Majesty Magazine-March 2023

WILLIAM
Vol 44 No 3 | UK £3.95
THE HEIR APPARENT

CHARLES I’S GENES | CONSTANTINE II | DRESSING THE GEORGIANS | AND FINALLY
The Princess of Wales
talks to children of
St John’s CE Primary
School in Bethnal
Green, east London,
about the important
people in their lives
KENSINGTON PALACE
2 majestymagazine.com
First
Word FROM MAJESTY’S EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
he Princess of Wales has been doing sterling work for her early years initiative,
T most recently with the launch of the ‘Shaping Us’ phase. Some of the guidance
may seem obvious, but frequently the obvious is overlooked. The thrust of her
campaign is basically about giving children the best chance in life by developing
their emotional and physical resilience and doing this through social awareness.
Every child is different, so approaches will vary. It is challenging, as the princess
has to navigate the political implications of the clear need for funding for deprived children
and support for struggling parents.
Early years represents the kind of lifetime commitment that Save the Children is for the
Princess Royal, the Duke of Edinburgh’s Award was for Prince Philip – and now the Earl of
Wessex – and the campaign for youth and the inner cities has been for the King. Prince
William’s dedication to the environment is going to be his lifetime’s work and he is currently
having great success with his Earthshot Prize.
Interestingly, the Duke of York is not known for anything except his misdemeanours, which is
something he is trying very hard to rectify. A Netflix film about his disastrous Newsnight interview
will not help his cause and is due to begin filming shortly. Rufus Sewell will play Prince Andrew
and Gillian Anderson will take the role of his inquisitor, Emily Maitlis. Billie Piper will play Sam
McAlister, the former BBC producer who secured the interview for Newsnight.
Speculation about the coronation and the long weekend surrounding it continues to make
news. An outline of the plans made public confirms that the historic coronation ceremony
will take place on the morning of Saturday 6 May and that after the service the newly crowned
King and Queen will return to Buckingham Palace in a ceremonial procession. It will be
a magnificent display of the United Kingdom’s pomp and circumstance at its very best.
The May issue of Majesty will be a pre-coronation collector’s edition.
Other details released include a centrepiece concert the following day on Windsor Castle’s
east lawn, usually a private area of the castle grounds, showcasing talent from the world of
entertainment enjoyed by Charles III. Earlier in the day millions of people will come together
in celebration at the Coronation Big Lunch, individually organised street parties that the
British public do so well: traditional, and as simple or as extravagant as people wish them
to be, they always work.
Everyone involved knows what they are supposed to be doing as the blueprint for King
Charles III’s coronation has been in place for a long time. In spite of this, plans occasionally
do need to be revised and unexpected problems arise. One such ‘problem’, certainly as far as
sections of the media are concerned, is whether the Duke and Duchess of Sussex will attend.
When asked by ITV’s Tom Bradby in January if he and Meghan would be there, Harry
prevaricated, pointing out that anything could happen in the meantime.
In one of many opinion polls on the subject, 83 per cent of those who took part believe
neither the Duke nor Duchess of Sussex should come to witness the historic moment, but the
invitation is by command of the King. As his son, Harry should not refuse and Meghan should
support him, regardless of what they or anyone else may feel.
majestymagazine.com 3
CONTENTS
March 2023
Volume 44 Number 3
06
INSIDE
THIS
ISSUE
20 06 COATS OF MANY 54
COLOURS
The royal knack of wrapping up
appropriately – and stylishly –
when undertaking engagements,
by Ingrid Seward
14 CHARLES I, II, III

The first two failed as monarchs,
but their name and genes have
returned to the palace in the new
reign, by Trond Norén Isaksen
20 LAST KING OF
THE HELLENES
The life and times of Constantine
II, whose funeral was attended
by representatives of eleven royal
houses, by Coryne Hall
42
REX PUBLICATIONS LTD
The King and Queen receive a warm CHAIRMAN & MANAGING DIRECTOR
welcome when they visit the British Cliff Moulder
Bangladeshi community in Brick EDITORIAL
Lane, east London, on 8 February
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
Ingrid Seward
MANAGING EDITOR
Joe Little
joelittle@majestymagazine.com
DESIGNER
Keith Jackson
ADMINISTRATION
ADMINISTRATION & ACCOUNTS
Tracy Howell
tracy@majestymagazine.com
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LIAM MCBURNEY/ALAMY
PAUL MARRIOTT/ALAMY
Coats of Ma The women – and men – of the royal family

have their own inimitable style when dressing
for outdoor events. By INGRID SEWARD
C
atherine has done for the longline ABOVE LEFT: Powder The Princess of Wales has perfected a style
fitted coat what Diana, the previous blue and navy for the for smart winter dressing that works perfectly for
Princess of Wales, did for the mini Princess of Wales the kind of royal engagements she undertakes.
coat dress, the Queen Mother did while in Northern Long tight-fitting coats, sharply tailored jackets,
for tip tilted veiled hats and Ireland with her trouser suits and snugly fitting midi-coat dresses.
Queen Elizabeth II did for Launer husband in October Her height – she is 5' 10" – and her incredibly
handbags, which, hanging from her left arm, slender torso are exactly right for the outfits she
almost became part of her. ABOVE: The King, in favours. She can wear coats tightly belted or
Queen Camilla favours the country suit or his forty-year-old zipped in a way that few others can. Catherine
coats with contrasting tartan collar made for coat, and Princess is one of those fortunate women whose rib cage
her by Roy Allen, while Sophie Wessex is a fan Anne walk to church didn’t expand too much with pregnancy and is
of long coats but prefers them loose fitting so at Sandringham in still able to wear the snuggest of outfits, even
they can wrap around her. January after having three children.
MAUREEN MCLEAN/ALAMY
JAMES MANNING/ALAMY
any Colours
The Queen is also a fan of coats but prefers ABOVE: The Queen greatest care of his clothes, press and remove
to wear them with a dress or skirt underneath. chooses green with any marks the moment the outfits are taken off.
She often wears a silk scarf around her neck a tartan collar for an Think Downton Abbey with Lord Grantham aka
and has become a fan of the fashionable cream autumn afternoon at Hugh Bonneville and his valet.
frilled blouse that complements any colour she Ascot racecourse Charles may be king but he is not king of coats.
might choose. Camilla has always had a relaxed None of the current royal men – even the modern
approach to dressing but is clearly enjoying the ABOVE RIGHT: Prince of Wales – have come near to emulating
beautiful fabrics and bespoke tailoring of the The Countess of the Duke of Windsor, who took elegant overcoat
outfits she is now called upon to wear. Wessex wears a dressing to an extreme. When centrally-heated
She frequently dresses in old favourites, in white MaxMara coat homes and warm cars became an accepted part of
line with her husband, who enjoys a passion for for a carol service at life the need to wear a coat was no longer pressing,
preserving vintage clothes. He has the ability Westminster Abbey but with the current energy crisis, coats have crept
to do this because of his valets, who take the back into people’s wardrobes.
RIGHT: Christmas
Day at Sandringham,
the King wearing
an old favourite,
the Queen in a dark
blue coat by Anna
Valentine, and the
Princess of Wales
in forest green
Alexander McQueen
first seen in 2020
JOE GIDDENS/ALAMY
JOE GIDDENS/ALAMY
The King has always liked double-breasted
coats and individualises them by wearing a
carefully arranged silk handkerchief in the breast
pocket. He has a particular favourite – a rather
unattractive French mustard-coloured wool
coat – which he frequently wears and has been
doing so for many years. Made by the venerated
Savile Row tailors Anderson & Sheppard, with its
cuffed sleeves it looks very Eighties but could be
older. He also has a Harris tweed coat with huge
pockets he wears a lot that looks a similar age.
His navy blue heavy wool Guards coat with
six buttons is far smarter but designed only to
be worn over a suit.
He has often expressed his desire for the
fashion industry to be more sustainable and does
what he can to promote this by wearing decades-
old clothes. In 2020, while still Prince of Wales,
he gave an interview to the editor of British Vogue
Edward Enninful, discussing sustainable fashion.
Talking about the morning coat he wore to
the wedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle,
he admitted it was more than forty years old.
RIGHT: Sophie When asked if he would get a new one the prince
Wessex picks a wide expressed surprise. ‘I’ve considered it,’ he said.
collar cashmere ‘But in the case of that particular morning coat,
coat by Joseph for as long as I can go on getting into it, I only wear
the 2022 Christmas it a few times a year in the summer, so obviously
morning service at you want to keep those sorts of things going.’
Sandringham While Charles continues to wear his perfectly
valeted old clothes, Camilla is fortunate enough
BELOW: The King to be in the position to have a couture wardrobe.
and Queen leave When coats or suits and dresses are made for you
Bolton Town Hall they hide every lump and bump, which is ideal
after engagements in for the older figure. She keeps her casual clothes
Greater Manchester for country weekends and, like her husband’s
on 20 January valets, her dresser looks after them well.
The Princess of Wales is young and beautiful

enough to wear anything she chooses. Holland
Cooper made her Black Watch tartan coat in green
and blue which she wore to colour coordinate
with her husband at their first engagement of the
year in Liverpool in January, while other coats
come from high street brands Hobbs or Zara.
Brands including MAX&Co., Massimo Dutti,
Roland Mouret and Eponine are mixed with
Alexander McQueen, who unsurprisingly make
the neatest of all Catherine’s longline coats, one
of my favourites being the double-breasted deep
brown wool coat that she wore in Boston.
Catherine can wear any colour and has
recently favoured deep burgundy. She wore a
beautiful couture midi-coat dress by Eponine
in December for the Christmas carol service she
hosted at Westminster Abbey, with matching
shoes and gloves. She has also worn a burgundy
Roland Mouret suit, comprising a single-breasted
ARTHUR EDWARDS/ALAMY
blazer and matching high-waisted, flared trousers.

The princess wore a blush pink pussy bow blouse
underneath the blazer, accessorised with a wine-
hued Chanel quilted leather purse and similarly
coloured suede pointy-toe shoes.
Catherine wraps
up warm in a red
Alexander McQueen
coat for the Rugby
League World Cup
2021 quarter final in
Wigan on 5 November
MARK COSGROVE/ALAMY
CHRIS JACKSON/ALAMT
ANDREW MILLIGAN/ALAMY
CHRIS JACKSON/ALAMT
The Princess of Wales does recycle clothes – ABOVE: A touch

as well she should, as according to fashionistas of tartan again for
her autumn/winter look for 2022/3 alone cost Camilla on her visit
more than £30,000. For church on Christmas to the University of
Day she wore a dark green longline coat-dress by Aberdeen, of which
McQueen which she last wore in public in 2020. she is chancellor,
To create a different look Catherine teamed it in January
with a Philip Treacy wide-brimmed fedora.
Royal men and women are expected to look ABOVE LEFT:
the part. They have to tread the delicate line The Prince and
between being fashionable, smart and obviously Princess of Wales
extravagant. The exception is the Princess in chilly Boston
Royal, who by making it plain she doesn’t care in December
for fashion has developed a style of her own.
She hides her wonderful figure and by never LEFT: The princess
changing her hairstyle she has created an iconic opts for a MAX&Co.
look. She is admired for her thrifty approach, camel coat over a
and inspires fashionistas to imagine how great knitted turtleneck
she would look if she had different makeup, midi dress in
fashionable clothes and a modern hairstyle. Scarborough
Like the previous Princess of Wales,
Catherine’s clothes generate as much attention
(if not more) than the projects she is trying to
help. She has taken to wearing sharp business-
like suits – admittedly often bespoke – and
keeps her big jewellery, of which she has plenty,
for special events. She has not yet come in for
the criticism that Diana once did as the world
has moved on and it often takes only minutes
for social media to report on what Catherine is
wearing and where it is available.
The standard of items provided for the royal
family is exceptionally high. Discontinued lines
are sometimes kept on or special styles or colours
used which the public is unable to buy. The royal
family are sometimes charged differently too. To
many in the fashion industry, working for them
is such an honour that nothing else matters.
In the present day for a member of the
royal family – namely the Princess of Wales –
to wear your outfit and almost instantly have
it all over social media guarantees a massive
boost in sales. M
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King Charles II,
by Thomas Hawker
Char
ALAMY
arles I, II, III
After the less-than-successful reigns of Charles I and Charles II in the
seventeenth century, their name as well as their blood disappeared
from the British royal line. TROND NORÉN ISAKSEN explains how
both the name and the genes have now returned to the palace
with King Charles III and Queen Camilla
M
any were surprised when then England and Scotland were at war, from
Princess Elizabeth and the which England emerged victorious.
Duke of Edinburgh chose to Back in exile on the Continent, Charles II
name their firstborn Charles. seemed like a man whose future was behind
Since 1714, all British kings him. He would, however, come to experience
had been called George or one of history’s most startling comebacks.
Edward, whereas the name Charles had not On his death in 1658, Oliver Cromwell was
been used since the days of the Stuarts. succeeded by his son Richard, who soon proved
Prince Charles was in fact named in honour incompetent and stepped down the following
of his godfather and great-great-uncle, King year. During the ensuing unrest, General George
Haakon VII of Norway, who was born Prince Monck led his troops from Scotland to London,
Carl of Denmark and always known as ‘Uncle and for the first time in almost twenty years a
Charles’ to his British family. However, many general election was called. The new Parliament,
assumed the little prince had been named for which met in April 1660, restored the monarchy
Kings Charles I and Charles II, which seemed and invited Charles II to return.
curious given that they were not particularly He entered London as king on 29 May, his
successful monarchs. thirtieth birthday. The crown jewels had been
As is well known, the first Charles fell out broken up when England became a republic, but
with Parliament and, after finding himself on after new ones had been made, Charles II was
the losing side of the civil wars, lost his head crowned at Westminster Abbey on 23 April 1661.
on the executioner’s block outside Banqueting Charles II is often considered one of the most
House in Whitehall on a cold January day popular monarchs in British history and is fondly
in 1649. Having been a monarchy since time remembered as ‘the merry monarch’. However,
immemorial, England became a republic under despite his popularity, he did not in fact achieve
Oliver Cromwell. much and his reign was marked by war, the great
Charles I’s oldest surviving son, also Charles, fire of London, plague, conflicts with Parliament
was living in exile in The Hague when his father and continued religious strife.
was executed. It was supposedly his chaplain, Nevertheless, the king is probably best
Dr Goff, who was given the unenviable task remembered for all his women and the thirteen
of breaking the news to the eighteen year old. or fourteen children he fathered. Not one of
However, Goff could not find the right words them was the queen’s.
and eventually just knelt before him and said, Less than a month after his return to his
‘Your Majesty’. Charles II understood and burst lost kingdom, a treaty of marriage between
into tears. Charles II and Princess Catarina of Portugal
Having been proclaimed King of Scots was signed. Catherine of Braganza, as the
within days of his father’s execution, Charles II British called her, fell deeply in love with
travelled to Scotland the following year and was Charles, but never succeeded in capturing his
crowned at Scone Abbey on 1 January 1651. By heart or holding his attention.
ALAMY
PRIVATE COLLECTION
Queen Catherine also failed in what was after ABOVE: Charles Barbara, who was created Duchess of Cleveland,
all a queen’s most important task: to bear an heir. Lennox, 1st Duke bore the king a further four or five children.
She suffered from uterine bleedings that caused of Richmond and The Duchess of Cleveland kept a high public
heavy menstruation and made it difficult to Lennox, by Sir profile and became very unpopular. She was the
complete a pregnancy. As early as 1662 there Godfrey Kneller subject of gossip, smears, and obscene verses
were rumours that Charles intended to legitimise that are better suited to a publication other than
his oldest son, who had just arrived in England. ABOVE RIGHT: Sonia Majesty. But the king was obsessed with her and
When he and Catherine married, Charles was Keppel, grandmother readily agreed to most of what she asked for.
already the father of four. His firstborn saw the of the former Camilla The relationship waned over the years, partly
light of day in 1649 and was the child of Lucy Shand, as a young because Charles and Barbara had other affairs. A
Walters, who belonged to a royalist family that woman daughter named Barbara, who was born in 1672,
had fled to the Continent during the civil wars. was not recognised by the king. There is much to
The baby received the name James and would OPPOSITE: suggest that she was in fact the daughter of John
later be created Duke of Monmouth. A genealogical table Churchill, the future 1st Duke of Marlborough.
The year after James’s birth, Charles fathered shows the links Barbara’s successor as maîtresse-en-titre
a daughter, Charlotte, with Elizabeth Killigrew, a between Charles II was Louise Kérouialle, who was born into the
married woman who was lady-in-waiting to his and Charles III lower nobility of Brittany and belonged to the
mother, Queen Henrietta Maria. Charlotte was court of Charles’s dearly beloved younger sister,
given the surname FitzRoy, which means ‘child Henriette Anne, Duchess of Orléans. Louise
of the king’ and would be the surname of most of was created Duchess of Portsmouth. Another
Charles’s many children. mistress was Nell Gwyn, who came from a
While still in exile, he also fathered a son and a simple background but became a popular
daughter by Catherine Pegge, who also belonged actress. The king also shared the bed of another
to an exiled royalist family. The offspring were actress, Moll Davis.
somewhat unimaginatively named Charles and While the Duchess of Cleveland had been
Catherine like their parents. unpopular among the masses, the Duchess of
Around the time of his return from exile, Portsmouth was hated. She was French and
Charles began an affair with Barbara Villiers, a Catholic, causing many to look on her with
who gave birth to a daughter, Anne, two months suspicion, thinking she might be a French
before the coronation. Anne was first passed off agent. That was also what King Louis XIV hoped
as the daughter of Barbara’s husband, Roger to turn her into, but it appears little came of
Palmer, but Charles later recognised her as his. those attempts.
King Charles II
Charles Lennox, Henry FitzRoy,

1st Duke of Richmond and Lennox 1st Duke of Grafton
Lady Anne Lennox Charles FitzRoy,

2nd Duke of Grafton
George Keppel, Lady Elizabeth Lady Isabella FitzRoy

3rd Earl of Albemarle Keppel
William Keppel, John Russell, Lord Hugh Seymour

4th Earl of Albemarle 6th Duke of Bedford
George Thomas Keppel, Lady Louisa Jane Sir Horace Beauchamp

6th Earl of Albemarle Russell Seymour
William Keppel, James Hamilton, Adelaide Seymour

7th Earl of Albemarle 2nd Duke of Abercorn
George Keppel James Hamilton, Charles Spencer,

3rd Duke of Abercorn 6th Earl Spencer
Sonia Keppel Lady Cynthia Albert Spencer,

7th Earl Spencer
Rosalind Cubitt John Spencer,

8th Earl Spencer
Camilla Shand King Charles III Lady Diana Spencer
Prince William,
Prince of Wales
ALAMY ROGER HARRIS/ALAMY
The charismatic and witty Nell, on the other turn succeeded by Mary’s sister, Queen Anne,
hand, was thought to be apolitical and therefore who lost no less than eighteen children.
not dangerous. The satirists of the day called Upon her death in 1714, the throne passed
her ‘the Protestant whore’ – an obvious dig at to her nearest Protestant relative, her second
Louise, who was Catholic. BELOW LEFT: William cousin Georg Ludwig, Elector of Hanover. As
Nell Gwyn bore the king two sons, Louise Keppel, 7th Earl King George I he founded the royal line that
Kérouialle one son and Moll Davis a daughter of Albemarle, an despite two name changes still sits on the
who, curiously, was named Lady Mary Tudor. engraving published British throne today.
Lady Mary, who was born in 1673, was Charles in 1860 Because George I’s maternal grandmother
II’s last child. The following year he was infected was the eldest daughter of King James I, King
with a sexually transmitted disease, which BELOW: The 7th Earl Charles III is not a descendant of his namesakes
could hardly have come as a surprise. As an Spencer and his wife, Charles I or Charles II, but of Charles I’s sister.
enthusiastic amateur scientist, the king tried to formerly Cynthia Queen Camilla, on the other hand,
treat himself with mercury. Hamilton, maternal descends from both Charles I and Charles II.
In the absence of legitimate children, Charles great-grandparents She is a great-great-great-great-great-great-
II’s younger brother, James, Duke of York, was of the current great-granddaughter of Charles, 1st Duke of
heir presumptive. The problem was that he Prince of Wales Richmond and Lennox – the only child Louise
had converted to Catholicism in 1669 and the Kérouialle bore Charles II. Diana, Princess
religious chasm within the country was deep. In OPPOSITE, FROM of Wales was also a great-great-great-great-
1679-1681, Parliament tried to alter the succession TOP: The King great-great-great-granddaughter of the Duke
so that the Duke of Monmouth might succeed his and Queen attend of Richmond and Lennox.
father, but these attempts failed. the presentation Furthermore, Diana was a great-great-great-
Thus the Duke of York became King James of addresses of great-great-great-great-granddaughter of Henry
II when Charles II died on 6 February 1685. condolences by both FitzRoy, the 1st Duke of Grafton – the son of
In June, the Duke of Monmouth revolted and Houses of Parliament Charles II by the Duchess of Cleveland. As if this
proclaimed himself the rightful king. But the in Westminster Hall, were not enough, Diana was also a great-great-
revolt failed and – like his grandfather before 12 September 2022 great-great-great-great-great-granddaughter of an
him – the Duke of Monmouth ended his days illegitimate daughter of James II.
on the scaffold. Louise Kérouialle, Thus both Queen Camilla and William, the new
Three years later, King James fled during the Duchess of Prince of Wales, descend from Charles I and Charles
so-called Glorious Revolution. His Protestant Portsmouth, for a II. Some 337 years after the death of Charles II, not
daughter and son-in-law were installed as co- time maîtresse-en- only the name but the genes of the two Charleses
monarchs, Mary II and William III, and were in titre to Charles II have finally returned to the palace. M
ALAMY
ALAMY
Last King
of the
Hellenes Constantine II died in Athens on 10 January with
his family at his bedside. The 82-year-old former
monarch was a second cousin of King Charles III,
a godfather of the Prince of Wales, the brother of
Queen Sofía of Spain and the brother-in-law of
Queen Margrethe of Denmark. By CORYNE HALL
ing Constantine had suffered health problems for some
K time and had been wheelchair-bound following a stroke in

2018. At the end of last year, he contracted pneumonia and
tested positive for Covid-19 for a second time. After another
stroke at his Athens home he was taken to an intensive care
unit in the private Hygeia Hospital, where he died.
Constantine was born in Athens on 2 June 1940. When Mussolini’s troops
invaded, the prince’s parents – Prince Paul (brother and heir of George II of
Greece) and Princess Frederica of Hanover (a great-great-granddaughter of
Queen Victoria) – took Constantine and his sister Sofía to Crete for safety.
When the Nazis came, they moved to Egypt and then South Africa. After the
birth of Princess Irene in 1942 the family returned to Alexandria.
In 1946, following a referendum, the royal family returned to Greece.
The following year George II died and Paul became king. With the northern
part of Greece racked by civil war, the family lived modestly at Tatoi, their
estate outside Athens.
Crown Prince Constantine attended an Athens boarding school, where
he excelled at sports. He entered the army, navy and air force academies
then studied law at Athens University. He also accompanied his parents
on state visits. While about to win a game of chess against President Tito
of Yugoslavia, Constantine received an early lesson in diplomacy when a
nudge from his father reminded him that he was supposed to lose.
In 1962 Princess Sofía married Prince Juan Carlos of Spain. Among
the royal guests was Queen Ingrid of Denmark, whose younger daughters
eighteen-year-old Benedikte and fifteen-year-old Anne-Marie were
bridesmaids. At the wedding ball Constantine danced only with Anne-
Marie despite Queen Frederica’s plea to ‘look after the other girls’.
RIGHT: Constantine and Anne-Marie after their wedding in the same

Athens cathedral in which his funeral would take place 58 years later
TOPFOTO
ALAMY
Constantine had become a hero in Greece after
winning a gold medal for Dragon Class sailing at
the 1960 Rome Olympics. Now, using the excuse
of meeting the accomplished Danish sailor Paul
RIGHT: Queen Elvstrøm, he travelled to Copenhagen. Elvstrøm
Frederica and her later said he never saw the crown prince, whose
children Sofía, time was spent courting 15-year-old Anne-Marie.
‘Tino’ and Irene at Later that year Constantine proposed during a
Tatoi in 1952 sailing holiday in Norway, receiving a resounding
‘yes’ in reply.
FAR RIGHT: However, Anne-Marie was still at school so
King Constantine and they kept their engagement secret. Not until
Queen Anne-Marie six months later did Constantine pluck up the
attend a gala in courage to tell King Frederik IX that he wanted
Copenhagen in April to marry his youngest daughter. The shocked
2010 to celebrate king led him into a small room and locked the
Queen Margrethe’s door, leaving Constantine in darkness. When he
70th birthday finally found the light switch, he discovered he
was in a lavatory. The king returned with Queen
BELOW: King Juan Ingrid but they were not particularly pleased,
Carlos and Queen stipulating that the marriage must wait until
Sofía of Spain, her Anne-Marie was eighteen.
sister Princess Irene, Then on 6 March 1964 his father died and
Infantas Elena and Constantine became King of the Hellenes. He
Cristina and their was now anxious to marry as soon as possible.
children arrive Seven reigning monarchs, two reigning
at the cathedral princes, two ex-kings, two queen mothers and
on 16 January more than a hundred princes and princesses
witnessed the ceremony in Athens Cathedral on
BELOW RIGHT: 18 September, just after Anne-Marie’s eighteenth
The former Empress birthday. Britain’s Princess Anne joined five
of Iran joins the other princesses as bridesmaids. Afterwards the
distinguished glamorous newlyweds drove through jubilant
gathering crowds in an open landau.
SOCRATES BALTAGIANNIS/ALAMY
ALBERT NIEBOER/ALAMY ALBERT NIEBOER/ALAMY
ALBERT NIEBOER/ALAMY SOCRATES BALTAGIANNIS/ALAMY
ALBERT NIEBOER/ALAMY
SOCRATES BALTAGIANNIS/ALAMY
LOUIZA VRADI/ALAMY
LEFT: Queen Anne-
Marie and Crown
Prince Pavlos
acknowledge the
vociferous good
wishes of the crowd
outside the cathedral
BELOW: The funeral

service takes place
in the Metropolitan
Cathedral of the
Annunciation
OPPOSITE, FROM
TOP LEFT: The
Princess Royal,
accompanied by
Vice Admiral Sir Tim
Laurence, represents
King Charles III
The King and Queen

of the Belgians
Princess Benedikte
of Denmark and
her daughter,
Princess Alexandra
King Willem-
Alexander and
Queen Máxima of
the Netherlands
with his mother,
Princess Beatrix
STOYAN NENOV ALAMY
CORDON PRESS/ALAMY
On 10 July 1965 Princess Alexia was born at
their Corfu villa, Mon Repos – the first royal
birth there since that of the future Duke of
Edinburgh in June 1921. Crown Prince Pavlos
followed on 20 May 1967 but by then there was
political instability once again in Greece and
storm clouds on the horizon.
In April 1967 a group of right-wing nationalist
army colonels staged a coup. That December King
Constantine’s counter-coup failed and Colonel
Papadopoulos established a military dictatorship.
Declaring that his throne was not worth the spilling
of blood, Constantine flew to Rome with his family,
taking little with them as they expected to be away
for a short time. The stress caused Anne-Marie
to miscarry. She would give birth to the couple’s
second son, Nikolaos, in Rome in 1969.
Constantine was formally deposed in June
1973 and the couple moved to Hampstead, north
London. After a 1974 referendum – allegedly
rigged – the monarchy was abolished and
Constantine was stripped of his Greek citizenship.
He and Anne-Marie remained in Hampstead,
STOYAN NENOV ALAMY
where Theodora and Philippos were born in

1983 and 1986. The children were educated at
London’s Hellenic College, a bilingual Greek-
British school founded by King Constantine
in 1980. He remained close to the British royal
family and often went sailing at Cowes with
his father’s cousin, the Duke of Edinburgh.
Property disputes soured Constantine’s
relations with the Greek government for some
time, although he was allowed to attend his
mother’s funeral in 1981.
In August 1993 he took his family on a two-
week Aegean cruise. Whenever the family slipped
ashore crowds greeted them enthusiastically.
Although the government stated he was free to
return as a private citizen, opposition parties
feared an attempt to restore the monarchy.
Constantine complained that they were
followed by gunboats and buzzed by an air
force plane. He had paid tax debts of two million
pounds and expected, in return, to retain
ownership of Tatoi and Mon Repos. Finally, a
long-drawn out court battle ended in 2002 when
the European Court of Human Rights ruled that
the Greek state must pay compensation. The
money was used to help earthquake victims via
a fund set up by Queen Anne-Marie.
Subsequently King Constantine retrieved
some of his possessions but did not regain
ownership of Tatoi and Mon Repos. He returned to
Greece whenever he could, travelling on a Danish
diplomatic passport as a Prince of Denmark in his
own right, to show his family his favourite places
and remain in touch with the Greek people.
As an honorary member of the International
Olympic Committee, the former king was present
at the lighting of the Olympic flame in Athens in
August 2004 and presented medals after sailing
competitions in Beijing in 2008.
FROM TOP: King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofía

with their daughters Elena and Cristina, and
Princess Irene before the funeral service
Crown Prince Pavlos delivers a moving

eulogy in both Greek and English
Queen Anne-Marie with Crown Princess Marie-

Chantal and Princess Alexia, and, OPPOSITE,
Crown Prince Pavlos, Prince Nikolaos, Princess
Theodora, Prince Philippos and their partners,
and some of King Constantine’s grandchildren
RIGHT: Queen
Margrethe of
Denmark with Crown
Prince Frederik and
Prince Joachim
BELOW: King Carl XVI

Gustaf and Queen
Silvia of Sweden
BOTTOM: Queen
Sofía, King Felipe
and Queen Letizia of
Spain, and Princess
Irene walk to the
burial site at Tatoi
OPPOSITE: In the
small church at
Tatoi the former
king’s standard and
decorations are
arranged on his
coffin before
prayers are said
CORDON PRESS/ALAMY
PRIVATE OFFICE OF HM KING CONSTANTINE P R I VAT E O F F I C E O F H M K I N G CO N S TA N T I N E
PRIVATE OFFICE OF HM KING CONSTANTINE After a forty-six-year exile, in 2013 Constantine
and Anne-Marie sold their Hampstead home
and moved to the coastal resort of Porto Heli
in the Peloponnese, where they lived quietly
as private citizens and enjoyed hosting their
children and nine grandchildren, fishing and
sailing on their yacht, Afroessa.
In the spring of 2021, with the king’s health
deteriorating, they moved to Kolonaki in Athens
to be closer to medical facilities.
The Greek government denied the king a
state funeral but on 16 January hundreds queued
for hours to pay their respects as Constantine’s
coffin briefly lay in the tiny chapel of St Eleftherios
covered with the Greek flag.
Later that morning representatives from
eleven royal families attended the funeral in
Athens’ Metropolitan Cathedral, where Queen
Anne-Marie appeared deeply moved by the warm
welcome of the large crowd outside.
The Princess Royal, accompanied by Vice-
Admiral Sir Timothy Laurence, represented the
King, while the Prince of Wales was represented
by Lady Gabriella Kingston, another of the late
king’s godchildren. Anne-Marie’s wreath of lilies
of the valley, echoing the flowers in her wedding
bouquet, was placed on the coffin by her sons.
The Greek Orthodox service was followed by a
private burial in the royal cemetery at Tatoi where,
as King Constantine once said, ‘I can relax.’ M
LEFT: Princess Maria-Olympia holds some

of her late grandfather’s insignia
BELOW: Sons and grandsons carry the king’s

mortal remains to his final resting place
PRIVATE OFFICE OF HM KING CONSTANTINE
PRIVATE OFFICE OF HM KING CONSTANTINE
Queen Anne-Marie
speaks with the
Princess Royal after
the interment
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The Queen has increasingly come

OWEN HUMPHREYS/ALAMY
to rely on the endeavours of three

very capable women, two of
whom joined the royal family on
marriage. Their interests may be
different but they share a common
goal, says INGRID SEWARD
P
RINCESS ANNE BEGAN working on
behalf of her mother the Queen when
she was just 18 years old. Sophie Rhys-
Jones, who became the Countess of
Wessex, and later Camilla Parker Bowles, who
became the Duchess of Cornwall, took on royal
responsibilities only when they married into the
royal family. But between them the three women
provide a solid backbone for the royal family’s
independent patronages.
They support hundreds of charities, never
clashing with each other and, to the delight of
many, occasionally come together to do a joint
engagement. The three women’s charities are
chosen to reflect their various interests and
although they do not need to raise the millions an
umbrella foundation such as the Prince of Wales
runs, their causes – some unfashionable, some
well-known – raise huge amounts for important
issues that might otherwise be neglected.
Thirty-four-year-old Sophie Rhys-Jones married
Edward in June 1999 having started going out
with the prince soon after meeting him on the
real tennis court at Hampton Court Palace in
1993. Sophie had an idea about how the royal
family worked but didn’t know exactly what it
was like to be on the inside.
When they married Sophie already had her
own successful PR business and did not intend
to become a working member of the royal
firm, as at the time there was no need for her
to do so. It was agreed that as a successful
businesswoman it would be counterproductive
if she did not carry on working within her own
company and have the freedom to contribute to
her married life with Edward.
The Duke of Edinburgh, her father-in-law, had
his doubts, but supported her decision. However,
as he had predicted, it wasn’t a good one: life as a
member of the royal family didn’t work alongside
being a PR. Sophie was taken advantage of and
her royal connections exploited until, finally,
she was tricked into making indiscreet remarks
about the royal family by a News of the World
reporter posing as an Arab sheikh.
It was horribly embarrassing and distressing
for Sophie and to this day, 21 years later, she
remains, understandably, sensitive about it.
Sisters-in-Law
The Queen felt enormous sympathy for her,
as did everyone else, but Sophie and Edward
decided they would abandon all their business
enterprises and instead concentrate on helping
Her Majesty in her golden jubilee year.
Life as a working royal had begun for Sophie,
who by then was well versed in the ways the royal
family worked. A life of public appearances,
protocol and media scrutiny was what she
signed up for when she married Edward and she
was determined to give it her very best shot.
Anne and Sophie visit Westmorland County

Show in Cumbria, 9 September 2021
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Heirs and
Spares
After years of conjecture the perilous state of
Prince William’s relationship with his brother
was confirmed in excruciating detail by
Prince Harry in his book and TV interviews.
INGRID SEWARD recalls their childhood, and
that of their father and his siblings
William and Harry
take part in the
Queen’s funeral
procession on
19 September
MARK DAVIDSON/ALAMY
A
fter Prince William saw his mother being According to Diana, Harry loved knights
interviewed on the BBC’s Panorama and castles and soldiers and the pageantry of
programme in 1995, he refused to royalty. William was never an ordinary teenager
speak to her. He was furious she and Diana used to describe him as ‘my little wise
hadn’t warned him, furious that she old man’. This endearing description annoyed
had spoken badly of his father, Harry so he decided to be just the opposite and
and upset she had mentioned James Hewitt. play the fool for as long as he could.
He hated the idea of everything being so Harry was the better rider and skier and
public – especially on television – and accused polo player. But however hard he tried, it was
her of making a fool of herself and him. He was William that everyone acknowledged and Harry
so angry that when Diana eventually saw him was often ignored. Diana was very conscious of
and tried to put her arms around him, he shoved this. She told me that she was determined that
her away shouting and crying. Harry should attend Eton College alongside his
William forgave his mother and presented brother as she didn’t want everyone to say that
her with flowers the following day, but I doubt Harry was ‘stupid’ and she took great care there
that he will forgive his brother Harry so easily. was little mention of his dyslexia as she felt it
The emotional rift between them is too great to would single him out.
be fixed by apologies and brief hugs, as once the At school Harry would pull pranks on his
anger has subsided there is only an empty void. It brother and once pretended to be an admirer as
will take time – if it ever happens. Willy, as Harry William was on a cross-country run and stepped
calls his brother, has been seriously belittled in out of the bushes to ask him for his autograph.
Harry’s biography and made to appear heartless. They were in the same house but, Harry being
Harry and William, as we know, weren’t two years younger, led separate lives.
always the close friends they were mooted to be. Of course, they were allies against what
OPPOSITE: As children William, being the elder, would get they saw as a hostile world intent on getting
Prince Charles and Harry into all kinds of scrapes and then blame at them through underhand methods. They
Princess Anne at him, as older siblings are apt to do. William was both became slightly paranoid about their own
Ballater station at always a practical joker and in Harry he found publicity but when they were younger it was
the end of a Balmoral a willing partner. Harry worshipped his brother, treated as a bit of sport – avoiding the media
holiday in 1954 but there was always an edge of jealousy there and occasionally getting their mates to put out
that he wasn’t number one. William used to win daft stories.
BELOW: Happier arguments by saying he was the oldest so it had One such tale was that William’s dog had
times for the then to be him, and besides he was going to be king so swallowed a pearl earring; Harry was delighted
Prince of Wales and he could do what he wanted. when the press picked up the fabricated story.
his sons during a Later on, when the idea of being monarch Later it became serious: Harry and William had
Klosters skiing trip had started to intimidate William, Harry used to a code of omertà and would not trust anyone
in March 2005 say, ‘If you don’t want to be king I will be.’ beyond a small group of friends.
MIRRORPIX/ALAMY
ALAMY
I sometimes wonder if the King might have rooms. Anne didn’t give a jot but Charles was
had a valid point when he tried to persuade distraught. Their differences complemented
Diana to bring up their sons according to royal each other in later life and although Anne always
tradition, with the emphasis on decorum rather said she accepted the role of being second in
than on having a good time. In Harry’s case everything, she admitted it was Charles who
that would have meant taking responsibility for commanded the greater attention in all things.
his own actions and not blaming everyone else ‘You adopt the position as part of your
when things didn’t work out the way he wanted. experience,’ she said. ‘You start off in life very
Diana was a woman with her own ideas of much tail-end Charlie at the back of the line.’
how to bring up children and she was emphatic She was grateful in years to come when she
that her ‘boys’ as she called them should be was allowed to develop her own interests in her
spared the ruthless, unremitting regulation own way, without the pressures of the centre-
and discipline that their father had to endure stage role that so inhibited Charles.
when he was young. She believed it was this Prince Andrew, who celebrated his 63rd
upbringing that rendered him incapable of birthday on 19 February, was the actual ‘spare’
being emotionally open and honest. Maybe she although he was born ten years after Anne.
was right. It wasn’t until 2013 that the system of male
When Charles was young, he and his sister primogeniture – under which a younger son
Anne, twenty-one months his junior, fought displaced an elder daughter – was ended in
like cat and dog but it wasn’t because Anne was the UK. Regrettably, it left Anne out as it only
jealous of his status. On the contrary, she was affected those born after 28 October 2011.
delighted she didn’t have the responsibilities Although Andrew wasn’t born until 1960, he
of her elder brother. It meant that she could do was still second in line to the throne at the time –
what she wanted, within reason – and she did. and indeed until the birth of Prince William in OPPOSITE: British
Once when they were staying at Balmoral 1982 – and was treated as such. For the Queen it newspaper front
they were given a bag of mushrooms and told was the first time she was truly able to be a mother pages react to Prince
to take them to their mother. A row ensued about as she was confident and comfortable in her role Harry’s revelations
which of them should have the honour. They and scheduled time to be with her cheerful baby,
both tugged at the bag, which burst, spilling the whom everyone adored, including the palace BELOW: The Duke
mushrooms all over the gravel drive. staff. Andrew was the centre of attention, used of Sussex in
Anne who had just been riding, then set to getting his own way and very spoilt. He knew conversation with
about her brother with her riding crop. He burst how to wrap his mother around his little finger ITV’s Tom Bradby in
into tears, at which moment the Queen opened and their closeness endured until she died. No Montecito to mark
the door and had to shout at them to stop. She wonder then the Duke of York feels entitled and the publication of
slapped them both and packed them off to their allegedly won’t go quietly. his memoir, Spare
ITV
BRUCE ADAMS/ALAMY
Andrew never suffered from being the spare
in the way Harry claims he himself did. Andrew,
as far as we are aware, never attacked his
siblings or any members of his family for being
disloyal as they have stuck by him throughout
his problems. For the last eight years Andrew has
had legal threats hanging over him culminating
in the unfortunate interview he gave to the
BBC’s Newsnight. As a result of his embarrassing
performance he was obliged to give up his royal
status and patronages – a bitter blow for someone
who has few outside resources, his only hobby
being golf. His immediate family have been loyal,
regardless of what they might feel personally.
They have certainly never spoken publicly about
Andrew’s sexual assault allegations and the
subsequent out-of-court settlement.
The Prince of Wales, who will be the only male
member of the House of Windsor to pay homage
to the King at the coronation, appreciates the
importance of family. However tempted he might
be to dispute his brother’s claims in his book
Spare, he knows there is no point. Better to turn
the other cheek and hope that they will be able to
reconcile sometime in the future when the eyes
of the world are not focused on them. M
RIGHT: Business as usual as the Prince

and Princess of Wales visit the new Royal
Liverpool University Hospital on 12 January
BELOW: The royal couple attend a pre-launch

event at BAFTA in London on 30 January for
Catherine’s Shaping Us campaign
EDDIE MULHOLLAND/ALAMY
CALMPRODUCTIONS
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CALMPRODUCTIONS.COM majestymagazine.com 41
A smiling Queen Mary,
pictured during the
Second World War
with a mug of tea at a
mobile YMCA canteen
in Cheltenham
ALAMY
Doing
One’s Bit
Queen Mary died seventy years ago this month,
aged 85, just weeks before the coronation of her
granddaughter, Queen Elizabeth II. She had a long
and eventful life: here ROBERT PRENTICE looks at
how she coped with the upheavals of the Second
World War
A
t the outbreak of war with Germany on 3 September 1939, Queen
Mary was holidaying at Sandringham, the royal family’s Norfolk
estate. However, a plan was already in place for the 72-year-old
to be relocated to the relative safety of Badminton House, the
Gloucestershire home of the Duke of Beaufort and his wife
Mary, a niece of the dowager queen. Although Queen Mary
did not approve of leaving her London residence, Marlborough House,
her son King George VI stressed this was to save him needless anxiety
over her personal safety.
At 10am the following day, Queen Mary and her staff of sixty-five
departed ‘the Big House’, arriving at Badminton at 6pm. Mary Beaufort
could only look on helplessly as her aunt commandeered a first-floor
bedroom, bathroom and adjacent sitting room for her personal use. The
downstairs panelled Oak Room would serve as the queen’s private dining
room, while an existing dining-room was converted into an audience room
for receiving important guests.
To protect the royal personage, four despatch riders from the Royal
Corps of Signals were on constant call to lead the way to safety in case
of sudden attack or German invasion. They were augmented by 120 men
of the Gloucestershire Regiment and Inspector George Gardner, Queen
Mary’s policeman.
Eager to combat her initial restlessness – for Queen Mary was more
accustomed to a purposeful, urban life – the king ensured that his mother
received regular news summaries from the Foreign Office, delivered by
courier in official red dispatch boxes. The queen also busied herself
arranging for ENSA to perform shows in the stables to entertain the troops.
Another weapon to combat country boredom was Queen Mary’s weekly
visits by train to the capital, where she would lunch with her son and
daughter-in-law at Buckingham Palace, visit art galleries or shop.
One day, looking out of her bedroom window, Queen Mary espied a
wall of the house covered in ivy. She had always hated the vining plant
with a vengeance, believing it to be harmful to a building’s stonework. An
equerry, Sir John Coke, was quickly pressed into joining her for a morning
of clearing ivy. This ‘Ivy Squad’ was soon augmented by the enrolment of
the duty lady-in-waiting and private secretary. Given the queen’s zeal, it is
not surprising that Badminton’s stock of ivy was rapidly exhausted.
Undeterred, by the autumn of 1940 Queen Mary had turned her attention
to the clearance of areas of local woodland and the felling of trees. A
‘Wooding Squad’ was established, mainly composed of the dispatch riders
and their royal charge. As Queen Mary was by now seldom able to travel
to London, due to the German bombing campaign, this latest diversion
proved particularly welcome.
GLOUCESTERSHIRE POLICE ARCHIVES ALAMY
PRIVATE COLLECTION
ABOVE: The doughty
royal dowager with
four of the soldiers
assigned to guard
her in deepest
Gloucestershire
LEFT: Queen Mary

visits the BBC’s
Broadcasting House
in Bristol in 1943 to
attend a Children’s
Hour rehearsal of The
Railway Children
OPPOSITE, FROM
TOP: Queen Mary,
accompanied by
the Duchess of
Beaufort and the
Duchess of Kent,
attends the handing
over of Young Men’s
Christian Association
tea car No. 500 in
August 1941
A crowd gathers
outside St Michael’s
Church in Gloucester
in May 1942 to see
Her Majesty arrive
ALAMY
Queen Mary was a thoughtful employer and canteen. Although Queen Mary’s itineraries were
during breaks happily passed around cigarettes meant to be shrouded in secrecy, prior to her visit
to her co-workers, always ensuring to take one to a local Spitfire production factory a worker let
herself. Each man also received a small birthday the secret slip, so she found herself being greeted
gift. This kind gesture was reciprocated on the by a group of flag-waving children as she stepped
queen’s birthday when members of the guard from her green Daimler saloon.
presented Her Majesty with a bouquet of flowers, During car outings she occasionally
while a regimental band played a selection of her encountered members of the military trudging
favourite music. along the roadside and would stop to offer them
Queen Mary’s exertions at organising a salvage a lift. The soldiers were often unaware who this
campaign (to gather scrap iron for the war effort) kind person was, so Queen Mary had small metal
proved less successful, however. Enthusiasm, medallions struck inscribed with her cipher,
combined with an inexperience of country ways, which she handed to each of her passengers.
often led Mary into returning home with a carload As early as July 1940, Badminton was
of perfectly serviceable agricultural implements subjected to air raids due to its proximity to
left by farmers in their fields. These were returned, Bristol and Bath. Initially, Queen Mary took refuge
discreetly, to their owners. in a reinforced room on the ground floor where,
Queen Mary’s patriotism was demonstrated dressed to perfection, she would attempt to solve
by her joining the local Pig Club and rearing her a crossword puzzle. Eventually, she decided to
own pig. She insisted on obeying the strict wartime take her chances and remained upstairs in her
rationing rules, so many was the evening that a comfortable four-poster bed. When unexploded
hapless dinner guest left the royal table having bombs were found behind the village post office,
consumed only half a snipe. By contrast, Mary Mary took a keen interest in their disposal. On
loved to fill her rooms with exuberant displays of 3 December 1940 the queen made a morale-
geraniums and orchids – the latter often sourced boosting tour of Bristol, which had suffered a
(at great expense) from local nursery gardens. heavy bombing raid the previous evening.
In addition, Queen Mary undertook an array For relaxation, Queen Mary visited antique
of official engagements in the locality. These were shops in Bath. She also enjoyed embroidery,
usually to factories involved in the war effort, but reading, working through family papers or
BELOW: Inspector also included a tour of a General Post Office annotating her personal diaries. Official guests,
George Gardner sorting office, watching a baseball match at such as Mrs Eleanor Roosevelt, paid visits to
accompanies Queen Clifton College, viewing jam making at a Women’s Badminton, as did family members, particularly
Mary on a royal visit Institute, and inspecting a Salvation Army mobile Mary’s youngest surviving son, George, the
Duke of Kent.
The news of his death, in an air accident
over northern Scotland on 25 August 1942,
left her feeling ‘stunned’. Nonetheless, the
queen stoically put her own feelings aside
and the following morning motored to Iver in
Buckinghamshire to comfort George’s grieving
widow, Princess Marina. She subsequently
travelled to Windsor for the duke’s funeral on
29 August. Yet, within days, Mary had resumed
her wooding activities, reasoning that ‘Georgie’
would have wished her to do so.
Queen Mary took a keen interest in the
Allied advance through Europe in 1944 and
when their forces entered Rome, on 5 June, she
was delighted. By early 1945 the queen had
resumed her weekly journeys to London. She
now focused on formulating a plan for her return
to Marlborough House. When Mary was satisfied
that her suite of rooms could be made habitable
by the early summer, she returned to Badminton
where, throughout April and May, she busied
herself packing up pictures and bibelots in
anticipation of the move back to the capital.
After celebrating VE Day, 8 May, with a visit
to the local pub (where the Badminton villagers
were rejoicing with a sing-song) and attending a
thanksgiving service at St Paul’s Cathedral on
13 May, Queen Mary finally departed Badminton
on 11 June.
She admitted to having ‘gained much’ from
her time there, which is an understatement
given that, prior to moving to the village, she
did not know what hay looked like. Insisting
on bidding farewell to the foremen of the nine
‘departments’ of the estate, she presented each
GLOUCESTERSHIRE POLICE ARCHIVES
one with a gift.

It was an emotional occasion. With tears
streaming down her face, Her Majesty said to Mr
Perks, the head gardener, ‘Oh, I have been happy
here! Here I’ve been anybody to everybody, and
back in London I shall have to begin being Queen
Mary all over again.’ M
ALAMY
ABOVE: Queen Mary
joins members of her
family at Windsor
Castle for Princess
Elizabeth’s 18th
birthday celebration,
21 April 1944
LEFT: From Badminton

House in June 1945
Inspector Gardner
reports to his
superiors that he
has been awarded
the Royal Victorian
Medal by George VI
GLOUCESTERSHIRE POLICE ARCHIVES
Notebook his spring, a major exhibition at Castle. Painted by candlelight, it depicts the
T
of society.
the Queen’s Gallery, Buckingham
Palace will reveal life in the 18th
century through the fashions
of the day. This was an exciting
period when trade, entertainment
and technological innovations became driving
forces for iconic fashion trends across all levels
Style & Society: Dressing the Georgians will

Queen in a magnificent gown, worn over a
wide hoop and covered with gold spangles and
tassels. The painting will be shown alongside a
beautifully preserved gown of a similar style,
worn at Queen Charlotte’s court in the 1760s,
on loan from the Fashion Museum Bath.
On display for the first time will be Queen
Charlotte’s book of psalms, covered in the only
silk fabric known to survive from one of her
bring together over 200 works from the Royal dresses. The expensive fabric, decorated with
Collection, including paintings, prints and metal threads to glimmer in candlelight, was
drawings by artists such as Gainsborough, most likely repurposed after the dress had
Zoffany and Hogarth, as well as rare surviving passed out of fashion. As textiles were highly
examples of clothing and accessories. The prized, Georgian clothing was constantly
exhibition will build up a layer-by-layer picture recycled, even by the royal family, and there
of what the Georgians wore – from the practical was a thriving market for second-hand clothes.
dress of laundry maids to the glittering gowns While court dress provided a brilliant
BELOW: Ring with worn at court – and chart the transformation of spectacle, it was on the streets of Georgian
a miniature of clothing and silhouettes from the accession of Britain that a fashion revolution was underway.
King George III – a George I in 1714 to the death of George IV in 1830. As court styles became increasingly outdated,
wedding gift to his At the heart of the exhibition will be a rarely new forums for fashionable display emerged,
bride – made displayed, full-length portrait of Queen Charlotte including pleasure gardens, coffee houses and
by Jeremiah Meyer by Thomas Gainsborough, c.1781, which usually theatres. The painting St James’s Park and the
in 1761 hangs in the White Drawing Room at Windsor Mall (British School, c.1745) brings to life the
hustle and bustle of 18th-century London’s
most fashionable meeting place and provides
a fascinating snapshot of Georgian society,
from Frederick, Prince of Wales and his lavishly
dressed companions to soldiers, sailors and
working-class serving women.
Britain dramatically expanded its global
reach during the 18th century via trade, travel
and empire. Styles and fabrics from the Ottoman
Empire, India and China were incorporated into
everyday dress. In a portrait of Madame de
Pompadour, Louis XV’s stylish mistress wears
a floral gown, possibly made of painted silk
imported from China. The portrait will be shown
alongside a roll of Chinese hand-painted silk
from the 1760s covered with an almost identical
pattern, on loan from the Bowes Museum,
Barnard Castle.
In William Hogarth’s c.1757-1764 portrait
R OYA L CO L L EC T I O N T R U ST / © H M K I N G CH A R L ES I I I 2 0 2 3
of the celebrated actor-manager David Garrick

and his dancer wife Eva-Maria Veigel – one of
the most high-profile couples of the era – Veigel
chose to wear a gown in a distinctive ‘egg-yolk’
shade of yellow. The colour was revered in China
due to its association with the emperor and
became popular in Britain at this time during
a craze for chinoiserie, a decorative style that
incorporates Chinese motifs.
The rarely displayed
portrait of Queen
Charlotte by Thomas
Gainsborough c.1781
FASHION MUSEUM BATH

RIGHT: Thomas
Rowlandson’s New
Invented Elastic
Breeches, 1784
ABOVE: Johann
Christian Fischer
by Thomas
Gainsborough,
1774-1780
ABOVE RIGHT:
Court suit of coat,
waistcoat and
breeches, possibly
French, c.1760s
As well as influences from abroad,
fashionable society increasingly looked to the
lower classes for style inspiration, adopting
previously working-class garments such as
aprons and trousers. Knee breeches were worn
by men for most of the 18th century. Examples
of these on display will include those depicted
in Thomas Gainsborough’s portrait of the famed
musician Johann Christian Fischer, 1774-1780,
and a red silk-velvet court suit from the 1760s,
remarkably like that worn by Fischer, loaned by
the Fashion Museum Bath.
However, by the end of the Georgian period,
upper-class men adopted trousers for the first
time, a legacy continued today. The future
George IV and Lord Byron were early adopters
of the new style, as shown in a portrait of Lord
Byron by George Sanders, c.1807-1808.
The exaggerated fashions of the period
were a gift for caricaturists, coinciding with
what has become known as the golden age
of the satirical print. In the never-before-
displayed New Invented Elastic Breeches, 1784,
Thomas Rowlandson depicts a large man being
manhandled into an optimistically small pair of
leather breeches by two tailors.
The exhibition will include items of jewellery
from Queen Charlotte’s famed collection, among
them a diamond ring featuring a miniature of
her husband George III, given to her on her
wedding day. Other accessories on display will
include beautiful English and French fans,
which reached their fashionable zenith during
this period, some representing topical events
such as the first hot air balloon flight, and
jewel-encrusted snuffboxes, reflecting the craze
amongst both men and women for taking snuff
throughout the 18th century.
RIGHT: Madame de Pompadour, attributed to

the studio of François-Huber Drouais, after 1764
ABOVE: Queen Charlotte’s book of psalms is

covered in a rich silk thought to have been
taken from one of Her Majesty’s dresses
F A S H I O N M U S E U M B AT H
RIGHT: British
court dress (gown,
petticoat, stomacher
and shoes),
c.1740-1760
ABOVE: St James’s
Park and the Mall,
British School,
c.1745
OPPOSITE, FROM
TOP: French fan
depicting ‘The Ascent
of M. Charles’s
and M. Robert’s
Balloon, 1783’
William Hogarth:
David Garrick with
his wife Eva-Maria
Veigel, she in her
egg-yolk yellow
gown, c.1757-1764
Advancements in haircare, cosmetics,
eyewear and dentistry will also be explored.

Immensely tall and wide hairstyles became
fashionable for women in the latter half of the
century, resulting in the development of an
entirely new trade: the hairdresser. Quirky items
on display will include a set of miniature bellows
and a sprinkler used for applying hair powder,
loaned by the School of Historical Dress.
The exhibition will reveal how the Georgians
ushered in many of the cultural trends we know
today, including the first stylists and influencers,
the birth of a specialised fashion press and the
development of shopping as a leisure activity.
From the popularity of fancy-dress and the
evolution of childrenswear, to the introduction
of military uniforms and the role of garments
in showing support for revolutions at home and
abroad, Style & Society will explore what clothing
reveals about all areas of life in the rapidly
changing world of 18th-century Britain.
‘During this period, we start to see court
dress lagging behind street style, with people
from across a much broader social spectrum
than ever before setting fashion trends,’ says
Anna Reynolds, curator of Style & Society:
Dressing the Georgians. ‘The Royal Collection is
so rich in visual representations from this period
and the exhibition is a wonderful opportunity
to share them with the public. Showing paintings
alongside surviving items of dress really adds an
extra layer of insight, helping us to understand
how clothing was constructed, what it felt like to
wear, and how artists approached the challenge
of representing Georgian fashion in paint.’ M
Style & Society: Dressing the Georgians will run

at the Queen’s Gallery, Buckingham Palace from
21 April to 8 October 2023. Visitor information
and tickets: www.rct.uk or +44 (0)30 3123 7301.
Queen Maria, 1927,
by Paja Jovanović
GALLERY OF MATICA SRPSKA
Emeralds
& Exile
For royals fallen on hard times, the sale of their jewels was often what
kept hunger from the door. TROND NORÉN ISAKSEN relates the story
of a magnificent emerald tiara that an exiled Romanov had to let go of
after the First World War only for the royal family who bought it to be
forced to part with it after the next world war
W
henever Romanov jewels are her niece, Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna the
mentioned, the name Fabergé younger, when she married Prince Wilhelm of
is often the first that comes to Sweden in 1908.
mind. More than a century Maria’s jewels caused a sensation in
after the downfall of the Russian Stockholm. ‘As is well known, Princess Maria
monarchy, the works of Fabergé excels in precious and tasteful jewellery,’ the
continue to dazzle and to be the subject of books newspaper Dagens Nyheter stated in 1910.
and exhibitions. But what Fabergé made was ‘I once saw Princess Maria’s treasure of
mostly decorative items. The imperial family’s jewels,’ the diplomat and jewellery expert
‘serious’ jewellery was primarily the work of the Knut Bonde later recalled. ‘She had parures of
other court jeweller, Bolin. emeralds, turquoises, sapphires and diamonds, BELOW: Bolin's
One of Bolin’s most elegant works was a all complete with all parts.’ dazzling kokoshnik-
kokoshnik-shaped tiara, comprising diamonds But her marriage was far from happy. Unlike shaped tiara of
and seven large cabochon emeralds, that would many other princesses, Maria had the wherewithal diamonds and the
twice come to be sold by dispossessed royals. to do something about it. In 1913, she left Prince paste version of
The emeralds themselves supposedly belonged Wilhelm and returned to Russia. The marriage the seven large
to Empress Maria Alexandrovna, the first wife of was dissolved the following year. cabochon emeralds
Alexander II. They were apparently inherited by
their son, Grand Duke Sergey, and became part
of a magnificent tiara worn by his wife, Grand
Duchess Elizaveta Feodorovna.
The emeralds could be detached and worn
as brooches and Elizaveta would occasionally
wear them sewn on to a fabric kokoshnik. There
was also a large necklace, a brooch and a pair of
earrings to complete the parure.
Grand Duchess Elizaveta was one of the most
beautiful and celebrated ladies of the Russian
imperial court, but her glory days came to an
end when Sergey was killed by an assassin’s
bomb in 1905. His widow took religious vows
and dedicated the remainder of her life to caring
for the destitute.
To fund this work, she sold many of her
jewels, but the emerald parure was given to
PRIVATE COLLECTION
ALAMY
RIGHT: The bejewelled Grand Duchess
Elizaveta in all her imperial splendour
BELOW: 'Ella' and her husband, Grand Duke

Sergey, dressed for a Winter Palace costume
ball in 1903
BOTTOM: Empress Maria Alexandrovna,

from whom her son Sergey is thought to
have inherited the emeralds
ALAMY
ALAMY
ALAMY
Having returned to Russia, Maria came to
witness the revolution from a front row seat.
After most of the former imperial family’s
holdings were confiscated, Maria left her jewels
for safekeeping in a bank in Moscow. However,
fearing that the Bolsheviks might take power
and nationalise private property, she and her
new husband, Prince Sergey Putiatin, travelled
to Moscow at the end of October to retrieve
her jewels.
They found the bank closed and the streets
echoing with gunfire. Returning to Petrograd,
as St Petersburg had now become, they learned
that the Bolsheviks had seized power.
The contents of bank deposit boxes were
nationalised, but somehow Maria’s parents-
in-law managed to get her jewels out of the
bank. Before their journey back to Petrograd,
Princess Putiatin sewed the jewels into clothes
and hats.
Some smaller items were sold during the harsh
winter of 1917-1918, while the rest were hidden in
ingenious places in the apartment she and her
husband shared with his parents. One diamond
tiara was hidden in a bottle of ink, while other
jewels were encased in wax tapers placed before
icons. Occasionally they would light the candles so
that the servants would not suspect anything.
After former Tsar Nikolay II and his family
were executed and Grand Duchess Elizaveta
thrown down a mineshaft and bombarded with
hand grenades in July 1918, Maria decided to
leave Russia. Before she fled, she succeeded
in having her jewels sent to Sweden. By way of
Kyiv and Odesa, she reached Romania, carrying
a single suitcase.
Maria was certain she would not be away
for long. The Bolshevik regime would surely
collapse in a few months. ‘Once again in the
possession of my jewels, I could sell a few pieces,
and that would carry us over the time we had to
wait,’ she believed.
She was reunited with her jewels when she
met her ex-sister-in-law, Crown Princess Margareta
of Sweden, in London. She was advised to sell
her jewels en masse at Christie’s, but as she was
reluctant to part with her cherished heirlooms
and firmly believed she would soon return to
Russia, she chose to sell the items one by one.
As many other exiles did the same, in addition
to the new Russian regime selling 406 items from
the imperial treasury, the market was flooded
with gems and Maria’s once invaluable treasures
were sold at knock-down prices. ‘The gradual
sale of my jewels, which lasted over several years,
constituted one of the painful experiences of my
life as a refugee,’ Maria would later write.
Most were sold to jewellers and gemstone Having fallen out with his mother, Petar now ABOVE: Grand
dealers, while the emerald parure was purchased laid claim to the emeralds. As his letters were Duchess Maria
by King Aleksandar I of the Serbs, Croats and ignored, Petar requested the help of his friend, Pavlovna wearing the
Slovenes (from 1929 Yugoslavia), who gave it to the MP and socialite Henry ‘Chips’ Channon, tiara that she received
his bride, Princess Maria of Romania, in 1922. Her who wrote to his dear friend Prince Pavle, now from her aunt
mother, Queen Marie of Romania, was impressed in exile in South Africa, to ask for information.
by the ‘imperial stones the like of which I hadn’t Pavle replied that the emeralds were crown
seen since Russia’. jewels and as such the property of King Petar,
The marriage was not particularly happy, as there had been a special provision in his
which comes as no surprise given that Maria parents’ marriage contract providing for such an
appears to have been lesbian. When Aleksandar eventuality.
was assassinated in 1934, the eldest of their three In September 1944, Petar and Channon went
sons became King Petar II under the regency of to Coutts bank, where the manager said that
his father’s first cousin, Prince Pavle. there were several boxes belonging to Queen
Seven years later, the royal family fled Maria that he could do nothing about, but also
as Germany invaded Yugoslavia. In exile in one box in the joint names of the king and
London, King Petar fell in love with Princess his mother. This, he believed, contained the
Alexandra of Greece – a match strongly opposed emeralds. Unfortunately, the key was missing,
by his mother. but Petar took it with him.
After lunching with Queen Alexandra and ‘She agreed to hand over the parcel
her mother, Princess Aspasia of Greece, they containing the emeralds in exchange for her own
drove to a locksmith who succeeded in opening jewels; at the last moment by a clumsy ruse she
the box. Arriving at the king and queen’s suite tried to bluff her way out of it that the emeralds
at Claridge’s later in the day, Channon found were not his,’ Channon claimed. In the end she
‘the Young King and Queen childishly playing ‘capitulated’, but only ‘grunted at her son’ and
with a mass of glittering objects which they ignored her daughter-in-law when they met, ‘and
were inspecting! A huge diamond crown; a at last to everyone’s relief, receipts were signed
diamond necklace; many, many earrings, and and exchanged and she returned to the country
other valuable jewels!!’ and her mistress with box under her arm’.
Channon was horrified as he realised that The emeralds brought Queen Alexandra no
they might have taken the wrong box and that more happiness than any of the ladies who had
the dowager queen might accuse them of theft. worn them before her. In 1945, Yugoslavia became
BELOW: ‘And I fled, after advising the young a republic. The only time Alexandra ever wore
King Aleksandar I sovereigns [sic] to return the box at once the emeralds was to a banquet at Buckingham
and his wife, the to Coutts Bank – the King refused; said he Palace before the wedding of Princess Elizabeth
former Princess would keep the things until his mother – he and Prince Philip in November 1947.
Maria of Romania called her “Tarantula” and “Pikey” etc. – In her memoirs, the ex-queen recalled how
coughed up the emeralds’. her ‘head ached and hurt unbearably under the
OPPOSITE, FROM For some time, Channon lived in dread of weight of the heavy tiara’ that ‘bit viciously into
TOP: Queen Maria ‘that royal explosion when that ghastly Queen my head’ as the dinner slowly proceeded.
wears the tiara discovers about her jewels’. With little to live off, ex-King Petar eventually
bought at auction Having discovered that the box was missing sold the parure to the jeweller Van Cleef &
by her husband from Coutts, Maria had to contact her son, Arpels in 1953. The jeweller sold the cabochon
who pretended that he had not opened the emeralds to an unknown buyer and replaced
King Petar II and box and therefore believed it contained the them with paste. In this condition, the tiara
Queen Alexandra of emeralds. As the lock was being repaired, Petar often appears at exhibitions and is occasionally
Yugoslavia after their played for time, but at the end of November his lent to celebrities and socialites.
wedding in London mother appeared at the Yugoslav embassy and As several of the tiara’s owners came to
in 1944 demanded to see him. realise, the emeralds were not forever. M
ALAMY
ALAMY
NEXT MONTH IN
WILLEM-ALEXANDER
RVD /ERWIN OLAF

FIRST TEN YEARS AS KING
APRIL 1923 The Westminster Abbey wedding
of the Duke of York and Lady Elizabeth Bowes Lyon
THE YOUSSOUPOVS Rasputin's killer

ALAMY
and his Romanov princess are the subjects of a new biography
FORMAL & FAMILY A selection

of images from Charles III: The Making of a King, in
the National Portrait Gallery's collection
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BOTH PAGES:
The King and Queen
hosted a reception at
Buckingham Palace
on 1 February to
celebrate British
east and southeast
Asian communities
The Earl of Wessex,

the Princess Royal,
the Duchess of
Gloucester and
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CHRIS JACKSON/ALAMY
Court &Social
AARON CHOWN/ALAMY
RIGHT: His Majesty
welcomes President
Volodymyr Zelensky
to Buckingham
Palace on 8 February
during his first visit
to the UK since the
Russian invasion of
Ukraine in 2022
BELOW: The King

and Queen held
an audience at
Buckingham Palace
on 27 January, the
78th anniversary
of the liberation of
Auschwitz-Birkenau,
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Memorial Day. Their
Majesties received
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Memorial Day Trust
VICTORIA JONES/ALAMY
Court &Social
A L I S TA I R G R A N T / A L A M Y
AARON CHOWN/ALAMY
ABOVE: The Queen,

recently appointed
colonel of the
Grenadier Guards,
visits the regiment
at Lille Barracks
in Aldershot on
31 January
LEFT: Her Majesty

with guests of
the Queen’s Own
Rifles of Canada
at a Buckingham
Palace reception
on 1 February. The
Queen was presented
with the Canadian
Forces’ Decoration
by Brigadier-General
Dwayne Parsons
in recognition of
her twelve years of
service as
colonel-in-chief
Court &Social
ARTHUR EDWARDS/ALAMY
RIGHT: The Princess

of Wales pulls tyres,
used as a training
technique, at Landau
Forte College in
Derby on 8 February
to celebrate Captain
Preet Chandi’s
return from her solo
expedition across
Antarctica
BELOW:
William and
Catherine, on their
first visit to Cornwall
since becoming
Duke and Duchess
of Cornwall, help
to refurbish a boat
at the National
Maritime Museum
Cornwall in Falmouth
CHRIS JACKSON/ALAMY
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The royal world as seen through the eyes of
And ROBERT GOLDEN
Finally
T
he Margrave of Baden mother’s side of the family, Princess coronation in June 1953 that they were
(Duke of Zähringen), who Beatrix of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (of officially invited to a public occasion.
died in Salem in southern whom more in next month’s issue). The Max, his parents and sister were
Germany on 29 December engagement did not last long and present in Westminster Abbey and a few
2022, aged 89, was one of Beatrix never married, though she and days later at St Paul’s Cathedral for the
a dwindling number of Max remained on good terms and often Coronation Thanksgiving Service. Max
paternal first cousins of the King. met at family gatherings. and Berthold attended the marriage of
On his mother’s side of the family Following the sudden death of Princess Margaret in 1960 and that of
Charles III has only two first cousins: his father in 1963 Max assumed the Prince of Wales in 1981.
the Earl of Snowdon and Lady Sarah responsibility for the management of I often met Max when he stayed
Chatto, offspring of the late Princess Salem and three other properties in with his sister Margarita in London.
Margaret. On his father’s side there desperate need of renovation. He and Valerie were extremely down to
were originally nineteen, although The sale of the contents of the earth and affable. Although in awe of
three died before Charles was born. Neues Schloss raised 55 million dollars, Margarita – a forceful character – Max
From that grand total six survive. though revenues from the forestation was generous towards her. On more
Maximillian (familiarly known as continued to plummet due to cheaper than one occasion when he was leaving
Max) was born at Schloss Salem on 3 imports from the Far East. her home I saw him slip a large wad of
July 1933, the second child of Princess In 1966 Max married Archduchess banknotes into her handbag.
Theodora of Greece and Denmark and Valerie of Austria, Princess of Tuscany, Even though he was head of the
Berthold, Margrave of Baden. His a direct descendant of Emperor Franz family he did all he could to avoid his
grandfather was Prince Max of Baden, Joseph of Austria. In accordance with sister’s wrath. On one occasion as we
last Chancellor of the German Empire, European law a civil marriage has to arrived back from Highgrove in the early
who negotiated peace terms with the take place before a religious service. hours, he lost his nerve, deciding that
allied powers in 1918. Their civil ceremony took place at he could not risk waking her. Instead,
The younger Max had a sister, Schloss Salem on 23 September, he stayed at my house in east London.
Margarita, who was a year older, and a followed a week later by a religious Max also supported his sister in her
brother, Ludwig, who was born in 1937. service in the bride’s family chapel at charitable endeavours, particularly her
The siblings remained close throughout Schloss Persenbeug in lower Austria. involvement as patron of the Friends
their long lives and often met in London Max and Valerie had four children; of the Martha and Mary Convent in
and southern Germany, where they the eldest, Prince Bernhard, succeeded Moscow, and supporting the Widows
enjoyed a traditional Christmas at his father as Margrave of Baden. of Srebrenica. He founded German Aid-
Salem and Zwingenberg, the home of Princess Marie Louise and Princes Baden, a charity to support Ethiopian
Prince Ludwig. Leopold and Michael completed the refugees in Sudan.
Max was first educated at Schule family. None has made a royal marriage. Max suffered latterly from ill health
Salem, a progressive school under The Baden family have often visited and was represented by his wife at the
the tutelage of Kurt Hahn, who later the United Kingdom, where they have state funeral of Queen Elizabeth II last
founded Gordonstoun in Scotland. been guests at various royal residences September.
For a time, Prince Philip, later Duke and present at family celebrations,
of Edinburgh, was a pupil at Salem, though it was not until the Queen’s To be concluded. M
but because of his mocking behaviour
towards visiting Nazi officers it was felt
safer to send him to England to continue
his education. Max was to follow in his
uncle’s footsteps when he too attended
Gordonstoun, near Elgin in Scotland.
As heir to large estates Prince
Max studied agriculture and land
management; at one time the Baden
landholdings included castles and
several thousand acres of forests
and vineyards. In London, Princess
Margarita’s wine cellar was the
repository of fine Baden wines.
Like all Germans Max served in the
Bundeswehr, as a soldier, eventually
becoming a reserve officer. In 1961 he
became engaged to a first cousin on his
RIGHT: The late Margrave of Baden

and his wife Valerie attend a festival
ALAMY
in Baden-Baden in May 2012

Queen Máxima of the Netherlands
and the Princess of Orange on
Saba during their tour of the
Dutch Caribbean with King
Willem-Alexander in February.
S I PA U S / A L A MY
The King’s Stamp exhibition marking
the release of the new Charles III
definitive stamp runs at London’s
ROYAL MAIL
Postal Museum until 3 September.


Majesty Magazine-March 2023

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