DEBATE PRO Junior 4 - 학원용

Book 4
Author Jonathan S. McClelland

BA in English with a Writing Concentration, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
Founding instructor at Endurance English Academy
Former English instructor at Daewon Foreign Language High School
Former curriculum developer at Korean Army Intelligence School
Expert test developer of TOEFL, TOEIC, and TEPS
DEBATE
Pro
4
Publisher Chung Kyudo
Editors Seo Minjung, Lee Dongho
Proofreader Michael A. Putlack
Designer Zo Hwayoun
First published in April 2018

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Components Main Book / Workbook / 1 Audio CD

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 18 19 20 21 22
Book 4
Preface
These days, listening, speaking, and critical thinking skills are more
important than ever. One of the best ways to develop these skills is
through learning debate. The Debate Pro Junior series is designed to provide
students with a high-beginner to low-intermediate EFL ability with a sound
understanding of debate. The series consists of four sets of books, each of
which includes a main book and a workbook. The main book features ten
debate topics with a variety of exercises that help students comprehend the
arguments in the passage and develop their own arguments. The workbook
supplements the main book by helping students create supporting
examples by conducting surveys of classmates and doing additional
research. The workbook can be used in class and for homework.
Each book contains an audio CD with recordings of the reading passages

and opinion examples for every unit. There is also a teacher’s guide
available at www.darakwon.co.kr that includes answer keys and sample
answers for every unit as well as teaching tips and suggestions for
supplementing the material.
The Debate Pro Junior series has the following features:
• Ten different debate topics per book covering a range of themes, including
schools, society, relationships, and technology
• Reading passages that provide arguments both for and against the given topic
• Exercises that require students to formulate arguments and examples about

each topic
• Sample opinions and argument examples that help students develop their own
arguments
Contents
About This Book 06
Unit 01 Cashless Society 09
Unit 02 Online Education 17
Unit 03 Creative Subjects 25
Unit 04 Public Smoking Bans 33
Unit 05 Parenting Classes 41
Unit 06 Preserving Land 49
Unit 07 Foreign Aid 57
Unit 08 Artificial Intelligence 65
Unit 09 The Death Penalty 73
Unit 10 Renewable Power 81

About This Book
Warm-Up & Introducing the Topic

Three warm-up questions ask students to draw upon their
experiences related to the topic. A short paragraph between 50
and 80 words provides general information about the topic, which
will enable students to anticipate and understand the arguments in
Learning about the Topic.
Learning about the Topic

This section consists of a single reading passage between 200 and
260 words in length. The passage introduces the main arguments
and specific arguments both in favor of and against the topic.
Vocabulary Check & Comprehension

Questions
Each reading passage is followed by five
vocabulary questions to improve students’
vocabulary.
Each reading passage includes four paired-
choice reading comprehension questions.
The questions ask students about the main
idea of the passage as well as information
and reasoning from the passage.
Building Arguments
This section consists of four multiple-choice
questions that require students to choose
a main argument and a logical supporting
argument, a supporting example, and a
counterargument. Students will develop
both their reading and critical thinking skills
through this exercise.
Opinion Examples
In this section, two opinion examples both for
and against the topic are provided. Students
are required to complete a summary of the
main idea for each example.
Planning Your Supporting Arguments
This section includes two sample
supporting arguments, each for AGREE
and DISAGREE. At the bottom of the
page, students are given a space to
outline their supporting arguments and
examples.
Organizing Supporting Arguments

In this section, students are given four example
supporting arguments. The arguments may come from
the reading passage, or they may be new arguments
not presented in the book. Students must decide which
arguments correspond with the given main argument.
Making Your Arguments

This section consists of a chart that outlines a debate response
and provides sample phrases to help students use proper debate
language.
Unit
Cashless
01 Society
Warm-Up Introducing the Topic

Answer the following questions with a partner. Every day, we use money to buy all sorts of items.
1 Do you usually carry cash? Traditionally, people have used cash. These paper
notes and coins are created by governments as a
2 Do you have a debit card?
form of money. In recent years, more people have
3 Is it easier to pay with cash or with debit
started using debit cards, credit cards, and mobile
cards?
apps. These allow us to spend money without using
cash. This way, we do not have to worry about
carrying around large amounts of money.
Should countries replace cash with other 01
payment forms?
Read the passage and underline the supporting arguments in paragraphs 2 and 3.
Around the year 700 B.C., Lydia became the first country to make coins used as money.
Today, nearly all countries in the world have currency in the form of coins and paper
money. In our digital society, though, paper money is becoming outdated. Is it time for
countries to stop using cash?
Countries Should Stop Using Cash

First, other payment methods are more convenient. With cash, you have to carry your
money around. This makes it hard to buy expensive things. But debit cards are connected
to your bank accounts. As long as you have money in your account, you can buy what
you want with a card. Additionally, other payment methods are safer. People can lose
their cash or have it stolen and never get it back. With debit
cards and payment apps, this is less likely to happen. If
people lose their debit cards, they can ask their banks to
cancel their old cards and to make new ones. This way, their
money will be protected.
Countries Should Keep Using Cash

First, using cash allows for more privacy. When people pay for something by using a
card, the transaction can be monitored by the government or a company. With cash,
the customers remain anonymous. This allows people to maintain their privacy.
Additionally, electronic payment methods are not always
safe. Thieves can make copies of people’s debit cards and
withdraw or spend their money. Hackers can break into
payment systems to steal money from innocent people. In
these cases, having cash as a backup is a good idea.
10
Vocabulary Check
Choose the correct words to complete the following sentences.
transaction privacy currency innocent anonymous
1. Each country has its own national .
2. No one knows who gave us the money. The person is .
3. Melinda was found and did not have to go to jail.
4. Sometimes it is hard to protect people’s on the Internet.
5. I get a text message for every in my bank account.
Comprehension Questions
Check the correct answer for each question.
1. How is using bank cards more convenient than using cash?
We do not have to carry our money with us.
We can use them at more places than cash.
2. Why is people’s money more protected with debit cards?

Because their money can never be stolen
Because their money is protected by their banks
3. What makes using cash more private than using cards?

Cash is used by one person, but cards can be shared by many people.
Customers’ transactions cannot be monitored by the government.
4. Why are electronic payment methods not always safe?

Because thieves can steal money by breaking into banks
Because thieves can make copies of people’s cards and use them
11
Building Arguments
When you debate, you need to build clear arguments. First, you must choose good
supporting arguments for your main argument. Then, you must make supporting
examples for each supporting argument. Finally, you need to explain why your
opponent’s arguments are wrong. This is called a counterargument.
Supporting Supporting
Main Argument Counterargument
Arguments Examples
Read the questions below and choose the best answers to the questions.
1. Which sentence best summarizes the main argument in favor of countries stopping
using cash?
a. Electronic payment methods have problems and should not be used.
b. Payment methods other than cash are safer and easier to use.
c. Using cash is often a better idea than using debit cards.
2. Which sentence is a supporting argument for the main argument you chose above?
a. People often spend less money when they use cash.
b. We can buy whatever we can afford at any time with cards and apps.
c. It is possible for our debit cards to be copied and our money to be stolen.
3. Which sentence gives a good supporting example for the supporting argument you
chose above?
a. It is easier with cash to see how much people already spent.
b. Thieves can set up card-copying machines in ATMs.
c. With debit cards, we are not limited by how much cash we have with us at the
moment.
4. Which sentence is the best counterargument against the opposite team?

a. Many people still use cash for most purchases.
b. It is very hard to get back cash that is stolen.
c. Some people are not able to get debit cards.
12
Opinion Examples
Read the students’ opinions and fill in the blanks with the right words.
Main Argument
Countries should replace cash with other payment forms.
It is time for countries to get rid of cash! 02
In our modern world, we need to use smarter ways of

spending money than cash. With debit cards and payment
apps, we don’t need to carry around large amounts of
money. Instead, we have all the money in our accounts
on debit cards or on our phones. This is more convenient
since we don’t have to worry about running out of cash.
As long as we have money in our accounts, we can just
Chris buy the things we want.
Summary Chris believes that using debit cards and payment apps is more
than around money.
That’s not it! We need to keep using cash. 03
There are advantages to using electronic forms of

payment. But countries still need cash as a real form
of money. Bank accounts can be hacked, and money
can be stolen by anyone anywhere. Hackers can break
into a bank’s website and steal electronic money. But
with cash, we can keep it safe with us. It provides a
backup in case electronic payment methods fail.
Michelle
Summary Michelle says that we still need because
even money can be stolen.
13
Choose the two correct supporting arguments for each main argument and write
them on the lines below.
• If people lose cash, it is hard for them to get it back.

• When people use electronic forms of payment, they often spend too much money.
• Carrying around cash is not convenient.
• It is easy for thieves to steal large amounts of money from our credit cards and apps.
Countries Should Stop Using Cash
1.
2.
Countries Should Keep Using Cash
1.
2.
14
Main Argument
Countries should replace cash with other payment forms.

What are your arguments? Get into two groups and plan for the debate. Decide if you
AGREE or DISAGREE with the main argument. Then, read the example arguments
below and the research from your workbook. Use them to plan your supporting
arguments and examples.
Example Supporting Arguments
AGREE DISAGREE
• S
upporting Argument : First, electronic • S
upporting Argument : First, cash is a
forms of payment are more convenient. real form of currency.
• S
upporting Example : For instance, many • S
upporting Example : For instance,
people prefer to pay by using cards or the money on debit cards is only on
apps. They do not have to worry about computers. If the money in our accounts
counting the right amount of money or gets stolen or deleted, it is gone. But
getting change. They can just use their cash always exists even if the money on
cards to pay their bills easily. computers gets hacked or deleted.
Write an outline for your supporting arguments and examples on the lines below.
15
What is your opinion? Do you think countries should replace cash with other
payment forms? Choose your opinion and then make your arguments.
AGREE DISAGREE
Choose your main argument.

I think that .
countries should stop using cash
countries should keep using cash
Write your supporting argument with a supporting example.
To begin with,
For instance,
Write one of your opponent’s arguments and why you do not agree with it.
The other team argues that
I disagree with this because
16
Unit
Online
02 Education

Answer the following questions with a partner. At school, everybody learns the same things from
1 Do you ever study by using videos online? the same teachers. Nobody gets to choose what
they learn about, and nobody gets to choose their
2 Do you like studying with other people, or
do you like studying alone? teachers. However, with the Internet available
through phones, tablets, and computers, people
3 Are you happy with your classes at school?
can learn what they want to know whenever they
want. That sounds great. But schools offer some
benefits that online classes cannot provide.
Should schools make their classes online? 04
The Internet has changed the way people live. We now have access to information
anytime and anyplace. Some people believe that schools should make all their classes
online. Is it okay for schools to have their classes only on the Internet?
Online Classes Are Better

The main advantage of online classes is their convenience. With online classes, students
can learn whenever and wherever they want to. For example, students can study with
teachers from anywhere in the world. Students can study at the best times for them.
This way, students can learn more effectively. Next, online classes allow for more
customized learning experiences. In a classroom, teachers
usually spend about the same amount of time teaching each
subject. When students take online classes, they can choose
how much time to study each subject. For instance, they
can focus more on the subjects that they are not good at.
Traditional Classes Are Better

The main advantage of traditional classes is the interaction between students and
teachers. When students and teachers are in the same classroom, they can interact
more easily. For example, students can ask teachers questions directly. This is easier
than trying to communicate with their teachers online. The reason is that there is
usually less interaction between students and teachers online. Next, students need to
learn social skills. Students do not go to school only to
learn academic subjects. They also learn how to get along
with other people. But when students study online, they
usually study alone. This makes it hard for students to learn
the social skills they need throughout life.
18
Vocabulary Check
social interaction advantage get along with customized
1. One of living in a big city is public transportation.
2. You can have your own pizza by adding more toppings.
3. It is important to others when living in a community.
4. Dogs and wolves are animals because they live in groups.
5. The best teachers have a lot of with their students by asking

them questions.
1. Why are online classes more convenient?
Because you can study whenever and wherever you want
Because there are more types of courses that you can study
2. What is true about online classes?

Students can spend more time learning subjects that are harder.
Teachers usually spend the same amount of time teaching each subject.
3. What might be a problem with the way schools teach?

Students have too much control over their education.
Students must spend an equal amount of time on each subject.
4. Why is it important for students to go to school and to interact with others?

Because they will learn social skills that will help them through life
Because they will be able to learn better by getting help from their friends
19
Building Arguments
Arguments Examples
1. Which sentence best summarizes the main argument in favor of making school
classes online?
a. Online classes are more convenient than traditional classes.
b. In rural areas, there are not enough regular schools.
c. Online classes do not allow students to interact with their teachers or their peers.
a. Students can interact with their teachers more easily.
b. Students can study anytime and anyplace with teachers from anywhere.
c. The students in rural areas have to travel long distances to get to their schools.
chose above?
a. Students can take classes at the time of day that they prefer.
b. It is easier for students to cheat during tests by looking at their books.
c. When a student has a question, there’s nobody available to answer it immediately.

a. Online classes also let students study a subject more deeply.
b. Students can focus more easily in traditional classrooms.
c. It is more important to meet your teachers in person and to interact with them.
20
Opinion Examples
Main Argument
Schools should make their classes online.
It’s time for schools to make their classes online! 05
When I’m studying, I like to work by myself. I focus

better without distractions. But school is full of
distractions! Other students are noisy and ask too
many questions. Many joke around and act like they
don’t even want to be in school. This makes it harder
for me to pay attention. If I could take classes at home
with my computer, I could focus on my studies in a
quiet environment without anyone else disrupting me. Kayla
Summary Kayla argues that studying makes it easier
for her to .
That’s not what I think. Traditional classes are better! 06
Going to school is usually fun! I get to see all of

my friends. We work together on projects and
activities. For example, my friends and I conducted
an experiment on plants for a science fair. I learned
a lot about growing flowers. But more importantly,
I learned how to work with a team. Taking online
classes on a computer alone in my bedroom would be
boring and lonely. Jackson
Summary Jackson thinks that together with other
students is more .
21
• Online classes are convenient for students.

• Going to school offers the chance to learn valuable social skills.
• Students can always receive immediate help from teachers when they have a problem.
• Students can customize their education to meet their needs and interests.
Online Classes Are Better
1.
2.
Traditional Classes Are Better
1.
2.
22
Main Argument
Schools should make their classes online.

AGREE DISAGREE
• S
upporting Argument : First off, online • S
upporting Argument : First off, online
classes offer more choices to students. classes do not offer social interactions.
• S
upporting Example : To go into detail, • S
upporting Example : To go into detail,
students can study subjects their school studying online usually means students
does not offer. Some students might want sitting alone with a computer. This
to study French, but their school does not sounds sad and lonely. Students also
offer courses in it. With online classes, miss an opportunity to work with other
they can study French with thousands of people and to learn basic social skills.
different teachers.
23
What is your opinion? Do you think schools should make their classes online?
Choose your opinion and then make your arguments.
AGREE DISAGREE

It is my opinion that .
it is time for schools to make their classes online
regular schools offer things that online classes can’t provide
To start,
What I mean is
The other side says that
But this is wrong because
24
Unit
Creative
03 Subjects

Answer the following questions with a partner. Throughout school, students study a variety of
1 What subjects do you study in school? subjects. Subjects such as math, science, languages,
and history are all considered important. Students
2 Do you enjoy studying creative subjects
like art and music? also study more creative subjects such as art and
music. In these classes, students can develop
3 How can studying creative subjects help
their artistic and musical skills. They learn to make
students?
paintings and to play songs. These subjects can
allow students to develop different ways of thinking.
Should schools require students to study 07
creative subjects?
Many schools today focus on teaching science and math. Because of this, fewer
students are studying the arts. In high school, just eight percent of classes are in the
arts. Would it be better if all students were required to study creative subjects?
Students Should Study Creative Subjects

First, creative subjects help students develop emotional intelligence (EI). EI refers to a
person’s ability to understand emotions and to get along with others. Students study
famous works of art and literature in courses such as art and creative writing. This
helps students understand human emotions and develop their social skills. Second,
the arts are in growing demand. In the future, technical
jobs are more likely to be done by computers. They will be
better at solving math and science problems than humans.
However, creative jobs, such as designer and musician, will
probably always be done by people. So there will always be
a demand for people with creative skills.
Students Do Not Need to Study Creative Subjects

First, students should develop skills in core subjects, such as languages, math, and
science. These subjects are more useful than music and art since they teach us skills
we need in daily life. Most students only take between five and seven classes a day. So
they should spend their time learning vital academic subjects. Second, creative subjects
are not helpful for students who do not plan to major in the
arts. Most colleges mainly consider students’ performance
in academic subjects and their test scores. If students study
creative subjects, they will not have the skills they need to
get into college.
26
Vocabulary Check
performance consider core vital demand
1. Air and water are for survival.
2. Kevin’s in the school musical was excellent.
3. Our team’s player was injured during the game.
4. People in the West Christmas one of the most important holidays.
5. There is a high for learning English in many countries.
1. How do creative subjects help students develop emotional intelligence?
They learn about the history of artists and musicians.
They can understand emotions by studying famous art and literature.
2. How can studying creative subjects help students get jobs in the future?
Creative jobs pay much more money than other jobs.
Creative jobs are harder to replace with computers.
3. Why are languages and math considered more important than art and music?
Because languages and math are more useful in daily life
Because languages and math are more common classes in schools
4. Why are creative subjects less helpful for most students?

Because they do not teach students the skills they need for college
Because they are tested differently than traditional subjects
27
Building Arguments
Arguments Examples
1. Which sentence best summarizes the main argument in favor of studying creative
subjects?
a. Creative subjects take up a lot of valuable time.
b. Studying creative subjects is beneficial for students.
c. Core subjects are more important than creative subjects.
a. Students can improve their emotional intelligence.
b. Core subjects are used more in everyday life.
c. People who study creative subjects cannot get jobs easily.
chose above?
a. Most of the best jobs today require degrees in science and math.
b. Improving emotional intelligence can help people get along with others.
c. We need to be able to speak and read every day of our lives.

a. Computers are getting better at doing creative jobs.
b. Colleges care more about math and science than art and music.
c. Creative subjects teach us skills that can help us be successful in the future.
28
Opinion Examples
Main Argument
Students should be required to study creative subjects.
Students should be required to study creative subjects. 08
Creative subjects teach students important social

skills. In classes such as orchestra or drama, students
learn how to work as part of a group. They learn how
to express their ideas to other people. They also learn
to work together to reach a shared goal, like having
a show in front of the school. This teaches them to
respect other people and to receive feedback on their
Chris performances. This is why I think learning creative
subjects is needed.
Summary Chris thinks that subjects help students learn
skills.
Let students choose if they want to take creative subjects! 09
Not all students want to take creative subjects.

Some students just don’t have any interest in these
classes. Sure, it would be nice if everyone learned how
to play an instrument. But not everyone wants to.
This is why I think schools should let students choose
if they want to take creative subjects. If students
would rather study core subjects instead, they should
Michelle be allowed to.
Summary Michelle thinks that students should be able to
to take subjects if they want to.
29
• Most colleges do not care much about creative subjects.

• Studying creative subjects helps students develop their EI.
• It takes a lot of time and money to learn creative subjects.
• Creative subjects can help students do better in other classes.
Students Should Study Creative Subjects
1.
2.
Students Do Not Need to Study Creative Subjects
1.
2.
30
Main Argument
Students should be required to study creative subjects.

AGREE DISAGREE
• S
upporting Argument : For starters, • S
upporting Argument : For starters,
creative subjects require students to use creative subjects are not practical for
different thinking skills. most students.
• S
upporting Example : When students • S
upporting Example : When students
study poetry, they have to think in creative study creative subjects, they are
ways. They have to use language in a way developing skills that are not useful in
that makes them think more deeply than their adult lives. It is more important for
they usually do in other subjects. students to get good at core subjects
since they need them all the time.
31
What is your opinion? Do you think students should be required to study
creative subjects? Choose your opinion and then make your arguments.
AGREE DISAGREE

My opinion is that .
studying creative subjects is beneficial for students
it is better for students to focus on core subjects
For one,
To go into detail,
The other team believes that
I think this is wrong since
32
Unit
Public Smoking
04 Bans

Answer the following questions with a partner. Everybody knows smoking cigarettes is bad
1 What do you think about smoking? for you. However, people still choose to smoke
them! In the past, people could smoke cigarettes
2 Why do you think people choose to smoke
cigarettes? wherever they wanted. They could smoke inside
restaurants, on airplanes, and even in hospitals!
3 What do you think about people smoking
Nowadays, governments around the world are
on the street?
making strict laws about where people are not
allowed to smoke. Not everyone agrees that
governments should have this power.
Should smoking in public be banned? 10
Smoking is one of the worst habits a person can have. Smoking can cause lung cancer
and throat cancer. It can harm a person’s overall health. In recent years, a number of
cities have started banning smoking in public. Should people not be allowed to smoke
in public?
Smoking in Public Should Be Banned

For one, a public smoking ban will reduce the number of smokers. People are less likely
to smoke when it is not convenient. For example, if smokers have to walk for more than
five minutes to reach a smoking area, they are half as likely to smoke. Furthermore,
a public smoking ban can reduce nonsmokers’ exposure
to cigarettes. Breathing in the smoke from cigarettes is
called secondhand smoking. Many researchers agree that
secondhand smoke can increase people’s risk of getting
cancer. A public smoking ban will keep nonsmokers safer.
Smoking in Public Should Not Be Banned

For one, enforcing a public smoking ban is a waste of resources. Smoking bans in
public would require cities to install more CCTV cameras. They would need police
to enforce antismoking laws as well. Rather than enforcing antismoking laws,
governments should focus on stopping more serious crimes. Furthermore, a public
smoking ban goes against individuals’ rights and freedoms.
Purchasing and smoking cigarettes is not illegal. For this
reason, people should have the right to smoke whenever
and wherever they want. If other people do not like
secondhand smoke, they can go somewhere else.
34
Vocabulary Check
installed exposure enforce overall secondhand
1. Too much to the sun will give you a sunburn.
2. The hotel a coffee machine in the lobby.
3. Teddy was happy with the results of his project.
4. The job of soccer referees is to the rules.
5. I didn’t see the event, but I received news from people who
were there.
1. What is one of the worst habits a person can have?
Smoking cigarettes is one of the worst habits someone can have.
Secondhand smoking is one of the worst habits someone can have.
2. What have many cities done in recent years?

‌Many cities have started banning smoking in public.
Many cities have stopped enforcing smoking bans in public.
3. According to the passage, what do smokers find inconvenient?

Smokers find it inconvenient to walk more than five minutes to buy cigarettes.
Smokers find it inconvenient to walk more than five minutes to smoke.
4. What should society do instead of enforcing antismoking laws?

Society should pay more attention to serious crimes.
Society should pay more attention to illegally parked cars.
35
Building Arguments
Arguments Examples
1. Which sentence best summarizes the main argument in favor of banning smoking
in public?
a. A public smoking ban would lead to fewer smokers.
b. A ban on public smoking would be a waste of resources.
c. Smoking cigarettes causes cancer and other diseases.
a. Buying and smoking cigarettes is not illegal.
b. People are less likely to smoke when it is not convenient.
c. A ban on public smoking would require more CCTV cameras.
chose above?
a. Police would have to go after people who smoke in public.
b. Smoking is one of the worst habits a person can have.
c. If smokers have to walk more than five minutes to have a cigarette, they are less
likely to smoke.

a. A public smoking ban will make smokers unhappy.
b. If people do not like secondhand smoke, they can avoid places where people smoke.
c. If people have the right to smoke cigarettes anywhere, people also have the right
to breathe clean air.
36
Opinion Examples
Main Argument
Smoking in public should be banned.
I agree. No more smoking in public! 11
People who smoke in public affect other people.

Sometimes when I’m walking down the street, there
are people smoking around me. I sometimes breathe in
their cigarette smoke. The smoke smells so bad. It goes
into my lungs and makes my clothes smelly. As long as
people can smoke in public, these kinds of problems will
occur. People have the right to smoke, but they don’t
have the right to make other people smelly and sick.
Kayla
Summary Kayla says that smokers do not have the to
make other people smelly and .
I disagree. People can do what they want! 12
People have a choice to smoke cigarettes. People

also have a choice whether they want to be around
smokers. Public smoking bans are unfair. They punish
smokers for doing a legal activity. If you don’t like
being around people who are smoking in public, you
can choose places without smokers. We don’t need
the government telling people when and where they
can smoke. Jackson
Summary Jackson says people can whether they want
to be around .
37
• A public smoking ban violates the individual rights of smokers.

• A public smoking ban would lead to fewer smokers.
• A public smoking ban protects nonsmokers.
• A public smoking ban is a waste of resources.
Smoking in Public Should Be Banned
1.
2.
Smoking in Public Should Not Be Banned
1.
2.
38
Main Argument
Smoking in public should be banned.

AGREE DISAGREE
• S
upporting Argument : To start, a ban on • S
upporting Argument : To start, a ban on
smoking in public protects nonsmokers. smoking in public is not necessary.
• S
upporting Example : For example, • S
upporting Example : For example,
nonsmokers have the right to breathe nonsmokers have a choice to go to places
clean air. Breathing secondhand without cigarette smokers. People can
smoke breaks that right. By breathing solve this problem themselves without the
secondhand smoke, nonsmokers may get government getting involved.
cancer in the future.
39
What is your opinion? Do you think smoking in public should be banned?
AGREE DISAGREE

I strongly believe that .
smoking in public should be banned
smoking in public should not be banned
My first reason is
What I mean is
40
Unit
Parenting
05 Classes

Answer the following questions with a partner. When a person becomes a parent, he or she
1 Do you think raising children would be easy usually learns how to raise a child without proper
or difficult? education. Many parents do their best, but there are
2 Do you think all parents are good at raising many challenges. Before people start their careers,
children? they go through many years of school to get ready
for their jobs. So it makes sense that people should
3 Do you think even parents need help?
take the time and effort to be good at their jobs
as parents. That is why some people say that new
parents should take parenting classes.
Should parents take parenting classes before 13
having children?
Being a parent is a difficult job. Parents must know what their children need and how
to make them feel loved. Few parents know these skills without practice. One solution
is parenting classes. Should governments make people take parenting classes before
having children?
Parents Need to Take Parenting Classes

To begin with, parenting classes would teach new parents the skills they need to raise
children. In parenting classes, parents would learn how to raise their children at
different ages. For example, new parents could learn how to feed newborns. Parents
with older children could learn how to help their kids deal with bullying. Second,
parenting classes would give parents a support network. In
the past, family members would help raise children. These
days, parents can get help from other parents they meet in
parenting classes. They can talk about their children and
give parenting advice to each other.
Parents Do Not Need to Take Parenting Classes

To begin with, parenting classes often teach a general parenting style that may not fit
everyone’s beliefs or situations. To give an example, some parents might want to limit
their children’s behavior a lot. Other parents might want their children to be more
independent. A parenting class can make it harder for these parents to develop their
own parenting styles. Second, it is wrong for countries to
force parents to raise their children in a specific manner.
People have the right to raise their children their own way.
Parents might not raise their children perfectly. But they
should be allowed to raise them the way they believe is the
best.
42
Vocabulary Check
newborns solution network independent situation
1. Can you help me find a(n) to my problem?
2. cannot walk, talk, or sit up straight.
3. Children become more as they get older.
4. It is good to have a big of friends.
5. Since he lost his job, his family has been in a bad .
1. What problems do parents with older children sometimes face?
They may have to deal with bullying.
They may need to know how to protect their kids’ privacy.
2. What is the benefit of a support network through parenting classes?

Parents can compare their parenting style to other parents’ styles.
Parents can get help and advice from other parents.
3. How can parenting classes make it harder for parents to develop their own styles?
These classes often teach one general parenting style.
T hese classes teach too many different parenting styles.
4. Why is it wrong to teach parents one specific way to raise their children?
Because parents have the right to make their own support networks
Because parents have the right to raise their children their own way
43
Building Arguments
Arguments Examples
1. Which sentence best summarizes the main argument in favor of taking parenting
classes?
a. Parenting classes teach important skills for being good parents.
b. Parents have a right to choose how they raise their children.
c. It is harder to raise children today than it was in the past.
a. Parents have families and do not need social support networks.
b. Parents can learn how to teach children of different ages.
c. Parents can develop their own parenting styles without parenting classes.
chose above?
a. Parents can all learn the same methods for dealing with problems.
b. Parents with older children can learn how to deal with bullying.
c. A person’s parenting style can change and develop over time.

a. Some parents might need help to learn how to take care of their children.
b. The government should not force people to raise their children in a certain way.
c. New mothers do not need a class to teach them natural things like feeding their
babies.
44
Opinion Examples
Main Argument
Parents should take parenting classes before having children.
Parenting classes are very helpful for parents! 14
Most parents try to do what is best for their children.

But they may still have wrong ideas. Good parents
will make sure they give their children food. But what
if those good parents often feed their children junk
food, like pizza and ramen? The children may like
the food, but they’re going to have serious health
problems as they get older! Parenting classes could
Chris teach things like proper nutrition.
Summary Chris thinks that parents do their for their
children but can still have ideas about parenting.
I disagree. Parenting classes would not work at all. 15
Making people learn how to be parents will waste time

and cause new arguments. What is the “right” way
to raise children? Different families have different
beliefs about children. If they are forced to take
these classes, many people would just ignore what
they’re taught. Worse, many people will argue and
fight over what should be taught. The reason is that
Michelle there is no one right way to be a parent.
Summary Michelle says that parenting classes would
time and cause .
45
• Parents need as much help as possible to raise children.

• Parenting strategies are a personal choice for families to decide.
• Parents can learn basic information such as health and education for their kids.
• Every family is different in some way, but a class may only teach one way to approach
parenting.
Parents Need to Take Parenting Classes
1.
2.
Parents Do Not Need to Take Parenting Classes
1.
2.
46
Main Argument
Parents should take parenting classes before having children.

AGREE DISAGREE
• S
upporting Argument : First off, • S
upporting Argument : First off,
parenting classes can give parents the parenting classes are not helpful for all
information and support they need to be types of parents.
better parents.
• S
upporting Example : Specifically, parents • S
upporting Example : Specifically, families
can also get advice for problems, such as have different values and beliefs. One
what to do when their children get sick. family might decide television is bad for
They can learn how to find good daycare their children while another might decide
centers. They can get help finding their children must be vegetarians.
babysitters. Having this information will A required class might teach ideas that
help parents raise their children better. go against parents’ personal beliefs.
47
What is your opinion? Do you think parents should take parenting classes
before having children? Choose your opinion and then make your arguments.
AGREE DISAGREE

parents should take classes to learn basic skills for raising children
parents should not be told how to raise their children
My first argument is that
What I mean is that
The other side claims that
However, this is wrong because
48
Unit
Preserving
06 Land

Answer the following questions with a partner. As human development increases around the
1 Do you think animals should be seen as world, we often move into new places where plant
equal to humans? and animal species make their homes. As a result,
2 Do you think humans are cruel or kind to some people say humans need to help our animal
animals? friends. One way would be to save land just for
plants and animals to make their homes and to
3 What animals do you know that have gone
extinct? live without human interruption. However, this
could be very expensive.
Should we save land for endangered species 16
instead of using it?

Around 40 percent of the world’s animal species may soon be extinct. These animals
range from huge whales to tiny insects. Several plant species are also endangered.
In many cases, these species are endangered due to humans. Some people argue
that endangered species need to be protected. One way to do this is to save land for
endangered species.
Save Land for Endangered Species

For one, saving land to help plants and animals is humane. Plants and animals are living
creatures. Many animals display humanlike awareness and emotions. Destroying land
that is home to endangered species can lead to their extinction. Taking their homes
away and leaving them to die is wrong. Next, endangered
species can help humans develop and improve medicine.
For example, medicine made from the foxglove plant treats
heart disease and has saved people’s lives for decades. If
endangered species die, then thousands of possible sources
of medicines will disappear forever.
Use Land for Human Needs

For one, saving land to protect endangered species is a waste of resources. It would cost
huge amounts of money. According to the BBC, saving endangered species could cost
nearly 80 billion dollars a year. This money could be used to help people who are in
need. It is more important to help humans who are suffering than to help endangered
plants and animals. Next, extinction is a natural process.
About 99 percent of all the plants and animals that have
ever lived are now extinct. Many of these species died
during mass extinctions that took place every 50 to 100
million years. Humans should not try to stop these species
from dying out naturally.
50
Vocabulary Check
mass range from extinction awareness humane
1. Korean tigers were hunted into .
2. There was a(n) protest in front of city hall.
3. The homeless received treatment from the volunteers.
4. Octopuses have the to recognize people’s faces.
5. The people in line young children to grandparents.
1. Why is saving land for plants and animals humane?
Because most land destruction has been caused by humans
Because animals display awareness and other emotions
2. What is a way that endangered species help humans?

People get emotional support from pets.
They can provide sources of medicine.
3. What should be done with money instead of spending it for plants and animals?
Money should be spent to end human suffering.
Money should be spent to build new homes for plants and animals.
4. Why should humans not try to stop animal extinctions?

Because human beings already protect many animals
Because animals die out naturally through mass extinctions
51
Building Arguments
Arguments Examples
1. Which sentence best summarizes the main argument in favor of saving land for
endangered species?
a. Helping animals is a waste of money that could be spent on people.
b. Saving land to be used by plants and animals will help protect them.
c. Some species are able to live in many different environments.
a. We can make money by taking over land used by plants and animals.
b. If we can take land from animals, then we should be able to use it.
c. Plants and animals will go extinct if we do not help save their land.
chose above?
a. Animals and plants may not find new homes if we take their land.
b. Human beings are smarter than other species and should control them.
c. These lands can be used to make farms or build new cities for people.

a. The plants and animals we have in our homes give us love and friendship.
b. Our lives are more important than those of plants and animals.
c. We depend on plants and animals and would be affected by their extinction.
52
Opinion Examples
Main Argument
We should save land for endangered species instead of using it.
It’s our responsibility to save land for endangered species! 17
Human activity is the biggest reason for animal endangerment

and extinction. We clear forests for farmland and new towns.
This destroys animals’ homes. When animals lose their
homes, they die. We shouldn’t let this happen. We should
protect other species from endangerment. Saving land for
other species would help stop endangered species from
going extinct.
Kayla
Summary Kayla thinks that saving is a way to protect
species.
No way! We should help people first. 18
As far as we know, saving land for plants and animals will

cost us 80 billion dollars a year. That’s a lot of money
that can help people in need. Why should we spend it
on plants and animals? There are millions of homeless,
sick, unemployed, and hungry people around the world.
We should help them first. And who will pay the cost?
Me with my taxes? I’d rather feed a human than give
a home to some giraffes that I’ll never see.
Jackson
Summary Jackson thinks we should money to help
in need instead of animals.
53
• Saving land for plants and animals is an expensive use of resources.

• Humans depend on plants and animals for things like food and medicine.
• It is more important to help people in need than endangered species.
• It is selfish not to help plants and animals that are in danger.
Save Land for Endangered Species
1.
2.
Use Land for Human Needs
1.
2.
54
Main Argument
We should save land for endangered species instead of using it.

AGREE DISAGREE
• S
upporting Argument : To begin with, • S
upporting Argument : To begin with,
humans depend on plants and animals we should worry about human problems
for many things. first.
• S
upporting Example : For instance, • S
upporting Example : For instance, in
honeybees are an important part of the U.S., it is estimated that there are
growing food. If honeybees go extinct, more than 500,000 homeless people.
farms will produce much less food. Many The government should help human lives
people may go hungry. We need animals first. Then, it can focus on saving land
as much as they need us. for endangered species.
55
What is your opinion? Do you think we should save land for endangered species
instead of using it? Choose your opinion and then make your arguments.
AGREE DISAGREE

I am sure that .
we should help endangered species by saving land for them to live on
we do not need to save land for endangered species
To start off,
To explain further,
Our opponents believe that
I disagree with them because
56
Unit
Foreign Aid
07

Answer the following questions with a partner. Many countries around the world cannot feed
1 Do you ever give gifts to other people? their populations. Richer countries like the U.S.
and China give large amounts of money to places
2 What are some problems with giving too
many gifts? like Syria or Haiti. But sometimes that money
comes with rules about how to spend it. Many
3 Do you think that the rich should help the
say these rules benefit the givers more than the
poor?
receivers. Others say that the money should be
spent in their own countries.
Should rich countries give foreign aid to poorer 19
countries?
Each year, the world’s developed countries give billions of dollars in foreign aid to poor
nations. This is used to provide food, water, and medicine. While giving aid sounds
beneficial, it also has drawbacks. Is it a good idea for countries to give foreign aid?
Countries Should Give Foreign Aid

First, giving aid can help poor countries become self-sufficient. For example, the U.S.
sponsored research that led to the Green Revolution in India. This program taught Indian
farmers how to grow almost enough food to feed India’s huge population. Second, giving
aid is morally right. Poor countries lack the resources they
need to keep their people healthy. Rich countries can help
the citizens of poor countries be healthier and live longer.
Many countries have donated to African nations to stop the
spread of AIDS and malaria. Helping other humans when
they need help is moral.
Countries Should Not Give Foreign Aid

First, poorer countries rely too much on foreign aid. They can depend on money from
foreign nations too much. Then, they do not develop their own economies. This is
especially a problem since most foreign aid provides only short-term solutions. So
aid does not usually help poor countries develop on their own. Second, developed
countries give aid for their own benefit. By giving aid, richer countries can increase
their political power. In recent years, China has given
billions of dollars to African nations to get more power in
the region. The Chinese want to get more resources and to
sell more products to Africa. This benefits China more than
it benefits Africa.
58
Vocabulary Check
self-sufficient drawback moral donate rely on
1. My parents some money to people in need each month.
2. A person with high standards will often try to help others.
3. The main of this city is the heavy traffic.
4. If I had a farm, I could grow my own food and be .
5. The homeless men people to give them food.
1. How did the U.S. help Indians be self-sufficient?
It sponsored research to improve farming.
It gave extra money to poor Indian people.
2. According to one argument, what is the problem with foreign aid?

It only helps fight AIDS but not other diseases.
It is only a short-term solution to a country’s problems.
3. According to the passage, why don’t poor countries develop their economies?
Because they depend too much on foreign aid
Because they have no knowledge on how to spend the money wisely
4. According to the passage, why does China give so much money to Africa?
Because it wants to gain political power in the region
Because it wants to help African countries start a Green Revolution
59
Building Arguments
Arguments Examples
1. Which sentence best summarizes the main argument in favor of giving foreign aid?
a. Giving aid can help poor countries become independent.
b. Giving aid can make poor countries depend too much on outside help.
c. Giving aid can make only a few people richer in a poor country.
a. India depends too much on money from the U.S.
b. The U.S. gave everyone in India 100 dollars.
c. The U.S. paid for research to improve farming in India.
chose above?
a. India needs to buy most of its food from other countries.
b. Many more Indians had money to spend on instant food.
c. India has almost enough food to feed its people on its own.

a. Foreign aid is not the solution in the long run.
b. Poor countries are happy to have relationships with rich countries.
c. Without foreign aid, poor countries will have fewer chances to develop.
60
Opinion Examples
Main Argument
Rich countries should give foreign aid to poorer countries.
We should help other people if we can! 20
You can’t choose your parents. Similarly, you can’t

choose where to be born. Not everyone is lucky
enough to grow up in a rich country. People should
not starve or die because they were born under a
bad government or in a land without resources. Most
rich countries can easily afford to send food, water,
doctors, and medicine. So they should help others
Chris whenever possible. We’re all humans, after all.
Summary Chris believes that people from countries
should others whenever possible.
No way! My money should be spent for my own community. 21
People’s taxes should help their own countries first.

My country may be rich, but there are still poor
people and economic problems that we need to fix.
Many people in my country can’t afford to see a
doctor or to have a house. Why should my taxes pay
for strangers to get free medicine and homes? It
makes more sense for my country’s government to
Michelle help its own citizens first.
Summary My country has economic that it needs to
before trying to help other countries.
61
• Countries should spend money to help their own citizens first.

• Countries often give foreign aid for selfish reasons.
• Foreign aid is a way to improve international relations.
• People in poorer countries can have a chance to live better due to foreign aid.
Countries Should Give Foreign Aid
1.
2.
Countries Should Not Give Foreign Aid
1.
2.
62
Main Argument
Rich countries should give foreign aid to poorer countries.

AGREE DISAGREE
• S
upporting Argument : First, foreign aid • S
upporting Argument : First, foreign aid
provides the resources that countries can be used by dishonest governments.
need to solve problems.
• S
upporting Example : For example, • S
upporting Example : For example,
malaria, a disease spread by mosquitos, leaders in some poor nations use aid
killed many babies in Kenya. In 2003, a money only to make their lives better.
program to fight malaria gave mosquito They buy expensive cars and build huge
nets to mothers. So they put them over houses for themselves. They do not give
their babies’ beds and protected their the money to the people who need it.
babies.
63
What is your opinion? Do you think rich countries should give foreign aid to
poorer countries? Choose your opinion and then make your arguments.
AGREE DISAGREE

I strongly believe that .
rich countries should give aid to poorer countries
rich countries should not give aid to poorer countries
For one,
To be specific,
64
Unit
Artificial
08 Intelligence

Answer the following questions with a partner. Some computer systems have the ability to think
1 What are some useful things that computers intelligently. This is called artificial intelligence (AI).
do for us? AI continues to become more and more intelligent.
2 Have you ever seen a movie where It is believed that someday computers will become
computers become the enemies of humans? more intelligent than humans. If that happens,
many people are worried that humans will lose
3 Do you think people rely on computers too
much? control over computers. What problems do you
think that could cause?
Will artificial intelligence become a threat to 22
human beings?
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to any machine that can simulate human intelligence.
As time passes, AI becomes better at learning. This makes people worry that AI could
someday become smarter than human beings. Is it possible that AI could become a
threat to humans?
AI Will Become a Threat

One argument is that AI is developing faster than anyone expected. Computer experts
believed AI would take decades to learn creativity and imagination. But AI is already
doing these things. For instance, at a recent art show in Switzerland, judges preferred
paintings made by AI. This suggests that AI may soon become
too smart for humans to control. Second, AI could attack
humans. In the near future, AI might be used to control
military weapon systems. Eventually, these AI systems
could become self-aware. They could decide to attack and
kill millions of people.
AI Will Not Become a Threat

One argument is that AI is still not as smart as humans overall. Humans can understand
how the world works much better than AI. For example, humans can easily understand
that if something is hot, it will hurt to touch it. A computer must make many complex
calculations to figure this out. Second, the makers of AI
are aware of the possible dangers of AI and will not allow
it to threaten us. For AI to become dangerous on its own,
it would have to be programmed to want freedom. AI
developers will make sure that it always remains under
human control.
66
Vocabulary Check
self-aware threat simulate complex programmed
1. Humans are , unlike machines.
2. Computer games battles and sports.
3. Cigarette smoking is a(n) to people’s health.
4. The robot is to clean people’s houses.
5. Computers were first invented to solve math calculations.
1. What does the recent art show in Switzerland suggest about AI?
AI is already good at making artwork faster than humans can.
AI may soon become too smart for humans to control.
2. According to the passage, what can be the biggest threat of AI?

AI could decide to attack and kill millions of people.
AI could decide to create better paintings than humans can make.
3. Why is it harder for computers to understand how the world works?

Because they are not able to move themselves instinctively
Because they must do millions of calculations to learn something
4. How will AI always remain under human control?

AI systems will not become smart enough to work on their own.
T he makers of AI will not program it to want freedom.
67
Building Arguments
Arguments Examples
1. Which sentence best summarizes the main argument in favor of AI becoming a
threat to humans and putting us in danger?
a. AI can be programmed not to want freedom.
b. A I is developing faster than anybody thought.
c. Overall, AI is not as smart as humans.
a. AI has already learned to create imaginative things.
b. A I developers will never allow computers to become threatening to people.
c. A I doesn’t understand how the world works the way that humans do.
chose above?
a. Computers need complex calculations to know if something is too hot to touch.
b. A I must be programmed to want freedom before it can become dangerous.
c. Judges at an art show cannot tell the difference between paintings by people and
AI.

a. Human beings can understand the world better than AI can.
b. A I-controlled weapon systems could be programmed to cause harm to people.
c. Programmers would never help to create an AI-controlled weapon system.
68
Opinion Examples
Main Argument
AI will become a threat to human beings.
AI technology is unpredictable and dangerous! 23
AI technology is dangerous because of its ability to learn.

This might allow it to overcome its original programming.
For example, two chatbots were programmed to have
conversations in English. As they talked, they developed
their own language so that they could talk more quickly.
Their programmers could no longer understand their
conversations! They made a whole new language by
themselves. That frightens me. Kayla
Summary Kayla believes that AI learning could its own
original .
There is no way that AI will be a threat. 24
An AI is just a computer program. It is lines of code

powered by electricity. Even advanced AI systems will
have to follow this code. If something goes wrong,
a program can be stopped. For example, those two
chatbots that created their own language made the
programmers feel nervous. So the programmers just
turned them off. If an AI starts to become too smart,
programmers can delete the program. Jackson
Summary Jackson says that AI is always under programmers’
because we can just turn it .
69
• Unlike humans, it takes complicated programming for AI to do simple movements.

• AI could quickly become too smart for us to control.
• Before something dangerous happens, programmers will limit what AI can do.
• AI could take control of weapon systems and attack us.
AI Will Become a Threat
1.
2.
AI Will Not Become a Threat
1.
2.
70
Main Argument
AI will become a threat to human beings.

AGREE DISAGREE
• S
upporting Argument : Our first point is • S
upporting Argument : Our first point is
that AI computers can be hacked and that programmers can stop computers
misused. from becoming dangerous.
• S
upporting Example : More specifically, • S
upporting Example : More specifically,
an AI named Tay quickly learned how programmers can put limits on AI. They
to interact with users on Twitter. Soon, can stop it from learning too much. If
however, Tay was targeted by users. They programmers feel that an AI is becoming
taught her rude language, which the AI too smart, they can just delete it,
learned and began repeating. What if Tay re-program it, or turn off its power.
had been a weapon system?
71
What is your opinion? Do you think AI will become a threat to human beings?
AGREE DISAGREE

I think that .
AI will become a threat to humans
AI will not become a threat to humans
The first reason I believe this is
To be more specific,
Our opponents think that
72
Unit
The Death
09 Penalty

Answer the following questions with a partner. Societies have used the death penalty for a very
1 If someone hurts you, is it okay to hurt that long time. People who committed very serious
person back in the same way? crimes were put to death in many different ways.
2 What kinds of punishment do you get at Today, many countries have stopped using the
home? death penalty. But some places still use it quite
often. It is true that the death penalty makes
3 Have you ever gotten in trouble for
something you did not do? people afraid of committing very serious crimes.
At the same time, taking someone’s life is never a
good thing.
Should the death penalty be allowed? 25
About 55 countries in the world currently allow the death penalty. Most executions
occur in China, Iran, and Pakistan. The death penalty is also used fairly often in the
U.S. Some believe that serious crimes require serious punishment. Should people be
sentenced to death for committing certain crimes?
The Death Penalty Should Be Allowed

To start, the death penalty is a deterrent against committing violent crimes. Everyone
is afraid of dying. If criminals know they can receive the death penalty, they are less
likely to commit serious crimes. A study by researchers at Duke University found that
murder rates in the U.S. went down whenever states used
the death penalty. In addition, the death penalty provides
justice. When a killer is put to death, it gives the families
of victims a sense of justice. For people who commit an
unforgivable crime, then death can be an appropriate
punishment.
The Death Penalty Should Not Be Allowed

To start, innocent people can be found guilty due to errors in the legal system. A study
at the University of Michigan found that four percent of prisoners who had been sentenced
to death in the U.S. turned out to be innocent. If the death penalty is banned, innocent
people will never lose their lives. In addition, the death penalty does not reduce crime.
Places with the death penalty often have more crime than
places without it. For instance, the murder rate is 5.6 out of
10,000 people in U.S. states with the death penalty while
it is 4.5 in states without it. This suggests that the death
penalty does not reduce murder rates.
74
Vocabulary Check
execution due to deterrent unforgivable committing
1. What you said is , so I can’t be your friend.
2. Charles I was the first king of England to die by .
3. The new policy will act as a(n) to drug abuse.
4. The flight was delayed bad weather.
5. Taking a chocolate bar without paying for it is theft.
1. Why is the death penalty a good deterrent against serious crimes?
Because families of victims will feel a sense of justice
Because even criminals do not want to lose their lives
2. When is the death penalty an appropriate punishment?

W hen someone commits an unforgivable crime such as murder
When the victim’s family asks for the death penalty
3. According to the passage, why can innocent people be found guilty?

Because they live in China , Pakistan, Iran, or the U.S.
Because of errors in the legal system
4. What is true about areas that have the death penalty?

They do not use the death penalty often enough for it to be effective.
They often have higher murder rates than places without the death penalty.
75
Building Arguments
Arguments Examples
1. Which sentence best summarizes the main argument in favor of allowing the death
penalty?
a. Most executions occur in China, Iran, and Pakistan.
b. The death penalty helps reduce violent crimes.
c. The death penalty has no real effect on reducing violent crime rates.
a. Everyone is afraid of dying, so criminals will be less likely to commit violent crimes.
b. Places with the death penalty often have more crime than places without it.
c. More countries believe that the death penalty is not an appropriate punishment.
chose above?
a. U.S. states without the death penalty had lower murder rates than states with it.
b. The death penalty provides justice to the families of violent crime victims.
c. A study at Duke University showed that crime rates dropped each time an
execution was carried out.

a. Families of victims get justice when the death penalty is used.
b. The death penalty should be banned since innocent people can be killed.
c. The death penalty can actually cost more money than keeping a criminal in jail.
76
Opinion Examples
Main Argument
The death penalty should be allowed.
Serious crimes need the death penalty. 26
When people commit serious crimes such as murder,

the best punishment is the death penalty. When
you take away someone else’s life, you have to
think about the consequences. Having such strict
punishment will make people afraid to murder others.
Criminals know they risk losing their lives by killing
another person. This is why the death penalty is
Chris effective.
Summary Chris thinks the best for serious crimes such
as is the death penalty.
Using the death penalty is wrong. 27
I agree that criminals need to be punished. But taking

their lives is wrong. This is why the death penalty
should be stopped. It is not right for a court to decide
if someone should be put to death. The death penalty
is a form of legalized murder. If killing another person
is a serious crime, then why should the government be
allowed to do it? It just doesn’t make sense.
Michelle
Summary Michelle thinks that the death penalty does not make
because it is a type of legalized .
77
• The death penalty can make crime rates lower.

• Taking away someone’s life is too serious a punishment.
• The death penalty is a proper punishment for people who commit serious crimes.
• The death penalty is a form of legalized murder.
The Death Penalty Should Be Allowed
1.
2.
The Death Penalty Should Not Be Allowed
1.
2.
78
Main Argument
The death penalty should be allowed.

AGREE DISAGREE
• S
upporting Argument : For one, the death • S
upporting Argument : For one, it is
penalty can help reduce crime rates. wrong for a government to take a
person’s life.
• S
upporting Example : To be specific, when • S
upporting Example : To be specific,
the punishment for crimes is very serious, being able to live is a basic human right.
people will be afraid to break the law. Putting criminals in prison is appropriate,
In the case of the death penalty, most but taking away a person’s life is too
people will not commit any serious crimes serious a punishment.
because they do not want to be killed.
79
What is your opinion? Do you think the death penalty should be allowed?
AGREE DISAGREE

It is my opinion that .
the death penalty should be allowed
allowing the death penalty is wrong
One reason is
This means that
It is the other team’s belief that
I disagree with this since
80
Unit
Renewable
10 Power

Answer the following questions with a partner. In our modern world, we use lots of electricity.
1 What do you use electricity for? We use it to make our lights shine at night. We
use it to keep our homes cool in the summer
2 Where do you think your electricity comes
from? and warm in the winter. We use it to make our
cellphones and computers work. The problem is
3 What are some better ways we can make
that producing this energy often creates lots of
power?
pollution. This hurts the planet. For this reason,
some people think the government needs to help
make renewable sources of clean energy.
Should governments focus on developing 28
renewable energy sources?

Renewable energy refers to power from the sun, water, and wind. These energy sources
will last forever. They make very little pollution. Even so, most of the world’s energy
still comes from nonrenewable sources such as coal and oil. Is it time for governments
to invest more in renewable energy?
Governments Should Focus on Renewable Power Sources

For one, governments need to develop renewable energy infrastructure. There are places
such as the U.S. Midwest that can make lots of renewable power. But there are not enough
power lines to send the power where people need it. In this case, only governments
can afford to invest in enough infrastructure to make this
power usable. Second, renewable power sources are cleaner.
Burning coal and oil creates lots of pollution. This affects
everyone on the Earth. The government’s role is to provide
a safe environment for citizens. Investing in renewable
energy will make the Earth cleaner for all.
Governments Should Not Focus on Renewable Power Sources

For one, renewable power is not efficient. For instance, coal is about 33 percent efficient.
But solar panels are only 14 percent efficient. So renewable energy sources do not
make as much power as old sources. This means that countries should continue using
traditional energy sources since they are more efficient. Second, private companies
can develop more creative renewable energy sources than
governments. Small companies are better at developing
unique ways to make clean energy. Specifically, the
company AltaRock Energy has developed power sources
using the heat in the Earth. Governments rarely create such
innovative energy solutions.
82
Vocabulary Check
renewable efficient innovative infrastructure invested
1. My team won the competition with ideas.
2. Rich countries have many highways and other .
3. sources of power have less impact on the Earth.
4. My father a lot of money in his restaurant business.
5. Buses can carry many people, so they are more than cars are.
1. What do countries need to do to fully use renewable energy?
They need to develop their power infrastructure more.
They need to make renewable energy sources closer to cities.
2. How can renewable energy sources provide a safer environment for citizens?
Renewable energy sources make more energy than coal and oil.
Renewable energy sources make less pollution than other energy forms.
3. Why is it difficult for countries to invest in renewable energy sources?

Because renewable energy sources create less energy than coal or oil
Because it is not possible to make renewable energy in most areas
4. Why is it better for private companies to develop renewable energy sources?

Because small businesses can create more innovative energy solution
‌Because governments do not have enough money to find creative energy
solution
83
Building Arguments
Arguments Examples
1. Which sentence best summarizes the main argument in favor of governments
developing renewable energy sources?
a. It is necessary for governments to invest in new sources of power.
b. Governments are already investing too much money into renewable energy.
c. Traditional energy sources will still be used for many years.
a. Some small companies are already investing in renewable energy.
b. Renewable energy sources can replace traditional energy sources.
c. Current energy sources are still cheaper options for governments.
chose above?
a. Governments can build millions of solar panels to replace coal factories.
b. Coal produces more energy than solar panels can produce.
c. Small companies can take more risks and invest in creative energy solutions.

a. Some forms of renewable energy are more efficient than other forms.
b. Renewable energy technology is not developed enough to invest in.
c. Investing in renewable energy will help make the environment cleaner for all
citizens.
84
Opinion Examples
Main Argument
Governments should focus on developing renewable energy sources.
Governments need to make renewable energy our main source 29

of power.
Our current energy sources won’t last forever. It’s

time for our governments to take action. They need to
develop renewable energy technology. This technology
isn’t good enough to replace coal and oil yet. But it won’t
get better unless governments invest in it to develop it.
For the future of the planet, governments need to take
responsibility by developing renewable energy sources. Kayla
Summary Kayla argues that renewable energy technology will not get
unless governments in it.
Small companies can invest in renewable energy instead of 30

the government.
Governments should provide citizens with safe and

stable sources of power. This means they should use reliable
sources of energy. The problem with renewable energy is
that it is not developed enough currently. It can’t make
enough energy for most needs. So it’s better for smaller
companies to improve renewable energy technology.
Once the technology gets better, governments can
start using it to make energy for citizens. Jackson
Summary Jackson thinks that governments should use
sources of for now.
85
• Many governments do not have enough money to invest in renewable energy.

• Renewable energy sources will not develop until governments invest in them.
• Most renewable sources of energy do not produce enough power yet.
• These new energy sources will make the environment cleaner for everyone.
Governments Should Focus on Renewable Power Sources
1.
2.
Governments Should Not Focus on Renewable Power Sources
1.
2.
86
Main Argument
Governments should focus on developing renewable energy sources.

AGREE DISAGREE
• S
upporting Argument : For one, if the • S
upporting Argument : For one, investing
government invests in renewable energy in renewable energy sources is not a
now, it will be better for the future. good use of tax money.
• S
upporting Example : More specifically, • S
upporting Example : More specifically,
it will take many years to develop renewable energy sources are not very
infrastructure for renewable energy. efficient. They do not produce enough
Building enough power lines will take energy to replace older energy sources.
years. It is better to invest in them now. For now, the government should not risk
So there will be enough energy production tax money by investing in renewable
when traditional sources run out. energy sources.
87
What is your opinion? Do you think governments should focus on developing
renewable energy sources? Choose your opinion and then make your arguments.
AGREE DISAGREE

governments should focus on developing renewable energy sources
it is not proper for governments to invest in renewable energy sources
First of all,
To be specific,
It is the other team’s opinion that
88

DEBATE PRO Junior 4 - 학원용

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DEBATE PRO Junior 4 - 학원용

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Book 4

Author Jonathan S. McClelland

First published in April 2018

Copyright © 2018 Darakwon, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in

All photos used in this book are credited to Shutterstock.com.

Components Main Book / Workbook / 1 Audio CD

Each book contains an audio CD with recordings of the reading passages

The Debate Pro Junior series has the following features:

• Exercises that require students to formulate arguments and examples about

About This Book 06

Unit 01 Cashless Society 09

Unit 02 Online Education 17

Unit 03 Creative Subjects 25

Unit 04 Public Smoking Bans 33

Unit 05 Parenting Classes 41

Unit 06 Preserving Land 49

Unit 07 Foreign Aid 57

Unit 08 Artificial Intelligence 65

Unit 09 The Death Penalty 73

Unit 10 Renewable Power 81

Warm-Up & Introducing the Topic

Learning about the Topic

Vocabulary Check & Comprehension

Organizing Supporting Arguments

Making Your Arguments

Warm-Up Introducing the Topic

Should countries replace cash with other 01

Countries Should Stop Using Cash

Countries Should Keep Using Cash

transaction privacy currency innocent anonymous

1. Each country has its own national .

2. No one knows who gave us the money. The person is .

3. Melinda was found and did not have to go to jail.

4. Sometimes it is hard to protect people’s on the Internet.

5. I get a text message for every in my bank account.

2. Why is people’s money more protected with debit cards?

3. What makes using cash more private than using cards?

4. Why are electronic payment methods not always safe?

4. Which sentence is the best counterargument against the opposite team?

Countries should replace cash with other payment forms.

It is time for countries to get rid of cash! 02

In our modern world, we need to use smarter ways of

than around money.

That’s not it! We need to keep using cash. 03

There are advantages to using electronic forms of

Summary Michelle says that we still need because

even money can be stolen.

• If people lose cash, it is hard for them to get it back.

Countries Should Stop Using Cash

Countries Should Keep Using Cash

Countries should replace cash with other payment forms.

Example Supporting Arguments

Choose your main argument.

Write your supporting argument with a supporting example.

The other team argues that

I disagree with this because

Warm-Up Introducing the Topic

Should schools make their classes online? 04

Online Classes Are Better

Traditional Classes Are Better

social interaction advantage get along with customized

1. One of living in a big city is public transportation.

• Exercises that require students to formulate arguments and examples about

About This Book 06

Unit 01 Cashless Society 09

Unit 02 Online Education 17

Unit 03 Creative Subjects 25

Unit 04 Public Smoking Bans 33

Unit 05 Parenting Classes 41

Unit 06 Preserving Land 49

Unit 07 Foreign Aid 57

Unit 08 Artificial Intelligence 65

Unit 09 The Death Penalty 73

Unit 10 Renewable Power 81