PALAWAN POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, INC

Manalo Extension, Bry. Milagrosa

Puerto Princesa City

Senior High School

Week 7
1st Semester
S.Y 2021-2022

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY, AND POLITICS

Learning Objectives:

At the end of this module, the students are expected to:

1. Know what are the social function of education in society;
2. Appreciate the interaction between education and social system;
3. Understand hoe education helps in reproducing social inequalities.

INTRODUCTION
Hi dear students! In this module, we are going to learn about Education and Social
Reproduction.

People to Remember

Pierre Bourdieu- a French sociologist, futher advanced this analysis and combined it with
neo-Weberian analysis.
Randal Collins- a neo-Weberian sociologist, for instance, argues that education functions as
a filter to perpetuate credentialism.

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 LESSON 1

Education and Perpetuation of Inequalities

Education- refers to the formal and informal process of transmitting the knowledge, beliefs,
and skills from one generation to the next.
Education has a humanistic goal of freeing the members of society from ignorance and false
beliefs. Educational institutions are important in reproducing the existing belief system and
practices of a particular society. It accomplishes this goal by allotting to the individual
learners the roles they need to fulfill as adult members of society. Education is one of the
most pervasive institutions that determine one’s future status. Hence, many people believe in
education-based meritocracy or the belief that education is the great equalizer and the key to
succeed in life.
Credentialism- refers to the common practice of relying on earned credentials when hiring
staff or assigning social status rather than on actual skills.
Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis, both American economists, published Schooling in
Capitalist America. Bourdieu and his colleague Jean-Claude Passeron, studying the French
educational system, showed empirically how education is advantageous to middle class
children by teaching and rewarding behaviors that are generally expected from middle class
families. Middle class children possess relatively more cultural capital. Cultural capital is
acquired in the family from which one belongs.
This same analysis was extended by Basil Bernstein in his analysis of the difference between
the linguistic code of the lower class and that of the middle-class students. Using Emile
Durkheim’s structural functionalist analysis, Bernstein arrived at the conclusion that the
lower-class students follow the restricted linguistic code, while the middle-class students
follow the elaborated linguistic code.

LESSON 2
Education and Economic Development

For social scientists, educational is seen as an important determinant of national development.

Existing studies confirm this consensus among social scientists.
1. Education provides basic knowledge and skills that enhance the productivity of labor.
2. Education contributes to new innovations that lead to inventions, discoveries, and
continuous upgrading of technologies.
3. Education is an effective instrument to spread and disseminate knowledge among
different sectors of society.

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 Women and Education

Education is a right. The United Nations Universal Declaration Human Rights Article States:
1. Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary
and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and
professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be
equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.

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 2. Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to
the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall
promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious
groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of
peace.
Everyone has an opportunity to be educated. Yet women have always been at a disadvantage
when it comes to accessing educational opportunities. This advantages include gender
stereotypes in the school, gender-insensitive pedagogy, sexual harassment, gendered
everyday life in the schools limited opportunities for promotion and professional
development of women teachers, gendered curricula and subject choices, and
underrepresentation of women in senior academic and administrative positions or in high-
status disciplines and prestigious institution.
From the perspective of social development, according to the United Nations Population
Fund, about two-thirds of the world’s illiterate adults are women. Lack of education severely
restricts a women’s and girls’ educational attainment benefits both individual and future
generations. Higher levels of women’s education are strongly associated with lower infant
mortality and lower fertility, as well as better outcomes for their children/ gender-equally.

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 Activity 1

1. Do a research about the functional literacy rate between males and females
from 2017-2019 in the Philippines.
Shown in a graph.

2. Comparing women’s and men’s labor and employment rate from 2017-2020 in
the Philippines.
Shown in a graph.

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