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SQL Cheat Sheet: FUNCTIONS and Implicit

JOIN

Command Syntax Description Example

SELECT COUNT(column_name)
COUNT FROM table_name WHERE
condition;
SELECT AVG(column_name) FROM
AVG table_name WHERE condition;
SELECT SUM(column_name) FROM
SUM table_name WHERE condition;
SELECT MIN(column_name) FROM
MIN table_name WHERE condition;
SELECT MAX(column_name) FROM
MAX table_name WHERE condition;
SELECT ROUND(2number,
ROUND decimals, operation) AS
RoundValue;
LENGTH SELECT LENGTH(column_name)
FROM table;
SELECT UCASE(column_name)
UCASE FROM table;
DISTINCT SELECT DISTINCT(column_name)
FROM table;
COUNT function returns the
number of rows that matches a SELECT COUNT(dep_id) FROM
employees;
specified criterion.
AVG function returns the
SELECT AVG(salary) FROM
average value of a numeric employees;
column.
SUM function returns the total SELECT SUM(salary) FROM
sum of a numeric column. employees;
MIN function returns the
SELECT MIN(salary) FROM
smallest value of the employees;
SELECTed column.
MAX function returns the largest
SELECT MAX(salary) FROM
value of the SELECTed employees;
column.
ROUND function rounds a
number to a specified number SELECT ROUND(salary) FROM
employees;
of decimal places.
LENGTH function returns the
SELECT LENGTH(f_name) FROM
length of a string (in bytes). employees;
UCASE function that displays the
column name in each table in SELECT
UCASE(f_name) FROM
employees;
uppercase.
DISTINCT function is used to SELECT
display data without DISTINCT(UCASE(f_name)) FROM
duplicates. employees;

SELECT DAY(column_name) FROM DAY function returns the day of SELECT DAY(b_date) FROM
DAY employees where emp_id =
table the month for a given date 'E1002';
is used to display SELECT YEAR(CURRENT DATE -
CURRENT DATE
CURRENT SELECT (CURRENT DATE - the current date.This can be b_date) As AGE,
DATE COLUMN) FROM table; subtracted from the previous CURRENT_DATE, b_date FROM
date to get the difference. employees;

Subquery SELECT column_name [, Subquery is a query within SELECT emp_id, fmame, lname,
column_name ] FROM table1 [, another SQL query and salary
table2 ] WHERE column_name
embedded within the WHERE FROM
employees
OPERATOR (SELECT column_name where salary
[, column_name ] FROM table1 clause. < (SELECT AVG(salary)
[, table2 ] [WHERE]) FROM employees);
A subquery is used to return
data that will be used in the

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main query as a condition to SELECT * FROM ( SELECT

further restrict the data to be emp_id, f_name, l_name,
dep_id FROM employees) AS
retrieved. emp4all;

SELECT * FROM employees

SELECT column_name(s) FROM
Implicit table1, table2 WHERE
Inner Join table1.column_name =
table2.column_name;
Implicit SELECT column_name(s) FROM
Cross Join table1, table2;
WHERE job_id IN (SELECT
job_ident FROM jobs);
Implicit Inner Join combines
the two or more records but
displays only matching values SELECT * FROM employees,
jobs where employees.job_id
in both tables. Inner join = jobs.job_ident;
applies only the specified
columns.
Implicit Cross Join defines
as a Cartesian product where
SELECT * FROM employees,
the number of rows in the first jobs;
table multiplied by the number
of rows in the second table..

Author(s)
Lakshmi Holla

Changelog
Date Version Changed by Change Description
2023-05-04 1.1 Benny Li Formatting changes
2021-07-28 1.0 Lakshmi Holla Initial Version

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