ASSIGNMENT # 1

TYPES OF ESTIMATION
CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATION AND CONTROL
Submitted By
MUHAMMAD WAQAS
CMS ID 326883
Submitted To
DR. ABUBAKAR SHARAFAT
Military College of Engineering Risalpur,
NUST
Dated: 23/11/2021
TYPES OF ESTIMATES:
There are different types of estimates in the literature and they are used in different levels of
work. Some types of estimates are explained below.
Detailed Estimate:
In this type of estimate the whole project estimate are given that is the type of material that
should be used in the project and the cost of that material to complete the project. This include
all the cost that is related to the project such as bonds, securities, labors, material, salaries,
overhead etc. The complete project work is divided into different packages such as earthwork,
concreting, brick work etc. The accurate measurement are taken from the drawing i.e. plans,
elevation and cross sections and find the volumes of the quantities and multiply with the cost per
cubic volume. Some factors should be kept in mind like location of the project, transportation
and local labor charges while doing the detailed estimation.
Approximate Estimate:
The approximate estimate is required where we need to know where the project is beneficial or
not and sometime need it for the project approval for releasing the funds. A percentage of 5 to 10
are allowed for contingency. Different methods are given below for approximate estimate.
1. Plinth Area Method:
In this method the construction cost is calculated by multiplying the whole plinth area
locally plinth area rate.
2. Cubical Content Method:
In this method the volume of the whole building is calculated and multiply it with the
local cubic rate. It is best practice for the multistory buildings and is accurate then the
plinth area method.
3. Unit Based Method:
In this method we multiply the total number of units with rate of single unit. The unit
may be a single student in case of school or it may be a bed in case of hospital. The rate
of unit can calculated from the similar project, by dividing the cost incurred by the
number of units.
Assembly Estimating:
In this method the estimates are prepared in the group of component not a single component. For
example estimate of the door, that include the wood, hinges, locks, paint. The sum of the cost of
these component will be called the cost of an assembly. This is a quick method and can be used
for preliminary estimates and experience person is required for such estimates that he must know
all the components of the estimated assembly.
Parametric Estimates:
The estimates are made based on some statistical techniques and equations. The equations and
graph are based in the historical data for the similar type of projects. These estimates are
essential at the design stages if this these equations are of no use. These can be done for the
single task, units, assembly or for the whole project. This estimate can be deterministic or
probabilistic.

Model Estimating:
These type of estimates are based on computer model. The estimator provide some inputs and the
computer model make the estimates. Small efforts and less inputs are required in this method.
For example in a PlanSwift software upload the AutoCAD file the estimation can be done in very
easy way.
Project Comparison Estimate:
This type of estimation is done for comparing the cost of the proposed project with the project
completed in the past. The cost of the completed project is estimated and some adjustments are
made by adding some contingencies for inflation, labor cost, for some new rules in the area etc.
There is no detail list of the material cost or equipment cost etc. One thing should be insure in
this area that the areas for the proposed project and the completed project same or nearly same.