MEK425: Group Assignment

Car Parking Counter

Bil Name ID

1 AZRAN AMIN BIN JOHARIMI 2022917361

2 DIANA QISTINA BINTI MOHD 2022961623

SHAHRIR
3 MUHAMAD SOLEHAN BIN 2022946851
MUHAMAD NAZRI
4 MUHAMMAD IRFAN BIN MOHD 2022970895
FAISHALL

Lecturer Name: Miss Harnani Hassan

Due :12 August 2022

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Contents
Abstract .............................................................................................................................................3

Introduction ......................................................................................................................................3

Project Background ..........................................................................................................................4

Methodology ........................................................................................................................................

Flowchart & Coding......................................................................................................................5

Circuit Diagram.............................................................................................................................6

Simulation Result and Discussion ...................................................................................................9

Conclusion .......................................................................................................................................13

Reference .........................................................................................................................................14

Appendices ......................................................................................................................................15

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Abstract

This study suggests an Internet of Things (IoT) based Car Parking Management System that is
designed to show the available or vacant parking space. It incorporates an IR sensor, LCD screen,
and a nodeMCU microcontroller. The LCD panel is used to show the driver the available parking
space once the IR sensor determines whether or not a car has entered the parking space. The data
on the LCD panel is updated continuously as the parking spaces are continuously checked. The
Internet of Things (IoT) technology was used to construct the suggested parking system, which is
low-cost, effective, and efficient. The proposed parking system's primary goal is to make it easier
for vehicles to locate open parking spaces. Additionally, the suggested parking system can save in
the database for administrative management use the precise moment a car enters or quits a parking
space as well as the status of a parking space's availability. As a result, it aids the drivers in cutting
down on the time spent looking for open parking spaces. As a result, the drivers conserve energy
and contribute to a decrease in parking lot traffic. A demonstration of the prototype has shown that
the system is capable of reserving the precise location of the parking space by showing it on the
LCD screen. The prototype for the proposed parking system was designed to visualise and
stimulate the real parking system environment. The prototype for the suggested parking system
was then put to the test in a user acceptance test with 30 participants to see how well it worked.
The majority of the participants accepted the testing's outcome favourably. As a result, it has been
demonstrated that the suggested parking system is advantageous to drivers, and it may inspire
other developers to support such projects in the future that would aid drivers in finding open
parking spaces.

Introduction
Parking systems come in a wide variety of designs thanks to Internet of Things technologies.
The Wireless Sensor Networks, for instance (WSNs). "WSNs technology offers a wide spectrum
of applications, which are deeply integrated into the everyday world up to vehicle detection,"
claim Larisis et al. (2013). The WSNs technology includes infrared (IR) sensors, which are
frequently employed in the creation of intelligent parking systems. A sensor that emits infrared
light is used to identify impediments. The general-purpose proximity sensor is another name for it.
Choudhri et al. (2015) claim that an IR sensor can detect or gauge both an object's heat and
motion. Therefore, an IR sensor is a good choice for detecting a vehicle's motion or movement
when it is parked. The IR sensor was chosen to be used in the auto parking system in order to draw
attention to a potential improvement to the process of finding an available parking space, which is
difficult for most car users. Additionally, a fundamental flaw with the majority of the parking
systems used today, particularly in shopping malls, tourist destinations, and other commercial
areas, is that they only assist users in locating open parking spaces, not their precise locations. As a
result, one of the widely used components in the parking system is the current IoT technology.

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 As we all know, it's getting harder and harder to get a parking spot. If the IoT technology is
applied to the parking management system, it should make life easier for citizens, especially those
for whom finding a parking spot is a daily task. This technology makes it feasible to raise people's
quality of lives. The creation of a fast, simple, and effective IoT-based car parking management
system utilising an IR sensor will show drivers the available parking space in the precise parking
slot. This is because an IR sensor will determine whether or not a car is in the parking space, and
an LCD panel will be placed in front of the entrance parking zone to show the driver exactly where
the available parking space is. Therefore, the driver may save their time, vehicle fuel, and energy
when looking for a parking spot that is free. They can also improve their everyday lives because
they won't have to deal with irritation when looking for a parking spot.

Project Background

This section is an overview several of related works on implementation of IR sensor technologies

in various systems and approaches conducted by the researchers.

Using IR Sensor for a Smart Home and Smart Security

A group of academics suggested to create and implement a smart home system employing
IR sensor technology, which would detect people's presence whenever they enter a certain zone
and control the lighting in that area. The controller will receive this data from the IR sensor. The
IR sensor and relay in this system are linked to the network. The appliance will be turned on or off
once the controller receives the information and delivers the signal to the appropriate relay. The
device has four infrared sensors that are linked to a microprocessor.

Using IR Sensor for Traffic Management

The traffic management system was created by Rani et al. by using an IR sensor to identify
obstructions as a vehicle goes past. When there is a long impediment in the road or when there are
many cars around, the IR sensor will pick up the signal. Roads with more traffic will need more
time to pass the traffic light than roads with less traffic will, and vice versa. Incoming vehicles
must match the signal on the side of the road, which is ensured by these IR sensors. Based on the
information obtained from the sensors, the Raspberry Pi controller then serves as a central console
to choose which side of the road signal should open or close. The Raspberry Pi commands the
traffic control to display the relevant signal based on traffic density.

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Using IR Sensor for Garbage Monitor

An IR sensor-based garbage monitoring system was presented to a group of researchers

(Agarwal et al., 2017). This method works to keep the trash can from overflowing. The
architecture of the system is separated into a number of components, including an Arduino Uno,
LCD, LED, Buzzer, IR sensors, Power Supply, and Wi-Fi module. The trash will be placed inside
the trash can, and the IR sensor will measure its level. The amount of waste in the trash bin is
shown by the LED's varying levels of illumination. The LCD will show how much trash is in the
trash can when it is full. The buzzer will begin to ring after the garbage can is 80 percent full.
Using the Wi-Fi module built into the NodeMCU, a message indicating that the trash can is almost
full will be delivered to the target device.

Based on this previous researched, we concluded that the using of sensor in this car parking
management system are suitable and very recommended based on its characteristic and behaviour.

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Methodology
Flowchart

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Coding

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Circuit Diagram

Figure 1: Circuit Diagram of Car Parking Counter

The circuit diagram above consists of:

• Arduino Uno Microcontroller

• Ultrasonic Sensor
• Potentiometer
• LCD 16x2
• Micro servo
• LED
• Resistors
Mini Project Link Tinkercad: https://www.tinkercad.com/things/0yWt51YJM4k

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Simulation Result and Discussion

Ultrasonic Ultrasonic distance sensors utilise ultrasonic

Distance waves to measure distance.
The sensor head generates an ultrasonic
Sensor wave and receives the wave that has been
reflected by the target. Ultrasonic Sensors
determine the target's distance by timing the
interval between emission and reception.

Potentiometer A potentiometer is a three-terminal, sliding

or revolving contact resistor that functions
as an adjustable voltage divider. If only two
terminals, one end and the wiper, are
utilised, the device functions as a variable
resistor or rheostat.

LCD 16x2 A 16x2 LCD can display 16 characters per

line and has 2 lines. This LCD displays each
character as a 5x7 pixel matrix. 224 distinct
characters and symbols can be displayed on
the 16 x 2 intelligent alphanumeric dot
matrix display.

Micro servo Micro Servo Motor SG90 is a small,

lightweight server motor with a powerful
output. Servo can rotate approximately 180
degrees (90 in each direction) and operates
identically to ordinary types, albeit in a
more compact size. To control these servos,
any servo code, hardware, or library can be
used.

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The barrier will open when the sensor detects the movement of the car, and it will close back
up again when it determines that there is no car there.

When a parking spot is taken, the LED indicator will turn off, and the LCD display will update
to reflect the new number of vacant spots.
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The LCD displays a value of zero for the number of vacant spaces when all the parking spaces
are in use. After that, each LED will turn off.

When there is no one parked in any of the spaces, the number of occupied slots on the LCD display
will read "0," and all of the LED will be lit up.

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Conclusion
In this study, the various types of Car Parking Counter and has been presented. From the
various examples of the implementation of the Car Parking Counter being presented, its efficiency
in alleviating the traffic problem that arises especially in the city area where traffic congestion and
the insufficient parking spaces are undeniable. It does so by directing patrons and optimizing the
use of parking spaces.
With the study on all the sensor technologies used in detecting vehicles, which are one of
the most crucial parts of the Car Parking Counter, the pros and cons of each sensor technologies
can be analysed. Although, there are certain disadvantages in the implementation of visual based
system in vehicle detection as described earlier, the advantages far outweigh its disadvantages.
This technology makes it feasible to raise people's quality of lives. The creation of a fast,
simple, and effective IoT-based car parking management system utilising an IR sensor will show
drivers the available parking space in the precise parking slot. This is because an IR sensor will
determine whether or not a car is in the parking space, and an LCD panel will be placed in front of
the entrance parking zone to show the driver exactly where the available parking space is.

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Reference
• Ultrasonic sensor
https://www.keyence.com/ss/products/sensor/sensorbasics/ul
trasonic/info/
• LCD 16x2
https://www.thingbits.in/products/standard-lcd-16x2-
display#:~:text=A%2016x2%20LCD%20means%20it,224%
20different%20characters%20and%20symbols.
• Potentiometer
https://www.electricityforum.com/what-is-a-potentiometer
• Micro Servo Motor
https://www.tertiaryrobotics.com/micro-servo-motor-
sg90.html#:~:text=Micro%20Servo%20Motor%20SG90%20is,
library%20to%20control%20these%20servos.
• Project reference
https://www.tinkercad.com/things/hrF7k6wiojB

https://www.tinkercad.com/things/hjkq9cWoRnC-car-parking-
system-by-arduino

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Appendices

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