1. Elaborate the concept of functional units in computer architecture.

Provide examples of key

functional units and their roles in a CPU.

2.Explain the concept of functional units in computer architecture.

3. explain bus structure unit

4. Explain concepts of Stacks

5. Explain the Subroutines with the help of suitable examples.
6.Explain the number system
2. Define the role of each of the following registers in brief:
i. MAR
ii. MDR
iii. PC
iv. IR
v. General purpose registers

3.Explain the concept of processor and main memory architecture

3. To draw a diagram showing connections between the processor and main memory, you can create a
simple illustration that represents how data and control signals flow between these two components in
a computer system. 2. i)Sub #1001,(R4) ii)Add R8,60(R2,R3)

5.Explain Registers A and Registor B of a computer contain the decimal values 1100 and 3400. What
is the effective address of the memory operand in each of the following instructions.

4.Write a program that can evaluate (A*Z) + (C*P) using two address and one address instruction
format. Assume that the processor has Load, Store, Multiply, and Divide instructions, and that all
values fit in the accumulator.
5. Write an assembly language program that can evaluate the following expression using
One address and Two address instruction formats.
(A +B) X (C + D)
Assume that the processor has Load, Store, Multiply and Add instructions, and that all
values fit in the accumulator register.
6. Write an assembly language program that can evaluate the following expression using
One address and Two address instruction formats.
(A +B) - (C + D)
Assume that the processor has Load, Store, Multiply and Add instructions, and that all

values fit in the accumulator register.

7.Explain and assuming that the instruction is already fetched in IR from main memory, show the
steps needed to execute the machine instruction SUB LOCA, R1.
8.Describe the immediate addressing mode and list any five addressing modes. Identify
the addressing modes of each of the operands in the following instructions:

9. Identify the addressing modes of each of the operands in the following instructions:
 1. Mov 44(R3),R7 2. Sub #1001,(R4)
3. Add R8,60(R2,R3) 4. Divide +(R3),R1

5. Mul (R2)+,R7 6.ADD AX, BX

7. MOV AX, 5 8. MOV AL, 35H

8. MOV AX, [BX] 9. Add R1,-(R2)

10. MOV AX, [SI +05] 11. 10. ADD AL,[0301]

13. Write and discuss control sequence for execution of instruction Add R3, R1 using
single bus organization.
14. Write and discuss control sequence for execution of instruction Add (R3), R1 using
single
bus organization.
15. Write and discuss control sequence for execution of instruction Add (R1), R3 using single
bus
organization.

16. Explain all techniques of control unit.

17. Explain methods for implementation of control unit.
18. Differentiate between Hardwired Control and Microprogrammed Control
methods of generating control signal.