26 ) Data collected by the Oil Price Information Service from more than a) Use the sample data to estima

90,000 gasoline and convenience stores throughout the U.S. showed that price for a gallon of unleaded gas
the average price for a gallon of unleaded gasoline was $3.28 (MSN Auto
website, February 2, 2014). The following data show the price per gallon Francisco.
($) for a sample of 20 gasoline and convenience stores located in San
Francisco Media
3.72

Price per Gallon ($) b. Compute the sample standard

3.59
3.59 0.294832691
4.79
3.56 c. Compare the mean price per g
3.55 sample data to the national aver
3.71 conclusions can you draw about
3.65 San Francisco?
3.6
3.75
3.56 El precio promedio del galón de gaso
3.57
3.59
3.55
3.99
4.15
3.66
3.63
3.73
3.61
3.57

20 74.4
27. ) The results of a search to find the least expensive round-trip flights
to Atlanta and Salt Lake City from 14 major U.S. cities are shown in the
following table. The departure date was June 20, 2012, and the return
date was June 27, 2012

Departure City Cost to Fly to Atlanta Cost to Fly to Salt Lake City
Cincinnati 340.1 570.1
New York 321.6 354.6
Chicago 291.6 465.6
Denver 339.6 219.6
Los Angeles 359.6 311.6
Seattle 384.6 297.6
Detroit 309.6 471.6
Philadelphia 415.6 618.4
Washington, D.C. 293.6 513.6
Miami 249.6 523.2
San Francisco 539.6 381.6
Las Vegas 455.6 159.6
Phoenix 359.6 267.6
Dallas 333.9 458.6

28) The Australian Open is the first of the four Grand Slam professional tennis events
held each year. Victoria Azarenka beat Maria Sharapova to win the 2012 Australian
Open women’s title (Washington Post, January 27, 2012). During the tournament Ms.
Azarenka’s serve speed reached 178 kilometers per hour. A list of the 20 Women’s
Singles serve speed leaders for the 2012 Australian Open is provided below.

Player Serve Speed (km/h)

S. Williams 191
S. Lisicki 190
M. Keys 187
L. Hradecka 187
J. Gajdosova 187
J. Hampton 181
B. Mattek-Sands 181
F. Schiavone 179
P. Parmentier 179
N. Petrova 179
G. Arn 179
V. Azarenka 178
A. Ivanovic 178
P. Kvitova 178
M. Krajicek 178
V. Dushevina 178
S. Stosur 178
S. Cirstea 177
M. Barthel 177
P. Ormaechea 177

29 ) The Los Angeles Times regularly reports the air quality index for A) Compute the range and interquar
various areas of Southern California. A sample of air quality index values
for Pomona provided the following data: 28, 42, 58, 48, 45, 55, 60, 49, and
50 32
29 ) The Los Angeles Times regularly reports the air quality index for
various areas of Southern California. A sample of air quality index values
for Pomona provided the following data: 28, 42, 58, 48, 45, 55, 60, 49, and
50

b. Compute the sample variance and

9.630680142

30.) The following data were used to construct the histograms of the
number of days required to fill orders for Dawson Supply, Inc., and J.C. daison
Clark Distributors
rango
2
Desvicion estandar
0.674948558
dawson clark
11 8
10 10
9 13
10 7
11 10
11 11
10 10
11 7
10 15
10 12

31) The results of Accounting Principals’ latest Workonomix survey indicate the
average American worker spends $1092 on coffee annually (The
Consumerist, January 20, 2012). To determine if there are any differences in
coffee expenditures by age group, samples of 10 consumers were selected
for three age groups (18–34, 35–44, and 45 and Older). The dollar amount
each consumer in the sample spent last year on coffee is provided below.

32) that spend the most on advertising. Consumer-goods company Procter &
Gamble has often topped the list, spending billions of dollars annually
(Advertising Age website, March 12, 2013). Consider the data found in the file
Advertising. It contains annual advertising expenditures for a sample of 20
companies in the automotive sector and 20 companies in the department
store sector.that spend the most on advertising. Consumer-goods company Procter &
Gamble has often topped the list, spending billions of dollars annually
(Advertising Age website, March 12, 2013). Consider the data found in the file
Advertising. It contains annual advertising expenditures for a sample of 20
companies in the automotive sector and 20 companies in the department
store sector.
(Advertising Age website, March 12, 2013). Consider the data found in the file
Advertising. It contains annual advertising expenditures for a sample of 20
companies in the automotive sector and 20 companies in the department
store sector.that spend the most on advertising. Consumer-goods company Procter &
Gamble has often topped the list, spending billions of dollars annually
(Advertising Age website, March 12, 2013). Consider the data found in the file
Advertising. It contains annual advertising expenditures for a sample of 20
companies in the automotive sector and 20 companies in the department
store sector.

Scores turned in by an amateur golfer at the Bonita Fairways Golf Course in

Bonita Springs, Florida, during 2011 and 2012 are as follows:

media
2011 2012 desviacion est.
74 71
78 70 b. What is the primary difference in performance b
79 75
77 77 al final los 2 años tienen el mismo promedio pero e
75 85
73 80
75 71
77 79

34) The following times were recorded by the quarter-mile and mile runners of a
university track team (times are in minutes).

promedio
Quarter-Mile Mile Times:
0.92 4.52
0.98 4.35
1.04 4.6
0.9 4.7
0.99 4.5
) Use the sample data to estimate the mean
rice for a gallon of unleaded gasoline in San
rancisco.

. Compute the sample standard deviation

Desviacion estandar

. Compare the mean price per gallon for the

ample data to the national average price. What
onclusions can you draw about the cost living in
an Francisco?

precio promedio del galón de gasolina sin plomo en San Francisco es mucho más alto que el promedio del país

a) Compute the mean price for a round-trip flight into Atlanta and the
mean price for a round-trip flight into Salt Lake City. Is Atlanta less
expensive to fly into than Salt Lake City? If so, what could explain this
difference?

El precio medio de un viaje redondo para Atlanta es $356.73, y para Salt

Lake City es $400.95. Los vuelos hacia Atlanta son más económicos que los
vuelos a Salt Lake City.

356.7285714 400.95

b. Compute the range, variance, and standard deviation for the two
samples. What does this information tell you about the prices for flights
into these two cities?

rango varianza
 249.6 290 5517.408352
291.6
293.6
309.6
321.6
333.9
339.6
340.1
359.6
359.6
384.6
415.6
455.6
539.6

a.) Compute the mean, variance, and standard deviation

for the serve speeds.

media varianza desviacion estandar

180.95 21.41842105 4.628004003

b.) A similar sample of the 20 Women’s Singles serve speed leaders

for the 2011 Wimbledon tournament showed a sample mean
serve speed of 182.5 kilometers per hour. The variance and
standard deviation were 33.3 and 5.77, respectively. Discuss any
difference between the serve speeds in the Australian Open and
the Wimbledon women’s tournaments.

Aunque la media de la velocidad de los servicios para Singles de

mujeres en el torneo de Wimbledon de 2011 es ligeramente
superior, la diferencia es muy pequeña. Además, considerando la
variación en la velocidad de los servicios del Abierto de Australia en
2012 y del torneo de Wimbledon en 2011, la diferencia en la media
de la velocidad de los servicios se debe principalmente a una
variación aleatoria en el desempeño de las jugadoras.

Compute the range and interquartile range

Compute the sample variance and sample standard deviation

clark
rango
8
svicion estandar Desviacion estandar
2.584139659

a. Compute the mean, variance, and standard deviation for the each of these three samples.

a. What is the mean advertising spent for each sector?

 a. Use the mean and standard deviation to evaluate the golfer’s performance over the two-year period.

2011 2012
76 76
2.070196678 5.264435935

mary difference in performance between 2011 and 2012? What improvement, if any, can be seen in the 2012 scores?

tienen el mismo promedio pero en el año 2012 fue menos constante, esto lo vimos graciias a la desviacion estandar

s desvicion estandar
Quarter-Mile Mile Times:
0.056391489 0.129537639

0.966 4.534

coheficiente de varianza
0.058376282 0.028570278
41) A consulting firm submitted a bid for a large research project. The firm’s
management initially felt they had a 50–50 chance of getting the project.
However, the agency to which the bid was submitted subsequently requested
additional information on the bid. Past experience indicates that for 75% of the
successful bids and 40% of the unsuccessful bids the agency requested
additional information.

42 ) A local bank reviewed its credit card policy with the

intention of recalling some of its credit cards. In the past
approximately 5% of cardholders defaulted, leaving the
bank unable to collect the outstanding balance. Hence, management
established a prior probability of .05 that any particular cardholder will default.
The bank also found that the probability of missing a monthly payment is .20
for customers who do not default. Of course, the probability of missing a
monthly payment for those who default is 1.

43). In August 2012, tropical storm Isaac formed in the Caribbean and was
headed
for the Gulf of Mexico. There was an initial probability of .69 that Isaac would
become a hurricane by the time it reached the Gulf of Mexico (National
Hurricane Center website, August 21, 2012).
44.) ParFore created a website to market golf equipment and golf apparel.
Management would like a special pop-up offer to appear for female website
visitors and a different special pop-up offer to appear for male website visitors.
From a sample of past website visitors, ParFore’s management learned that
60% of the visitors are male and 40% are female.
The percentage of adult users of the Internet who use Facebook has
increased over time (Pew Research Internet Project, 2013). Of adult Internet
users age 18–49, 81% use Facebook. Of adult Internet users age 50 and
older, 54% use Facebook. Assume that 52% of adult Internet users are age
18–49.
a. What is the prior probability of the bid being successful (that is, prior to the request for additional information)?
50%

b. What is the conditional probability of a request for additional information given that the bid will ultimately be successful?

P(B | S1) = 0.75

c. Compute the posterior probability that the bid will be successful given a request for additional information

(.50)(.75) 0.375
(.50)(.75) (.50)(.40) 0.575 0.65

a. Given that a customer missed one or more monthly payments, compute the posterior probability that the customer will def

M = falta de pago
D1 = el cliente no paga
D2 = el cliente paga

P(D1) = .05 P(D2) = .95 P(M | D2) = .2 P(M | D1) = 1

P(D ) (M D ) (.05)(1) 0.05

P(D1 )P (M |D1 )+ P(D2 )P (M|D2 ) (.05)(1) (.95)(.2) 0.24

b. The bank would like to recall its card if the probability that a customer
will default is greater than .20. Should the bank recall its card if the
customer misses a monthly payment? Why or why not?

Sí, la probabilidad de que el cliente no cumpla es mayor que 0.20.

H = evento de que Isaac se convierta en huracán cuando llegue a las costas del Golfo de México
T = evento de que Isaac no se convierta en huracán y se mantenga como tormenta tropical cuando llegue al Golfo de México.

a.) What was the probability that Isaac would not become a hurricane but remain a tropical storm when it reached the Gulf of
P(H) = .69
P(T) = P(H C ) =1- P(H) =1-.69 = .31 0.31

b. Two days later, the National Hurricane Center projected the path of
Isaac would pass directly over Cuba before reaching the Gulf of Mexico.
How did passing over Cuba alter the probability that Isaac would
become a hurricane by the time it reached the Gulf of Mexico? Use the
following probabilities to answer this question. Hurricanes that reach the
Gulf of Mexico have a .08 probability of having passed over Cuba.
Tropical storms that reach the Gulf of Mexico have a .20 probability of
having passed over Cuba.
Isaac would pass directly over Cuba before reaching the Gulf of Mexico.
How did passing over Cuba alter the probability that Isaac would
become a hurricane by the time it reached the Gulf of Mexico? Use the
following probabilities to answer this question. Hurricanes that reach the
Gulf of Mexico have a .08 probability of having passed over Cuba.
Tropical storms that reach the Gulf of Mexico have a .20 probability of
having passed over Cuba.

C = evento de que Isaac pase sobre Cuba

P(C| H) = .08 P(C|T) = .20

P(H |C) = P(H)P(C | H) (.69)(.08)

P(H)P(C | H) + P(T)P(C |T) (.69)(.08) + (.31)(.20)

c. What happens to the probability of becoming a hurricane when a

tropical storm passes over a landmass such as Cuba?

Al atravesar una masa de tierra como Cuba tenderá a desacelerar y

convertirse en una tormenta
tropical. Como muestra este ejercicio, la probabilidad de que la tormenta
tropical Isaac se vuelva
huracán al llegar al Golfo de México cayó de 0.69 a 0.4710 cuando se reveló
que pasaría sobre
Cuba.

a.) What is the probability that a current visitor to the website is female?

M = el visitante del sitio web de ParFore es hombre

F = el visitante del sitio web de Parfore es mujer
D = el visitante del sitio web de ParFore visitó antes el sitio de Dillard

P(F) = .40.

b.) Suppose 30% of ParFore’s female visitors previously visited the Dillard’s
Department Store website and 10% of ParFore’s male visitors
previously visited the Dillard’s Department Store website. If the current
visitor to ParFore’s website previously visited the Dillard’s website, what
is the revised probability that the current visitor is female? Should the
ParFore’s website display the special offer that appeals to female
visitors or the special offer that appeals to male visitors?

P(M) = 0.60, P(D | F) = .30 , y P(D | M) = .10

(.40)(.30)
(.40)(.30) + (.60)(.10) 0.6667
 a.) What is the probability that a randomly selected adult user of the
Internet is age 50 or older?

A1 = la edad del usuario de Internet sea de 18 a 49

A2 = la edad del usuario de Internet sea de 50 o más
F = Utilice Facebook

P(F | A 1 ) = .81, P(F | A2 ) = .54, y P(A 1 ) = .52

P(A 2 ) = 1- P(A 1 ) = 1- .52 = .48 0.48

b.) Given that an adult Internet user uses Facebook, what is the probability that he/she is age 18–49?

La probabilidad de que un adulto usuario de internet tenga entre 18 y 49

años es de 0.52. Si se sabe
que la persona usa Facebook, la probabilidad aumenta a 0.6190

0.4212
.4212 +.2592 0.619
ditional information)?

d will ultimately be successful?

nal information

ability that the customer will default.

0.21

ando llegue al Golfo de México.

torm when it reached the Gulf of Mexico?

0.471
46. Phone calls arrive at the rate of 48 per hour at the a.) Compute the probability of receiving three
reservation desk for
Regional Airways.
𝜇 = 48 (5/60) =

48 b.) Compute the probability of receiving exactl

1
𝜇 = 48 (15 / 60) = 12

c). Suppose no calls are currently on hold. If th

complete the current call, how many callers do
by that time? What is the probability that non

Se espera que haya 4 personas esperando cua

d. If no calls are currently being processed, wh

agent can take 3 minutes for personal time wit
a call?

𝜇 = 48 (3 / 60) = 2.4

f (0) =

47. During the period of time that a local university takes phone-in a.) What is the expected numbe
registrations,
calls come in at the rate of one every two minutes.
30 por hora.

b. What is the probability of thr

𝜇 = 1 (5/2) = 5/2

c. What is the probability of no

8. In 2011, New York City had a total of 11,232 motor vehicle accidents that
occurred on Monday through Friday between the hours of 3 p.m. and 6 p.m.
(New York State Department of Motor Vehicles website, October 24, 2012).
This corresponds to mean of 14.4 accidents per hour.
8. In 2011, New York City had a total of 11,232 motor vehicle accidents that
occurred on Monday through Friday between the hours of 3 p.m. and 6 p.m.
(New York State Department of Motor Vehicles website, October 24, 2012).
This corresponds to mean of 14.4 accidents per hour.

49.) Airline passengers arrive randomly and independently at the

passengerscreening facility at a major international airport. The mean arrival
rate is 10
passengers per minute.

50. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA),

the state of Colorado averages 18 tornadoes every June (NOAA website, 𝜇
November 8, 2012). (Note: There are 30 days in June.)
51. Over 500 million tweets are sent per day (Digital Marketing Ramblings
website, December 15, 2014). Assume that the number of tweets per hour
follows a Poisson distribution and that Bob receives on average 7 tweets
during his lunch hour.

𝜇
𝜇
e probability of receiving three calls in a 5-minute interval of time.

probability of receiving exactly 10 calls in 15 minutes

12

alls are currently on hold. If the agent takes 5 minutes to

rrent call, how many callers do you expect to be waiting
hat is the probability that none will be waiting?

aya 4 personas esperando cuando termine la llamada

currently being processed, what is the probability that the

minutes for personal time without being interrupted by

0.0907

.) What is the expected number of calls in one hour?

. What is the probability of three calls in five minutes?

= 1 (5/2) = 5/2 0.2138

What is the probability of no calls in a five-minute period?

0.0821

a. Compute the probability of no accidents in a 15-minute period.

Para un periodo de 15 minutos la media es 14.4/4 = 3.6

 0.0273

b. Compute the probability of at least one accident in a 15-minute period.

= 1 - f(0) = 1 - 0.2073 = 0.9727

c. Compute the probability of four or more accidents in a 15-minute period.

= 1 - [..0273+ .0984 + .1771 + .2125] = .4847 0.4847

a. Compute the probability of no arrivals in a one-minute period

0.000045

b. Compute the probability that three or fewer passengers arrive in a oneminute period.

0.00045

c. Compute the probability of no arrivals in a 15-second period

0.0821

d. Compute the probability of at least one arrival in a 15-second period.

1 - f (0) = 1 - .0821 = 0.9179 0.9179

a. Compute the mean number of tornadoes per day.

𝜇 = 18/30 = 0.6 por día durante el mes de junio. 0.6

b. Compute the probability of no tornadoes during a day

0.5488
 c. Compute the probability of exactly one tornado during a day.

0.3293

d. Compute the probability of more than one tornado during a day.

P(más de 1) = 1 - f (0) - f (1) = 1 ̶ 0.5488 ̶ 0.3293 = 0.1219

|

a. What is the probability that Bob receives no tweets during his lunch hour?

0.0009

b. What is the probability that Bob receives at least 4 tweets during his lunch hour?

0.9182

c. What is the expected number of tweets Bob receives during the first 30 minutes of his lunch hour?

𝜇 = 7 por hora
𝜇 = 7/2 = 3.5 por 30 minutos 3.5 por 30

d. What is the probability that Bob receives no tweets during the first 30 minutes of his lunch hour?

0.0302
 GUIA 2 - INTRO A PROBABILIDAD
a
p(N) no dar respuestas 0.04
p(C) corto en expectativas 0.26
p(E) llego a expectativas 0.65
p(A) paso expectitivas x
p(A) 1-(.004+0.26+.65) 0.05

p(A) 0.05 5%

b
p(N) no dar respuestas 0.04
p(C) corto en expectativas 0.26
p(E) llego a expectativas 0.65
p(A) paso expectitivas 0.05
p(E) ∪ P(C) 0.65+0.26 - (0.65 * 0.26) 0.6675

p(E) ∪ P(C) 0.6675 66.7%

a
p(A) Sentir cukpa por comida 0.39
p(B) probabilidad culpable luz 0.27
p(C) probabilidad de ambas 0.12

p(B ∪ A) 0.39 + .27 - .12 0.54

p(B) U p(A) 0.54 54%

b
p(A) culpable de gastar comida 0.39
p(B) probabilidad culpable luz 0.27
p(C) probabilidad de ambas 0.12
p(B) U p(A) 0.54
P(D) No sentir culpa x
P(D) 0.54 - 1 0.46

p(D) 0.46 46%

a
p(A)= ACC sea campeon 10 veces campeon 0.5
p(B)= SEC sea cempeon 8 veces campeon 0.4
p(A) 0.5 50%

b
p(A)= ACC sea campeon 10 veces campeon 0.5
p(B)= SEC sea cempeon 8 veces campeon 0.4

p(B) 0.4 40%

c
p(A)= ACC sea campeon 10 veces campeon 0.5
p(B)= SEC sea cempeon 8 veces campeon 0.4

p(A) ∩ p(B) 1/20 0.05

0.05 5%
d
p(A)= ACC sea campeon 10 veces campeon 0.5
p(B)= SEC sea cempeon 8 veces campeon 0.4

p(A) U p(B) 0.5+.0.4-.05 0.85

0.85 85%
e
p(A)= ACC sea campeon 10 veces campeon 0.5
p(B)= SEC sea cempeon 8 veces campeon 0.4
p(C) ambos equipos campeonato 0.85

p(A) U p(B) 1-0.85 0.15

15 15%

a
p(A) trabajo
p(B) personal
p(A) 50%

ss
AD
Probabilidad y Estadistica Quiz 7 Repaso Final
Guia 9 Problema 46

u 48 / hour
u 0.8 / min

a. f(x=3 en 5 mins) = 0.43347 = 43.35%

b. f(x=10 en 15 mins) = 0.347229 = 34.72%
c. Llamadas = u*5 mins = 4
f(x=0 en 5 mins) = 0.018316 = 1.83%
d. f(x=0 en 3 mins) = 0.090718 = 9.07%

Guia 8 Problema 34
a. f(x) = (1/20)*e^(-x/20)
b. f(x<=15) = 1 - e^(-15/20) = 0.527633 = 52.76%
c. f(x>20) = e^(-20/20) = 0.367879 = 36.79%
d. f(x<=5) = 1 - e^(-5/7) = 0.510458 = 51.05%

Guia 8 Problema 34

n 10
p 0.4

a. f(x=0) = 0.006047 = 0.60%

b. f(x=1) = 0.040311 = 4.03%
c. f(x>=2) = 0.953643 = 95.36%
d. f(x>5) = 0.166239 = 16.62%
2,78

32. The automobile industry sold 657,000 vehicles in the United States
during January 2009 (The Wall Street Journal, February 4, 2009). This
volume was down 37% from January 2008 as economic conditions
continued to decline. The Big Three U.S. automakers—General Motors, Ford,
and Chrysler—sold 280,500 vehicles, down 48% from January 2008. A
summary of sales by automobile manufacturer and type of vehicle sold is
shown in the following table. Data are in thousands of vehicles. The non-U.S.
manufacturers are led by Toyota, Honda, and Nissan. The category Light
Truck includes pickup, minivan, SUV, and crossover models
Primer ejercicio

fabricante
estadounidense
N = fabricante
no
estadounidense
C = Automóvil
L = Camión
ligero
 Students taking the Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT) were
asked about their undergraduate major and intent to pursue their MBA as a
full-time or part-time student. A summary of their responses follows.
a. Develop a joint probability table for these data.
Especialidad ingenieria otra
0.151 0.192
0.123 0.149
Total 0.274 0.341

b. Use the marginal probabilities of undergraduate major (business,

engineering, or other) to comment on which undergraduate major produces
the most potential MBA students.
P(Negocios) = 0.385, P(Ingeniería) = 0.274, y P(Otros) = 0.341, por lo que
Negocios es la especialidad que genera el mayor número potencial de
estudiantes de maestría en administración.

C.If a student intends to attend classes full-time in pursuit of an MBA

degree, what is the probability that the student was an undergraduate
engineering major?
0.151/0.613 = 0.246

d. If a student was an undergraduate business major, what is the probability

that the student intends to attend classes full-time in pursuit of an MBA
degree?
0.270/0.385=0.701

e. Let A denote the event that the student intends to attend classes fulltime
in pursuit of an MBA degree, and let B denote the event that the student
was an undergraduate business major. Are events A and B independent?
Justify your answer.
sea A el evento de que el estudiante desee asistir a clases de tiempo
completo para la obtención de su maestría en administración y B el evento
de que tenga una especialidad licenciatura de negocios. ¿A y B son eventos
independientes? Explique
 Para ver la independencia, debemos tener que
P (A)P(B)P (A)(B) = ?; de la tabla de probabilidades
conjuntas del inciso a tenemos
P(A) = 0.613
P(B) = 0.385
Por lo que P (A) P (B)= (0.387) (0.385)= 0.236
P(A*B)=0.270
Como P (A) P (B)(A B) =! P(A*B) los eventos no son independientes.

The Bureau of Transportation Statistics reports on-time performance for

airlines at major U.S. airports. JetBlue, United, and US Airways share
terminal C at Boston’s Logan Airport. The percentage of on-time flights
reported for August 2012 was 76.8% for JetBlue, 71.5% for United, and
82.2% for US Airways (Bureau of Transportation Statistics website, October
2012). Assume that 30% of the flights arriving at terminal C are JetBlue
flights, 32% are United flights, and 38% are US Airways flights.

Sea O = llegadas a tiempo L = llegada demorada J = vuelo de Jet Blue N =

vuelo de United U = vuelo de US Airway
Dado que: P(O | J) = 0.768 P(O | N) = 0.715
P(J) = 0.30 P(N) = 0.32
P(J ÇO) = P(J)P(O| J) = (.30)(.768) = .2304 P(N
ÇO) = P(N)P(O| N) = (.32)(.715) =.2288
P(U ÇO) = P(U)P(O|U) = (.38)(.822) =.3124
Con las probabilidades marginales P(J) = 0.30, P(N) = 0.32, y P(U) = 0.38, la
tabla de probabilidad conjunta puede mostrarse de la siguiente manera:
A Tiempo
Jet blue 0.2304
United 0.2288
US A 0.3124
Total 0.7716
b. An announcement is made that Flight 1382 will be arriving at gate 20 of
terminal C. What is the probability that Flight 1382 will arrive on time?
P(O) = 0.2304 + 0.2288 + 0.3124 = 0.7716
c. What is the most likely airline for Flight 1382? What is the probability
that Flight 1382 is by this airline?

Como US Airways tiene el porcentaje más alto de vuelos en las terminal C,

US Airways con P(U) = 0.38 es la aerolínea más probable para el vuelo 1382.
d. Suppose that an announcement is made saying that Flight 1382 will now
be arriving late. What is the most likely airline for this flight? What is the
probability that Flight 1382 is by this airline?
d. De la tabla de probabilidad conjunta, P(L) = 0.2284
0.0696/.2284=0.3047
0.0912/0.2284=.3992
0.0676/0.2284=0.2961
Ahora, la aerolínea más probable para el vuelo 1382 es United con una
probabilidad de0.3992. US Airways es ahora la aerolínea menos probable
con una probabilidad de 0.2961.

To better understand how husbands and wives feel about their finances,
Money Magazine conducted a national poll of 1010 married adults age 25
and older with household incomes of $50,000 or more (Money Magazine
website, December 14, 2014). Consider the following example set of
responses to the question, “Who is better at getting deals?
YO
Esposo 0.2752
Esposa 0.2871
Total 0.5624

b. Construct the marginal probabilities for Who Is Better (I Am, My Spouse,

We Are Equal). Comment.
Usando las probabilidades marginales, P(I) = 0.5642, P(S) = 0.2356 y P(E) =
0.2020. “Yo” es la respuesta más probable, casi el doble que “Mi cónyuge” o
“Somos iguales.”

c. Given that the respondent is a husband, what is the probability that he

feels he is better at getting deals than his wife?
P(I/H)0.2752/0.5020=0.5483
c. Given that the respondent is a husband, what is the probability that he
feels he is better at getting deals than his wife?
P(I|W)0.2871/0.4980=0.5765
e. Given a response “My spouse” is better at getting deals, what is the
probability that the response came from a husband?
P(H|S)0.1257/0.2356
f. Given a response “We are equal,” what is the probability that the
response came from a husband? What is the probability that the
response came from a wife?
P(H|E)0.1010/0,2020=0.5
P(W|E)0.101/0.2020=0.5
36. Jamal Crawford of the National Basketball Association’s Portland Trail
Blazers is the best free-throw shooter on the team, making 93% of his shots
(ESPN website, April 5, 2012). Assume that late in a basketball game, Jamal
Crawford is fouled and is awarded two shots.

a. What is the probability that he will make both shots?

Tenemos que P(anotar el tiro) = 0.93 para cada tiro por falta, por lo que la
probabilidad de que Jamal Crawford anote ambos tiros es P(anotar el tiro)
P(anotar el tiro) = (0.93)(0.93) = 0.8649.
b.What is the probability that he will make at least one shot?

Hay tres formas únicas en que Jamal Crawford anote al menos un tiro, que
anote el primero y falle el segundo, que falle el primero y anote el segundo,
o que anote ambos tiros. Como “fallar el tiro” es un complemento del
evento “anotar el tiro” P(fallar el tiro) = 1 – P(anotar el tiro) = 1 – 0.93 =
0.07. Por lo que:
P(anotar el tiro) P(fallar el tiro) = (0.93)(0.07) = 0.0651
P(fallar el tiro) P(anotar el tiro) = (0.07)(0.93) = 0.0651
P(anotar el tiro) P(anotar el tiro) = (0.93)(0.93) = 0.8649/0.9951
c. Podemos encontrar esta probabilidad de dos formas. Podemos calcular la
probabilidad de forma directa:
P(fallar el tiro) P(fallar el tiro) = (0.07)(0.07) = 0.0049
c. What is the probability that he will miss both shots?

P(anotar el tiro) = 0.58 para cada tiro por falta, por lo que la probabilidad de
que el centro de los Trail Blazers de Portland anote dos tiros consecutivos
por falta es P(anotar el tiro) P(anotar el tiro) = (0.58)(0.58) = 0.3364.
d. Late in a basketball game, a team often intentionally fouls an opposing
player in order to stop the game clock. The usual strategy is to intentionally
foul the other team’s worst free-throw shooter. Assume that the Portland
Trail Blazers’ center makes 58% of his free-throw shots. Calculate the
probabilities for the center as shown in parts (a), (b), and (c), and show that
intentionally fouling the Portland Trail Blazers’ center is a better strategy
than intentionally fouling Jamal Crawford. Assume as in parts (a), (b), and (c)
that two shots will be awarded.

Para el centro de los Trail Blazers de Portland, tenemos:P(anotar el tiro) =

0.58 para cada tiro por falta, por lo que la probabilidad de que el centro de
los
Trail Blazers de Portland anote dos tiros consecutivos por falta es P(anotar el
tiro) P(anotar el tiro) =
(0.58)(0.58) = 0.3364.

Nuevamente, hay tres formas únicas en las que el centro de los Trail Blazers
de Portland puede anotar al menos un tiro. Puede anotar el primero y fallar
el segundo, fallar el primero y anotar el segundo o anotar ambos. Como el
evento “fallar el tiro” es complementario de “anotar el tiro”, P(fallar el tiro)
= 1 – P(anotar el tiro) = 1 – 0.58 = 0.42. Thus
P(anotar el tiro) P(fallar el tiro) = (0.58)(0.42) = 0.2436
P(fallar el tiro) P(anotar el tiro) = (0.42)(0.58) = 0.2436
P(anotar el tiro) P(anotar el tiro) = (0.58)(0.58) =0.3364/0.8236
Podemos encontrar la probabilidad de que el centro de los Trail Blazers de
Portland falle ambos tiros de dos maneras. Se puede calcular la probabilidad
de forma directa.
P(fallar el tiro) P(fallar el tiro) = (0.42)(0.42) = 0.1764
O se puede identificar el evento “fallar el tiro” como complemento de
“anotar al menos un tiro”, por lo que
P(fallar el tiro) P(fallar el tiro) = 1 - 0.9951 = 0.1764
Cometer falta contra el centro de los Trail Blazers de Portland es una mejor
estrategia que cometer falta contra Jamal Crawford.

37.A joint survey by Parade magazine and Yahoo! found that 59% of
American
workers say that if they could do it all over again, they would choose a
different career (USA Today, September 24, 2012). The survey also found
that
33% of American workers say they plan to retire early and 67% say they plan
to wait and retire at age 65 or older. Assume that the following joint
probability
table applies.
37. Sea S = el trabajador elige la misma profesión D = el trabajador elige una
carrera diferente E = el trabajador planea un retiro anticipado
a. What is the probability a worker would select the same career?
P(S) =1- P(D) =1-.59 = .41 como probabilidad marginal en la tabla
b.What is the probability a worker who would select the same career plans
to retire early?
P(E|S)0.2/41=0.4878
c. What is the probability a worker who would select a different career plans to retire early?
P(E|D)0.13/0.59=.2203
d. What do the conditional probabilities in parts (b) and (c) suggest about
the reasons workers say they would select the same career?

La probabilidad de que el trabajador planee un retiro anticipado es mayor

para los trabajadores que eligen la misma profesión. Esto sugiere que una
de las razones por las que el trabajador elige la misma profesión es porque
existe mayor probabilidad de un retiro anticipado. Por otra parte, el
trabajador que elige una carrera diferente puede sentirse atrapado por
tener una probabilidad menor de un retiro anticipado.

The Institute for Higher Education Policy, a Washington, D.C.-based research

firm, studied the payback of student loans for 1.8 million college students
who had student loans that began to become due six years ago (The Wall
Street Journal, November 27, 2012). The study found that 50% of the
student loans were being paid back in a satisfactory fashion, whereas 50% of
the student loans were delinquent. The following joint probability table
shows the probabilities of the student loan status and whether or not the
student had received a college degree.

Sea Y = tiene grado universitario N = no tiene grado universitario D =

préstamo en mora
a. What is the probability that a student with a student loan had received a
college degree?
a. De la tabla, P(Y) = .42
b. De la tabla, P(N) = .58
P(D |Y) = P(DÇY)/P(Y) = .16 /.42 = .3810
P(D |Y) = P(DÇY)/P(Y) = .16 /.42 = .3810

e. Las personas que obtuvieron un grado universitario tienen una

probabilidad de 0.3810 de tener un préstamo en mora, mientras que
quienes abandonaron sus estudios tienen una probabilidad de 0.5862 de
tenerlo. No contar con un grado universitario llevará a una probabilidad más
alta de presentar dificultades para pagar el préstamo y tener problemas
financieros en el futuro.
 a. Develop a joint probability table for these
data and use the table to answer the
remaining questions.

Respuesta: 657 mil Automovil

No Estado Unidence 87.4
Estado Unidence 228
Total 315.9

b. What are the marginal probabilities? What

do they tell you about the probabilities
associated with the manufacturer and the type
of vehicle sold?

Probabilidades marginales:
Probabilidades marginales: P(U) = 0.4269 P(B) = 0.5731
P(C) = 0.4808 P(L) = 0.5192

La categoría de camión ligero

Existe una probabilidad mayor de que el
incluye los modelos pickups,
vehículo fuera sea producido por un fabricante
minivans, SUV y crossover
no estadounidense. En cuanto a participación
tiene una probabilidad
de mercado, los fabricantes no
ligeramente más alta, pero
estadounidenses lideran con el 57.3% de
los tipos de vehículos son
participación de las ventas de vehículos.
bastante similares.

c. If a vehicle was manufactured by one of the

U.S. automakers, what is the probability that
the vehicle was a car? What is the probability it
was a light truck?

P(C|U)= 0.3115 P(L|U)=0.6885

Si un vehículo fue producido por un fabricante

estadounidense, existe una alta probabilidad
de que esté en la categoría de camión ligero.

d. If the vehicle was a light truck, what is the

probability that it was manufactured by one of
the U.S. automakers?
P(C|N)=0.6069 P(L|N)=0.3931
Si un vehículo no fue producido por uno de los
fabricantes estadounidenses, existe una alta
probabilidad de que se trate de un automóvil.
e. If the vehicle was a light truck, what is the
probability that it was
manufactured by one of the U.S. automakers?
P(U|L)=0.5661
Si se trata de un camión ligero, existe una
probabilidad mejor a 50-50 de que fuera
producido por un fabricante estadounidense.

f. Whatuna
Existe does the probability
probabilidad más information
alta, y por lotell you about sales?
tanto
una participación de mercado más grande,
para los fabricantes no estadounidenses. Sin
embargo, los fabricantes estadounidenses son
líderes en ventas en la categoría de camiones
ligeros.
 Negocios Totales
0.27 0.613
0.115 0.387
0.385 1

segundo ejercicio
 P(O | U) = 0.822
P(U) = 0.38

tercer ejercicio

Demorado Total
0.0696 0.3
0.0912 0.32
0.0676 0.38
0.2284 1
MI Conyuge Somos iguales
0.1257 0.101 0.502
0.1099 0.101 0.498
0.2356 0.202
Camion ligero total
193.1 280.5
148 376.5
341.1 657
 17. The mean cost of domestic airfares in the United States rose to an all-time
high of $385 per ticket (Bureau of Transportation Statistics website, November 2,
2012). Airfares were based on the total ticket value, which consisted of the price
charged by the airlines plus any additional taxes and fees. Assume domestic
airfares are normally distributed with a standard deviation of $110. a. What is
the probability that a domestic airfare is $550 or more? b. What is the
probability that a domestic airfare is $250 or less? c. What is the probability that
a domestic airfare is between $300 and $500? d. What is the cost for the 3%
highest domestic airfares?

a. What is the probability that a domestic airfare is $550 or more?

P (x ³ 550) = P (z³1.50) = 1 - P (z£1.50) = 1 - 0.9332 = 0.0668
La probabilidad de que una tarifa aérea local sea de $550 o más es 0.0668.
b. What is the probability that a domestic airfare is $250 or less?
250 - 385/110=-1.23
La probabilidad de que una tarifa aérea local sea de $250 o menos es 0.1093
c. What is the probability that a domestic airfare is between $300 and
$500?
Para x = 500 = 500 - 385/110=1.05
Para x = 300=300 - 385/110=-0.77
P(300 £ x £ 400) = P (z£1.05) - P (z£ -.77)= 0.8531 - 0.2206 = 0.6325
La probabilidad de que una tarifa aérea local esté entre $300 y $500 es 0.6325.
d. What is the cost for the 3% highest domestic airfares?
x z = +   = 385 + 1.88(110) = $592
Para que una tarifa se encuentre en el 3% más caro debe ser $592 o más.

Err:522

The average return for large-cap domestic stock funds over the three years
2009–2011 was 14.4% (AAII Journal, February, 2012). Assume the three-year
returns were normally distributed across funds with a standard deviation of
4.4%.
a. What is the probability an individual large-cap domestic stock fund had a
three-year return of at least 20%?
a. En x = 20, 20-14.4/4.4= 1.27
P(z < 1.27) = 0.8980
P(x < 20) = 1 - 0.8980 = 0.1020
b. What is the probability an individual large-cap domestic stock fund had a
three-year return of 10% or less?
At x = 10, 10-14.4/4.4 =1.00
P(z<-1.00)=0.1587
p(x<10)=0.1587
c. How big does the return have to be to put a domestic stock fund in the
top 10% for the three-year period?
c. Un valor z de 1.28 corta un área de aproximadamente de 10% en la cola
superior
x = 14.4 + 4.4(1.28) = 20.03
Un rendimiento de 20.03% o más, ubicará al fondo de acciones nacionales en el
10% superior.

19. Automobile repair costs continue to rise with the average cost now at $367
per repair (U.S. News & World Report website, January 5, 2015). Assume that
the cost for an automobile repair is normally distributed with a standard
deviation of $88. Answer the following questions about the cost of automobile
repairs.
a. What is the probability that the cost will be more than $450?
. a. μ = 367 y σ = 88.
450 -367/88=0.94
b. What is the probability that the cost will be less than $250?
250-367/88=-1.33
c. What is the probability that the cost will be between $250 and $450?
P(z£ .94) - P(z£ -1.33) = .8264 -.0918 = 0.7346
d. If the cost for your car repair is in the lower 5% of automobile repair
charges, what is your cost?
Para que el costo de reparación del automóvil se encuentre en el 5% de cobros
más bajos debe ser de $222.24 o menos.
20. The average price for a gallon of gasoline in the United States is $3.73 and in
Russia it is $3.40 (Bloomberg Businessweek, March 5–March 11, 2012). Assume
these averages are the population means in the two countries and that the
probability distributions are normally distributed with a standard deviation of
$.25 in the United States and a standard deviation of $.20 in Russia.
a. What is the probability that a randomly selected gas station in the United
States charges less than $3.50 per gallon?
a. Estados Unidos: Media=3.73 desv=.25
3.5-3.73/0.25=-0.92
P(z<-0.92)=0.1788
p(X<3.5)=0.1788
b. What percentage of the gas stations in Russia charge less than $3.50 per gallon?
Rusia: = media= 3.40 desv=.20
En x = 3.50 = 3.50-3.40/0.20=0.5
P(z < 0.50) = 0.6915
So, P(x < 3.50) = 0.6915
69.15% de las gasolineras en Rusia cobran menos de $3.50 por galón
c. What is the probability that a randomly selected gas station in Russia charged
more than the mean price in the United States?
c. Se utiliza la media y la desviación estándar para Rusia.
En x = 3.73, 3.73-3.40/0.20=1.65
P z P z ( 1.65) 1 ( 1.65) 1 .9505 = .0495
P x( 3.73) =0.0495

La probabilidad de que una gasolinera seleccionada al azar en Rusia cobre más

que el precio medio en Estados Unidos es 0.0495. En otras palabras, solo el
4.95% de las gasolineras en Rusia cobran más que el precio promedio en Estados
Unido
21. A person must score in the upper 2% of the population on an IQ test to
qualify for membership in Mensa, the international high-IQ society. If IQ scores
are normally distributed with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15,
what score must a person have to qualify for Mensa?
x =  + z = 100 + 2.05(15) = 130.75
Un puntaje de 131 o superior califica a una persona para pertenecer a Mensa.

22. Television viewing reached a new high when the Nielsen Company reported
a mean daily viewing time of 8.35 hours per household (USA Today, November
11, 2009). Use a normal probability distribution with a standard deviation of 2.5
hours to answer the following questions about daily television viewing per
household.
a. What is the probability that a household views television between 5 and 10
hours a day
Se utiliza Media = 8.35 y desv = 2.5
En x = 10, 10-8.35/2.5=.66
b. How many hours of television viewing must a household have in order to be in
the top 3% of all television viewing households?
En x = 5, 5-8.35/2.5= -1.34
P(5 ≤ x ≤ 10) = P(-1.34 ≤ z ≤ 0.66)= P(z ≤ 0.66) - P(z ≤ -1.34) =0.7454 - 0.0901 =
0.6553
La probabilidad de que un hogar vea la televisión entre 5 y 10 horas al día es 0.6553.
b. Encuentre el valor z que corta un área de 0.03 en la cola superior. Con una
probabilidad acumulada de 1 - 0.03 = 0.97, z = 1.88 proporciona un área de 0.03
en la cola superior de la distribución normal.
x =  + z = 8.35 + 1.88(2.5) = 13.05 horas
Un hogar debe ver un poco más de 13 horas de televisión al día para ubicarse en
el 3% más alto de todos los hogares que ven televisión.
Un hogar debe ver un poco más de 13 horas de televisión al día para ubicarse en
el 3% más alto de todos los hogares que ven televisión.
En x = 3, 3 -8.35/2.25=-2.14
P(x>3) = 1 - P(z< -2.14) = 1 - 0.0162 = 0.9838
P(x>3) = 1 - P(z< -2.14) = 1 - 0.0162 = 0.9838
23. The time needed to complete a final examination in a particular college
course is normally distributed with a mean of 80 minutes and a standard
deviation of 10 minutes. Answer the following questions.
a. What is the probability of completing the exam in one hour or less?
60-80/10 = -2(z ≤ -2) = 0.0228. Por lo que P(x < 60) = 0.0228

b. What is the probability that a student will complete the exam in more than 60
minutes but less than 75 minutes?
60 -80/20=-2=2 = El área a la izquierda es 0.0228
En x = 75, 75-80/10 =-5
0.3085
P(60  x  75) = 0.3085 - 0.0228 = 0.2857
c. Assume that the class has 60 students and that the examination period
is 90 minutes in length. How many students do you expect will be
unable to complete the exam in the allotted time?
90-80/10=1
P(z ≤ 1) = P(x ≤ 90) = 0.1587

24. The American Automobile Association (AAA) reported that families planning
to travel over the Labor Day weekend would spend an average of $749 (The
Associated Press, August 12, 2012). Assume that the amount spent is normally
distributed with a standard deviation of $225.
Por lo tanto 15.87% de los estudiantes no terminará a tiempo.
(60) (0.1587) = 9.52
Se espera que sean 9 o 10 los estudiantes que no puedan concluir el examen a
tiempo
a. What is the probability of family expenses for the weekend being less that
$400?
The American Automobile Association (AAA) reported that families planning to
travel over the Labor Day weekend would spend an average of $749 (The
Associated Press, August 12, 2012). Assume that the amount spent is normally
distributed with a standard deviation of $225.

media = 749 y desv = 225

400 - 749/225 = -1.55
P (x < 400) = P (z< -1.55)= 0.0606
La probabilidad de que los gastos sean inferiores a $400 es 0.0606.
b. What is the probability of family expenses for the weekend being $800 or
more?
800 - 749/225=0.23
P (x ³ 800) = P (z³ .23) = 1 - P (z£ .23) = 1 - 0.5910 = 0.4090
La probabilidad de que los gastos sean $800 o más es 0.4090.
c. What is the probability that family expenses for the weekend will be between
$500 and $1000?
Para x = 1000, 1000-749/225=1.12
Para x = 500, 500-749/225=-1.11
P(500 < x < 1000) = P (z<1.12) - P (z< -1.11)= 0.8686 - 0.1335 = 0.7351
d. What would the Labor Day weekend expenses have to be for the 5% of
the families with the most expensive travel plans?
x = 749 + 1.645(225) = $1119
Los planes de viaje que se encuentran en el 5% más caro serán de $1119 o más

25. New York City is the most expensive city in the United States for lodging. The
mean hotel room rate is $204 per night (USA Today, April 30, 2012). Assume that
room rates are normally distributed with a standard deviation of $55.
a. What is the probability that a hotel room costs $225 or more per night?
225- 204/55=0.38
P (x ³ 225) = P (z³ .38) = 1 - P (z£ .38) = 1 - 0.6480 = 0.3520
La probabilidad de que una habitación de hotel cueste $225 o más por noche es
0.3520
b. What is the probability that a hotel room costs less than $140 per night?
140 - 204/55=-1.16
P (x < -1.16)= 0.1230

La probabilidad de que una habitación de hotel cueste menos de $140 es 0.1230

c. What is the probability that a hotel room costs between $200 and $300 per
night?
Para x = 300, 300-204/55=1.75
-Para x = 200, 200 - 204/55=-.07
0.4721 = 0.4878
La probabilidad de que una habitación de hotel cueste entre $200 y $300 es 0.4878.
d. What is the cost of the 20% most expensive hotel rooms in New York City?
x = 204 + 0.84(55) = $250
El 20% de las habitaciones más caras cuestan $250 o más por noche.