Dr Adi Maimun MMK 1213 Behaviour of Marine Vehicles Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

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Dr Adi Maimun MMK 1213 Behaviour of Marine Vehicles Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

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Dr Adi Maimun MMK 1213 Behaviour of Marine Vehicles Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

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Dr Adi Maimun MMK 1213 Behaviour of Marine Vehicles Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

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Dr Adi Maimun MMK 1213 Behaviour of Marine Vehicles Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

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Dr Adi Maimun MMK 1213 Behaviour of Marine Vehicles Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Reference: British Maritime Technology Ltd., (BMT) (1996),

Global Wave Statistic (GWS),
Unwin, London

Wave Statistic Data for Area 62 (Refer to map below)

ALL DIRECTIONS
PERCENTAGE OF OBS = 100.00%
(INCLUDING 2.19% DIRECTION UNKNOWN)
TOTAL 84 284 339 197 72 19 4 1 ~ ~ ~ 1000
>14 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
13-14 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
12-13 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
SIGNIFICANT WAVE HEIGHT

11-12 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
10-11 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
9-10 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
8-9 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
7-8 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
6-7 ~ ~ 1 1 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 3
5-6 ~ 1 2 2 2 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 7
4-5 ~ 2 6 6 4 2 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ 20
3-4 1 7 19 19 10 3 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ 60
2-3 3 30 62 49 21 6 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ 172
1-2 17 103 146 84 27 6 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ 385
0-1 63 142 104 36 8 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ 354
4-5 6-7 8-9 10-11 ~ 12-13 ~ TOTAL
<4 5-6 7-8 9-10 11-12 >13
ZERO CROSSING PERIOD (s)

Figure: Global Wave Statistic Area Map

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Dr Adi Maimun MMK 1213 Behaviour of Marine Vehicles Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Ref: Omar Yaakob, et al: Derivation of Wave Periods from Satellite Altimetry Data,
9th JSPS Seminar on Marine Transportation Engineering, Hiroshima, Oct. 2004.

Wave Statistic for Area (Lat 4 – 6 deg N and Long 112 – 114 deg E) derived Using Data
from Satellite (Topex/Poseidon) and Hwang’s Method (derivation of Period)

ALL DIRECTIONS
PERCENTAGE OF OBS = 100.00%
(INCLUDING 2.19% DIRECTION UNKNOWN)
TOTAL 46 160 233 162 207 85 46 37 9 7 7 1000
>14 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
13-14 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
12-13 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
SIGNIFICANT WAVE HEIGHT

11-12 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
10-11 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
9-10 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
8-9 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
7-8 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
6-7 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
5-6 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
4-5 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
3-4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 3 7 ~ ~ ~ 9
2-3 ~ ~ ~ ~ 8 20 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ 32
1-2 ~ ~ 5 74 151 38 18 14 5 7 7 319
0-1 46 160 228 88 48 27 21 16 4 ~ ~ 637
3-4 5-6 7-8 9-10 ~ 11-12 ~ TOTAL
<3 4-5 6-7 8-9 10-11 >12
ZERO CROSSING PERIOD (s)

Ref: Hwang, P.A. et al (1997), A Wave/Wind Climatology for the Gulf of Mexico,
Proceeding of the 7th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, USA.

Empirical Relationship between Peak period, T, wind speed, U, and wave height, H
can be described as follow:

Where g is the gravitational constant. Using satellite data to derive U and H, the
period obtained from above empirical relationship was found slightly less than 6 %
than the period measured by the buoy.

Comparison of probability of occurrence for significant wave height between GWS and
Topex/Poseidon (T/P) for 1999-2001:
Significant Wave Height (m)
0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9
p(H) 0.354 0.385 0.172 0.060 0.020 0.007 0.003 0.001 0.001
GWS
p(H) 0.637 0.319 0.032 0.011 0 0 0 0 0
T/P

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