12/2/2021

HỌC PHẦN TE5130

NĂNG LƯỢNG TÁI TẠO VÀ QUẢN LÝ

Chapter 1. Renewable energy overview

1.1. Definition
- Renewable energy
Renewable energy uses energy sources that are continually
replenished by nature—the sun, the wind, water, the Earth’s heat,
and plants.
Renewable energy technologies turn these fuels into usable forms of
energy—most often electricity, but also heat, chemicals, or
mechanical power.
Why Use Renewable Energy?
Fossil fuel is a limited supply on the Earth, it will run out.
Renewable energy is naturally renewed providing the opportunity to
provide energy indefinitely, it help us develop energy independence
and security.
The combustion of fossil fuels releases CO2 into the atmosphere
which is a key contributor to global warming, and also releases
other pollutants that take a dramatic toll on the environment (acid
rain, smog) and on humans (diseases like asthma).
Using renewable energy produces less pollutants; it is clean, green
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and better for the environment.

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- Non-renewable energy: the conventional fossil fuels such

as coal, oil and gas, which are likely to deplete with time.

- Alternative Energy: refers to energy sources, which create

less environmental damage and pollution than fossil fuels,
and offer an alternative to non renewable resources.

- Sustainable Energy: a term that is used to cover both

renewable energy and the rational use of energy (RUE).
The rational use of energy is the efficient and effective use
of energy independent of where the energy comes from.

Năng lượng bền vững trong ngữ cảnh rộng hơn được định
nghĩa là năng lượng có giá hợp lý, dễ tiếp cận và đáng tin cậy
đáp ứng các nhu cầu kinh tế, xã hội và môi trường, đồng thời
được phân phối một cách công bằng.

- Commercial Energy: The energy sources that are

available in the market for a definite price are known as
commercial energy.
By far the most important forms of commercial energy are
electricity, coal and refined petroleum products.
Examples: Electricity, lignite, coal, oil , natural gas, etc..
- Non-commercial energy: The energy sources that are not
available in the commercial market for a price are classified
as non-commercial energy.
Non-commercial energy sources include fuel such as
firewood, cattle dung and agricultural waste.
Examples: Firewood, agro waste in rural areas, solar
energy for water heating, etc…

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1.2. Sources of renewable energy

• Bioenergy
• Solar energy
• Wind
• Hydropower
• Ocean energy
(Wave, tidal)
• Geothermal

(https://www.vector.co.nz/personal/help-safety/school-
programme/being-sustainable-with-energy/sources-of-
(https://www.irena.org/ocean) renewable-energy)
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1.3. Energy supply and use

World total primary energy supply (TPES) by source
Tổng cung cấp năng lượng sơ cấp
1. World includes international
aviation and international marine
bunkers.

(IEA, 2019. Key world

energy statistics)

The tonne of oil equivalent (toe) is a unit of energy

defined as the amount of energy released by burning
one tonne of crude oil.
It is approximately 42 GJ or 11.630 MWh.

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(https://www.watt-watchers.com/activity/energy-resources-primary-vs-
secondary/)

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1973 and 2017 regional shares of TPES

2. In these graphs, peat and oil

shale are aggregated with coal.
3. Includes geothermal, solar,
wind, tide/wave/ocean, heat and
other sources.

(IEA, 2019. Key world energy statistics)

Total primary energy supply of renewables (in EJ = 1018J)

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(World Bioenergy Association. Global bioenergy statistics 2019)

Total primary energy supply of renewables in continents in 2017 (in EJ)

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(World Bioenergy Association. Global bioenergy statistics 2019)

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Gross final energy consumption globally (in EJ)

Gross final energy consumption in 2017

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(World Bioenergy Association. Global bioenergy statistics 2019)

Electricity generation from renewables (in TWh = 1012Wh)

Electricity production from renewables in 2017

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(World Bioenergy Association. Global bioenergy statistics
2019)

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1.4 Advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy

- Advantages

+ It is sustainable, available, never run out; it can provide

nations with energy independence.
+ Renewable energy facilities generally require less maintenance
than traditional generators.
+ Renewable energy technologies are clean sources of energy
that have a much lower environmental impact than conventional
energy technologies.
+ Produces little or no waste products such as carbon dioxide or
other chemical pollutants.
+ It is an economic force, responsible for jobs.
+ Cost effective (in long term).

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- Disadvantages

+ Renewable energy often relies on the weather and

geographical location for its source of power.
+ Difficult to generate the quantities of electricity that are as
large as those produced by traditional fossil fuel generators.
+ It can often be manipulated by politics.
+ It is not as cost-effective as other energy options (in short
term); it has expensive storage costs and large capital costs.

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1.5 Social, economic, and environmental impacts of renewable

energy resources

- Social impacts
- Economics
- Environmental impacts
- Sociopolitical impacts
- Impacts on grid
- Socioeconomic impacts

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Social impacts

Social benefits: local employment, better health, job opportunities, and consumer choice.
Total emission reduction is increasing in different years after the installation of renewable
energy projects in remote areas
Social impacts assessment for different renewable energy sources

Economics: renewable energy projects provide benefits because they utilize local
labor from rural areas, local material and business, local shareholders, and
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services of local bank.

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Environmental impacts

Renewable energy projects have contributed in improving environmental

impacts such as reduction of carbon dioxide gas, awakening community about
the climate change

Summary of environmental effects Carbon dioxide equivalent

emission during power
generation

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