British Culture - Class Study Notes

Chapter 2

The Saxon Invasion and Early Medieval England

This chapter explores the Saxon invasion of Britain, the establishment of Anglo-Saxon culture, the
role of Christianity, and the influence of Viking invasions on early medieval England. It covers key
aspects of the period, including the invaders, government and society, the partnership between
Church and state, and the arrival of the Vikings. The chapter also discusses the development of a
class system, the growth of Christianity, and the Norman Conquest of England.

Study Notes:

 The Invaders and Settlements:

 Germanic tribes (Saxons, Angles, Jutes) invaded Britain in the 5th century, leading
to settlement.
 Jutes settled in Kent, Angles in the east and north Midlands, Saxons in the Thames
Estuary region.
 Anglo-Saxon migrations gave rise to the name "England" (land of the Angles).
 Impact on Celtic Population:
 British Celts resisted but were eventually pushed westward, leading to the region of
"Wales."
 Anglo-Saxon culture and language replaced Celtic influences, leaving only a few
remnants.
 Anglo-Saxon Society and Culture:
 Anglo-Saxon days of the week named after Germanic gods (e.g., Tuesday from
Tig).
 Place-names reveal settlement patterns, with endings like -ing, -ham, -ton.
 Anglo-Saxons established kingdoms (Essex, Sussex, Wessex) and a class system.
 Government and Society:
 King's Council (Witan) provided advice and issued laws, reflecting early
governance.
 Shires (counties) and sheriffs managed local administration and justice.
 Anglo-Saxon technology influenced agriculture and land ownership patterns.
 Christianity's Role:
 Early spread of Christianity among Celts and Anglo-Saxons, with Celtic Church
focusing on ordinary people.
 Conflict between Roman and Celtic Churches resolved at the Synod of Whitby
(663).
 Christian influence on Anglo-Saxon society, education, and development of
monasteries.
 Viking Invasions:
 Viking raids and conquests, including the Danelaw in eastern and northern
England.
 King Alfred's resistance and creation of fortified settlements (burghs).
 The Norman Conquest and its implications for England's leadership.
 Norman Influence:
  Edward the Confessor's reign marked by church building and influence from
Normandy.
 The Norman Conquest led by William of Normandy, who became King of England.
 The beginning of a new era marked by Norman rule and societal changes.

Key Takeaways:

 The Anglo-Saxon invasion shaped the demographics and culture of England.

 Governance structures, class divisions, and administrative systems emerged during this
period.
 Christianity played a significant role in society and governance.

 Viking invasions and Norman Conquest had lasting effects on England's history.