FINAL EXAMINATION

Name: Moh.Zibran Al-Khaedar

St. Number : 23060330070

Part A
Write your summary of the article entitled Personal and Social Development in Physical
Education and Sports: A Review Study (2 passages).

The article provides a comprehensive review of existing literature on the personal and social
development of school-aged children in the context of physical education and sports. It identifies 88
relevant articles that investigate various concepts related to personal and social development, such as
work ethic, decision-making, leadership, cooperation, and prosocial behavior. The review aims to
provide an overview of the research, address gaps in the current literature, and offer directions for
future research and practice. The findings highlight the positive associations between participation in
physical education and sports programs and the development of personal and social skills, including
problem-solving, responsibility, leadership, cooperation, communication, and prosocial behavior.
However, the review also emphasizes the need for more research in this area, particularly within the
context of physical education.

The article underscores the importance of conducting more longitudinal studies and randomized
controlled trials to draw conclusions about the long-term effects of physical education and sports
programs on children's personal and social development. It also emphasizes the significance of clearly
defined program goals and strategies, as well as the role of teachers and coaches in fostering positive
outcomes. Additionally, the article acknowledges the limitations of the current research and calls for
further attention to negative outcomes and the role of program leaders in creating a supportive
environment for skill transfer. This suggests that while there are positive associations between
participation in physical education and sports programs and personal and social development, there is
a need for more rigorous research and a focus on potential negative outcomes and the role of program
leaders in facilitating skill transfer.
 Part B
Show your perspective as the reader of this article. You may combine the information with
specific theories and a critical review of the strengths and weaknesses of the article's
information (10-15 sentences).

As a reader, I find the article's exploration of the personal and social development of school-aged children
in the context of physical education and sports to be intriguing. The emphasis on the importance of
developing skills such as peer relationship skills, prosocial behaviors, leadership, problem-solving, and
personal and social responsibility resonates with the current educational landscape's focus on holistic
development. The article suggests that these skills not only contribute to academic success but also aid in
a successful transition to adult life, aligning with theories such as Erikson's stages of psychosocial
development.

The incorporation of evidence linking personal and social development to participation in physical
education and sports, with references to studies by Weiss, Holt, and others, adds credibility to the article's
claims. The global perspective, as evidenced by a world-wide PE survey noted by Hardman et al., further
broadens the relevance of the discussed topics. However, the article's recognition of a fragmented
literature in terms of terminology, methods, and conclusions raises concerns about the clarity and
consistency in the field. The reference to different terms used interchangeably, such as psychosocial
competence, life skills education, prosocial behavior, social competence, and social-emotional learning,
underscores a need for standardization and conceptual clarity.

The article's critique of the current state of literature highlights a potential weakness in the field,
emphasizing the necessity for a more unified approach. The reliance on terms that have varied definitions
and interpretations, as noted from the WHO's perspective, calls for a critical examination of the methods
used in existing studies and their impact on the overall conclusions drawn. The article's call for more
rigorous research and attention to terminology provides a valuable direction for future studies in this area.

In conclusion, while the article contributes valuable insights into the personal and social development
benefits of physical education and sports, it prompts readers to consider the challenges posed by
inconsistent terminology and fragmented literature. The call for greater standardization and clarity in
defining concepts related to personal and social development serves as a critical reflection on the current
state of research in the field.