rests on corner À' such that diagonal AC
appears to be at 45 deg. to VP. The two sides BC and CD containing the corner C
make equal inclination with HP. The surface of the lamina makes 30 deg. with HP.
Draw its top and front views.

7. A pentagonal lamina of edges 25 mm is resting on HP with one of its sides such that
the surface makes an angle of 60 deg. with HP. The edge on which it rests is inclined
at 45 deg. to VP. Draw its projections.

8. Pentagonal lamina of edges 25 mm is resting on HP with one of its corners such that
the plane surface makes an angle of 60 deg with HP. The two of the edges
containing the corner on which the lamina rests make equal inclinations with HP.
5
 When the edge opposite to the corner makes an angle of 45 deg. with VP and nearer
to the observer, draw the top and front views of the plane lamina in this position.

9. A pentagonal lamina of edges 25 mm resting on VP with one of its sides such that
the surface makes an angle of 60 deg. with VP. The edge on which it rests in
inclined at 45 deg. to HP. Draw its projections.

10. A pentagonal lamina having edges 25 mm is placed on one of its corners on HP such
that the perpendicular bisector of the edge passing through the corners on which the
lamina rests is inclined at 30 deg to HP and 45 deg. to VP. Draw the top and front
views of the lamina.

11. A hexagonal lamina of sides 25 mm rests on one of its sides on HP. The lamina
makes 45 deg. to HP and the side on which it rests makes 30 deg. to VP. Draw its
projections.

12. A hexagonal lamina of sides 25 mm rests on one of its corners on HP. The lamina
makes 45 deg. to HP and the diagonal passing through the corner on which it rests
appears to be inclined at 30 deg. to VP. Draw its projections.

13. A hexagonal lamina of sides 25 mm rests on one of its sides on VP. The lamina
makes 45 deg. to VP and the side on which it rests 45 deg. to HP. Draw its
projections

14. A hexagonal lamina of sides 25 mm rests on one of its corners on HP. The lamina
makes 45 deg. to HP and the diagonal passing through the corner on which it rests is
inclined at 30 deg. to VP. Draw its projections.

15. Draw the projections of a circular plate of negligible thickness of 50 mm diameter

resting on HP on a point a on the circumference, with its plane inclined at 45 deg. to
HP and the top view of the diameter passing through the resting point makes 60
deg. with VP.

16. A circular lamina of 50 mm diameter rests on HP such that one of its diameters is
inclined at 30 deg. to VP and 45 deg. to HP. Draw its top and front views in this
position.

17. A circular lamina of 30 mm diameter rests on VP such that one of its diameters is
inclined at 30 deg. to VP and 45 deg. to HP. Draw its top and front view in this
position.

6
18. An isosceles triangular plate of negligible thickness has base 25 mm long and
altitude 35 mm it is placed on HP such that in the front view is seen as an equilateral
triangle of 25 mm sides with the side that is parallel to VP in inclined at 45 deg. to
HP. Draw its top and front views. Also determine the inclination of the plate with the
reference plane.

19. The top view of a square lamina of side 30 mm is a rectangle of sides 30 mm X 20

mm with a longer side of the rectangle being parallel to both HP and VP. Draw the
top and front views of the square lamina. What is the inclination of the lamina with
HP and VP?

20. The front view of a rectangular lamina of sides 30 mm X 20 mm is square of 20 mm

sides. Draw the Projections and determine the inclination of the surface of the
lamina with HP and VP.

21. A circular lamina of 50 mm diameter is standing with one of its points on the rim on
HP and the lamina inclined at 45 deg. to HP. The diameter at right angle to the
diameter which is passing through the point on which the lamina rests is parallel to
VP. Draw its projection.

22. A regular hexagonal lamina of sides 25 mm is lying in such a way that one of its
sides on HP while the side opposite to the side on which it rests on VP. If the lamina
makes 60 deg. to HP. Draw the projections of the lamina.

23. A regular hexagonal lamina of side 25 mm is lying in such a way that one of its
corners on HP while the corner opposite to the corner on which it rests on VP. If the
lamina makes 60 deg. to HP. Draw the projections of the lamina.
24. A pentagonal lamina of sides 25 mm is resting on one of its edges on HP with the
corner opposite to that edge touching VP. This edge is parallel to VP and the corner,
which touches VP is at a height of 15 mm above HP. Draw the projections of the
lamina and determine the inclination of the lamina with HP and VP and the
distance at which the parallel edge lies from VP.

25. A regular pentagonal lamina of 25 mm side is resting on one of its sides on HP while
the corner opposite to this side touches VP. If the lamina makes an angle of 60 deg.
with HP and 30 deg with VP, Draw the projections of the lamina.

7
 PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

Projection of pyramids
1. A pentagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
corners of the base such that the two base edges containing the corner on which it rests
make equal inclinations with HP. Draw the projection of the pyramid when the axis of the
pyramid is inclined to HP at 40° and to VP at 30°.

2. A pentagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
corners of the base such that the two base edges containing the corner on which it rests
make equal inclinations with HP. Draw the projection of the pyramid when the axis of the
pyramid is inclined to HP at 40° and appears to be inclined to VP at 45°.

3. A pentagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
edges of the base. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to HP at
45° and VP at 30°.

4. A pentagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
edges of the base which is inclined to VP at 30°. Draw the projections of the pyramid
when the axis is inclined to HP at 40°.

5. A hexagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
corners of the base such that the two base edges containing the corner on which it rests
make equal inclinations with HP. Draw the projection of the pyramid when the axis of the
pyramid is inclined to HP at 40° and to VP at 30°.

6. A hexagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
corners of the base such that the two base edges containing the corner on which it rests

8
 make equal inclinations with HP. Draw the projection of the pyramid when the axis of the
pyramid is inclined to HP at 40° and appears to be inclined to VP at 45°.

7. A hexagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
edges of the base. Draw the projection of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to HP at
45° and to VP at 30°.

8. A hexagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
edges of the base which is inclined to VP at 30°. Draw the projection of the pyramid when
the axis is inclined to HP at 45°.

9. A square pyramid 35mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
corners of the base such that the two base edges containing the corner on which it rests
make equal inclinations with HP. Draw the projection of the pyramid when the axis of the
pyramid is inclined to HP at 40° and to VP at 30°.

10. A square pyramid 35mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
corners of the base such that the two base edges containing the corner on which it rests
make equal inclinations with HP. Draw the projection of the pyramid when the axis of the
pyramid is inclined to HP at 40° and appears to be inclined to VP at 45°.

11. A square pyramid 35mm sides of base and 65mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
edges of the base. Draw the projection of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to HP at
45° and to VP at 30°.

12. A square pyramid 35mm sides of base and 65mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
edges of the base which is inclined to VP at 30°. Draw the projection of the pyramid when
the axis is inclined to HP at 45°.

Projection of pyramids (slant edge, slant triangular face)

13. A pentagonal pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of
its slant edges. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to VP at 45°.

14. A pentagonal pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of
its slant edges. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis appears to be inclined to
VP at 45°.

9
15. A pentagonal pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of
its slant triangular faces. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to
VP at 45°.

16. A pentagonal pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of
its slant triangular faces. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis appears to be
inclined to VP at 45°.

17. A hexagonal pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of
its slant edges. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to VP at 45°.

18. A hexagonal pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of
its slant edges. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis appears to be inclined to
VP at 45°.

19. A hexagonal pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of
its slant triangular faces. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to
VP at 45°.

20. A hexagonal pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of
its slant triangular faces. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis appears to be
inclined to VP at 45°.

21. A square pyramid 35 mm sides of base and 60 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
slant edges. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to VP at 45°.

22. A square pyramid 35 mm sides of base and 60 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
slant edges. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis appears to be inclined to
VP at 45°.

23. A square pyramid 35 mm sides of base and 60 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
slant triangular faces. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to VP
at 45°.

24. A square pyramid 35 mm sides of base and 60 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
slant triangular faces. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis appears to be
inclined to VP at 45°.

Projection of tetrahedron

10
25. A tetrahedron of sides 40 mm is resting on one of its sides on HP. This side is parallel to
VP and 40 mm away from it. It is tilted about resting side such that the base containing
this edge is inclined at 30° to HP. Draw the projections of the solid.

26. A tetrahedron of sides 55 mm rests on one of its corners such that an edge containing
that corner is inclined to HP at 50° and VP at 30°. Draw its projection.

Projections of cones
27. A cone of base dia. 40 mm and axis length 50 mm is resting on HP on a point on the
circumference of its base such that its apex is at 40 mm above the HP and its top view of the
axis inclined at 60° to VP. Draw the top and front views of the solid. Also, determine the
inclinations of the axis when the base is nearer to the observer.

28. A cone of 50 mm base diameter and 60 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
generators. Draw its projections when the axis is inclined to VP at 30°.

Freely suspended pyramids

29. A square pyramid 35 mm sides of base and 60 mm axis length is suspended freely from
a corner of its base. Draw its projections of the pyramid when the axis appears to be inclined
to VP at 45°.

30. A square pyramid of base sides 30 mm and height 45 mm is suspended by a thread tied
to one of the corners of its base. It is then tilted such that the axis makes an angle of 45° with
respect to the VP. Considering the apex of the solid to be nearer to the observer, draw the
projections of the solid.

31. A pentagonal pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length is suspended freely
from a corner of its base. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis appears to be
inclined to VP at 45°.

32. A hexagonal pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length is suspended freely
from a corner of its base. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis appears to be
inclined to VP at 45°.

Projections of prisms

11
33. A pentagonal prism 25 mm sides of base and 60 mm axis length rests on HP on one of
its corners of the base such that the two base edges containing the corner on which it rests
make equal inclinations with HP. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis of the
prism is inclined to HP at 40° and to VP at 30°.

34. A pentagonal prism 25 mm sides of base and 60 mm axis length rests on HP on one of
its corners of the base such that the two base edges containing the corner on which it rests
make equal inclinations with HP. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis of the
prism is inclined to HP at 40° and appears to be inclined to VP at 45°.

35. A pentagonal prism of base side 25 mm and height 50 mm axis length is resting on HP
on one of its base corners such that the top most edge is at a distance of 60 mm above HP.
Draw its projections, when its top view of the axis is inclined at 45° to VP. Also determine the
inclination of the longer edge of the prism to HP which contains the resting corner.

36. A pentagonal prism 25 mm sides of base and 60 mm axis length rests on HP on one of
its edges of the base. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis inclined to HP at 40°
and VP at 30°.

37. A pentagonal prism 25 mm sides of base and 60 mm axis length rests on HP on one of
its edges of the base which is inclined to VP at 30°. Draw the projections of the prism when
the axis is inclined to HP at 40°.

38. A hexagonal prism 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of
its corners of the base such that the two base edges containing the corner on which it rests
make equal inclinations with HP. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis of the
prism is inclined to HP at 40° and to VP at 30°.

39. A hexagonal prism 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of
its corners of the base such that the two base edges containing the corner on which it rests
make equal inclinations with HP. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis of the
prism is inclined to HP at 40° and appears to be inclined to VP at 45°.

40. A hexagonal prism 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of
its edges of the base. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis inclined to HP at 45°
and VP at 30°.

41. A hexagonal prism 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of
its edges. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis is inclined to HP at 45° and
appears to be inclined to VP at 40°.

12
42. A square prism 35 mm sides of base and 60 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
corners of the base such that the two base edges containing the corner on which it rests make
equal inclinations with HP. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis of the prism is
inclined to HP at 40° and to VP at 30°.

43. A square prism 35 mm sides of base and 60 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
corners of the base such that the two base edges containing the corner on which it rests make
equal inclinations with HP. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis of the prism is
inclined to HP at 40° and appears to be inclined to VP at 45°.

44. A square prism 35 mm sides of base and 60 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
edges of the base. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis inclined to HP at 45° and
VP at 30°.

45. A square prism 35 mm sides of base and 60 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
edges of the base which is inclined to VP at 30°. Draw the projections of the prism when the
axis is inclined to HP at 45°.

Projection of cube or hexahedron

46. A cube of 40 mm sides rests on HP on an edge which is inclined to VP at 30°. Draw
the projections when the lateral square containing the edge on which it rests makes an angle of
50° to HP.

47. A hexahedron of 30 mm sides is resting on one of its corners on HP such that one of
its solid diagonals is perpendicular to VP. Draw the projections of the solid.

Freely suspended prisms

48. A pentagonal prism 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length is suspended freely
from one of its corners. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis appears to be
inclined to VP at 45°.

49. A hexagonal prism 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length is suspended freely
from one of its corners. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis appears to be
inclined to VP at 45°.

13
50. A square prism 35 mm sides of base and 60 mm axis length is suspended freely from
one of its corners. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis appears to be inclined to
VP at 45°.

14
 DEVELOPMENT OF LATERAL SURFACES
DEVELOPMENT OF PRISMS
1. A square prism of base side 35 mm and height
50 mm rests with its base on HP and two faces
equally inclined to VP. Draw the development of
the lateral surfaces of the retained portions of the
cut prism shown by dark lines in the fig 01.

FIG 01
2. A square prism of 30 mm side of the base and
height 50 mm is resting with its base on HP such
that one of its vertical faces is inclined at 40 deg. to
VP. It is cut as shown in the following front view fig
02. Draw the development of the lateral surface of
the prism.
FIG 02
3. A pentagonal prism of base sides 20 mm and
height 40 mm is resting with its base on HP and the
base edge parallel to VP. The prism is cut as shown
in the following front view shown in fig 03. Draw
the development of the lateral surface of the prism.

FIG 03
9 11
4. A triangular prism with one of its rectangular
faces parallel to VP and nearer to it is cut as shown
in fig 04. Draw the development of the retained
portions of the prism which are shown in dark lines.

FIG 04
5. A hexagonal prism of base side 25 mm and
height 55 mm is resting on HP on its base such that
one of its base edges is parallel to VP. The prism is
cut in this position as shown in the following front
view shown in fig 05. Draw the development of the
lateral surface of the prism.
FIG 05
6. A hexagonal prism of base side 20 mm and
height 50 mm is resting on HP on its base, such that
one of its base edges are parallel to VP. The prism is
cut in this position as shown in the following front
 DEVELOPMENT OF LATERAL SURFACES
view as shown in fig 06. Draw the development of
the lateral surface of the prism.
FIG 06
DEVELOPMENT OF PRISMS
7. A square prism of base side 30 mm and axis length 60 mm is resting on HP on its base
with all the vertical faces being equally inclined to VP. It is cut by an inclined plane 60 deg to HP
and perpendicular to VP and is passing through a point on the axis at a distance 50 mm from
the base. Draw the development of the lower portion of the prism.

8. A square prism of base side 40 mm and axis length 65 mm is resting on HP on its base
with all the vertical faces being equally inclined to VP. It is cut by an inclined plane 60 deg to HP
and perpendicular to VP and is passing through a point on the axis at a distance 15 mm from the
top face. Draw the development of the lower portion of the prism.

9. A cube of side 40 mm is resting on HP such that one of its vertical faces is inclined at 30 deg
to VP It is cut by a section plane perpendicular to VP, inclined to HP at an angle 45 deg and passes
through the mid point of the axis. Draw the development of thelower lateral surface of the cube.

10. A rectangular prism of base 40 mm x 25 mm and height 65 mm rests on HP on its base with
the longer base side inclined at 30 deg. to VP.It is cut by a plane inclined at 40 deg. to HP
perpendicular to VP cuts the axis at its mid height. Draw the development of the remaining portion
of the prism.

11. A pentagonal prism of base side 30 mm and axis length 60 mm rests with its base on HP and
an edge of the base inclined at 45 deg. to VP. It is cut by a plane perpendicular to VP, inclined at 40
deg. to HP and passing through a point on the axis, at a distance of 30 mm from the base. Develop
the remaining surface of the truncated prism.
12. A rectangular prism of base side 25 mm x 40 mm and axis length 65 mm is resting on HP on
its base with longer side of base inclined at 30 deg to VP. It is cut by a plane inclined at 40 deg. to
HP and perpendicular to VP and passes through the extreme left corner of base. Draw the
development of the lateral surface of the remaining portion of the prism.
13. A regular pentagonal prism of height 60 mm and base edge 30 mm rests with its base on HP.
The vertical face closest to VP is 30 deg to it. Draw the development of the truncated prism with its
truncated surface inclined at 60 deg. to its axis and bisecting it.

14. A rectangular prism of base 30 mm X 20 mm and height 60 mm rests on HP on its base with
longer base side inclined at 40 deg to VP. It is cut by a plane inclined at 45 deg. to HP,
perpendicular to VP and bisects the axis. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the prism.

15. A pentagonal prism of 30 mm side of base and height 50 mm lies with its base on HP such
that one of the rectangular faces is inclined at 40 deg. to VP. It is cut to the shape of a truncated
prism with the truncated surface inclined at 30 deg. to the axis so as to pass through a point on it 30
mm above the base. Develop the truncated portion of the prism so as to produce a one piece
development.
 DEVELOPMENT OF LATERAL SURFACES
16. Draw the development of the truncated portion of the lateral faces of the pentagonal prism
of 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm height standing vertically with one of its rectangular faces
parallel to VP and nearer to it so as to produce a one piece development.The inclined face of the
truncated prism is 30 deg. to its axis passes through the right extreme corner of the top face of the
prism.

DEVELOPMENT OF CONE
17. A right cone of 60 mm diameter of base and 75 mm height stands on its base on HP.It is cut to
the shape of a truncated cone with its truncated surface inclined at 45 deg to the axis lying at a
distance of 40 mm from the apex of the cone. Obtain the development of the lateral surface of the
truncated cone.
DEVELOPMENT OF LATERAL SURFACES
 DEVELOPMENT OF LATERAL SURFACES
DEVELOPMENT OF PYRAMIDS
24. A pentagonal pyramid of 30 mm edges of
base and 50 mm height rests vertically with
one of its edges parallel to VP and nearer to
it. It is cut as shown in following fig 13. Draw
the
development of the lateral surfaces of the
upper portion of the pyramid. FIG 13
25. A hexagonal pyramid of 30 mm sides of
base with a side of base parallel to VP. Draw
the development of the lateral surfaces of the
retained portion of the pyramid which is
shown by dark lines in
the following fig 14. FIG 14

26. A hexagonal pyramid of 30 mm base

sides with a side of base parallel to VP. Draw
the development of the lateral surfaces of the
retained portions of the pyramid cut by two
perpendicular planes
shown by dark lines in the fig 15. FIG 15 60

27. A pentagonal pyramid, 30 mm sides with

a side of base perpendicular to VP. Draw the
development of the lateral surfaces of the
retained portion of the pyramid shown in
dark lines in the following fig 16.
FIG 16

28. A rectangular pyramid, side of base 25

mm X 40 mm and height 50 mm has one of
the sides of the base is inclined at 30 deg. to
the VP. Draw the development of the lateral
surface of the cut pyramid whose front view
is as shown in fig 17. FIG 17
 DEVELOPMENT OF LATERAL SURFACES
29. A regular pentagonal pyramid of side of base 35
mm and altitude 65 mm has its base on HP with a
side of base perpendicular to VP. The pyramid is cut
by a section plane perpendicular to the VP and
inclined at 30 deg. to HP. The cutting plane meets
the axis of the pyramid at a point 30 mm below the
vertex. Obtain the development of the remaining
part of the pyramid.
DEVELOPMENT OF PYRAMIDS

30. A square pyramid base 40 mm side and axis 65 mm long has its base on HP and all the edges
of the base are equally inclined to VP. It is cut to with an inclined section plane so as the truncated
surface at 45 deg. to its axis bisecting it. Draw the development of the truncated pyramid.

31. A square pyramid of 25 mm base edge and 50 mm height rests with its base on HP with all of
its edges equally inclined to VP. It is cut by a plane perpendicular to VP and inclined to HP at 60
deg., passing through the extreme right corner. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the
pyramid.
32. A square pyramid of side of base 45 mm, altitude 70 mm is resting with its base on HP with
two sides of the base parallel to VP. The pyramid is cut by a section plane which is perpendicular to
the VP and inclined at 40 deg. to the HP. The cutting plane bisects the axis of the pyramid. Obtain
the development of the lateral surfaces of the truncated pyramid.
33. A hexagonal pyramid 25 mm side of base and axis 65 mm long resting on its base on HP with
one of the edges parallel to VP. It is cut by a vertical section plane at a distance of 8 mm from the
axis towards right side. Develop the lateral surface of the left part of the pyramid.

34. A hexagonal pyramid, base side 25 mm and height 60 mm, is resting with its base on HP and
an edge of base inclined at 40 deg. to VP. It is cut to the shape of the truncated pyramid with the
truncated surface indicated in the front view at a point on the axis 20 mm from the apex and
inclined to 40 deg. to XY. Draw the projections and show the development of the lateral surface of
the remaining portion of the pyramid.
35. A hexagonal pyramid of sides 35 mm and altitude 65 mm is resting on HP on its base with
two of the base sides perpendicular to VP. The pyramid is cut by a plane inclined at 30 deg. to HP
and perpendicular to VP and is intersecting the axis at 30 mm above the base. Draw the
development of the remaining portion of the pyramid.
DEVELOPMENT OF CYLINDERS
36. A vertical cylinder of base diameter 45 mm and axis length 60 mm is cut by a plane
perpendicular to VP and inclined at 50 deg. to HP,is passing through the centre point of the top
face. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the cylinder

37. A vertical cylinder of base diameter 50 mm and axis length 60 mm is cut by two planes which
are perpendicular to VP and inclined at 45 deg. to HP and passing through either side the centre
point of the top face. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the cylinder
 DEVELOPMENT OF LATERAL SURFACES
38. Draw the development of the lateral surface of a truncated vertical cylinder, 40 mm diameter
of base and height 50 mm, the truncated flat surface of the cylinder bisects the axis at 60 deg. to it.

39. Develop the lateral surface of the cylinder of 40

mm diameter and height 60 mm which is cut in the
following way fig 18.

FIG 18
DEVELOPMENT OF LATERAL SURFACES
 DEVELOPMENT OF LATERAL SURFACES
DEVELOPMENT OF FUNNEL
45. Draw the development of the lateral surface of a funnel consisting of a cylinder
and a frustum of a cone.The diameter of the cylinder is 20 mm and top face diameter
of the funnel is 80 mm. The height of frustum and cylinder are equal to 60 mm and
40 mm respectively.
46. A funnel is to be made of sheet metal. The funnel tapers from 40 mm to 20 mm
diameter to a height of 20 mm and from 20 mm to 15 mm diameter,for the next 20
mm height. The bottom of the funnel is beveled off to a plane inclined at 45 deg. to
the axis. Draw the development of the funnel
47. A funnel is made of sheet metal. The funnel tapers from 60 mm to 30 mm
diameters to a height of 25 mm and then forms to a cylinder with a height of 50 mm.
Bottom of funnel is beveled off completely at an angle of 45 deg. to axis. Draw the
development of funnel.
DEVELOPMENT OF HOPPER
48. A frustum of a pentagonal pyramid smaller base sides 16 mm and bigger top
face sides 32 mm and height 40 mm is resting on the HP on its smaller base, with one
of its base sides parallel to the VP. Draw the projections of the frustum and develop
the lateral surface it.
49. The inside of a hopper of flour mill is to be lined with thin sheet. The top and
bottom of the hopper is a regular pentagon with each side equal to 30 mm and 22.5
mm respectivelyThe height of the hopper is 30 mm. Draw the shape of the sheet to
which it is to be cut so as to fit into the hopper.
50. A frustum of a square pyramid has its base 40 mm sides top 16 mm sides and
height 60 mm, its axis is vertical and a side of its base is parallel to VPDraw the
projections of the frustum and show the development of the lateral surfaces of it.
 ISOMETRIC PROJECTION
1. A sphere of diameter 50 mm rests centrally on top of a cube of sides 50 mm. Draw the
isometric projections of the combination of solids.

2. A hemisphere of 40 mm diameter is supported co-axially on the vertex of a cone of base

diameter 60 mm length 50 mm. The flat circular face of the hemisphere is facing upside. Draw
the isometric projection of the combination of solids.

3. Draw the isometric projection of a rectangular prism of 60 x 80 x 20 mm thick surmounting a

tetrahedron of sides 45 mm such that the axes of the solids are collinear and atleast one of the
edges of both the solids is parallel to VP.

4. Following figure shows the top view of a cylinder which is centrally mounted on a frustum of a
pentagonal pyramid of 60 mm height. Draw the isometric projection of the combination of
solids.

5. Following figure shows the front view of combination of solids consisting a cut sphere and
frustum of a cone and a square pyramid. Draw the Isometric projection of the combination of
solids.

6. The frustum of a square pyramid of sides 40 mm and height 60 mm rest on the centre of the
top of a square block of side 60 mm and height 20 mm. The base edges of the pyramid are
parallel to the top edges of the square block. Draw the isometric projection of the combination
of the solids.

7. A square pyramid of base side 40 mm and height 70 mm rests symmetrically on a cube of edge
50 mm, which itself is placed on a cylinder of diameter 80 mm and thickness 30 mm. Draw the
isometric projection of the solids. if the axes of the three solids are in common line.

8. A regular pentagonal prism of base edge 30 mm and axis 60 mm is mounted centrally over a
cylindrical block of 80 mm diameter and 25 mm thick. Draw isometric projection of the
combined solids.
9. A sphere of diameter 30 mm rests on the frustum of a hexagonal pyramid base 30 mm, top
face 18 mm side and height 50 mm, such that their axes coincide. Draw the Isometric
projection of the combined solids.
10. A pentagonal pyramid of base side 30 mm and axis length 60 mm is resting on HP on its
base with a side of base perpendicular to VP. Draw its projections.

11. Draw isometric projection of a hexagonal prism of side of base 40 mm and height 60
mm with a right circular cone of base 40 mm as diameter and altitude 50 mm, resting on its top
such that the axes of both the solids are collinear.

12. A cone of base diameter 30 mm and height 40 mm rests centrally over a cube of side 50
mm. Draw the isometric projection of the combination of solids.

13. A cone of base diameter 40 mm and height 50 mm rests centrally over a frustum of a
pentagonal pyramid of base side 45 mm and top side 35 mm and height 55 mm. Draw

Isometric projections of the solids.

14. A sphere of diameter 45 mm rests centrally over a frustum of cone of base diameter 60
mm, top diameter 40 mm and height 60 mm. Draw its isometric projections.

15. A hemisphere of diameter 50 mm is centrally resting on top of a square prism of base

side 60 mm and height 30 mm such that the curved surface of hemisphere is touching the top
face of the prism. Draw the isometric projections.

16. Draw the isometric projection of the combination of solids formed by a frustum of cone
and co-axial frustum of pentagonal pyramid. The lower frustum of cone is of 80 mm base
diameter, 60 mm top diameter and height 25 mm, the upper frustum of pyramid is of 30 mm
side of base, 20 mm side of top face and height 40 mm.

17. A cone of base diameter 50 mm and height 40 mm is placed centrally on the top face of
a square slab - 80 mm and height 20 mm. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.
18. A rectangular pyramid of base - 40 mm X 25 mm and height 50 mm is placed centrally
on a cylindrical slab of diameter 100 mm and thickness - 30 mm. Draw the isometric projection
of the combination.

19. A rectangular pyramid of base - 40 mm X 25 mm and height 50 mm is placed centrally

on a rectangular slab sides 100 mm X 60 mm and thickness - 20 mm. Draw the isometric
projection of the combination.

20. A square prism base side - 40 mm, height 50 mm is placed centrally on a cylindrical slab
of diameter 100 mm and thickness 30 mm. Draw the isometric projection of the
combination.
21.A square prism base side - 40 mm, height 50 mm is placed centrally on a rectangular slab sides
100 mm X 60 mm and thickness 20 mm. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.

22.A frustum of cone base diameter 50 mm, top diameter 25 mm and height 50 mm is placed
centrally on a cylindrical slab of diameter 100 mm and thickness 30 mm. Draw the isometric
projection of the combination.

23. A frustum of cone base diameter 50 mm, top diameter 25 mm and height 50 mm is placed
centrally on a square slab side 80 mm and thickness - 30 mm. Draw the isometric projection of
the combination.

24. A frustum of cone base diameter 50 mm, top diameter 25 mm and height 50 mm is placed
centrally on the top face of a cylinder diameter 60 mm and height 60 mm. Draw the isometric
projection of the combination.

25. A hemisphere diameter 50 mm is resting on its curved surface centrally on the top face of
frustum of a rectangular pyramid base - 80 mm X 60 mm and top - 60 mm X 40 mm, height
55 mm. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.

26. A hemisphere diameter 70 mm is placed on the ground on its curved surface, A cone base
diameter 70 mm and height 70 mm is placed centrally on it. Draw the isometric projection of
the combination.
27. Following figure shows the front and side views of solid. Draw the isometric projection of the
solid.

28. Following figure shows the front and side views of solid. Draw the isometric projection of the
solid.

29. Following figure shows the front and side views of solid. Draw the Isometric projection of the
solid.

30. Following figure shows the front and top views of solid. Draw the Isometric projection of the
solid.

31. Following figure shows the front and top views of solid. Draw the Isometric projection of the
solid.

32. Following figure shows the front and side views of solid. Draw the isometric projection of the
solid.
33.A sphere diameter 60 mm is placed centrally on the top face of a square prism side - 60 mm
and height 70 mm. Draw the Isometric projection of the combination.

34.A sphere of 60 mm is placed centrally on the top face of a hexagonal prism side - 35 mm and
height 50 mm. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.

35. A pentagonal pyramid base side - 25 mm and height 65 mm is placed centrally on a rectangular
slab 100 mm X 60 mm and 20 mm thick. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.

36. A cone base diameter 45 mm and height 65 mm and height 65 mm is placed centrally on the
top face of a pentagonal prism side 45 mm and height 35 mm. Draw the isometric projection
of the combination.

37. A sphere diameter 40 mm is placed centrally on the flat face of a hemisphere diameter 60 mm.
Draw the isometric projection of the combination.
38. A cone of base diameter 60 mm, top diameter 40 mm and height 50 mm is placed centrally on
frustum of a square pyramid base side 100 mm top face side - 60 mm and height 20 mm. Draw
the isometric projection of the combination.

39. A frustum of a square pyramid base side - 40 mm, top face side - 20 mm and height 40 mm is
placed centrally on frustum of a cone base diameter 80 mm, top diameter 60 mm and height 20
mm. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.

40. A triangular pyramid base side - 40 mm and height 50 mm is placed centrally on a square slab
side - 80 mm and 20 mm thick. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.

41. A cube of side - 25 mm is resting centrally on a rectangular slab 100 mm X 40 mm and 30 mm

thick. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.

42. Two rectangular plates are placed centrally with dimensions (lxbxh) 100 mm X 60 mm X 20
mm and 100 mm X 40 mm X 20 mm such that longer edges are parallel. Draw the isometric
projection of the combination.

43. A cube of side - 40 mm is resting centrally on a hexagonal prism base side - 40 mm and height
50 mm, such that one of the base sides of the cube is parallel to one of the sides of the top face
of the prism. Draw the Isometric projection of the combination.
44.A triangular prism base side - 30 mm and length - 70 mm is resting on its rectangular face on
top of a square slab side - 70 mm and 25 mm thick. Draw the isometric projection of the
combination.

45. A square prism of base side - 30 mm and length - 70 mm, is resting on its rectangular face on
top of a square slab side - 70 mm and 25 mm thick. Draw the isometric projection of the
combination.

46. Three rectangular slabs (lxbxh) 100 mm X 60 mm X 20 mm, 100 mm X 40 mm X 20 mm and

100 mm X 20 mm X 20 mm are placed one above the other in the ascending order of their
width - b, such that their longer axes are co-planar. Draw the isometric projection of the
combination.
47. Three cubes of sides 60 mm, 40 mm and 20 mm are placed centrally one above the other in the
ascending order of their side. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.

48. A cone of base diameter 50 mm and height 60 mm is placed centrally on an equilateral

triangular prism of side - 100 mm and 20 mm thick. Draw the isometric projection of the
combination.

49. A square prism side - 40 mm and height 70 mm has a full depth co-axial square hole side 20
mm such that the edges of both the squares are parallel. Draw the isometric projection of the
combination.

50. A rectangular slab base - 100 mm X 80 mm and height 30 mm has a full depth co-axial square
hole side 40 mm, such that one of the sides of the square is parallel to one of the sides of the
rectangle. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.