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L11 Revision Year: 10

Topic: Physics Unit: Energy
Date Set:

Information to read / watch:

https://classroom.thenational.academy/subjects-by-key-stage/key-stage-4

Click on Physics, then Energy

Complete lesson 15 Energy Review

https://app.senecalearning.com/dashboard

Go to AQA Physics higher or foundation and choose topic Energy

Complete section 1.3.6

Objectives:
Review the topic of Energy

Additional Websites:
GCSE Combined Science - AQA Trilogy - BBC Bitesize

Click Energy and review the topic

Page 1 of 13
Q1.
An energy input of 1.3 × 1018 J is supplied each year by power stations to the National
Grid.

Not all of this energy is supplied to consumers. Some of the energy is wasted in the
distribution process.

(a) Write the equation which links efficiency, total input energy transfer and useful
output energy transfer.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) The energy supplied each year to consumers is 1.2 × 1018 J

Calculate the efficiency of the distribution process.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Efficiency = _______________________
(2)

(c) How is electrical power transmitted across the National Grid to make the process as
efficient as possible?

Tick one box.

At a high potential difference and a high current

At a high potential difference and a low current

At a low potential difference and a high current

At a low potential difference and a low current

(1)

(d) Write the equation which links energy transferred, power and time.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(e) A wind turbine supplies a power output of 8000 kW for 1200 seconds.

Page 2 of 13
 Calculate the energy transferred by the wind turbine in kJ

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Energy transferred = ___________________________ kJ

(3)

(f) Describe the environmental advantages and disadvantages of using wind turbines to
generate electricity in the UK.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(4)
(Total 12 marks)

Q2.
Figure 1 shows a student making potato soup.

(a) The student places 0.5 kg of potato into a pan of water.

Page 3 of 13
 During cooking, the temperature of the potato increases from 20 °C to 100 °C

The specific heat capacity of the potato is 3400 J/kg °C

Calculate the change in thermal energy of the potato.

Use the equation:

change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × temperature change

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Change in thermal energy = ____________________ J

(3)

(b) Why is the energy supplied by the cooker greater than that calculated in part (a)?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(c) Suggest one way that the student could reduce the time to heat the potato to 100 °C

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

Figure 2 shows a food processor.

Figure 2

(d) The student places the cooked potato into the jug of the food processor.

The food processor contains a motor that spins blades to chop the potato.

The total power input to the motor is 500 W

The useful power output from the motor is 300 W

Calculate the efficiency of the motor in the food processor.

Page 4 of 13
 Use the equation:

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Efficiency = ____________________
(2)

(e) The jug is made of plastic with a low thermal conductivity.

Explain why this is an advantage.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 9 marks)

Q3.
Electricity can be generated using various energy sources.

(a) Give one advantage and one disadvantage of using nuclear power stations rather
than gas-fired power stations to generate electricity.

Advantage __________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Disadvantage _______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(b) (i) A single wind turbine has a maximum power output of 2 000 000 W.

The wind turbine operated continuously at maximum power for 6 hours.

Calculate the energy output in kilowatt-hours of the wind turbine.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Page 5 of 13
 ______________________________________________________________

Energy output = ____________________ kWh

(2)

(ii) Why, on average, do wind turbines operate at maximum power output for only
30% of the time?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(c) An on-shore wind farm is made up of many individual wind turbines.

They are connected to the National Grid using underground power cables.

Give one advantage of using underground power cables rather than overhead
power cables.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 6 marks)

Q4.
The picture shows a new washing machine. When the door is closed and the machine
switched on, an electric motor rotates the drum and washing.

(a) What happens to the energy wasted by the electric motor?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) The diagram shows the label from the new washing machine.

Page 6 of 13
 An ‘A’ rated washing machine is more energy efficient than a ‘C’ rated washing
machine.

Explain what being more energy efficient means.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(c) The graph shows that washing clothes at a lower temperature uses less energy than
washing them at a higher temperature. Using less energy will save money.

(i) Electricity costs 12 p per kilowatt-hour (kWh).

The temperature setting is turned down from 40 °C to 30 °C.

Use the graph and equation in the box to calculate the money saved each
wash cycle.

Page 7 of 13
 total cost = number of kilowatt-hours × cost per kilowatt-hour

Show clearly how you work out your answer.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Money saved = _________________________ p

(2)

(ii) Suggest why reducing the amount of energy used by washing machines could
reduce the amount of carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 6 marks)

Page 8 of 13
Mark schemes

Q1.

(a)

(b)
1

= 0.92
or
92 (%)
allow an answer that rounds to 0.92
or
92 (%)
1
ignore units
an answer of 0.92 or 92 (%) scores 2 marks

(c) at a high potential difference and a low current

1

(d)

(e)
if a conversion of 8000 has been attempted, this mark
can be awarded
1

(E =) 1200 × 8000
if a conversion of 8000 has been attempted, this mark
can be awarded
1

(E =) 9 600 000 (kJ)

this answer only
1
an answer of 9 600 000 (kJ) scores 3 marks

(f) any four from:

(environmental advantages)
• renewable / sustainable (energy source)

Page 9 of 13
 • conserves fossil fuels
• no release of pollutant gases e.g. sulfur dioxide
• no release of greenhouse gases
allow does not release carbon dioxide

• does not contribute to global warming

(environmental disadvantages)
• noise pollution
• visual pollution
• bird kill
• not always windy so more use of fossil fuel power stations
ignore destruction of habitat
max 3 marks if only refers to advantages or
disadvantages
ignore references to cost
4
[12]

Q2.
(a) 80 °C
1

ΔE = 0.5 × 3400 × 80
1

ΔE = 136 000 (J)

an answer of 136 000 (J) scores 3 marks
1

(b) energy is dissipated into the surroundings

allow any correct description of wasted energy
1

(c) put a lid on the pan

allow any sensible practical suggestion
eg add salt to the water
1

(d) efficiency = 300/500

1

efficiency = 0.6
an answer of 0.6 or 60% scores 2 marks
allow efficiency = 60%
an answer of 0.6 with a unit scores 1 mark
an answer of 60 without a unit scores 1 mark
1

(e) lower rate of energy transfer

1

(so) potato soup will remain at a higher temperature

1
[9]

Page 10 of 13
Q3.
(a) advantage

any one from:

• produce no / little greenhouse gases / carbon dioxide

allow produces no / little polluting gases
allow doesn’t contribute to global warming / climate change
allow produce no acid rain / sulphur dioxide
reference to atmospheric pollution is insufficient
produce no harmful gases is insufficient
• high(er) energy density in fuel
accept one nuclear power station produces as much power as
several gas power stations
nuclear power stations can supply a lot of or more energy is
insufficient
• long(er) operating life
allow saves using reserves of fossil fuels or gas
1

disadvantage

any one from:

• produce (long term) radioactive waste

accept waste is toxic
accept nuclear for radioactive
• accidents at nuclear power stations may have far reaching or long term
consequences
• high(er) decommissioning costs
accept high(er) building costs
• long(er) start up time
1

(b) (i) 12 000 (kWh)

allow 1 mark for correct substitution eg
2000 × 6
or
2 000 000 × 6
or

an answer of 12 000 000 scores 1 mark

2

(ii) any idea of unreliability, eg

• wind is unreliable
reference to weather alone is insufficient
• shut down if wind too strong / weak
• wind is variable
1

Page 11 of 13
 (c) any one from:

• cannot be seen
• no hazard to (low flying) aircraft / helicopters
• unlikely to be or not damaged / affected by (severe) weather
unlikely to be damaged is insufficient
• (normally) no / reduced shock hazard
safer is insufficient
less maintenance is insufficient
installed in urban areas is insufficient
1
[6]

Q4.
(a) transferred to surroundings / surrounding molecules / atmosphere
‘it escapes’ is insufficient
or
becomes dissipated / spread out
accept warms the surroundings
accept degraded / diluted
accept a correct description for
surroundings eg to the washing machine
do not accept transformed into heat on its own
1

(b) a smaller proportion / percentage of the energy supplied is wasted

owtte
accept a statement such as ‘less energy is wasted’ for 1 mark
do not accept costs less to run
ignore references to uses less energy
2

(c) (i) 2.4 (p)

accept 2 p if it is clear from the working out this is rounded from
2.4 p
allow 1 mark for correct substitution of correct values
ie 0.2 × 12
allow 1 mark for calculating cost at 40 °C (13.2 p)
or
cost at 30 °C (10.8 p)
2

(ii) any one from:

• less electricity needed

ignore answers in terms of the washing machine releasing less
energy
an answer in terms of the washing machine releasing CO 2 negates the mark

do not accept less energy is produced

• fewer power stations needed

Page 12 of 13
• less fuel is burned
accept a correctly named fuel
do not accept less fuel is needed
1

Page 13 of 13