pangkor treaty of

1874

lae 1012
group members
nur azeeza binti jalaluddin 1221506
farah asyikin binti romzi 1221500
nurul ai'ni binti zalizan 1221504
zatul iffah binti jamaluddin1221510
pangkor
treaty
of 1874
 pangkor treaty of 1874

SIGNED BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND THE SULTAN OF PERAK ON 20

JANUARY 1874
THE TREATY IS SIGNIFICANT IN THE HISTORY OF THE MALAY STATES
AS IT LEGITIMISED BRITISH CINTROL OF THE MALAY RULERS AN
PAVED THE WAY BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN MALAYA
IT WAS THE RESULT OF A MULTI-DAY CONFERENCE ORGANISED BY
ANDREW CLARKE,THE GOVERNOR OF THE STRAITS OF STATEMENT, TO
SOLVE TWO PROBLEMS:
THE LARUT WAR & SULTANSHIP IN PERAK
 precedence of the treaty

PERAK WAS A MAJOR TIN PRODUCER THROUGHOUT THE 19TH CENTURY, LEADING BRITAIN.
HOWEVER THE LOCAL STRIFE,COLLECTIVELY KNOWN AS THE LARUT WARS,BETWEEN LOCAL
MALAY ELITES AND FREQUENT CLASHES BETWEEN CHINESE SECRET SOCIETIES DISPRUPTED THE
SUPPLY OF TIN FROM THE MINES OF PERAK.
RAJA MUDA ABDULLAH LATER APPEALED TO THE BRITISH REGARDING THESE TWO PROBLEMS.
THE LETTER EXPRESSED ABDULLAH'S DESIRES TO PLACE PERAK UNDER BRITISH PROTECTION,
AND TO HAVE A MAN OF SUFFICIENTABILITIES TO SHOW HIM AGOOD SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT.
THE BRITISH IMMEDIATELY SAW THIS OPPORTUNITY TO EXPAND ITS INFLUENCE IN SOUTHEAST
ASIA AND STRENGHTHEN ITS MONOPOLY ON TIN.
AS A RESULT, THE PANGKOR TREATY OF 1874 WAS SIGNED.
 Agreement
RAJA MUDA ABDULLAH BE RECOGNISED AS
THE SULTAN OF PERAK
RAJA BENDAHARA ISMAIL BE ALLOWED TO
RETAIN THE TITLE OF SULTAN MUDA AND A
CERTAIN SMALL TERRITORY ASSIGNED TO
HIM.
THE SULTAN RECEIVE AND PROVIDE A SUITABLE
RESIDENCE FOR A BRITISH OFFICER TO BE
CALLED RESIDENT,WHO SHALL BE ACCREDITED
TO HIS COURT AND WHOSE MUST BE ASKED AND
ACTED UPON ON ALL UNLESS TOUCHING MALAY
RELIGION AND CUSTOM
THAT THE GOVERNOR OF LARUT SHALL HAVE ATTACHED TO HIM AS ASSISTANT RESIDENT, A BRITISH OFFICER ACTING UNDER
THE RESIDENT OF PERAK, WITH SIMILAR POWER AND SUBORDINATE ONLY TO THE SAID RESIDENT.
THAT THE COST OF THESE RESIDENTS WITH THEIR ESTABLISHMENTS BE DETERMINED BY THE GOVERNMENT OF THE STRAITS
SETTLEMENTS AND BE A FIRST CHARGE ON THE REVENUES OF PERAK.
THAT A CIVIL LIST REGULATING THE INCOME TO BE RECEIVED BY THE SULTAN, BY THE BANDAHARA, BY THE MANTRI, AND BY
THE OTHER OFFICERS BE THE NEXT CHARGE ON THE SAID REVENUE.
THAT THE COLLECTION AND CONTROL OF ALL REVENUES AND THE GENERAL ADMINISTRATION OF THE COUNTRY BE
REGULATED UNDER THE ADVICE OF THESE RESIDENTS.
THAT THE TREATY UNDER WHICH THE PULO DINDING AND THE ISLANDS OF PANGKOR WERE CEDED TO GREAT BRITAIN HAVING
BEEN MISUNDERSTOOD AND IT BEING DESIRABLE TO READJUST THE SAME, SO AS TO CARRY INTO EFFECT THE INTENTION OF
THE FRAMERS THEREOF, IT IS HEREBY DECLARED THAT THE BOUNDARIES OF THE SAID TERRITORY SO CEDED SHALL BE
RECTIFIED AS FOLLOWS, THAT IS TO SAY:- FROM BUKIT SIGARI, AS LAID DOWN IN THE CHART SHEET NO. 1 STRAITS OF
MALACCA, A TRACING OF WHICH IS ANNEXED, MARKED A, IN A STRAIGHT LINE TO THE SEA, THENCE ALONG THE SEA COAST TO
THE SOUTH, TO PULO KATTA ON THE WEST, AND FROM PULO KATTA A LINE RUNNING NORTH EAST ABOUT FIVE MILES, AND
THENCE NORTH TO BUKIT SIGARI.
THAT THE SOUTHERN WATERSHED OF THE KREAN RIVER, THAT IS TO SAY, THE PORTION OF LAND DRAINING INTO THAT RIVER
FROM THE SOUTH BE DECLARED BRITISH TERRITORY, AS A RECTIFICATION OF THE SOUTHERN BOUNDARY OF PROVINCE
WELLESLEY. SUCH BOUNDARY TO BE MARKED OUT BY COMMISSIONERS; ONE NAMED BY THE GOVERNMENT OF THE STRAITS
SETTLEMENTS, AND THE OTHER BY THE SULTAN OF PERAK.
THAT ON THE CESSATION OF THE PRESENT DISTURBANCES IN PERAK AND THE RE-ESTABLISHMENT OF PEACE
AND AMITY AMONG THE CONTENDING FACTIONS IN THAT COUNTRY, IMMEDIATE MEASURES UNDER THE
CONTROL AND SUPERVISION OF ONE OR MORE BRITISH OFFICERS SHALL BE TAKEN FOR RESTORING AS FAR
AS PRACTICABLE THE OCCUPATION OF THE MINES, AND THE POSSESSION OF MACHINERY, &C., AS HELD
PREVIOUS TO THE COMMENCEMENT OF THESE DISTURBANCES, AND FOR THE PAYMENT OF COMPENSATION
FOR DAMAGES, THE DECISION OF SUCH OFFICERS SHALL BE FINAL IN SUCH CASE.
THE MANTRI OF LARUT ENGAGES TO ACKNOWLEDGE AS A DEBT DUE BY HIM TO THE GOVERNMENT OF THE
STRAITS SETTLEMENTS, THE CHARGES AND EXPENSES INCURRED BY THIS INVESTIGATION, AS WELL AS
CHARGES AND EXPENSES TO WHICH THE COLONY OF THE STRAITS SETTLEMENTS AND GREAT BRITAIN HAVE
BEEN PUT OR MAY BE PUT BY THEIR EFFORTS TO SECURE THE TRANQUILITY OF PERAK AND THE SAFETY OF
TRADE.
 RAJA ABDULLAH WAS MADE SULTAN,
SIR JAMES WWW BIRCH WAS APPOINTED AS
PERAK'S FIRST BRITISH RESIDENT
AFTER THE TREATY CAME INTO FORCE

BRITISH ACTIVELY BECAME

INVOLVED IN THREE OTHER MALAY
STATES: NEGERI SEMBILAN,

the result SELANGOR AND PAHANG.

THESE STATES, ALONG WITH

PERAK, WERE LATER
REORGANISED INTO THE
FEDERATED MALAY STATES